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Shyntum DY, Nkomo NP, Shingange NL, Gricia AR, Bellieny-Rabelo D, Moleleki LN. The Impact of Type VI Secretion System, Bacteriocins and Antibiotics on Bacterial Competition of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and the Regulation of Carbapenem Biosynthesis by Iron and the Ferric-Uptake Regulator. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2379. [PMID: 31681235 PMCID: PMC6813493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of plant microbial communities provides a rich model for investigating biochemical and regulatory strategies involved in interbacterial competition. Within these niches, the soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) represents an emerging group of plant-pathogens causing soft rot/blackleg diseases resulting in economic losses worldwide in a variety of crops. A preliminary screening using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA comparatively analyzing healthy and diseased potato tubers, identified several taxa from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes as potential potato endophytes/plant pathogens. Subsequent to this, a range of molecular and computational techniques were used to determine the contribution of antimicrobial factors such as bacteriocins, carbapenem and type VI secretion system (T6SS), found in an aggressive SRE (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense strain PBR1692 - Pcb1692) against these endophytes/plant pathogens. The results showed growth inhibition of several Proteobacteria by Pcb1692 depends either on carbapenem or pyocin production. Whereas for targeted Firmicutes, only the Pcb1692 pyocin seems to play a role in growth inhibition. Furthermore, production of carbapenem by Pcb1692 was observably dependent on the presence of environmental iron and oxygen. Additionally, upon deletion of fur, slyA and expI regulators, carbapenem production ceased, implying a complex regulatory mechanism involving these three genes. Finally, the results demonstrated that although T6SS confers no relevant advantage during in vitro competition, a significant attenuation in competition by the mutant strain lacking a functional T6SS was observed in planta. IMPORTANCE Soft rot Enterobacteriaceae (SRE) represents important phytopathogens causing soft rot/blackleg diseases in a variety of crops leading to huge economic losses worldwide. These pathogens have been isolated alongside other bacteria from different environments such as potato tubers, stems, roots and from the soil. In these environments, SREs coexist with other bacteria where they have to compete for scarce nutrients and other resources. In this report, we show that Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense strain PBR1692 - Pcb1692, which represents one of the SREs, inhibits growth of several different bacteria by producing different antimicrobial compounds. These antimicrobial compounds can be secreted inside or outside the plant host, allowing Pcb1692 to effectively colonize different types of ecological niches. By analyzing the genome sequences of several SREs, we show that other SREs likely deploy similar antimicrobials to target other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine Yufetar Shyntum
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ntombikayise Precious Nkomo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ntwanano Luann Shingange
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Rino Gricia
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Bellieny-Rabelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lucy Novungayo Moleleki
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry, Agriculture and Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Jiang X, Zhang B, Lei M, Zhang J, Zhang J. Analysis of nutrient composition and antioxidant characteristics in the tender shoots of Chinese toon picked under different conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Gupta UC, Gupta SC. The Important Role of Potatoes, An Underrated Vegetable Food Crop in Human Health and Nutrition. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180906113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite frequently being described as a carbohydrate-laden, calorie-rich unimportant part of
the human diet, potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are one of the most nutritive vegetable food crops in
the world and, in comparison to most other vegetables are richer in essential human nutrients. These
include proteins, starch and fibre, major, secondary and trace minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and
phytochemicals. Potatoes have an abundance of vitamin C and the mineral potassium (K) which are
vital for health. Potassium reduces the risk of Blood Pressure (BP), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),
osteoporosis and strokes. Vitamin C helps reduce strokes and hypertension and prevents scurvy. The
predominant form of carbohydrate (CHO) in the potato is starch. A small but significant part of this
starch is resistant to digestion by enzymes in the stomach and small intestine, so it reaches the large
intestine essentially intact. This resistant starch is considered to have similar physiological effects and
health benefits as fibre. A medium size potato (148 g) contains 4 g protein and very small amount of
fat or cholesterol. The fibre content of a potato with skin is equivalent to that of many whole grain
breads and pastas. Potatoes contain rather large amount of the enzyme catalase, which converts hydrogen
peroxide into oxygen and water and thus prevents cell injury. Potatoes contain phytochemicals
such as lutein and zeaxanthin; which protect and preserve eyesight and may help reduce the risk of
macular degeneration. It is not the high Glycemic Index (GI) in potatoes or in any other food, but the
number of calories consumed from all foods that causes weight gain. Overall, potatoes are an underrated
source of essential human nutrients.
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Potatoes also contain toxic compounds, such as α-solanine and α-chaconine which are known to induce
toxicity. These poisons cause gastrointestinal disturbances causing vomiting and diarrhea but severe
poisoning may lead to paralysis, cardiac failure and comma. Green areas in potatoes containing
chlorophyll are harmless but indicate that toxins may be present. According to the American Cancer
Society, food born toxin such as acrylamide is formed when starchy foods such as potatoes and potato
products are cooked at temperatures above 121C. However, deep frying at 170C is known to effectively
lower the level of toxic compounds, while microwaving is only somewhat effective and freezedrying
or dehydration has little effect. The highest levels of acrylamide are found in CHO-rich foods,
such as potato chips and French fries, which had been cooked at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. Gupta
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Subhas C. Gupta
- The Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, United States
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Rana V, Maiti SK. Municipal wastewater treatment potential and metal accumulation strategies of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Typha latifolia L. in a constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:328. [PMID: 29730705 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper elucidates phytoremediation potential of two wetland plants (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Typha latifolia L.) for municipal wastewater treatment using constructed wetland (CW) mesocosms. The concentrations (mg L-1) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Pb in municipal wastewater were higher than permissible Indian standards for inland surface water disposal; however, Mn and Ni were within the permissible limits. The pollutant removal efficiencies of planted CWs varied as electrical conductivity (EC) 67.8-71.4%; COD 70.7-71.1%; TKN 63.8-72.3%; Cu 75.3-83.4%; Cd 73.9-83.1%; Mn 74.1-74.5%; Cr 64.8-73.6%; Co 82.2-84.2%; Zn 63.3-66.1%; Pb 71.4-77.9%; and Ni 76-80%. Mass balance analysis revealed that the loss of metals from wastewater was equivalent to net accumulation in plants and natural degradation of metals. Metal accumulation strategies of plants were investigated using bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of metals which indicated that both plants could be employed for phytostabilization (BCF > 1 and TF < 1) of Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, and Ni and phytoextraction (BCF > 1 and TF > 1) of Mn and Zn. The study demonstrated that a reduction of pollutants (except Pb) was observed within permissible levels (BIS) and suggested disposal of municipal wastewater into the inland surface water bodies after 20 days of treatment. The study concluded that both the plants could potentially be used for an efficient municipal wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Mengist MF, Alves S, Griffin D, Creedon J, McLaughlin MJ, Jones PW, Milbourne D. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for tuber-cadmium and zinc concentration in potato reveals associations with maturity and both overlapping and independent components of genetic control. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:929-945. [PMID: 29307117 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-3048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a toxic metal, whilst Zn is an essential for plant and human health. Both can accumulate in potato tubers. We examine the genetic control of this process. The aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing tuber concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). We developed a segregating population comprising 188 F1 progeny derived from crossing two tetraploid cultivars exhibiting divergent tuber-Cd-accumulation phenotypes. These progeny were genotyped using the SolCap 8303 SNP array, and evaluated for Cd, Zn, and maturity-related traits. Linkage and QTL mapping were performed using TetraploidSNPMap software, which incorporates all allele dosage information. The final genetic map comprised 3755 SNP markers with average marker density of 2.94 per cM. Tuber-Cd and Zn concentrations were measured in the segregating population over 2 years. QTL mapping identified four loci for tuber-Cd concentration on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, which explained genetic variance ranging from 5 to 33%, and five loci for tuber-Zn concentration on chromosome 1, 3, 5, and, 6 explaining from 5 to 38% of genetic variance. Among the QTL identified for tuber-Cd concentration, three loci coincided with tuber-Zn concentration. The largest effect QTL for both tuber-Cd and Zn concentration coincided with the maturity locus on chromosome 5 where earliness was associated with increased tuber concentration of both metals. Coincident minor-effect QTL for Cd and Zn sharing the same direction of effect was also found on chromosomes 3 and 6, and these were unrelated to maturity The results indicate partially overlapping genetic control of tuber-Cd and Zn concentration in the cross, involving both maturity-related and non-maturity-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla F Mengist
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheila Alves
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Denis Griffin
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Joanne Creedon
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Jonhstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- Soil Science Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Peter W Jones
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan Milbourne
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland.
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Mengist MF, Milbourne D, Griffin D, McLaughlin MJ, Creedon J, Jones PW, Alves S. Cadmium uptake and partitioning in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars with different tuber-Cd concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27384-27391. [PMID: 28975479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes grown in soil with high Cd concentrations can accumulate high levels of Cd in the tubers. Although there is significant environmental variation involved in the trait of crop uptake of Cd, there are also distinctive cultivar differences. In order to understand this differential Cd accumulation mechanism, two potato cultivars were chosen that accumulate high and low levels of Cd in tubers. The patterns of Cd concentration, Cd content and dry weight accumulation of the two cultivars were examined at different stages of plant growth. The data suggest that differences in total Cd uptake and in Cd partitioning among organs are the mechanisms governing differential Cd-tuber accumulation in the two cultivars. The low tuber-Cd accumulator exhibited lower root-to-shoot and shoot-to-tuber translocation driven by higher root and shoot biomass that retained more Cd in roots and shoots, respectively, reducing its movement to the tubers. Higher remobilization and more efficient tuber loading was observed in the high tuber-Cd accumulator, indicating that remobilization of Cd from leaves to tubers was a major factor, not only in tuber-Cd loading, but also in the establishment of differential tuber-Cd levels. Regardless of cultivar differences, the concentration of Cd in the tuber was very low compared to that in other organs suggesting that, despite its high phloem mobility, Cd tends to be sequestered in the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molla F Mengist
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dan Milbourne
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Denis Griffin
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- Soil Science Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Joanne Creedon
- Teagasc, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Y35 Y521, Ireland
| | - Peter W Jones
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheila Alves
- Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Co., Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland.
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Dietary Intake of Metals from Fresh Cage-Reared Hens’ Eggs in Tenerife, Canary Islands. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5972153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Sr, Ni, Si, Al, Pb, and Cd) in cage-reared hens’ eggs have been determined in this study using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). There were significant differences in the metal content depending on the edible part of the egg, with the yolk having the greater concentrations of metals. The daily consumption of eggs (24.3 g/person/day for children and 31.2 g/person/day for adults) contributes to the intake of trace metals, notably Fe (3.8% children, 3.2% women, and 6.5% men) and Zn (4.5% children, 6.6% women, and 4.9% men). In addition, the consumption of eggs does not imply a high contribution of toxic metals.
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Tadesse B, Atlabachew M, Mekonnen KN. Concentration levels of selected essential and toxic metals in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) of West Gojjam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:514. [DOI: http:/springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40064-015-1301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
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Concentration levels of selected essential and toxic metals in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) of West Gojjam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:514. [PMID: 26405634 PMCID: PMC4573964 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most widely used as a staple food crop for human diets. It is an excellent source of minerals. In this study, contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cd and Pb in potato cultivars cultivated in Yilmana Densa, and Mecha districts of the West Gojjam zone, Ethiopia were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A 0.50 g oven-dried potato sample was digested using a mixture of 10 mL HNO3:HClO4 (4:1 v/v) at 120 °C for 3 h. The concentration ranges in dry weight basis in decreasing order were: Mg (420–438 mg/kg) > Ca (176–254 mg/kg) > Fe (27.3–90.4 mg/kg) > Zn (20.6–77.7 mg/kg) > (2.00–17.4 mg/kg) for Pb. The toxic heavy metal Cd was below the limit of detection in all the analyzed samples (<0.1 mg/kg). The Mg found in highest contents while Fe was the most abundant microelement. The Cd was found below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of WHO/FAO and European Commission (EC) while Pb was above the limit. A wide range of variations was observed in the metal contents of potato cultivars collected from the two districts. Potato cultivars grown in West Gojam zone of Ethiopian could contribute a substantial amount of Fe and Zn together with the major elements, Ca and Mg to the individual’s daily dietary needs if consumed on a regular basis.
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Luis G, Rubio C, Revert C, Espinosa A, González-Weller D, Gutiérrez A, Hardisson A. Dietary intake of metals from yogurts analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Luis-González G, Rubio C, Gutiérrez Á, González-Weller D, Revert C, Hardisson A. Essential and toxic metals in taros (Colocasia esculenta) cultivated in the Canary Islands (Spain): evaluation of content and estimate of daily intake. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4138. [PMID: 25412891 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Taros are a staple in the diet of many people around the world, and they are an excellent source of minerals. Monitoring the levels of metals in food provides basic information that is useful from the perspectives of safety, regulation, and nutrition. Forty-two samples of taros were randomly obtained from supermarkets, vegetable markets, and farmer's plots on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The edible portion (pulp) was the only part considered for analysis. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used to determine the contents of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The levels of Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Mean concentrations (mg/kg) were 565.6 Na, 2947 K, 231.4 Ca, 364.5 Mg, 1.224 Cu, 3.818 Fe, 1.408 Mn, 2.242 Zn, 0.044 Cr, 0.021 Ni, 0.003 Cd, and 0.006 Pb. The mean concentrations of Cd and Pb were well below the accepted European Commission limits (0.1 mg/kg weight for both metals, respectively). Daily consumption of taro (10.41 g taro/person/day) contributes to the dietary intake of essential metals and trace elements, mainly Mg (1.265% in adult women and 1.084% in adult men) and Cu (1.182% for adult men and women). The average daily intakes of Cd (0.031 μg/day) and Pb (0.062 μg/day) from taro were below the legislated respective tolerable weekly intakes (TWIs). Thus, the samples analyzed were considered safe to eat based on their metal concentrations and legislated allowable intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Luis-González
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Luis G, Rubio C, González-Weller D, Gutiérrez AJ, Revert C, Hardisson A. Evaluation of content and estimation of daily intake of cadmium and lead in several varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivated in the Canary Islands (Spain). J Food Prot 2014; 77:659-64. [PMID: 24680081 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the metal content in foods such as potatoes is an important aspect of food safety and regulation. Samples of nine varieties of potatoes (73 samples of local potatoes and 77 samples of imported potatoes) were randomly obtained from supermarkets, farmers markets, and farmer plots in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The edible portion (pulp) was the only part considered for analysis because Spaniards traditionally eat only peeled potatoes. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Cd concentrations ranged from 0.006 mg/kg in the Cara and Negra varieties to 0.019 mg/kg in the Bonita variety, and Pb concentrations ranged from 0.007 mg/kg in the Up-to-date variety to 0.023 mg/kg in the Recara variety. The mean concentrations of Cd (0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (0.014 mg/kg) were below the limits established by European regulations for potatoes (0.1 mg/kg of wet weight for each metal). Based on a mean consumption of 143.2 g of potato per person per day for the Canary Islands population, the mean daily intakes of Cd (0.015 mg/day) and Pb (0.023 mg/day) were below the legislated respective tolerable weekly intakes. Thus, the samples analyzed were considered safe to eat with regard to the metal concentrations found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luis
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38071, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38071, Spain.
| | - D González-Weller
- Health Inspection and Laboratory Service, Canary Health Service, S/C de Tenerife, Canary Islands 38006, Spain
| | - A J Gutiérrez
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38071, Spain
| | - C Revert
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38071, Spain
| | - A Hardisson
- Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands 38071, Spain
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Luis G, Rubio C, Gutiérrez AJ, González-Weller D, Revert C, Hardisson A. Evaluation of metals in several varieties of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.): comparative study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:433-440. [PMID: 23979675 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potatoes are a staple in the diet of some people and an excellent source of minerals. Metal monitoring in food, like sweet potatoes, provides basic information on safety aspects in regulatory processes as well as nutritional values. One hundred five samples of three varieties of sweet potatoes were randomly obtained from supermarkets, farmers markets, and farmers' plots in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The edible portion (pulp) was the only part considered for analysis. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the contents of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), while the levels of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations were 500 Na, 4409 K, 564 Ca, 609 Mg, 1.291 Cu, 6.554 Fe, 2.324 Mn, 2.348 Zn, 0.028 Cr, 0.048 Ni, 0.001 Cd, and 0.003 Pb mg/kg, respectively. Potassium presented the highest contents in all varieties of sweet potatoes. Iron was the most abundant microelement. The orange fleshed sweet potato variety offered greater nutritional contributions to the recommended intakes than the rest of the varieties studied. The estimated mean daily intake of Ni (0.72 mg/day) detected in our samples was highly consistent with other studies. Average daily intakes of Cd (0.015 μg/day) and Pb (0.045 μg/day) were below toxicological reference values. In conclusion, the levels of Cd and Pb detected in the sweet potatoes analyzed do not represent any toxicological risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Luis
- Department of Toxicology of the University of La Laguna, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Nassar AMK, Sabally K, Kubow S, Leclerc YN, Donnelly DJ. Some Canadian-grown potato cultivars contribute to a substantial content of essential dietary minerals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4688-4696. [PMID: 22462494 DOI: 10.1021/jf204940t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Potato consumption provides significant dietary contributions to several essential minerals, but the effects of cultivar and planting site are not well-understood. The mineral content of 16 cultivars, grown at 5 locations, was measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and evaluated on a per serving basis for percent recommended daily intake (% RDI), emphasizing some minerals where global deficiencies are common (calcium, iron, selenium, and zinc). Discriminant analysis showed that both genotype and growing location were important. Differences in mineral content occurred between cultivars at each site, specific cultivars at different sites, and collectively between sites. 'Freedom', 'Yukon Gold', and particularly the very stable mineral source 'Russet Burbank' contributed most to the % RDI for minerals. One serving per day of these cultivars provides a significant contribution to the % RDI for the macrominerals magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium and the trace minerals copper, iron, selenium, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M K Nassar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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