1
|
Ji R, Guan L, Hu Z, Cheng Y, Cai M, Zhao G, Zang J. A comprehensive review on hemocyanin from marine products: Structure, functions, its implications for the food industry and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132041. [PMID: 38705315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein, is widely distributed in the hemolymph of marine arthropods and mollusks, playing an important role in their physiological processes. Recently, hemocyanin has been recognized as a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the immunological responses of aquatic invertebrates. Consequently, the link between hemocyanin functions and their potential applications has garnered increased attention. This review offers an integrated overview of hemocyanin's structure, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactivities to further promote the utilization of hemocyanin derived from marine products. Specifically, we review its implication in two aspects of food and aquaculture industries: quality and health. Hemocyanin's inducible phenoloxidase activity is thought to be an inducer of melanosis in crustaceans. New anti-melanosis agents targeted to hemocyanin need to be explored. The red-color change observed in shrimp shells is related to hemocyanin, affecting consumer preferences. Hemocyanin's adaptive modification in response to the aquatic environment is available as a biomarker. Additionally, hemocyanin is endowed with bioactivities encompassing anti-microbial, antiviral, and therapeutic activities. Hemocyanin is also a novel allergen and its allergenic features remain incompletely characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yishen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The evolutionary adaptation of shrimp hemocyanin subtypes and the consequences on their structure and functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109347. [PMID: 38160900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the main respiratory protein of arthropods and is formed by hexameric and/or oligomeric subunits. Due to changes in the living environment and gene rearrangement, various hemocyanin subtypes and subunits evolved in crustaceans. This paper reviews the various hemocyanin subtypes and isoforms in shrimp and analyses published genomic data of sixteen hemocyanin family genes from Litopenaeus vannamei to explore the evolution of hemocyanin genes, subunits, and protein structure. Analysis of hemocyanin subtypes distribution and structure in various tissues was also performed and related to multiple and tissue-specific functions, i.e., immunological activity, immune signaling, phenoloxidase activity, modulation of microbiota homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The functional diversity of shrimp hemocyanin due to molecular polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, degradation into functional peptides, interaction with other proteins or genes, and structural differences will also be highlighted for future research. Inferences would be drawn from other crustaceans to explain how evolution has changed the structure-function of hemocyanin and its implication for evolutionary research into the multifunctionality of hemocyanin and other related proteins in shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mengal K, Kor G, Siino V, Buřič M, Kozák P, Levander F, Niksirat H. Quantification of proteomic profile changes in the hemolymph of crayfish during in vitro coagulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104760. [PMID: 37331675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymph is the circulatory fluid that fills the body cavity of crustaceans, analogous to blood in vertebrates. Hemolymph coagulation, similar to blood clotting in vertebrates, plays a crucial role in wound healing and innate immune responses. Despite extensive studies on the clotting process in crustaceans, no comparative quantitative analysis of the protein composition of non-clotted and clotted hemolymph in any decapod has been reported. In this study, we used label-free protein quantification with high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify the proteomic profile of hemolymph in crayfish and quantify significant changes in protein abundances between non-clotted and clotted hemolymph. Our analysis identified a total of two-hundred and nineteen proteins in both hemolymph groups. Furthermore, we discussed the potential functions of the top most high and low-abundant proteins in hemolymph proteomic profile. The quantity of most of the proteins was not significantly changed during coagulation between non-clotted and clotted hemolymph, which may indicate that clotting proteins are likely pre-synthesized, allowing for a swift coagulation response to injury. Four proteins still showed abundance differences (p < 0.05, fold change>2), including C-type lectin domain-containing proteins, Laminin A chain, Tropomyosin, and Reverse transcriptase domain-containing proteins. While the first three proteins were down-regulated, the last one was up-regulated. The down-regulation of structural and cytoskeletal proteins may affect the process of hemocyte degranulation needed for coagulation, while the up-regulation of an immune-related protein might be attributed to the phagocytosis ability of viable hemocytes during coagulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kifayatullah Mengal
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Golara Kor
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Siino
- Lund University, Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, House 406, 22387, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Lund University, Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, House 406, 22387, Lund, Sweden; National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, 223 87, Sweden
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Biofilm Inhibitory Properties of Hemocyanin from Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11494. [PMID: 37511256 PMCID: PMC10380319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs, which are cultured in aquafarms. Diseases greatly affect these aquatic organisms in culture and, hence, there is need to study, in detail, their innate immune mechanisms. Hemocyanin is a non-specific innate defense molecule present in the blood cells of several invertebrates, especially molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. It is concerned with oxygen transport, blood clotting, and immune enhancement. In the present study, this macromolecular metalloprotein was isolated from the hemolymph of the marine snail Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778) using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography. It occurred as a single band (MW 80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the purified hemocyanin showed a single peak with a retention time of 4.3 min. The secondary structure and stability of the protein were detected using circular dichroism (CD), and the spectra demonstrated negative ellipticity bands close to 208 nm and 225 nm, indicating β-sheets. Further exploration of the purified hemocyanin revealed remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) at a concentration of 1-5 μg/mL. Spectrophotometric and in situ microscopic analyses (CLSM) unveiled the potential of the purified hemocyanin to inhibit biofilm formation in these bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, H. pugilinus hemocyanin (10 μg/mL concentration) displayed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The purified hemocyanin was also assessed for cytotoxicity against human cancer cells using cell viability assays. Altogether, the present study shows that molluscan hemocyanin is a potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent, with great scope for application in the enhancement of the immune system of molluscs, thereby facilitating their aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dilna C, Prasanth GK, Ghufran MS, Soni P, Kanade SR, Duddukuri GR. Purification and characterization of a hemocyanin with lectin-like activity isolated from the hemolymph of speckled shrimp, Metapenaeusmonoceros. Biochimie 2023; 206:36-48. [PMID: 36216224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lectins or agglutinins are mainly proteins or glycoproteins, reported to uphold an ability to agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) with a known sugar specificity in a diverse group of organisms. In the present study, we purified a hemocyanin (named as MmHc) from a shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros by size-exclusion chromatography. Further characterization revealed that the purified MmHc showed hemagglutination activity that was found to be specifically inhibited by Lewis B and Lewis Y tetrasaccharides. The MmHc displayed two oligomers of molecular weight approximately ∼78 and ∼85 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The native molecular mass of MmHc was found to be ∼457 kDa as determined by size-exclusion chromatography which indicated that the purified MmHc is an oligomeric protein. MmHc showed a maximum activity within pH 7.0-8.0, while a wide range of temperature stability was observed between 4 to 55 °C, however, it did not show any dependency on metal ions for binding. Subsequently, the analysis of the peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) identified the purified MmHc as shrimp hemocyanin showing significant similarity to the hemocyanin of Penaeus vannamei. The results of multiple sequence alignment and detailed analysis of the molecular interactions predicted by AutoDock suggested that besides the oxygen carrier function, this MmHc may have multiple roles and can interact well with the Lewis Y antigen through a typical sugar binding motif containing the similar hydrophilic amino acids as the conserved residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Dilna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Ganesh K Prasanth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Md Sajid Ghufran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Priyanka Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasargod, 671316, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin D, Sun LC, Chen YL, Liu GM, Miao S, Cao MJ. Shrimp spoilage mechanisms and functional films/coatings used to maintain and monitor its quality during storage. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Coates CJ, Belato FA, Halanych KM, Costa-Paiva EM. Structure-Function Relationships of Oxygen Transport Proteins in Marine Invertebrates Enduring Higher Temperatures and Deoxygenation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:134-148. [PMID: 36548976 DOI: 10.1086/722472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPredictions for climate change-to lesser and greater extents-reveal a common scenario in which marine waters are characterized by a deadly trio of stressors: higher temperatures, lower oxygen levels, and acidification. Ectothermic taxa that inhabit coastal waters, such as shellfish, are vulnerable to rapid and prolonged environmental disturbances, such as heatwaves, pollution-induced eutrophication, and dysoxia. Oxygen transport capacity of the hemolymph (blood equivalent) is considered the proximal driver of thermotolerance and respiration in many invertebrates. Moreover, maintaining homeostasis under environmental duress is inextricably linked to the activities of the hemolymph-based oxygen transport or binding proteins. Several protein groups fulfill this role in marine invertebrates: copper-based extracellular hemocyanins, iron-based intracellular hemoglobins and hemerythrins, and giant extracellular hemoglobins. In this brief text, we revisit the distribution and multifunctional properties of oxygen transport proteins, notably hemocyanins, in the context of climate change, and the consequent physiological reprogramming of marine invertebrates.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ishwarya R, Iswarya A, Thangaviji V, Sivakamavalli J, Esteban MA, Thangaraj MP, Vaseeharan B. Immunological and antibiofilm property of haemocyanin purified from grooved tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus): An in vitro and in silico approach. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104253. [PMID: 32592822 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemocyanin (Hc) is a non-specific innate immune protein present in the haemolymph of arthropods and molluscs. In the current study, we characterized the structural and immunological properties of Hc from grooved tiger shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus. Hc was isolated from the haemolymph of P. semisulcatus by gel filtration column chromatography using Sephadex G-100. High-performance liquid chromatography of the purified Hc emerged as a single peak through a retention time of 3.3 min demonstrating the homogeneity nature of the protein. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a distinct peak at 31.7° indicating the crystalline character of the purified Hc. Circular dichroism spectra of the purified Hc displayed negative ellipticity bands close to 225 nm and 208 nm representing β-sheet secondary structure. The purified Hc agglutinated sheep RBCs, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fungal Candida albicans. In addition, the purified Hc displayed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus pumilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus) with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/ml. Antibiofilm activity revealed the potential of purified Hc to inhibit biofilm formation of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, live/dead staining of biofilms demonstrated the reduced viability of bacterial cells after exposure to the purified Hc. In silico molecular modeling was carried out using the sequence of Hc from SwissProt and molecular docking was performed with the cell surface components found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall our study demonstrates the involvement of Hc in the native immune reaction of P. semisulcatus by eliciting pathogen recognition. Thus, Hc could enhance disease resistance against pathogenic infection in shrimp aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Ishwarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arokiadas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijayaragavan Thangaviji
- Centre for Animal Science Research and Extension Services, Foundation for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Kelavannanvilai, NGO Colony Road, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jayachandran Sivakamavalli
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Merlin P Thangaraj
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E5, Canada.
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The effect of different melanosis-inhibiting blends on the quality of frozen deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Sae-Leaw T, Benjakul S. Distribution and Characteristics of Polyphenoloxidase from Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). J Food Sci 2019; 84:1078-1086. [PMID: 30958915 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from different anatomical parts of Pacific white shrimp was examined. Among all parts, cephalothorax possessed the maximal PPO activity (P < 0.05), followed by pereopods, telson, pleopods, carapace, cuticle, and muscle, respectively. The higher PPO activity in cephalothorax was in line with the greater melanosis in this part during chilled storage. According to activity-staining toward 3,4-dihydroxy-ʟ-phenylalanine (ʟ-DOPA), PPO exhibited an activity band with a molecular weight (MW) of 210 kDa. When cephalothorax PPO was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of chromatographic techniques, involving DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration columns, homogeneity was obtained. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native-PAGE, the Sephadex G-75 fraction showed a single band. The MW band on SDS-PAGE and gel filtration was estimated as 210 kDa, suggesting a monomeric molecule. For the inhibitor study, cysteine and 4-hexylresorcinol showed competitive inhibition toward PPO, while epigallocatechin gallate and kojic acid demonstrated mixed-type inhibition toward PPO. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Melanosis (black spot formation) triggered by polyphenoloxidase (PPO) drastically reduces the shelf-life of shrimp. PPO was localized in several anatomical parts of Pacific white shrimp with varying activities. Certain compounds, including cysteine, 4-hexylresorcinol, epigallocatechin gallate, and kojic acid, showed PPO inhibitory activity with different modes of inhibition. The obtained information provided a promising method for manufacturers to keep the prime eating quality of Pacific white shrimp throughout postmortem transportation and storage using selected PPO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanasak Sae-Leaw
- Authors are with Faculty of Agro-Industry, Dept. of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla Univ., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Authors are with Faculty of Agro-Industry, Dept. of Food Technology, Prince of Songkla Univ., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
López-Caballero M, Martínez-Álvarez O, Gómez-Guillén M, Montero P. Several melanosis-inhibiting formulas to enhance the quality of deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
12
|
Lian F, Måge I, Lorentzen G, Siikavuopio SI, Øverbø K, Vang B, Lindberg D. Exploring the effect of inhibitors, cooking and freezing on melanosis in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) clusters. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Zhao Q, Wu B, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhou L, Yang A, Zhang G. Molecular cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of hemoglobin gene from ark shell Scapharca broughtonii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:60-68. [PMID: 29649584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin, the main component of haemolymph, is widely distributed in animals. Although its important oxygen transport functions has been extensively reported, studies on the immune function of hemoglobin in mollusc are few. Research on immune of hemoglobin of ark shell Scapharca broughtonii attracted more and more attention due to its ownership of erythrocyte comparing with many other shellfish. In this study, the hemoglobin cDNA of S. broughtonii was cloned by EST and RACE methods (named as SbHb). Sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA was 946 bp in length, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 459 bp which encoded a polypeptide of 152 amino acid residues, and a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 313 bp, a 3'-UTR of 174 bp. Sequence and homology analysis showed that the SbHb shared similarity with that of other related species. The mRNA expression profiles of SbHb in tested tissues analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the mRNA of SbHb could be all detected in foot, gill, mantle, adductor muscle, haemocytes and hepatopancreas, and the highest level was found in the haemocytes, which is 163.2 times higher than that in adductor muscle. Vibrio anguillarum stimulation and hypoxia treatment both had significant impact on the expression of SbHb, which showed the same trends as increasing first to the highest at 16 h after treatment and then followed by declining. Recombinant protein of SbHb (rSbHb) was successfully obtained by prokaryotic expression, and further function analysis indicated obviously that the rSbHb had very strong phenoloxidase-like activity (PO-like activity) and it could remarkably inhibit growth of gram-negative bacteria V. anguillarum. All the data suggested that the SbHb plays a significant role in the process of antibacterial and anoxia tolerance reaction in S. broughtonii, providing the evidence that SbHb is a key immune factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, PR China.
| | - Xiujun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, PR China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, PR China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266273, PR China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phenoloxidase activity in humoral plasma, hemocyanin and hemocyanin separated proteins of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:977-985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Trincone A. Enzymatic Processes in Marine Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E93. [PMID: 28346336 PMCID: PMC5408239 DOI: 10.3390/md15040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous review articles the attention of the biocatalytically oriented scientific community towards the marine environment as a source of biocatalysts focused on the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes. Updates have already appeared in the literature, including marine examples of oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases ready for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here a new approach for searching the literature and presenting a more refined analysis is adopted with respect to previous surveys, centering the attention on the enzymatic process rather than on a single novel activity. Fields of applications are easily individuated: (i) the biorefinery value-chain, where the provision of biomass is one of the most important aspects, with aquaculture as the prominent sector; (ii) the food industry, where the interest in the marine domain is similarly developed to deal with the enzymatic procedures adopted in food manipulation; (iii) the selective and easy extraction/modification of structurally complex marine molecules, where enzymatic treatments are a recognized tool to improve efficiency and selectivity; and (iv) marine biomarkers and derived applications (bioremediation) in pollution monitoring are also included in that these studies could be of high significance for the appreciation of marine bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cation metals specific hemocyanin exhibits differential antibacterial property in mud crab, Scylla serrata. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Fujieda N, Itoh S. Controlling Dicopper Protein Functions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Bris CL, Cudennec B, Dhulster P, Drider D, Duflos G, Grard T. Melanosis in Penaeus monodon: Involvement of the Laccase-like Activity of Hemocyanin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:663-670. [PMID: 26671070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the development of postmortem melanosis resulting from phenoloxidase activities leads to important economic losses. Phenoloxidase enzymes include catechol oxidases, laccases, and tyrosinases, but hemocyanin is also capable of phenoloxidase activities. These activities have been explored in Penaeus monodon, using different substrates. Results highlighted that tyrosinase-specific substrates were little oxidized, whereas hydroquinone (laccase-specific substrate) was more highly oxidized than l-DOPA (nonspecific substrate) in the pereopods and pleopods. Global phenoloxidase activity, assayed with l-DOPA, did not appear thermally stable over time and probably resulted from phenoloxidase enzymes. Conversely, the laccase-like activity assayed with hydroquinone was thermally stable over time, reflecting the thermal stability of hemocyanin. Independently of the anatomical compartment, the temperature, or the substrate, the highest activities were assayed in the cuticular compartments. This study demonstrates the complexity of phenoloxidase activities in P. monodon, and the importance of considering all the activities, including laccase-like activities such as that of hemocyanin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Le Bris
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
- Université Artois , F-62000 Arras, France
- INRA , France
- ISA , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascal Dhulster
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
- Université Lille , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments-Département des Produits de la Pêche et de l'Aquaculture , Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Thierry Grard
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette , F-62200 Boulogne sur Mer, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Nirmal NP, Benjakul S, Ahmad M, Arfat YA, Panichayupakaranant P. Undesirable Enzymatic Browning in Crustaceans: Causative Effects and Its Inhibition by Phenolic Compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:1992-2003. [PMID: 25584522 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.755148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Huang W, Ji H, Liu S, Zhang C, Chen Y, Guo M, Hao J. Inactivation effects and kinetics of polyphenol oxidase from Litopenaeus vannamei by ultra-high pressure and heat. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Dinçer T, Cadun A, Aydın I, Metin C, Cakli S. Determination of the Tissue Distribution of PPO on Caramote Prawn (Melicertus kerathurus,Forskal, 1755) and Jinga Shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis,H. Milne Edwards, 1837) Caught from Izmir. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2013.777950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
23
|
Loc NH, MacRae TH, Musa N, Bin Abdullah MDD, Abdul Wahid ME, Sung YY. Non-lethal heat shock increased Hsp70 and immune protein transcripts but not Vibrio tolerance in the white-leg shrimp. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73199. [PMID: 24039886 PMCID: PMC3767838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal heat shock boosts bacterial and viral disease tolerance in shrimp, possibly due to increases in endogenous heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and/or immune proteins. To further understand the mechanisms protecting shrimp against infection, Hsp70 and the mRNAs encoding the immune-related proteins prophenoloxidase (proPO), peroxinectin, penaeidin, crustin and hemocyanin were studied in post-larvae of the white-leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, following a non-lethal heat shock. As indicated by RT-qPCR, a 30 min abrupt heat shock increased Hsp70 mRNA in comparison to non-heated animals. Immunoprobing of western blots and quantification by ELISA revealed that Hsp70 production after heat shock was correlated with enhanced Hsp70 mRNA. proPO and hemocyanin mRNA levels were augmented, whereas peroxinectin and crustin mRNA levels were unchanged following non-lethal heat shock. Penaeidin mRNA was decreased by all heat shock treatments. Thirty min abrupt heat shock failed to improve survival of post-larvae in a standardized challenge test with Vibrio harveyi, indicating that under the conditions of this study, L. vannamei tolerance to Vibrio infection was influenced neither by Hsp70 accumulation nor the changes in the immune-related proteins, observations dissimilar to other shrimp species examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Loc
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Thomas H. MacRae
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Najiah Musa
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Danish Daniel Bin Abdullah
- Department of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Department of Aquaculture Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Idakieva K, Raynova Y, Meersman F, Gielens C. Phenoloxidase activity and thermostability of Cancer pagurus and Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 164:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Glazer L, Tom M, Weil S, Roth Z, Khalaila I, Mittelman B, Sagi A. Hemocyanin with phenoloxidase activity in the chitin matrix of the crayfish gastrolith. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:1898-904. [PMID: 23393281 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastroliths are transient extracellular calcium deposits formed by the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens on both sides of the stomach wall during pre-molt. Gastroliths are made of a rigid chitinous organic matrix, constructed as sclerotized chitin-protein microfibrils within which calcium carbonate is deposited. Although gastroliths share many characteristics with the exoskeleton, they are simpler in structure and relatively homogeneous in composition, making them an excellent cuticle-like model for the study of cuticular proteins. In searching for molt-related proteins involved in gastrolith formation, two integrated approaches were employed, namely the isolation and mass spectrometric analysis of proteins from the gastrolith matrix, and 454-sequencing of mRNAs from both the gastrolith-forming and sub-cuticular epithelia. SDS-PAGE separation of gastrolith proteins revealed a set of bands at apparent molecular masses of 75-85 kDa; mass spectrometry data matched peptide sequences from the deduced amino acid sequences of seven hemocyanin transcripts. This assignment was then examined by immunoblot analysis using anti-hemocyanin antibodies, also used to determine the spatial distribution of the proteins in situ. Apart from contributing to oxygen transport, crustacean hemocyanins were previously suggested to be involved in several aspects of the molt cycle, including hardening of the new post-molt exoskeleton via phenoloxidation. The phenoloxidase activity of gastrolith hemocyanins was demonstrated. It was also noted that hemocyanin transcript expression during pre-molt was specific to the hepatopancreas. Our results thus reflect a set of functionally versatile proteins, expressed in a remote metabolic tissue and dispersed via the hemolymph to perform different roles in various organs and structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilah Glazer
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wright J, Clark WM, Cain JA, Patterson A, Coates CJ, Nairn J. Effects of known phenoloxidase inhibitors on hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase from Limulus polyphemus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 163:303-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
27
|
Bono G, Badalucco C, Corrao A, Cusumano S, Mammina L, Palmegiano GB. Effect of temporal variation, gender and size on cuticle polyphenol oxidase activity in deep-water rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Fujieda N, Yakiyama A, Itoh S. Five monomeric hemocyanin subunits from Portunus trituberculatus: Purification, spectroscopic characterization, and quantitative evaluation of phenol monooxygenase activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:2128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Giménez B, Martínez-Alvarez Ó, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MDC. Characterization of phenoloxidase activity of carapace and viscera from cephalothorax of Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Nirmal NP, Benjakul S. Effect of catechin and ferulic acid on melanosis and quality of Pacific white shrimp subjected to prior freeze–thawing during refrigerated storage. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Huang J, Yang Y, Wang A. Reconsideration of phenoloxidase activity determination in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 28:240-244. [PMID: 19825418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Though phenoloxidase (PO) activity has been used as an important index in immunological research of crustaceans, methods for the determination of PO activity are not consistent even for the same species. Plasma, the major location of PO activity, should be the most reasonable sample, instead of hemocytes or serum, for the determination of PO activity of shrimp. The current study provided a thorough characterization and reconsideration for PO activity assay in the plasma of Litopenaeus vannamei. Results show that the final concentration of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) for PO activity assay should be no less than 1.5 mg ml(-1), and pH 6.6 should be used to maintain the stability of l-DOPA solution. This study provides direct evidence that PO activity is significantly inhibited by EDTA, and it is suggested to use EDTA-free anticoagulant in separating plasma for PO activity assay in future studies. Repeated measurements indicated that the assayed PO activities are significantly affected by preservation conditions, and plasma is quite unstable with spontaneous activation when put in ice or stored at -20 degrees C. Thus samples need to be measured immediately or preserved at -80 degrees C with assay as soon as possible after it is thawed, and should not be preserved for a second time for measuring PO activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwa Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fujieda N, Yakiyama A, Itoh S. Catalytic oxygenation of phenols by arthropod hemocyanin, an oxygen carrier protein, from Portunus trituberculatus. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:3083-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c000760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Identification and characterization of a hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase from the crab Charybdis japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 152:144-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Zamorano JP, Martínez-Álvarez O, Montero P, Gómez-Guillén MDC. Characterisation and tissue distribution of polyphenol oxidase of deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris). Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Martínez-Alvarez O, Gómez-Guillén C, Montero P. Presence of hemocyanin with diphenoloxidase activity in deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) post mortem. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
36
|
Perdomo-Morales R, Montero-Alejo V, Perera E, Pardo-Ruiz Z, Alonso-Jiménez E. Hemocyanin-derived phenoloxidase activity in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:652-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
37
|
Lei K, Li F, Zhang M, Yang H, Luo T, Xu X. Difference between hemocyanin subunits from shrimp Penaeus japonicus in anti-WSSV defense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:808-813. [PMID: 18234332 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, the respiratory protein of arthropods and mollusks, was found to function against bacterial and fungal invasion. In this study, we show that this protein complex could delay the infection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in vivo and cloned two hemocyanin subunits genes (PjHcL and PjHcY) from the shrimp Penaeus japonicus. Further investigation of their transcriptional regulation during viral invasion showed that in contrast to subunit PjHcY, PjHcL expression could be strongly induced by WSSV infection. These findings not only reveal an important role of hemocyanin in shrimp antiviral defense but also suggest a possible discrepancy between the two subunits in shrimp innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Lei
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
López-Caballero ME, Martínez-Alvarez O, Gómez-Guillén MDC, Montero P. Quality of thawed deepwater pink shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) treated with melanosis-inhibiting formulations during chilled storage. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Decker H, Schweikardt T, Nillius D, Salzbrunn U, Jaenicke E, Tuczek F. Similar enzyme activation and catalysis in hemocyanins and tyrosinases. Gene 2007; 398:183-91. [PMID: 17566671 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the common features and differences of the type 3 copper proteins with respect to their structure and function. In spite of these differences a common mechanism of activation and catalysis seems to have been preserved throughout evolution. In all cases the inactive proenzymes such as tyrosinase and catecholoxidase are activated by removal of an amino acid blocking the entrance channel to the active site. No other modification at the active site seems to be necessary to enable catalytic activity. Hemocyanins, the oxygen carriers in many invertebrates, also behave as silent inactive enzymes and can be activated in the same way. The molecular basis of the catalytic process is presented based on recent crystal structures of tyrosinase and hemocyanin. Minor conformational differences at the active site seem to decide about whether the active site is only able to oxidize diphenols as in catecholoxidase or if it is also able to o-hydroxylate monophenols as in tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Decker
- Institut für Molekulare Biophysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Polyphenoloxidase and Its Thermal Deactivation in Western Rock Lobster (Panulirus cygnus) Processing. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1300/j030v16n01_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
41
|
Adachi K, Endo H, Watanabe T, Nishioka T, Hirata T. Hemocyanin in the exoskeleton of crustaceans: enzymatic properties and immunolocalization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:136-43. [PMID: 15760343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the enzymatic properties and immunohistochemical localization of cuticular hemocyanin, a known oxygen transporter in the prawn Penaeus japonicus. The molecular weight of hemocyanin purified from the cuticle was estimated to be 67-77 k using SDS-PAGE, and the purified protein was effectively converted into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme by an SDS-treatment. The activated enzyme catalyzed the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols and was inhibited by typical inhibitors of phenoloxidase. These characteristics were nearly identical to the enzymatic properties of hemolymph hemocyanin. Immunological detection showed a diffuse distribution of hemocyanin over the exocuticle and endocuticle, and a higher signal level was observed in the latter. Based on these results, roles of hemocyanin in various physiological processes such as immune response and sclerotization of the cuticle were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Adachi
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Adachi K, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Miyamoto N, Kokubo T, Nishioka T, Hirata T. An oxygen transporter hemocyanin can act on the late pathway of melanin synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:214-9. [PMID: 15892718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
5,6-Dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) are precursors of eumelanin. The effects of crustacean hemolymph proteins on these eumelanin-related metabolites were investigated. Zymogram analysis indicated that polymers of hemocyanin (Hc) subunits converted DHI into black pigment while no effects were observed using DHICA as a substrate. Spectrum changes for mixtures of purified Hc and DHI showed a profile similar to oxidized DHI by mushroom tyrosinase while Hc had only slight effects on DHICA. Typical inhibitors of tyrosinase and phenoloxidase severely hampered the production of oxidized DHI. Taken together with previous results, these data indicate that Hc plays a crucial role in the conversion of DHI in the hemolymph of crustaceans, which promotes late reactions in the melanin synthetic pathway as well as early reactions (oxidation of tyrosine and DOPA to dopaquinone).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Adachi
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
A major innate defense system in invertebrates is the melanization of pathogens and damaged tissues. This important process is controlled by the enzyme phenoloxidase (PO) that in turn is regulated in a highly elaborate manner for avoiding unnecessary production of highly toxic and reactive compounds. Recent progress, especially in arthropods, in the elucidation of mechanisms controlling the activation of zymogenic proPO into active PO by a cascade of serine proteinases and other factors is reviewed. The proPO-activating system (proPO system) is triggered by the presence of minute amounts of compounds of microbial origins, such as beta-1,3-glucans, lipopolysaccharides, and peptidoglycans, which ensures that the system will become active in the presence of potential pathogens. The presence of specific proteinase inhibitors prevents superfluous activation. Concomitant with proPO activation, many other immune reactions will be produced, such as the generation of factors with anti-microbial, cytotoxic, opsonic, or encapsulation-promoting activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lage Cerenius
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Adachi K, Hirata T, Fujio A, Nishioka T, Sakaguchi M. A 160-kDa Protein Is Essential for Hemocyanin-derived Melanosis of Prawn. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Adachi K, Hirata T, Nishioka T, Sakaguchi M. Hemocyte components in crustaceans convert hemocyanin into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 134:135-41. [PMID: 12524041 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The functional conversion of hemocyanin (Hc), an oxygen transporter, into an enzyme was investigated in crustaceans. Hc is converted into a phenoloxidase-like enzyme by hemocyte components, which is triggered by beta-1,3-glucan. This activation is severely hampered with leupeptin and E-64 treatment, indicating that the serine/cysteine proteases in the hemocytes are involved in the activation. In a SDS-PAGE-analysis, no change was observed between normal and activated Hc under reduced conditions. However, under non-reduced condition of normal Hc, several minor bands were observed at oligomeric position of Hc subunit, which disappeared upon activation. These results indicate that a split of the reductive bond, such as the disulfide bond between subunits, is essential for Hc activation. This is the first report to show the enzymatic conversion of Hc and the presence of the covalent bond in the Hc subunit of crustaceans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Adachi
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|