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Biodiversity and Oenological Property Analysis of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Isolated from Korla Fragrant Pears (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu). FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oenological yeasts play a critical role in the winemaking process. In this study, the biodiversity of the non-Saccharomyces yeast was analyzed and monitored using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. Oenological and fermentation characteristics of these native yeasts were further investigated. A total of 241 fungus species and 5 species of culturable non-Saccharomyces yeasts were detected using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches, respectively. Five strains of aroma-producing yeasts (K4, K14, K19, K21, and K26) were isolated, and their growth characteristics, carbon source utilization, hydrogen sulfide production performance, and β-glucosidase activity were different. The oenological condition tolerances of most strains were lower than that of commercial S. cerevisiae X16. The co-inoculum of these strains and S. cerevisiae X16 regulated the volatile aroma characteristics of the fermented Korla fragrant pear (KFP) fruit wine, enriching and complicating the aroma flavor. Thus, the combined inoculation of these indigenous wine yeasts and S. cerevisiae has some application potential in the production of KFP wine.
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Sitthiyotha T, Klaewkla M, Krusong K, Pichyangkura R, Chunsrivirot S. Computational design of Lactobacillus Acidophilus α-L-rhamnosidase to increase its structural stability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268953. [PMID: 35613129 PMCID: PMC9132286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-rhamnosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of the terminal α-L-rhamnose from various natural rhamnoglycosides, including naringin and hesperidin, and has various applications such as debittering of citrus juices in the food industry and flavonoid derhamnosylation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its activity is lost at high temperatures, limiting its usage. To improve Lactobacillus acidophilus α-L-rhamnosidase stability, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) to identify a highly flexible region, as evaluated by its root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) value, and computational protein design (Rosetta) to increase rigidity and favorable interactions of residues in highly flexible regions. MD results show that five regions have the highest flexibilities and were selected for design by Rosetta. Twenty-one designed mutants with the best ΔΔG at each position and ΔΔG < 0 REU were simulated at high temperature. Eight designed mutants with ΔRMSF of highly flexible regions lower than -10.0% were further simulated at the optimum temperature of the wild type. N88Q, N202V, G207D, Q209M, N211T and Y213K mutants were predicted to be more stable and could maintain their native structures better than the wild type due to increased hydrogen bond interactions of designed residues and their neighboring residues. These designed mutants are promising enzymes with high potential for stability improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Wang D, Zheng P, Chen P, Wu D. Immobilization of alpha-L-rhamnosidase on a magnetic metal-organic framework to effectively improve its reusability in the hydrolysis of rutin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124611. [PMID: 33418354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidase (Rha) is a biotechnologically important enzyme that degrades biomass containing natural rhamnoside. Herein, the recombinant Rha was successfully immobilized on magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and used to hydrolyze rutin. Magnetic MOFs were constructed by binding Cu2+ and PABA to the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with a polydopamine film through coordinate covalent bonds, and the enzyme was attached to the MOFs using the cross-linking agents EDC/NHS. The immobilized enzyme Rha@MOF reached an activity of 25.09 U/g with a lower apparent Km value compared with the free enzyme. The conversion rate of 20 g/L rutin was 91.42%, corresponding to an isoquercitrin productivity of 12.78 g/L/h. Rha@MOF also exhibited significantly improved reusability; the conversion rate was still 73.55% after 30 cycles at 60 °C. These results indicated that the magnetic MOF-immobilized enzyme was a feasible biocatalyst for the conversion of flavonoids with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li DD, Jiang YP, Wang ZZ, Xiao W, Zhao LG. Molecular insights into catalytic specificity of α-L-rhamnosidase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by molecular docking and dynamics. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Enhancement in affinity of Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528 α-L-rhamnosidase (r-Rha1) by semiconservative site-directed mutagenesis of (α/α)6 catalytic domain. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:845-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Biochemical characterisation of four rhamnosidases from thermophilic bacteria of the genera Thermotoga, Caldicellulosiruptor and Thermoclostridium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15924. [PMID: 31685873 PMCID: PMC6828813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate active enzymes are classified in databases based on sequence and structural similarity. However, their function can vary considerably within a similarity-based enzyme family, which makes biochemical characterisation indispensable to unravel their physiological role and to arrive at a meaningful annotation of the corresponding genes. In this study, we biochemically characterised the four related enzymes Tm_Ram106B, Tn_Ram106B, Cb_Ram106B and Ts_Ram106B from the thermophilic bacteria Thermotoga maritima MSB8, Thermotoga neapolitana Z2706-MC24, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM 6725 and Thermoclostridium stercorarium DSM 8532, respectively, as α-l-rhamnosidases. Cobalt, nickel, manganese and magnesium ions stimulated while EDTA and EGTA inhibited all four enzymes. The kinetic parameters such as Km, Vmax and kcat were about average compared to other rhamnosidases. The enzymes were inhibited by rhamnose, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) between 5 mM and 8 mM. The α-l-rhamnosidases removed the terminal rhamnose moiety from the rutinoside in naringin, a natural flavonone glycoside. The Thermotoga sp. enzymes displayed the highest optimum temperatures and thermostabilities of all rhamnosidases reported to date. The four thermophilic and divalent ion-dependent rhamnosidases are the first biochemically characterised orthologous enzymes recently assigned to glycoside hydrolase family 106.
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Simultaneous Optimal Production of Flavonol Aglycones and Degalloylated Catechins from Green Tea Using a Multi-Function Food-Grade Enzyme. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Green tea (GT) contains well-known phytochemical compounds; namely, it is rich in flavan-3-ols (catechins) and flavonols comprising all glycoside forms. These compounds in GT might show better biological activities after a feasible enzymatic process, and the process on an industrial scale should consider enzyme specificity and cost-effectiveness. (2) Methods: In this study, we evaluated the most effective method for the enzymatic conversion of flavonoids from GT extract. One enzyme derived from Aspergillus niger (molecular weight 80–90 kDa) was ultimately selected, showing two distinct but simultaneous activities: intense glycoside hydrolase activity via deglycosylation and weak tannin acyl hydrolase activity via degalloylation. (3) Results: The optimum conditions for producing flavonol aglycones were pH 4.0 and 50 °C. Myricetin glycosides were cleaved 3.7–7.0 times faster than kaempferol glycosides. Flavonol aglycones were produced effectively by both enzymatic and hydrochloride treatment in a time-course reaction. Enzymatic treatment retained 80% (w/w) catechins, whereas 70% (w/w) of catechins disappeared by hydrochloride treatment. (4) Conclusions: This enzymatic process offers an effective method of conditionally producing flavonol aglycones and de-galloylated catechins from conversion of food-grade enzyme.
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Wang D, Zheng P, Chen P. Production of a Recombinant α-l-Rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger CCTCC M 2018240 in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:1020-1037. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li L, Gong J, Wang S, Li G, Gao T, Jiang Z, Cheng YS, Ni H, Li Q. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a New Clade of Aspergillus α-L-Rhamnosidase Suitable for Citrus Juice Processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2926-2935. [PMID: 30789260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidase is a glycoside hydrolase capable of removing naringin from citrus juice. However, α-L-rhamnosidases always have broad substrate spectra, causing negative effects on citrus juice. In this study, a α-L-rhamnosidase-expressing fungal strain, JMU-TS529, was identified, and its α-L-rhamnosidase was characterized. As a result, JMU-TS529 was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis via morphological and molecular characteristics. The predicted protein sequence shared an amino acid identity of less than 30% with previously characterized α-L-rhamnosidases. The optimal pH and temperature were 4.0 and 50-60 °C, respectively. Most importantly, the α-L-rhamnosidase showed a strong ability to hydrolyze naringin but scarcely acted on other substrates. Furthermore, the enzyme could efficiently remove naringin from pomelo juice without changing its attractive aroma. These results indicate that the present enzyme represents a new clade of Aspergillus α-L-rhamnosidase that is desirable for debittering citrus juice, providing a better alternative for improving the quality of citrus juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Jianye Gong
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Song Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Guiling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Ting Gao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Life Science , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian Province 361021 , China
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Pachl P, Škerlová J, Šimčíková D, Kotik M, Křenková A, Mader P, Brynda J, Kapešová J, Křen V, Otwinowski Z, Řezáčová P. Crystal structure of native α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 74:1078-1084. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798318013049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-L-Rhamnosidases cleave terminal nonreducing α-L-rhamnosyl residues from many natural rhamnoglycosides. This makes them catalysts of interest for various biotechnological applications. The X-ray structure of the GH78 family α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus has been determined at 1.38 Å resolution using the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing method. The protein was isolated from its natural source in the native glycosylated form, and the active site contained a glucose molecule, probably from the growth medium. In addition to its catalytic domain, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. terreus contains four accessory domains of unknown function. The structural data suggest that two of these accessory domains, E and F, might play a role in stabilizing the aglycon portion of the bound substrate.
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Borzova N, Gudzenko O, Varbanets L. Purification and Characterization of a Naringinase from Cryptococcus albidus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:953-969. [PMID: 28920164 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Naringinase which was extracted from the fermented broth of Cryptococcus albidus was purified about 42-folds with yield 0.7% by sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Toyopearl HW-60, Fractogel DEAE-650-s, and Sepharose 6B columns. Molecular weight of protein determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE was 50 kDa. Naringinase of C. albidus includes high content of the dicarbonic and hydrophobic amino acids. Enzyme contains also carbohydrate component, represented by mannose, galactose, rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, and glucose. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. Naringinase was found to exhibit specificity towards p-nitrophenyl-α-L-rhamnose, p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucose, naringin, and neohesperidin. Its K m towards naringin was 0.77 mM and the V max was 36 U/mg. Naringinase was inhibited by high concentrations of reaction product-L-rhamnose. Enzyme revealed stability to 20% ethanol and 500 mM glucose in the reaction mixture that makes it possible to forecast its practical use in the food industry in the production of juices and wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Borzova
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine.
| | - Olena Gudzenko
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Lyudmila Varbanets
- Department Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 154 Zabolotny St, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
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De Lise F, Mensitieri F, Tarallo V, Ventimiglia N, Vinciguerra R, Tramice A, Marchetti R, Pizzo E, Notomista E, Cafaro V, Molinaro A, Birolo L, Di Donato A, Izzo V. RHA-P: Isolation, expression and characterization of a bacterial α- l -rhamnosidase from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Xiao A, Ni H, Chen F. Expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Mukund P, Belur PD, Saidutta MB. PRODUCTION OF NARINGINASE FROM A NEW SOIL ISOLATE,Bacillus methylotrophicus: ISOLATION, OPTIMIZATION AND SCALE-UP STUDIES. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 44:146-63. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.797910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alvarenga AE, Romero CM, Castro GR. A novel α-l-rhamnosidase with potential applications in citrus juice industry and in winemaking. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Ni H, Chen F, Cai H, Li L, Su W. Purification and characterization of a naringinase from Aspergillus aculeatus JMUdb058. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:931-938. [PMID: 23289582 DOI: 10.1021/jf303512q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A naringinase from Aspergillus aculeatus JMUdb058 was purified, identified, and characterized. This naringinase had a molecular mass (MW) of 348 kDa and contained four subunits with MWs of 100, 95, 84, and 69 kDa. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the three larger subunits were β-D-glucosidases and that the smallest subunit was an α-L-rhamnosidase. The naringinase and its α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase subunits all had optimal activities at approximately pH 4 and 50 °C, and they were stable between pH 3 and 6 and below 50 °C. This naringinase was able to hydrolyze naringin, aesculin, and some other glycosides. The enzyme complex had a K(m) value of 0.11 mM and a k(cat)/K(m) ratio of 14,034 s(-1) mM(-1) for total naringinase. Its α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase subunits had K(m) values of 0.23 and 0.53 mM, respectively, and k(cat)/K(m) ratios of 14,146 and 7733 s(-1) mM(-1), respectively. These results provide in-depth insight into the structure of the naringinase complex and the hydrolyses of naringin and other glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueLong Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, PR China
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Liu Q, Lu L, Xiao M. Cell surface engineering of α-l-rhamnosidase for naringin hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:144-9. [PMID: 22940311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An α-l-rhamnosidase gene (rhaL1) containing an open reading frame of 2046-bp encoding a 681-amino acid protein (RhaL1) was cloned from Alternaria sp. L1 for naringin hydrolysis on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY-100. RhaL1 anchored to the yeast cell surface showed maximum enzyme activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 70°C and was stable at pH 2.5-12.0 below 60°C. When the yeast cells were employed to hydrolyze naringin in grapefruit juice, about 85% naringin was hydrolyzed at 60°C in 10min. The yeast cells were harvested and recycled for the next batch. The hydrolysis rate of the naringin was maintained at over 80% for 10 batches. These results demonstrate the stability of the RhaL1-expressing yeast cells and effective in hydrolysis of naringin in juice. Thus, the system could have promise for industrial bitterness reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Aspergillus niger DLFCC-90 rhamnoside hydrolase, a new type of flavonoid glycoside hydrolase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:4752-4. [PMID: 22544243 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00054-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel rutin-α-L-rhamnosidase hydrolyzing α-L-rhamnoside of rutin, naringin, and hesperidin was purified and characterized from Aspergillus niger DLFCC-90, and the gene encoding this enzyme, which is highly homologous to the α-amylase gene, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The novel enzyme was classified in glycoside-hydrolase (GH) family 13.
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The wood rot ascomycete Xylaria polymorpha produces a novel GH78 glycoside hydrolase that exhibits α-L-rhamnosidase and feruloyl esterase activities and releases hydroxycinnamic acids from lignocelluloses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:4893-901. [PMID: 22544251 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07588-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft rot (type II) fungi belonging to the family Xylariaceae are known to substantially degrade hardwood by means of their poorly understood lignocellulolytic system, which comprises various hydrolases, including feruloyl esterases and laccase. In the present study, several members of the Xylariaceae were found to exhibit high feruloyl esterase activity during growth on lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw (up to 1,675 mU g(-1)) or beech wood (up to 80 mU g(-1)). Following the ester-cleaving activity toward methyl ferulate, a hydrolase of Xylaria polymorpha was produced in solid-state culture on wheat straw and purified by different steps of anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography to apparent homogeneity (specific activity, 2.2 U mg(-1)). The peptide sequence of the purified protein deduced from the gene sequence and verified by de novo peptide sequencing shows high similarity to putative α-L-rhamnosidase sequences belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 78 (GH78; classified under EC 3.2.1.40). The purified enzyme (98 kDa by SDS-PAGE, 103 kDa by size-exclusion chromatography; pI 3.7) converted diverse glycosides (e.g., α-L-rhamnopyranoside and α-L-arabinofuranoside) but also natural and synthetic esters (e.g., chlorogenic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid glycoside esters, veratric acid esters, or p-nitrophenyl acetate) and released free hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic and coumaric acid) from arabinoxylan and milled wheat straw. These catalytic properties strongly suggest that X. polymorpha GH78 is a multifunctional enzyme. It is the first fungal enzyme that combines glycosyl hydrolase with esterase activities and may help this soft rot fungus to degrade lignocelluloses.
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Tamayo-Ramos JA, Flipphi M, Pardo E, Manzanares P, Orejas M. L-rhamnose induction of Aspergillus nidulans α-L-rhamnosidase genes is glucose repressed via a CreA-independent mechanism acting at the level of inducer uptake. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:26. [PMID: 22353731 PMCID: PMC3312857 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the structure and regulation of fungal α-L-rhamnosidase genes despite increasing interest in the biotechnological potential of the enzymes that they encode. Whilst the paradigmatic filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans growing on L-rhamnose produces an α-L-rhamnosidase suitable for oenological applications, at least eight genes encoding putative α-L-rhamnosidases have been found in its genome. In the current work we have identified the gene (rhaE) encoding the former activity, and characterization of its expression has revealed a novel regulatory mechanism. A shared pattern of expression has also been observed for a second α-L-rhamnosidase gene, (AN10277/rhaA). RESULTS Amino acid sequence data for the oenological α-L-rhamnosidase were determined using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and correspond to the amino acid sequence deduced from AN7151 (rhaE). The cDNA of rhaE was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and yielded pNP-rhamnohydrolase activity. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed this eukaryotic α-L-rhamnosidase to be the first such enzyme found to be more closely related to bacterial rhamnosidases than other α-L-rhamnosidases of fungal origin. Northern analyses of diverse A. nidulans strains cultivated under different growth conditions indicate that rhaA and rhaE are induced by L-rhamnose and repressed by D-glucose as well as other carbon sources, some of which are considered to be non-repressive growth substrates. Interestingly, the transcriptional repression is independent of the wide domain carbon catabolite repressor CreA. Gene induction and glucose repression of these rha genes correlate with the uptake, or lack of it, of the inducing carbon source L-rhamnose, suggesting a prominent role for inducer exclusion in repression. CONCLUSIONS The A. nidulans rhaE gene encodes an α-L-rhamnosidase phylogenetically distant to those described in filamentous fungi, and its expression is regulated by a novel CreA-independent mechanism. The identification of rhaE and the characterization of its regulation will facilitate the design of strategies to overproduce the encoded enzyme - or homologs from other fungi - for industrial applications. Moreover, A. nidulans α-L-rhamnosidase encoding genes could serve as prototypes for fungal genes coding for plant cell wall degrading enzymes regulated by a novel mechanism of CCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Tamayo-Ramos
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Present address: Fungal Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Pardo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Manzanares
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Margarita Orejas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Updates on naringinase: structural and biotechnological aspects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:49-60. [PMID: 22080346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Naringinases has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years due to its hydrolytic activities which include the production of rhamnose, and prunin and debittering of citrus fruit juices. While this enzyme is widely distributed in fungi, its production from bacterial sources is less commonly known. Fungal naringinase are very important as they are used industrially in large amounts and have been extensively studied during the past decade. In this article, production of bacterial naringinase and potential biotechnological applications are discussed. Bacterial rhamnosidases are exotype enzymes that hydrolyse terminal non-reducing α-L-rhamnosyl groups from α-L-rhamnose containing polysaccharides and glycosides. Structurally, they are classified into family 78 of glycoside hydrolases and characterized by the presence of Asp567 and Glu841 in their active site. Optimization of fermentation conditions and enzyme engineering will allow the development of improved rhamnosidases for advancing suggested industrial applications.
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Vila-Real H, Alfaia AJ, Bronze MR, Calado ART, Ribeiro MHL. Enzymatic Synthesis of the Flavone Glucosides, Prunin and Isoquercetin, and the Aglycones, Naringenin and Quercetin, with Selective α-L-Rhamnosidase and β-D-Glucosidase Activities of Naringinase. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:692618. [PMID: 21941631 PMCID: PMC3173969 DOI: 10.4061/2011/692618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of flavonoid glycosides by removing rhamnose from
rutinosides can be accomplished through enzymatic catalysis.
Naringinase is an enzyme complex, expressing both α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities, with application in glycosides
hydrolysis. To produce monoglycosylated flavonoids with naringinase,
the expression of β-D-glucosidase activity is not desirable leading to the
need of expensive methods for α-L-rhamnosidase purification. Therefore, the main purpose
of this study was the inactivation of β-D-glucosidase activity expressed by naringinase keeping α-L-rhamnosidase with a high retention activity. Response
surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of
temperature and pH on β-D-glucosidase inactivation. A selective inactivation of β-D-glucosidase activity of naringinase was achieved at 81.5°C and pH 3.9, keeping a very high residual activity of α-L-rhamnosidase (78%). This was a crucial achievement
towards an easy and cheap production method of very expensive
flavonoids, like prunin and isoquercetin starting from naringin and
rutin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Vila-Real
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (i-Med-UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenue Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Purification and characterization of a novel alkaline α-L-rhamnosidase produced by Acrostalagmus luteo albus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1515-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Rodríguez M, Lopes C, Valles S, Caballero A. Characterization of α-rhamnosidase activity from a Patagonian Pichia guilliermondii wine strain. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:2206-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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The rutin catabolic pathway with special emphasis on quercetinase. Biodegradation 2010; 21:833-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Characterization of an α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus kawachii and its gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:1007-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Deactivation Kinetics and Response Surface Analysis of the Stability of α-l-Rhamnosidase from Penicillium decumbens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 152:29-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Immobilization of a recombinant Escherichia coli producing a thermostable α-l-rhamnosidase: Creation of a bioreactor for hydrolyses of naringin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Cold-active α-l-rhamnosidase from psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from a sub-Antarctic ecosystem. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Birgisson H, Hreggvidsson GO, Fridjónsson OH, Mort A, Kristjánsson JK, Mattiasson B. Two new thermostable α-l-rhamnosidases from a novel thermophilic bacterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Monti D, Pisvejcová A, Kren V, Lama M, Riva S. Generation of an ?-L-rhamnosidase library and its application for the selective derhamnosylation of natural products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:763-71. [PMID: 15329934 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A screening of 16 different fungal strains was performed under different cultivation conditions, using L-rhamnose or L-rhamnose-containing flavonoid glycosides (rutin, hesperidin, and naringin) as specific inducers. No significant constitutive production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases was detected in noninduced cultures, while high levels of these glycosidase activities were obtained using different inducers. New species, so far unknown for the production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases, were identified. More than 30 different alpha-L-rhamnosidase samples were prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Substrate specificity of this alpha-L-rhamnosidase library was tested with various L-rhamnose-containing natural compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins). Most of the enzymatic preparations showed broad substrate specificity, and some of them were also acting on sterically hindered substrates (e.g., quercitrin). The screening of the library under different reaction conditions showed the coexistence, in the same preparation, of more than one alpha-L-rhamnosidase activities with different substrate specificity and different stability towards organic cosolvents. To exploit this enzymatic library for synthetic applications, the presence of contaminating alpha-L-arabinosidases and beta-D-glucosidases was investigated. The latter enzymes were observed in several preparations, while alpha-L-arabinosidase content was generally quite low. The selective derhamnosylation of the saponin desglucoruscin was performed on a preparative scale. The enzyme obtained by rhamnose induction of the Aspergillus niger K2 CCIM strain showed high activity towards this substrate and negligible alpha-L-arabinosidase contamination. Therefore, it was chosen as a catalyst for the selective derhamnosylation reaction, which provided the desired product in 70% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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