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Wang W, Tan KWJ, Chiang PL, Wong WX, Chen W, Lin Q. Impact of Incorporating Free Calcium and Magnesium on the Heat Stability of a Dairy- and Soy-Protein-Containing Model Emulsion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4424. [PMID: 38006147 PMCID: PMC10675836 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) at varying concentrations on a model milk formulation's physical and chemical properties after thermal treatment. The model milk was subjected to two-stage homogenization and pasteurization before being supplemented with different concentrations of CaCl2 or MgCl2. The findings revealed that elevating the concentration of either calcium or magnesium resulted in the milk emulsion having a higher viscosity and median particle size following heating. CaCl2 had a slightly stronger impact than MgCl2, particularly at higher concentrations. The milk samples also exhibited a reduction in the zeta potential as the ionic strength of the salt solution increased, with the CaCl2-fortified milk displaying a slightly lower negative surface charge than the MgCl2-fortified milk at the same dose. The model milk's viscosity was evaluated after adding various salt concentrations and a temperature ramp from 20 to 80 °C. Notably, the viscosity and particle size changes demonstrated a non-linear relationship with increasing mineral levels, where a significant increase was observed at or above 5.0 mM. An emulsion stability analysis also revealed that the de-stabilization pattern of the high salt concentration sample differed significantly from its low salt concentration counterparts. These findings could serve as a basis for the future development of fortified UHT milk with nutritionally beneficial calcium and magnesium in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenpu Chen
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development (ANRD), Singapore 20 Biopolis Way, #09-01 Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.); (K.W.J.T.); (P.L.C.); (W.X.W.)
| | - Qi Lin
- Abbott Nutrition Research & Development (ANRD), Singapore 20 Biopolis Way, #09-01 Centros Building, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (W.W.); (K.W.J.T.); (P.L.C.); (W.X.W.)
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2
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Lee J, Kwak E, Kim HT, Jo YJ, Choi MJ. Influence of different electrolytes and oils on the stability of W 1/O/W 2 double emulsion during storage and in vitro digestion. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1515-1529. [PMID: 37637838 PMCID: PMC10449744 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to formulate a stable water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsion using different types of oils and electrolytes. W1/O was formulated with different electrolyte solutions (W1) dispersed in various oils (O) using polyglycerol polyricinoleate as a stabilizer. External aqueous phase was Tween-80 (W2), and W1/O dispersed in W2 was used. The emulsion containing NaCl or MgCl2 exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and maintained particle size. Regarding the oil type, the emulsion with MCT oil showed a small droplet size and a high viscosity and EE, presenting a stable droplet distribution in optical observation. The stability of emulsion containing NaCl was maintained during the in vitro digestion experiments. MCT oil, NaCl and MgCl2 have the potential to produce stable double emulsions for storage stability and in vitro digestion studies. The findings would be useful for preparing stable double emulsions used in the food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseon Lee
- Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neudong-ro, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neudong-ro, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Jo
- Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, 120 Neudong-ro, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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3
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Banerjee A, Hosie W, Terso Ventura AC, Razmkhah K, Bautista J, Beyene A, Binder J, Trant JF. Rational Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Solid Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Nanoformulation Suitable for "Microdosing" Applications. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37579068 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This article highlights the formulation of a solid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-loaded ingestible prepared from pure THC distillate. Methods: A THC-containing ethanol-assisted cannabinoid nanoemulsion (EACNE) was created using a solvent displacement technique. Subsequently, the EACNE was converted to a solid powdery material while still retaining its THC potency, a format uniquely suited for "microdosing" applications. Results: EACNE had an average lipid droplet size of ∼190 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.15, and an average droplet ζ potential of -49±10 mV. The nanoemulsion (NE) was colloidally stable for at least 6 weeks, with no meaningful change in cannabinoid potency over the experimental period, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The EACNE remained stable when subjected to physical stresses such as heat, freeze/thaw cycles, carbonation, dilution to beverage concentrations, high sucrose concentrations, and a pH range between 5 and 8. The microencapsulated EACNE demonstrated limited free-flowing behavior but was freely redispersible in water without any visible phase separation. Conclusions: We report the design, creation, and characterization of a THC NE generated without the use of specialized equipment, such as a microfluidizer or a high-pressure homogenizer. This emulsion could readily be converted to a water-redispersible powder. This embodiment is particularly suited for THC "microdosing," a practice that might decouple the health benefits of THC from its psychotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Hosie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Terso Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Kasra Razmkhah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Bautista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Afeson Beyene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Binder
- Peak Processing Solutions, Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- WeSpark Health Institute, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Wen C, Wu M, Zhang Z, Liu G, Liang L, Liu X, Zhang J, Li Y, Ren J, Xu X. Effects of casein phosphopeptides on thermal stability and sensory quality of whey protein emulsions containing calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125023. [PMID: 37245758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) on the thermal stability and sensory quality of whey protein emulsions containing calcium beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (WPEs-HMB-Ca). The interaction mechanism among CPP, HMBCa, and WP in the emulsions before and after autoclaving (121 °C, 15 min) was systematically investigated from macroscopic external and microscopic molecular perspectives. It was found that WPEs-HMB-Ca treated by autoclaving resulted in an increase in droplet size (d4,3 = 24.09 μm) due to aggregation/flocculation of proteins, along with a stronger odor with higher viscosity, compared to those without autoclaving. When CPP:HMB-Ca = 1:25 (w/w) in the emulsion, the droplets exhibited a more uniform and consistent state in the emulsion. In addition, CPP was able to inhibit the formation of complex spatial network structures of proteins during autoclaving by binding with Ca2+, thus improving the thermal stability and storage stability of WPEs-HMB-Ca. This work might provide theoretical guidance for developing functional milk drinks with good thermal stability and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoting Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Maowei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Li Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jixian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Youdong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China..
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5
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Yavuz UB, Erem E, Kilic-Akyilmaz M. Stabilization of Olive Oil in Water Emulsion with Dairy Ingredients by Pulsed and Continuous High Intensity Ultrasound. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11425-11432. [PMID: 37008147 PMCID: PMC10061600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Application of high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) for stabilization of olive oil in water emulsion with different dairy ingredients including sodium caseinate (NaCS) and whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. The emulsions were prepared by homogenization with a probe and then treated with either a second homogenization or HIUS at a different power level (20 and 50%) in pulsed or continuous mode for 2 min. The emulsion activity index (EAI), creaming index (CI), specific surface area (SSA), rheological properties, and droplet size of the samples were determined. The temperature of the sample rose when HIUS was applied in continuous mode and at increasing power level. HIUS treatment increased EAI and SSA of the emulsion and decreased droplet size and CI compared with those of the double-homogenized sample. Among the HIUS treatments, the highest EAI was found in the emulsion with NaCS that was treated at a power level of 50% in continuous mode, and the lowest one was obtained by HIUS applied at a power level of 20% in pulsed mode. SSA, droplet size, and span of the emulsion were not affected by HIUS parameters. Rheological properties of HIUS-treated emulsions were not different from those of the double-homogenized control sample. Continuous HIUS at 20% power level and pulsed HIUS at 50% power level reduced creaming in the emulsion after storage at a similar level. HIUS at a low power level or in pulsed mode can be preferred for heat sensitive materials.
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Wang L, Cheng X, Zhang S, Dongye Z, Kang M, Li Z, Chen C, Qian Y, Ren Y. The Rheological/interfacial Behavior and Stability Properties of Nanoemulsions Prepared Using Whey Protein-carboxymethyl Chitosan Conjugates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Mao W, Zhan F, Youssef M, Wang X, Wang M, Li B. Improvement on Ca2+ tolerance of insect-based milk based on pH-shifting treatment combined with dynamic high pressure microfluidization. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Kwak E, Lee J, Jo YJ, Choi MJ. Effect of electrolytes in the water phase on the stability of W1/O/W2 double emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Xu H, Yang L, Jin J, Zhang J, Xie P, Chen Y, Shi L, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Elucidation on the destabilization mechanism of whipping creams during static storage. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Liu Y, Qian F, Mu G, Zhu X. Effects of Proteins and Mineral Ions on the Physicochemical Properties of 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-Palmitoylglycerol Emulsion to Mimic a Liquid Infant Formula. Front Nutr 2022; 9:808351. [PMID: 35769380 PMCID: PMC9234486 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.808351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and minerals in infant formula not only serve as nutrients, but also have important effects on the physical and chemical stability of emulsions. In this study, calcium carbonate (0 or 9.08 mM) and potassium chloride (0 or 15.96 mM), as representatives of divalent and monovalent minerals, were added to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) emulsions in different ratios (10:0, 9:1, 6:4, 5:5, and 0:10) of whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (CN). The influence of proteins and minerals on emulsion stability was investigated by analyzing particle size, zeta potential, creaming index, rheological properties, storage stability, and lipid oxidation. 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) emulsions could be destabilized by adding Ca2+, as shown by the increase in particle size index, creaming index, and the decrease in zeta potential magnitude. Divalent ions could affect the electrostatic interactions between lipid droplets and the interactive effects of ion surface adsorption. In addition, the effect of different protein ratios on the physical stability of emulsions was not significant under the same ion-type conditions. In terms of chemical stability, higher oxidized values were found in emulsions stabilized with only CN than in those containing WPI. Our study showed that protein ratios and minerals played an important role in the stability of OPO emulsions, which might provide a reference for the development and utilization of liquid infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Guangqing Mu
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- Xuemei Zhu
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11
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Ma T, Wang X, Chen J. In vitro stability study of saliva emulsions: The impact of time, calcium ion and pH. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Effects of the Incorporation of Calcium Chloride on the Physical and Oxidative Stability of Filled Hydrogel Particles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030278. [PMID: 35159430 PMCID: PMC8834438 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) addition on the physical and oxidative stabilities of filled hydrogel were investigated. The results revealed that CaCl2 significantly enhanced the particle size, interfacial layer thickness, apparent viscosity, and viscoelastic behavior of filled hydrogels and decreased their light and whiteness values (p < 0.05). This phenomenon was mainly attributed to the strong binding ability between Ca2+ and protein/pectin mixtures, which were present in the interfacial area or aqueous phase, as verified by cryo-scanning electron microscopy results. Moreover, lower levels of CaCl2 (2 or 4 mM) significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of filled hydrogels (p < 0.05), particularly at a concentration of 4 mM. However, a higher level of CaCl2 (6 or 8 mM) resulted in an electrostatic shielding effect, which resulted in the aggregation of multiple droplets and the flocculation of the filled hydrogels, which negatively affected the oxidative stability of filled hydrogels. The findings of this study indicated that appropriate Ca2+ levels (4 mM) improved the physical and oxidative stability of filled hydrogel, and this finding may provide useful insights for the development of effective delivery systems for specific applications.
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Onaizi SA. Effect of salinity on the characteristics, pH-triggered demulsification and rheology of crude oil/water nanoemulsions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Banerjee A, Binder J, Salama R, Trant JF. Synthesis, characterization and stress-testing of a robust quillaja saponin stabilized oil-in-water phytocannabinoid nanoemulsion. J Cannabis Res 2021; 3:43. [PMID: 34556180 PMCID: PMC8461879 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study describes the design, optimization, and stress-testing of a novel phytocannabinoid nanoemulsion generated using high-pressure homogenization. [Formula: see text], a plant-derived commercial emulsifier containing quillaja saponin, was used to stabilize the lipid phase droplets in water. Stress-testing was performed on this nanoemulsion in order to evaluate its chemical and colloidal stability under the influence of different environmental factors, encompassing both physical and chemical stressors. METHODS Extensive optimization studies were conducted to arrive at an ideal nanoemulsion formulation. A coarse emulsion containing 16.6 wt% CBD-enriched cannabis distillate and 83.4 wt% carrier (soybean) oil dispersed in 10 wt% [Formula: see text] (1.5 wt% quillaja saponin) solution after 10 homogenization cycles at a pressure of 30,000 psi produced a stable nanoemulsion. This nanoemulsion was then subjected to the stress studies. RESULTS The optimized nanoemulsion had an average droplet diameter of ca. 120 nm and average droplet surface ζ potentials of ca. -30 mV. It was imaged and characterized by a variety of protocols. It proved to be stable to droplet agglomeration and phase separation upon storage under ambient conditions for 6 weeks, as well as under a variety of physical stressors such as heat, cold, dilution, and carbonation. pH values ≤2 and moderately high salt concentrations (> 100 mM), however, destabilized the nanoemulsion, eventually leading to phase separation. Cannabis potency, determined by HPLC, was detrimentally affected by any changes in the nanoemulsion phase stability. CONCLUSIONS Quillaja saponin stabilized cannabidiol(CBD)-enriched nanoemulsions are stable, robust systems even at low emulsifier concentrations, and are therefore significant from both a scientific as well as a commercial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rayan Salama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - John F. Trant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, Canada
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15
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Singh J, Dean A, Prakash S, Bhandari B, Bansal N. Ultra high temperature stability of milk protein concentrate: Effect of mineral salts addition. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Du Q, Ji X, Lyu F, Liu J, Ding Y. Heat stability and rheology of high-calorie whey protein emulsion: Effects of calcium ions. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Ricardo F, Pradilla D, Cruz JC, Alvarez O. Emerging Emulsifiers: Conceptual Basis for the Identification and Rational Design of Peptides with Surface Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4615. [PMID: 33924804 PMCID: PMC8124350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsifiers are gradually evolving from synthetic molecules of petrochemical origin to biomolecules mainly due to health and environmental concerns. Peptides represent a type of biomolecules whose molecular structure is composed of a sequence of amino acids that can be easily tailored to have specific properties. However, the lack of knowledge about emulsifier behavior, structure-performance relationships, and the implementation of different design routes have limited the application of these peptides. Some computational and experimental approaches have tried to close this knowledge gap, but restrictions in understanding the fundamental phenomena and the limited property data availability have made the performance prediction for emulsifier peptides an area of intensive research. This study provides the concepts necessary to understand the emulsifying behavior of peptides. Additionally, a straightforward description is given of how the molecular structure and conditions of the system directly impact the peptides' ability to stabilize emulsion droplets. Moreover, the routes to design and discover novel peptides with interfacial and emulsifying activity are also discussed, along with the strategies to address some of their major pitfalls and challenges. Finally, this contribution reviews methodologies to build and use data sets containing standard properties of emulsifying peptides by looking at successful applications in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ricardo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (F.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Diego Pradilla
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (F.R.); (D.P.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Oscar Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (F.R.); (D.P.)
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18
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Tan PY, Tey BT, Chan ES, Lai OM, Chang HW, Tan TB, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tan CP. Stabilization and Release of Palm Tocotrienol Emulsion Fabricated Using pH-Sensitive Calcium Carbonate. Foods 2021; 10:358. [PMID: 33562391 PMCID: PMC7915496 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been utilized as a pH-responsive component in various products. In this present work, palm tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) was successfully entrapped in a self-assembled oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion system by using CaCO3 as the stabilizer. The emulsion droplet size, viscosity and tocotrienols entrapment efficiency (EE) were strongly affected by varying the processing (homogenization speed and time) and formulation (CaCO3 and TRF concentrations) parameters. Our findings indicated that the combination of 5000 rpm homogenization speed, 15 min homogenization time, 0.75% CaCO3 concentration and 2% TRF concentration resulted in a high EE of tocotrienols (92.59-99.16%) and small droplet size (18.83 ± 1.36 µm). The resulting emulsion system readily released the entrapped tocotrienols across the pH range tested (pH 1-9); with relatively the highest release observed at pH 3. The current study presents a potential pH-sensitive emulsion system for the entrapment and delivery of palm tocotrienols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phui Yee Tan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia;
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.T.T.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Eng Seng Chan
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.T.T.); (E.S.C.)
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Oi Ming Lai
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hon Weng Chang
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Tai Boon Tan
- Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety (POPS), Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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19
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CaCl2 supplementation of hydrophobised whey proteins: Assessment of protein particles and consequent emulsions. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Impact of flocculant addition in oil recovery from multiphasic fermentations. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Influence of calcium fortification on physicochemical properties of whey protein concentrate solutions enriched in α-lactalbumin. Food Chem 2020; 317:126412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Alonso-Miravalles L, Zannini E, Bez J, Arendt EK, O’Mahony JA. Thermal and Mineral Sensitivity of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilised using Lentil Proteins. Foods 2020; 9:E453. [PMID: 32276320 PMCID: PMC7230510 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-in-water emulsion systems formulated with plant proteins are of increasing interest to food researchers and industry due to benefits associated with cost-effectiveness, sustainability and animal well-being. The aim of this study was to understand how the stability of complex model emulsions formulated using lentil proteins are influenced by calcium fortification (0 to 10 mM CaCl2) and thermal processing (95 or 140 °C). A valve homogeniser, operating at first and second stage pressures of 15 and 3 MPa, was used to prepare emulsions. On heating at 140 °C, the heat coagulation time (pH 6.8) for the emulsions was successively reduced from 4.80 to 0.40 min with increasing CaCl2 concentration from 0 to 10 mM, respectively. Correspondingly, the sample with the highest CaCl2 addition level developed the highest viscosity during heating (95 °C × 30 s), reaching a final value of 163 mPa·s. This was attributed to calcium-mediated interactions of lentil proteins, as confirmed by the increase in the mean particle diameter (D[4,3]) to 36.5 µm for the sample with 6 mM CaCl2, compared to the unheated and heated control with D[4,3] values of 0.75 and 0.68 µm, respectively. This study demonstrated that the combination of calcium and heat promoted the aggregation of lentil proteins in concentrated emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Alonso-Miravalles
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.-M.); (E.Z.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Emanuele Zannini
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.-M.); (E.Z.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Juergen Bez
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.-M.); (E.Z.); (E.K.A.)
| | - James A. O’Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 Y337 Cork, Ireland; (L.A.-M.); (E.Z.); (E.K.A.)
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Ince-Coskun AE, Ozdestan-Ocak O. Effects of salt ions and heating on the behaviour of whey protein particle dispersions. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Abdolmaleki K, Mohammadifar MA, Sheikhi Z, Matinfar G, Nayebzadeh K. The Role of Oil Phase in the Stability and Physicochemical Properties of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions in the Presence of Gum Tragacanth. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadije Abdolmaleki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Arabi 1983963113 Tehran Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Dowlatabad 6719851552 Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mohammadifar
- Research Group for Food Production Engineering, National Food InstituteTechnical University of Denmark SøltoftsPlads +4545254922 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Zhian Sheikhi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Arabi 1983963113 Tehran Iran
| | - Golshan Matinfar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Arabi 1983963113 Tehran Iran
| | - Kooshan Nayebzadeh
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Hafezi 1981619573 Tehran Iran
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Sriprablom J, Luangpituksa P, Wongkongkatep J, Pongtharangkul T, Suphantharika M. Influence of pH and ionic strength on the physical and rheological properties and stability of whey protein stabilized o/w emulsions containing xanthan gum. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Beverage Emulsions: Key Aspects of Their Formulation and Physicochemical Stability. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, lifestyle changes and the awareness of the importance of a balanced diet have led the population to increase the consumption of beverages based on fruit juices and/or vegetables. Fruit and vegetables contain health-related compounds that can impact on physiological processes, thus reducing the risk of certain diseases and improving the overall health status. Consumer demand for more appealing and tasting beverages has also increased. In this sense, fortification of beverages with health-related ingredients and/or flavors arises as a potential strategy for the development of new beverage-based products. Nevertheless, most of those compounds are not soluble in water, thus their incorporation in aqueous food systems, such as beverages, requires an emulsification step. Beverage emulsions are concentrated emulsified systems designed to be further diluted and/or incorporated in beverages and drinks as carriers of water insoluble ingredients. This review article aims at discussing the main key aspects of beverage emulsion formulation and their colloidal stability after being added to complex food systems.
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Makeri M, Muhammad K, Ghazali H, Mohammed A. Influence of temperature and ionic conditions on the rheology and droplets characteristics of winged bean protein stabilized oil-in-water emulsion. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Enhancement of physicochemical properties of whey protein-stabilized nanoemulsions by interfacial cross-linking using cinnamaldehyde. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Partition and stability of resveratrol in whey protein isolate oil-in-water emulsion: Impact of protein and calcium concentrations. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Liang Y, Matia-Merino L, Gillies G, Patel H, Ye A, Golding M. The heat stability of milk protein-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions: A review. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Sarkar A, Ye A, Singh H. Oral processing of emulsion systems from a colloidal perspective. Food Funct 2017; 8:511-521. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses recent understanding of the oral destabilization of food emulsions from a colloidal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Processing Group
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- University of Leeds
- UK
| | - Aiqian Ye
- Riddet Institute
- Massey University
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute
- Massey University
- Palmerston North 4442
- New Zealand
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32
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Bakry AM, Fang Z, Khan MA, Chen Y, Chen YQ, Liang L. Tuna oil andMentha piperitaoil emulsions and microcapsules stabilised by whey protein isolate and inulin: characterisation and stability. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr M. Bakry
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Department of Dairy Science; Faculty of Agriculture; Suez Canal University; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Muhammad Aslam Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Yantao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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33
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Sarkar A, Kamaruddin H, Bentley A, Wang S. Emulsion stabilization by tomato seed protein isolate: Influence of pH, ionic strength and thermal treatment. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Ha HK, Jeon NE, Kim JW, Han KS, Yun SS, Lee MR, Lee WJ. Physicochemical Characterization and Potential Prebiotic Effect of Whey Protein Isolate/Inulin Nano Complex. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:267-74. [PMID: 27194937 PMCID: PMC4869555 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.2.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the impacts of concentration levels of whey protein isolate (WPI) and inulin on the formation and physicochemical properties of WPI/inulin nano complexes and to evaluate their potential prebiotic effects. WPI/inulin nano complexes were produced using the internal gelation method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer were used to assess the morphological and physicochemical characterizations of nano complexes, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol in nano complexes was studied using HPLC while the potential prebiotic effects were investigated by measuring the viability of probiotics. In TEM micrographs, the globular forms of nano complexes in the range of 10 and 100 nm were successfully manufactured. An increase in WPI concentration level from 1 to 3% (w/v) resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the size of nano complexs while inulin concentration level did not affect the size of nano complexes. The polydispersity index of nano complexes was below 0.3 in all cases while the zeta-potential values in the range of -2 and -12 mV were observed. The encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol was significantly (p<0.05) increased as WPI and inulin concentration levels were increased from 1 to 3% (w/v). During incubation at 37℃ for 24 h, WPI/inulin nano complexes exhibited similar viability of probiotics with free inulin and had significantly (p<0.05) higher viability than negative control. In conclusions, WPI and inulin concentration levels were key factors affecting the physicochemical properties of WPI/inulin nano complexes and had potential prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | | | - Mee-Ryung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- Corresponding authors: Won-Jae Lee, Department of Animal Bioscience (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-1884, Fax: +82-55-772-1889, E-mail: ; Mee-Ryung Lee, Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea. Tel: +82-53-850-6837, Fax: +82-53-850-6839, E-mail:
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35
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Abdolmaleki K, Mohammadifar MA, Mohammadi R, Fadavi G, Meybodi NM. The effect of pH and salt on the stability and physicochemical properties of oil-in-water emulsions prepared with gum tragacanth. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 140:342-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Liang Y, Wong SS, Pham SQ, Tan JJ. Effects of globular protein type and concentration on the physical properties and flow behaviors of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by micellar casein–globular protein mixtures. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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38
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39
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A high-solids steam injection process for the manufacture of powdered infant milk formula. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Tong K, Zhang Y, Chu PK. Evaluation of calcium chloride for synergistic demulsification of super heavy oil wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Chalothorn K, Warisnoich W. Ultrasonic Emulsification of Whey Protein Isolate-Stabilized Nanoemulsions Containing Omega-3 Oil from Plant Seed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.532.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Tarrega A, Ramírez-Sucre M, Vélez-Ruiz J, Costell E. Effect of whey and pea protein blends on the rheological and sensory properties of protein-based systems flavoured with cocoa. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Flocculation of protein-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Tokle T, Lesmes U, McClements DJ. Impact of electrostatic deposition of anionic polysaccharides on the stability of oil droplets coated by lactoferrin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9825-9832. [PMID: 20707308 DOI: 10.1021/jf101833z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three anionic polysaccharides (low methoxyl pectin (LMP), high methoxyl pectin (HMP) and alginate) on the physicochemical properties and stability of lactoferrin (LF)-coated lipid droplets. LMP, HMP and alginate were shown to adsorb to the surfaces of LF-coated droplets at neutral pH, which was primarily attributed to electrostatic attraction between anionic groups on the polysaccharide molecules and cationic patches on the protein surfaces. In the absence of polysaccharide, the LF-coated droplets were highly unstable to aggregation when heated above about 60 degrees C at pH 7, presumably because thermal denaturation of the adsorbed proteins increased droplet attraction. The addition of either LMP or HMP prior to heating greatly improved the thermal stability of the emulsions, with no aggregation being observed from 30 to 90 degrees C. On the other hand, the presence of anionic polysaccharides had little effect on emulsion stability or even promoted emulsion instability when 0 to 200 mM NaCl or CaCl2 was added. This study shows that the stability of LF-coated lipid droplets can be improved by careful selection of an appropriate type and amount of anionic polysaccharide to incorporate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Tokle
- Food Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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45
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46
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Laplante S, Turgeon SL, Paquin P. Emulsion-stabilizing properties of chitosan in the presence of whey protein isolate: Effect of the mixture ratio, ionic strength and pH. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Keowmaneechai E, McClements D. Influence of EDTA and citrate on thermal stability of whey protein stabilized oil-in-water emulsions containing calcium chloride. Food Res Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Gu YS, Decker AE, McClements DJ. Production and characterization of oil-in-water emulsions containing droplets stabilized by multilayer membranes consisting of beta-lactoglobulin, iota-carrageenan and gelatin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:5752-60. [PMID: 15952819 DOI: 10.1021/la046888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental conditions (pH, NaCl, CaCl2, and temperature) on the properties and stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing oil droplets surrounded by one-, two-, or three-layer interfacial membranes has been investigated. Three oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with the same droplet concentration and buffer (5 wt % corn oil, 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6) but with different biopolymers: (i) primary emulsion: 0.5 wt % beta-Lg; (ii) secondary emulsion: 0.5 wt % beta-Lg, 0.1 wt % iota-carrageenan; (iii) tertiary emulsion: 0.5 wt % beta-Lg, 0.1 wt % iota-carrageenan, 0-2 wt % gelatin. The secondary and tertiary emulsions were prepared by electrostatic deposition of the charged biopolymers onto the surfaces of the oil droplets so as to form two- and three-layer interfacial membranes, respectively. The stability of the emulsions to pH (3-8), sodium chloride (0-500 mM), calcium chloride (0-12 mM), and thermal processing (30-90 degrees C) was determined. We found that multilayer emulsions had better stability to droplet aggregation than single-layer emulsions under certain environmental conditions and that one or more of the biopolymer layers could be made to desorb from the droplet surfaces in response to specific environmental changes (e.g., high salt or high temperature). These results suggest that the interfacial engineering technology used in this study could lead to the creation of food emulsions with improved stability to environmental stresses or to emulsions with triggered release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Suk Gu
- Biopolymer and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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49
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Gu YS, Regnier L, McClements DJ. Influence of environmental stresses on stability of oil-in-water emulsions containing droplets stabilized by β-lactoglobulin–ι-carrageenan membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 286:551-8. [PMID: 15897070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An oil-in-water emulsion (5 wt% corn oil, 0.5 wt% beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), 0.1 wt% iota-carrageenan, 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.0) containing anionic droplets stabilized by interfacial membranes comprising of beta-lactoglobulin and iota-carrageenan was produced using a two-stage process. A primary emulsion containing anionic beta-Lg coated droplets was prepared by homogenizing oil and emulsifier solution together using a high-pressure valve homogenizer. A secondary emulsion containing beta-Lg-iota-carrageenan coated droplets was formed by mixing the primary emulsion with an aqueous iota-carrageenan solution. The stability of primary and secondary emulsions to sodium chloride (0-500 mM), calcium chloride (0-12 mM), and thermal processing (30-90 degrees C) were analyzed using zeta-potential, particle size and creaming stability measurements. The secondary emulsion had better stability to droplet aggregation than the primary emulsion at NaCl </=500 mM, CaCl(2) </= 2 mM, and holding temperatures </= 60 degrees C for 20 min. The interfacial engineering technology used in the study could therefore lead to the creation of food emulsions with improved stability to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Suk Gu
- Biopolymer and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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50
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Firebaugh JD, Daubert CR. Emulsifying and Foaming Properties of a Derivatized Whey Protein Ingredient. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-200060245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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