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Zaręba D, Ziarno M. Tween 80™-induced changes in fatty acid profile of selected mesophilic lactobacilli. Acta Biochim Pol 2024; 71:13014. [PMID: 39027262 PMCID: PMC11254618 DOI: 10.3389/abp.2024.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid profiles are crucial for the functionality and viability of lactobacilli used in food applications. Tween 80™, a common culture media additive, is known to influence bacterial growth and composition. This study investigated how Tween 80™ supplementation impacts the fatty acid profiles of six mesophilic lactobacilli strains (Lacticaseibacillus spp., Limosilactobacillus spp., Lactiplantibacillus plantarum). Analysis of eleven strains revealed 29 distinct fatty acids. Tween 80™ supplementation significantly altered their fatty acid composition. Notably, there was a shift towards saturated fatty acids and changes within the unsaturated fatty acid profile. While some unsaturated fatty acids decreased, there was a concurrent rise in cyclic derivatives like lactobacillic acid (derived from vaccenic acid) and dihydrosterculic acid (derived from oleic acid). This suggests that despite the presence of Tween 80™ as an oleic acid source, lactobacilli prioritize the synthesis of these cyclic derivatives from precursor unsaturated fatty acids. Myristic acid and dihydrosterculic acid levels varied across strains. Interestingly, palmitic acid content increased, potentially reflecting enhanced incorporation of oleic acid from Tween 80™ into membranes. Conversely, cis-vaccenic acid levels consistently decreased across all strains. The observed fatty acid profiles differed from previous studies, likely due to a combination of factors including strain-specific variations and growth condition differences (media type, temperature, harvesting point). However, this study highlights the consistent impact of Tween 80™ on the fatty acid composition of lactobacilli, regardless of these variations. In conclusion, Tween 80™ significantly alters fatty acid profiles, influencing saturation levels and specific fatty acid proportions. This work reveals key factors, including stimulated synthesis of lactobacillic acid, competition for oleic acid incorporation, and strain-specific responses to myristic and dihydrosterculic acids. The consistent reduction in cis-vaccenic acid and the presence of cyclic derivatives warrant further investigation to elucidate their roles in response to Tween 80™ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zaręba
- Professor E. Pijanowski Catering School Complex in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ziarno
- Institute of Food Science, Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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Temimi WKAAL, Kadhim MA, Khalaf AA. Partial purification of linoleic acid isomerase enzyme from Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria isolated from milk. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e258276. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.258276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, especially that of microbial origin due to its biological importance to the consumer. The current study aims to extract LA Isomerase enzyme from Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria from milk and to use the enzyme in the production of CLA. Selective media, including MRS and MRS-Dagatose, were used in isolating local strains. The selected bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to produce LA-Isomerase enzyme. The isolate with high enzymatic activity was selected. After extraction and partial purification of the enzyme, the optimal conditions for the production of conjugated fatty acid were studied, and the reaction products were diagnosed using GC-MS technology. It was found that 11 isolates have the ability to produce CLA at different concentrations, H1 isolate showed the highest production of conjugated fatty acid at a concentration of 120.45 g.ml-1, this isolate was selected as the source for enzyme extraction. The enzymatic activity of the crude extract and partially purified with ammonium sulfate was estimated using color methods at wavelength of 233 nm. The effect of the optimum conditions (pH, temperature, linoleic acid concentration and enzyme concentration) on the CLA product was studied using the partially purified LA Isomerase enzyme, the optimum conditions for production were 6.5, 45 °C, 100 μg.ml-1 and 0.7 ml, respectively. The GC-MS technique showed the presence of a number of reaction products that are isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (C9T11, T9T12, T10C12) with different concentrations.
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Lee JS, Hyun IK, Yoon JW, Seo HJ, Kang SS. Bioconversion Products of Whey by Lactic Acid Bacteria Exert Anti-Adipogenic Effect. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:145-152. [PMID: 33506224 PMCID: PMC7810400 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial bioconversion using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides several human
health benefits. Although whey and whey-derived bioactive compounds can
contribute to an improvement in human health, the potential anti-obesity effect
of whey bioconversion by LAB has not been well studied. This study aimed to
investigate whether bioconversion of whey by Pediococcus
pentosaceus KI31 and Lactobacillus sakei KI36
(KI31-W and KI36-W, respectively) inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation.
Both KI31-W and KI36-W reduced intracellular lipid accumulation significantly,
without decreasing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation. In addition,
obesity-related transcription factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
γ) and genes (adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein
lipase) were down-regulated significantly in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence of
KI31-W and KI36-W. Collectively, these results suggest that bioconversion of
whey by LAB exhibits anti-adipogenic activity and may be applied as a
therapeutic agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - In Kyung Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea
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Evaluation of ginsenoside bioconversion of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:524-530. [PMID: 29021699 PMCID: PMC5628348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax ginseng is a physiologically active plant widely used in traditional medicine that is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides. Rb1, a major ginsenoside, is used as the starting material for producing ginsenoside derivatives with enhanced pharmaceutical potentials through chemical, enzymatic, or microbial transformation. Methods To investigate the bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1, we prepared kimchi originated bacterial strains Leuconostoc mensenteroides WiKim19, Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49 and analyzed bioconversion products using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer. Results L. mesenteroides WiKim19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20 converted ginsenoside Rb1 into the ginsenoside Rg3 approximately five times more than Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49. L mesenteroides WIKim19 showed positive correlation with β-glucosidase activity and higher transformation ability of ginsenoside Rb1 into Rg3 than the other strains whereas, P. pentosaceus WiKim20 showed an elevated production of Rb3 even with lack of β-glucosidase activity but have the highest acidity among the five lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg5 concentration of five LABs have ranged from ∼2.6 μg/mL to 6.5 μg/mL and increased in accordance with the incubation periods. Our results indicate that the enzymatic activity along with acidic condition contribute to the production of minor ginsenoside from lactic acid bacteria.
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Gorissen L, Leroy F, De Vuyst L, De Smet S, Raes K. Bacterial production of conjugated linoleic and linolenic Acid in foods: a technological challenge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1561-74. [PMID: 24915316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.706243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) isomers are present in foods derived from ruminants as a result of the respective linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) metabolism by ruminal microorganisms and in animals' tissues. CLA and CLNA have isomer-specific, health-promoting properties, including anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activity, as well as the ability to reduce body fat. Besides ruminal microorganisms, such as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, many food-grade bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and propionibacteria, are able to convert LA and LNA to CLA and CLNA, respectively. Linoleate isomerase activity, responsible for this conversion, is strain-dependent and probably related to the ability of the producer strain to tolerate the toxic effects of LA and LNA. Since natural concentrations of CLA and CLNA in ruminal food products are relatively low to exert their health benefits, food-grade bacteria with linoleate isomerase activity could be used as starter or adjunct cultures to develop functional fermented dairy and meat products with increased levels of CLA and CLNA or included in fermented products as probiotic cultures. However, results obtained so far are below expectations due to technological bottlenecks. More research is needed to assess if bacterial production kinetics can be increased and can match food processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gorissen
- a Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University , B-9090 Melle, Belgium
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Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, Štšepetova J, Songisepp E, Mändar R. Biodiversity of Intestinal Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Healthy Population. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 932:1-64. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Salamon R, Vargáné-Visi É, András C, Csapóné Kiss Z, Csapó J. Synthetic methods to obtain conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) by catalysis – A review. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2014.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wall R, Cryan JF, Ross RP, Fitzgerald GF, Dinan TG, Stanton C. Bacterial neuroactive compounds produced by psychobiotics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 817:221-39. [PMID: 24997036 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently coined the phrase 'psychobiotics' to describe an emerging class of probiotics of relevance to psychiatry [Dinan et al., Biol Psychiatry 2013;74(10):720-726]. Such "mind-altering" probiotics may act via their ability to produce various biologically active compounds, such as peptides and mediators normally associated with mammalian neurotransmission. Several molecules with neuroactive functions such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, catecholamines and acetylcholine have been reported to be microbially-derived, many of which have been isolated from bacteria within the human gut. Secreted neurotransmitters from bacteria in the intestinal lumen may induce epithelial cells to release molecules that in turn modulate neural signalling within the enteric nervous system and consequently signal brain function and behaviour of the host. Consequently, neurochemical containing/producing probiotic bacteria may be viewed as delivery vehicles for neuroactive compounds and as such, probiotic bacteria may possibly have the potential as a therapeutic strategy in the prevention and/or treatment of certain neurological and neurophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wall
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
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Wei M, Ding XL, Xue ZL, Zhao SG. Production of conjugated linoleic acid by permeabilized Lactobacillus acidophilus cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao HW, Lv JP, Li SR. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid By Whole-Cell ofLactobacillus PlantarumA6-1F. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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12
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Li J, Zhang L, Han X, Yi H, Guo C, Zhang Y, Du M, Luo X, Zhang Y, Shan Y. Effect of incubation conditions and possible intestinal nutrients on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid production by Lactobacillus acidophilus F0221. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Optimal culture conditions for producing conjugated linoleic acid in skim-milk by co-culture of different Lactobacillus strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Poonam, Pophaly SD, Tomar SK, De S, Singh R. Multifaceted attributes of dairy propionibacteria: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3081-95. [PMID: 22806746 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dairy propionibacteria are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status microorganisms which have been traditionally used for the manufacture of Swiss type cheeses. In the last two decades various added features and functionalities have been discovered and developed from these bacteria. Propionibacteria are robust organisms with remarkable adaptability to technological and physiological stress conditions. Besides, they also display a multitude of health promoting properties like modulation of gut microbiota, improved gut physiology and immunomodulation suggesting their promising probiotic potential. Propionibacteria produce an interestingly wide range of functional biomolecules like B group vitamins, trehalose, conjugated linoleic acid, propionic acid, bacteriocins, bifidogenic factors etc. These bacteria are thus now being explored for designing novel functional foods as well as for industrial production of nutraceuticals. Growing interest in these bacteria is fueled by the first whole genome sequencing of a Propionibacterium freudenreichii strain providing a platform for better understanding of various pathways and further improvement in related process technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
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Novel multi-component enzyme machinery in lactic acid bacteria catalyzing C=C double bond migration useful for conjugated fatty acid synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:188-93. [PMID: 22093837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid isomerase was identified as a multi-component enzyme system that consists of three enzymes that exist in both the membrane and soluble fractions of Lactobacillus plantarum. One enzyme (CLA-HY) is present in the membrane fraction, while two enzymes (CLA-DH and CLA-DC) exist in the soluble fraction. Three Escherichia coli transformants expressing CLA-HY, CLA-DH, and CLA-DC were constructed. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid were generated from linoleic acid only when all these three E. coli transformants were used as catalysts simultaneously. CLA-HY catalyzed the hydration reaction, a part of linoleic acid isomerization, to produce 10-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid. This multi-component enzyme system required oxidoreduction cofactors such as NADH and FAD. This is the first report to reveal enzymes genes and the elaborate machinery that synthesizes CLA, especially an important isomer of cis-9, trans-11-CLA, in lactic acid bacteria.
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Gorissen L, Weckx S, Vlaeminck B, Raes K, De Vuyst L, De Smet S, Leroy F. Linoleate isomerase activity occurs in lactic acid bacteria strains and is affected by pH and temperature. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:593-606. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Farmani J, Safari M, Roohvand F, Razavi SH, Aghasadeghi MR, Noorbazargan H. Conjugated linoleic acid-producing enzymes: A bioinformatics study. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201000360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vahvaselkä M, Laakso S. Production of cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid in camelina meal and okara by an oat-assisted microbial process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2479-82. [PMID: 20088592 DOI: 10.1021/jf903383x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A method to obtain cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) into camelina meal and okara, the byproducts of plant oil processing, is described. The triacylglycerols in these materials were hydrolyzed with the aid of lipolytically active oat flour for 3 weeks at a water activity of 0.70. The resulting free linoleic acid was then isomerized predominantly to c9,t11-CLA by resting cells of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii in 5% aqueous camelina meal and okara slurries. In camelina meal slurries, c9,t11-CLA content after 21 h of fermentation was 0.83 mg/mL and 96 mg/g of total lipids. In okara slurries, the content of c9,t11-CLA was 1.1 mg/mL and 78 mg/g of total lipids. Doubling the hydrolysis time in okara increased the subsequent content of c9,t11-CLA to 1.4 mg/mL, corresponding to 110 mg/g of total lipids. After isomerization, CLA was concentrated into a particulate material of the slurries by acidification. The results suggest that the method is applicable to a wide spectrum of lipid-containing plant materials to further increase their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjatta Vahvaselkä
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, Post Office Box 6100, FI-02015 TKK Espoo, Finland.
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Zeng Z, Lin J, Gong D. Identification of Lactic Acid Bacterial Strains with High Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Ability from Natural Sauerkraut Fermentations. J Food Sci 2009; 74:M154-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Park JG, Song WH, Hong SM, Kim CH. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolated from Breast-Fed Infants. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.5.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Lee K, Paek K, Lee HY, Park JH, Lee Y. Antiobesity effect of trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid-producing Lactobacillus plantarum PL62 on diet-induced obese mice. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:1140-6. [PMID: 17897219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To observe the antiobesity activity of trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing lactobacillus in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacillus plantarum PL62, which can grow in the presence of linoleic acid, was selected and studied. The culture supernatant of Lact. plantarum PL62 contained trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (6.4 microg ml(-1)), and the crude enzyme prepared from washed cells produced trans-10,cis-12 CLA (1395 microg mg(-1) protein). Lact. plantarum PL62 reduced the weights of epididymal, inguinal, mesenteric, and perirenal white adipose tissues and significantly reduced the blood levels of total glucose and body weights of mice (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS trans-10,cis-12-CLA-producing Lact. plantarum PL62 can exert the same antiobesity activity as trans-10,cis-12-CLA in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY trans-10,cis-12-CLA-producing Lactobacillus can be a replacement for CLA for obesity treatment via the continuous production of trans-10,cis-12-CLA. The results provide a novel opportunity to develop foods with antiobesity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Culture Collection of Antimicrobial Resistant Microbes, Department of Biology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in probiotic yoghurts supplemented with fructooligosaccharide. Int Dairy J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Bisig W, Eberhard P, Collomb M, Rehberger B. Influence of processing on the fatty acid composition and the content of conjugated linoleic acid in organic and conventional dairy products - a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1051/lait:2007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Peng SS, Deng MD, Grund AD, Rosson RA. Purification and characterization of a membrane-bound linoleic acid isomerase from Clostridium sporogenes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Irmak S, Dunford NT, Gilliland SE, Banskalieva V, Eisenmenger M. Biocatalysis of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 2006; 41:771-6. [PMID: 17120931 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CLA refers to a group of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with conjugated double bonds. CLA has been reported to have diverse health benefits and biological properties. Traditional organic synthesis is highly capital-intensive and results in an isomeric mixture of CLA isomers. Biotechnology presents new alternatives to traditional lipid manufacturing methods. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of protein isolation procedures on linoleate isomerase (LAI) recovery from microbial cells and biocatalysis of LA to CLA. Protein isolation experiments were carried out using Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 and two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272 and ATCC 55739). Under the same assay conditions, ATCC 55739 had the highest LAI activity among the microbial cultures examined in this study. Efficiency of cell lysis methods, which included various combinations of lysozyme and mutanolysin treatments in combination with sonication and osmotic rupture of cells with liquid nitrogen, was very low. Although treatment of cell material with a detergent (octylthioglucoyranoside) freed a significant amount of LAI activity into the solution, it was not sufficient to recover all the LAI activity from the residual cells. Crude LAI preparations produced mainly the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer. Time and substrate/protein ratio had a significant effect on biocatalysis of LA to CLA. It appears that the mechanism and kinetics of enzymatic conversion of LA to CLA are quite complex and requires further research using pure LAI preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Irmak
- Food and Agricultural Products Research and Technology Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Xu S, Boylston TD, Glatz BA. Effect of Inoculation Level of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Yogurt Cultures on Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content and Quality Attributes of Fermented Milk Products. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Lin T. Conjugated linoleic acid production by cells and enzyme extract of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus with additions of different fatty acids. Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Effect of lipid source on probiotic bacteria and conjugated linoleic acid formation in milk model systems. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-0946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Sieber R, Collomb M, Aeschlimann A, Jelen P, Eyer H. Impact of microbial cultures on conjugated linoleic acid in dairy products—a review. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(03)00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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