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Letendre A, Khan M, Bartel R, Chiang B, James A, Shewchuk B, Kima J, Macphail M, Vaska M, Schwann M, Yang H, Kopciuk KA. Creation of a Métis-Specific Instrument for Cancer Screening: A Scoping Review of Cancer-Screening Programs and Instruments. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9849-9859. [PMID: 37999135 PMCID: PMC10670396 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the barriers to and facilitators of cancer screening programs among Indigenous populations remains limited. In the spirit of mutual respect, this co-led, collaborative project was carried out between the Métis Nation of Alberta and Screening Programs from Alberta Health Services (AHS). This scoping review assessed the cancer screening literature for available questionnaires and then identified themes and suitable questions for a Métis-specific cancer screening questionnaire. Literature searches on cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening programs and related concepts were conducted in electronic databases, including the Native Health Database, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, PubMed, PubMed Central, CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ebsco), Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Web of Science. Grey literature was collected from AHS Insite, Open Archives Initiative repository, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology, Google, and Google Scholar. 135 articles were screened based on the eligibility criteria with 114 articles selected, including 14 Indigenous-specific ones. Knowledge, attitude, belief, behaviour, barrier, and facilitator themes emerged from the review, but no Métis-specific cancer screening instruments were found. Thus, one was developed using existing cancer screening instruments, with additional questions created by the project team. A survey of the Métis population in Alberta will use this questionnaire and provide data to address the burden of cancer among Métis people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Letendre
- Cancer Prevention & Screening Innovation, Provincial, Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Momtafin Khan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (M.K.)
| | - Reagan Bartel
- Métis Nation of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5G 0X5, Canada; (R.B. & A.J. & J.K.)
| | - Bonnie Chiang
- Screening Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (B.C.); (M.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ashton James
- Métis Nation of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5G 0X5, Canada; (R.B. & A.J. & J.K.)
| | - Brittany Shewchuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (M.K.)
| | - June Kima
- Métis Nation of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5G 0X5, Canada; (R.B. & A.J. & J.K.)
| | - Meghan Macphail
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - Marcus Vaska
- Knowledge Resource Service, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada;
| | - Monica Schwann
- Screening Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (B.C.); (M.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huiming Yang
- Screening Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (B.C.); (M.S.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - Karen A. Kopciuk
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada; (M.K.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology and Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Allahverdipour H, Badri M, Shaghaghi A, Mahmoodi H, Heizomi H, Shirzadi S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M. Medications Non-adherence Reasoning Scale (MedNARS): Development and psychometric properties appraisal. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:212-218. [PMID: 37808946 PMCID: PMC10558970 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proper elucidation of medication non-adherence reasoning especially in older adults might pave the way for an auspicious therapeutic outcome. The main aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Medications Non-adherence Reasoning (MedNARS) questionnaire for application in research and probably practice settings. Methods A mixed methods design was utilized to develop the MedNARS. The item pool was mainly generated based on a qualitative query and literature review. The expert panel approved version of the MedNARS was psychometrically assessed on a convenience sample of 220 older patients with chronic disease. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content and face validity of the scale were appraised and its construct validity was assed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results A nine-item version of the MedNARS was drafted based on the classical item analysis procedures and its estimated internal consistency measure of the Cronbach's alpha (0.85) and test-retest reliability (0.96) were in the vicinity of acceptable range. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) output revealed a unidimensional structure for the MedNARS and the conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated an acceptable data fit for the extracted one-factor model. The goodness of fit indices were as the followings: χ2 /df=1.63(90% CI: 0.02 to 0.11), root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA)=(0.07), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.95, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)=0.93 and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMSR)=(0.05). Conclusion The study findings were indicative of MedNARS's applicability and feasibility for use in assessment of medication non-adherence reasoning among the elderly patients with chronic diseases. The MedNARS as a brief and elder-friendly instrument can be applied both in research and practice settings to enhance efficiency, safety, and health outcomes of the therapeutic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Allahverdipour
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Health Education & Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Badri
- Health Education & Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Shaghaghi
- Health Education & Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Haleh Heizomi
- Health Education & Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Shirzadi
- Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, 3144, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mahboobighazaani F, Karimi M, Azadbakht M, Ghahremani L. Design and psychometric evaluation of the breast cancer screening behaviors scale based on the health action model (HAM). BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:445. [DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is known as the most common cancer and the first-rank malignancy among women. Screening plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and timely treatment. This paper presents the results of design, evaluation and analysis of a questionnaire based on the health action model to investigate breast cancer screening behaviors and their relevant factors.
Methods
The study is based on using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches for optimal design and development of research tools. In order to design the structure of the health action model and screening behaviors related factors, both qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews and quantitative approaches studied. Psychometric properties of the research tool were investigated through literature review. The research population consisted of 210 30–69 years old females based in Kashan who were selected through simple random sampling. The relative and content validity indexes were calculated to judge the content of the tool. Also, the confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Additionally, intra-class correlation coefficient and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient were calculated to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 and AMOS 22 software packages.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 43 ± 9.82 Years old. The final version of the questionnaire was prepared in four sections, namely demographic factors (15 items), knowledge (12 items), constructs of the health action model or the factors related to breast cancer screening behaviors (67 items), and behavior (6 items). Factor analysis confirmed that the health action model fits in measuring breast cancer screening behaviors.
Conclusion
The tool designed for measuring breast cancer screening behaviors showed acceptable psychometric properties amongst females and can be used as a valid tool in conducting research in health studies.
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Shirzadi S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Harrison MM, Allahverdipour H. Development and validation of the psychometric properties of the perceived barriers of mammography scale. Health Care Women Int 2022; 45:621-641. [PMID: 35587356 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.1971671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS-23). Based on a mixed method design researchers generated item pool through qualitative data and literature review and next, 500 women ages 40 to 69 years completed the questionnaire. Based on exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis, 23 items, researchers revealed eight domains of fate and destiny, breast conflict, defense avoidance, inconveniences/difficulties of mammography screening, contrasting/competing priorities, fear, distrust of mammography, and lack of knowledge with appropriate fitness for the data. PBMS-23 is valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived barriers of mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Shirzadi
- Department of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Allahverdipour
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li C, Lu X, Wong CL, Gao F, Chan CW. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Chinese Preventive Health Model instrument for measuring the psychosocial factors in hepatocellular carcinoma screening among patients with hepatitis B. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kwok C, Lee CF. Assessment of the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 9:69-74. [PMID: 35528800 PMCID: PMC9072186 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the cultural adaptability and psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ). Methods A total of 253 women aged 18 years and older with no history of breast cancer was included in the analysis. Results Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit for the hypothesized three-factor structure of the original version of the BCSBQ. The results indicated that the frequency of women’s breast cancer screening practices and their educational levels were significantly associated with “Attitudes towards general check-ups”. Demonstrating the Cronbach’s α of the three subscales ranged between 0.79 and 0.85 while the corrected item-total correlations for the hypothesized subscales ranged from 0.38 to 0.74, constituted a result which indicated that the Vietnamese version of the BCSBQ had satisfactory validity and internal consistency. Conclusions The Vietnamese version of the BCSBQ is a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for examining the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes about breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices among Vietnamese women living in Australia.
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Türkoğlu N, Sis Çelik A. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:116-122. [PMID: 33870110 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2020.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is an important public health problem because of its frequent occurence and fatal consequences. Early diagnosis of breast cancer increases the treatment success and survival. For the early diagnosis of breast cancer, women's screening beliefs and attitudes need to be determined. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale to determine patients' beliefs and attitudes regarding breast cancer screening. Materials and Methods This methodological study was carried out with 261 women. A survey form and the Turkish version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale were used in the data collection. Coverage validity was determined by the coverage validity index, and the Davis technique, item-total score correlations, Cronbach alpha evaluation, factor analysis, and AMOS analysis were used. Results The factor structure of the 13-item Turkish version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale was examined. After the factor analysis, a threefactor structure emerged which accounted for 70% of the total variance and has an eigenvalue of over 1.00. In the internal consistency analyses of the scale, item-total score correlation values ranged from 0.37 to 0.90, and no items were extracted from the scale. Conclusion The Turkish version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool in determining the screening beliefs and attitudes of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Türkoğlu
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sis Çelik
- Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Sharif Nia H, Behmanesh F, Kwok C, Firouzbakht M, Ebadi A, Nikpour M. Breast cancer screening beliefs questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Persian version. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32807163 PMCID: PMC7433114 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess such beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. This study aimed to translate Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian women. METHODS In this methodological study, the twelve-item Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire was translated into Persian and filled out by 1256 Iranian women. Face, content, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for construct validity evaluation. Reliability was also evaluated through calculating Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Average inter-item correlation, and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and finally, composite reliability was estimated. RESULTS Three factors were extracted in factor analysis which included screening attitude, screening knowledge and perception, and screening practice. These factors explained 55.71% of the total variance of breast cancer screening beliefs. This three-factor model was confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis based on model fit indices (PCFI = 0.703, PNFI = 0.697, CMIN/DF = 2.127, RMSEA = 0.30, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.998, and CFI = 0.991). Convergent and discriminant validity were also confirmed. Composite reliability and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient were more than 0.7. CONCLUSION With a three-factor structure, the Persian Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and hence, can be used to evaluate Iranian women's breast cancer screening beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behmanesh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran
| | - Cannas Kwok
- Sydney Nursing School, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mojgan Firouzbakht
- Reproductive health, Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol. University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Life style institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Department Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Nikpour
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Institute, Babol. University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR, Iran.
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Liu N, Wang J, Chen DD, Sun WJ, Zhang W. Tools for the assessment of breast cancer screening beliefs in women: a literature review. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:645-655. [PMID: 31298055 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2018-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This review aims to compare the development, characteristics and validity of three widely used breast cancer screening belief tools (the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale [CHBMS], the Breast Module of a Cancer Awareness Measures [BCAM] and the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire [BCSBQ]). Materials & methods: Literature reports were retrieved from electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, and other references. All three tools had good reliability and validity. Certain significant differences between these tools should be noted. Results: CHBMS, BCAM and BCSBQ are valid and reliable instruments within certain populations. Due to the high heterogeneity among the targeted population, their characteristics and those of the instruments should be fully considered for clinical decision-making. Conclusion: The conclusion of this review contributes to the development of a more comprehensive and objective instruments based on the deficiencies of the existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Wei-Jia Sun
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
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Wong FMF, Cheng WLS. Breast Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors in Menopausal and Postmenopausal Women. J Menopausal Med 2019; 25:41-48. [PMID: 31080788 PMCID: PMC6487282 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2019.25.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined breast cancer screening (BCS) practices and its associated factors among menopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted using convenience sampling at a community center. The modified Chinese BCS Belief questionnaire was used to understand BCS practice. Results A total of 144 eligible women presented better knowledge and perceptions about breast cancer (mean, 11.46; standard deviation [SD], 3.65) and barriers to achieving mammographic screening (mean, 14.75; SD, 3.70). Participants aged ≥ 50 years had a negative association with the attitudes towards general health check-ups (B = −1.304, standard error [SE] = 0.65, P = 0.046). In this context, having regular physical exercise had a positive association with attitudes towards general health check ups (B = 1.458, SE = 0.06, P = 0.017), and knowledge and perceptions about breast cancer (B = 1.068, SE = 0.62, P = 0.086). Being employed had a positive associated with barriers to achieving mammographic screening (B = 1.823, SE = 0.51, P < 0.001). Conclusions The women had better knowledge and perception about breast cancer and fewer barriers to mammographic screening. However, attitudes towards general health check-ups were relatively poor. It is noteworthy that women who aged ≥ 50 years and had insufficient physical exercise had poor attitudes. Those who were employed had fewer barriers, and those who had regular physical exercise had better knowledge on the benefits of the BCS practice. Importantly, women who aged ≥ 50 years and lack physical exercise need education about breast cancer to increase their awareness of breast wellness.
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Kwok C, Lee MJ, Lee CF. Breast Cancer Perceptions and Screening Behaviours Among Korean Women in Australia. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:126-133. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Ozgoli G, Ebadi A, Kariman N, Ghasemi V, Rashidi Fakari F. Translation and Psychometric Testing Persian Version of Breast Cancer Screening Belief Questionnaire (BCSBQ) in Iranian Women. J Caring Sci 2019; 8:33-38. [PMID: 30915311 PMCID: PMC6428158 DOI: 10.15171/jcs.2019.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Women's screening beliefs play an important role in their performance. Since a short form questionnaire is necessary in the assessment of screening beliefs in Iranian society, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometric evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional methodological study, 300 Iranian women who were aged 18 years or older, and who were attending healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, were selected in 2017-18. After a backward-forward translation procedure of BCSBQ was carried out, the face, content and construct validity of breast cancer-screening beliefs questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, the reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficients. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to extract three distinct factors, including: attitude, knowledge, and barriers to screening. The three-factor model fit was accepted for all factors based on standard indices (RMSEA = 0.12, χ2 = 2.832, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.8, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.92). In addition, the instrument’s reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The instrument had an appropriate Cronbach alpha (0.78). The interclass correlation coefficient was obtained to be 0.93 within a range of 0.83-0.97. Conclusion: The three-factor structure of the BCSBQ-12 had appropriate validity and reliability among Iranian women. Considering its appropriate psychometric properties, this instrument can be employed in subsequent studies to measure women's breast cancer screening beliefs in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Student Research Committee, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Ozgoli
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nourossadat Kariman
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Ghasemi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yeung MPS, Chan EYY, Wong SYS, Yip BHK, Cheung PSY. Hong Kong female’s breast cancer awareness measure: Cross-sectional survey. World J Clin Oncol 2019; 10:98-109. [PMID: 30815376 PMCID: PMC6390121 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v10.i2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer. Breast cancer accounted for 26.6% of all new cancers in females diagnosed in 2015 in Hong Kong.
AIM To examine women’s awareness, perception, knowledge, and screening practice of breast cancer in Hong Kong.
METHODS We carried out a population-based survey using random telephone interviews to women aged 18 or above using the United Kingdom Cancer Research Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (United Kingdom CAM). The data was analysed using proportions, chi-square test (χ2-test) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
RESULTS A total of 1000 participants completed the CAM questionnaire from 1,731 responses (response rate = 57.8%) from September to October 2017. One in five and one in four respondents recalled ≥ 3 early warning signs and ≥ 2 risk factors of breast cancer respectively. The majority (62.6%) reported they were not confident that they would notice a change in their breasts. Among the respondents, 16.8% would have regular mammography at least every two years. In general, 4 in 10 women had tried practices on preventing breast cancer. Respondents with better result in recalling breast cancer signs and symptoms were more likely to seek immediate medical help when noticed a change in their breasts (χ2-test P = 0.038), and more likely had tried prevention practice (χ2-test P < 0.001). Respondents received higher education (secondary school or above) had higher breast cancer awareness (OR = 2.83, CI: 1.61-4.97), more frequent screening (OR = 2.64, CI: 1.63-4.26) and more had tried prevention practices (OR = 2.80, CI: 1.96-4.02) when compared to those with lower education. Those in age groups 31-45 and 46-60 had higher percentages in performing breast self-exam and mammography when compared to the 18-30 and 61 or above age groups.
CONCLUSION Population-wide public health initiatives should emphasize on prevention and early detection of breast cancer in women, with targeted strategy for those with low education level and advance in age.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Pui Shan Yeung
- Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- Division of Global Health and Humanitarian Medicine, the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare, the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Hon Kei Yip
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare, the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Gan YX, Lao CK, Chan A. Breast cancer screening behavior, attitude, barriers among middle-aged Chinese women in Macao, China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:e560-e570. [PMID: 29741646 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the third leading cause of death from cancer among females in Macao, but little is known about local practice of breast cancer screening. The study aims to evaluate breast cancer screening behaviors and to identify the predictors of insufficient knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and its screening among female residents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2016 in Macao. Quota sampling of women completed the modified Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs questionnaire (CBCSB) to assess their breast cancer-related perceptions, screening attitudes and behaviors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the predictors of poor-screening practices, attitudes, knowledge and perceived barriers to mammography. Result A total of 417 women (mean age±SD: 50.5±5.7) completed surveys, with 160 (38.4%), 196 (47.0%) and 103 (24.7%) women received breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammography as recommended, respectively. Nulliparity (OR=2.56, 95% CI = 1.14-5.73) and low education (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.04-2.84) were significantly associated with negative attitude towards health check-ups. Women did not know anyone with breast cancer (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.50-3.55) were more likely to have insufficient knowledge about breast cancer. Low education (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.25-3.04) and not knowing anyone with breast cancer (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.31-3.13) were identified as predictors for perceived barriers to mammography. Conclusion Recommendations for breast cancer screening are poorly followed by the residents in Macao, and a culturally tailored educational program is urgently needed to raise the public's awareness of the disease and the screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiang Gan
- Oncology Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Kin Lao
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao SAR, China
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Oncology Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S4, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, Singapore
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Bao Y, Kwok C, Lee CF. Breast cancer screening behaviors among Chinese women in Mainland China. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 20:445-451. [PMID: 29920900 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we reported on the current breast cancer screening rates among Chinese women in China and examined whether demographic factors and cultural beliefs were associated with their screening behavior. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 494 Chinese women who completed the modified Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ). Two-sample t-tests and multivariable logistic regression were employed to analyze the data. The results indicated that participation in screening practices ranged from 27.5% for breast self-examination (BSE), 36.4% for clinical breast examination, 23.5% for mammography, and 40% for ultrasonography. Women who had previously engaged in one of the four screening practices had significantly higher scores on the three subscales of the modified BCSBQ. Being older and having a friend who had been diagnosed with breast cancer were shown to be predictors for BSE and participation in either mammography or ultrasonography, respectively. Education levels were also shown to be positively associated with the four screening measures. We suggest that cultural beliefs about breast cancer and screening practices play a significant role in Chinese women's screening behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Bao
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Moghaddam Tabrizi F, Vahdati S, Khanahmadi S, Barjasteh S. Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening by Mammography in Women Referred to Health Centers of Urmia, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:997-1003. [PMID: 29693968 PMCID: PMC6031808 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In women, breast cancer accounts for 30 percent of all cancers and it is the second leading cause of mortality. Mammography is considered an effective procedure to detect early breast cancer recommended by World Health Organization. This study was aimed to evaluate breast cancer screening determinants in women referred to health centers of Urmia for mammography in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 348 women referred to health centers of Urmia were selected using multistage sampling. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire for mammography screening determinants, with a checklist including demographic characteristics, family, social and economic factors and midwifery background. Analysis was with SPSS software version 20for descriptive and inferential statistic tests, P<0.05 being considered significant. Results: The proportion performing mammography was 12%. Significant relationships were noted with income, menopause status, a history of breast cancer in close relatives, beliefs, inaccessibility, knowledge, cues to action, emotions, self-care, and life priorities (P<0.05). There were no significant links with age at marriage, first age of delivery, number of children, duration of breastfeeding, status of residency, education, marital status, occupation, history of breastfeeding, and previous breast problems (P>0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the status of breast cancer screening in participating women was not satisfactory. Therefore, promotion of screening methods by health policy makers in Iran is necessary and given that reliance solely on education is not sufficient, it is essential to pay attention to barriers and eliminate them.
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Marmarà D, Marmarà V, Hubbard G. A national cross-sectional study of adherence to timely mammography use in Malta. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:346. [PMID: 29587678 PMCID: PMC5870824 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine mammography improves survival. To achieve health benefits, women must attend breast screening regularly at recommended time intervals. Maltese women are routinely invited to undergo mammography at three-year intervals at an organized breast screening programme (MBSP) or can opt to attend a private clinic. Previous research shows that health beliefs, particularly perceived barriers, were the most significant predictors of uptake to the first MBSP invitation. Whether these beliefs and other factors are predictive of adherence with recommended time intervals for mammography at organized or private screening in Malta is unknown. For the first time, this paper explores the predictors for Maltese women screened within or exceeding the recommended three-year frequency in organized or private screening in Malta. METHODS Information was obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 404 women, aged 50 to 60 years at the time of their first MBSP invitation, where women's characteristics, knowledge, health beliefs and illness perceptions were compared. The main variable of interest was women's mammography attendance within a three-year interval (ADHERENT) or exceeding three years (NON-ADHERENT). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Mann Whitney test, Independent Samples t-test and Shapiro Wilk test. RESULTS At the time of the survey, 80.2% (n = 324) had been screened within three years (ADHERENT), 5.9% (n = 24) had exceeded the three-year frequency (NON-ADHERENT) while 13.9% (n = 56) never had a mammogram. No significant associations were found between ADHERENT or NON-ADHERENT women in relation to sociodemographic or health status variables (p > 0.05). Knowledge of screening frequency was significantly associated with women's mammography adherence (χ2 = 5.5, p = 0.020). Health beliefs were the strongest significant predictors to describe the variance between ADHERENT and NON-ADHERENT screeners. When Mann Whitney test and Independent Samples t-test were applied on mammography adherence, perceived barriers and cues to action were found to be the most important predictors (p = 0.000, p = 0.039 respectively). CONCLUSIONS To increase routine and timely mammography practices, women who are non-adherent to recommended time frequency guidelines should be targeted, together with their health beliefs, predominantly perceived barriers and cues to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Marmarà
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Room E9, Pathfoot, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland. .,Ministry for Health, Cancer Care Pathways Directorate, Sir Anthony Mamo Oncology Centre, Level -1, Dun Karm Psaila Street, Msida, MSD, 2090, Malta.
| | - Vincent Marmarà
- Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Room 408, Msida, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Gill Hubbard
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Room E9, Pathfoot, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland
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Lam M, Kwok C, Lee MJ. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of routine breast cancer screening practices among migrant-Australian women. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 42:98-103. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lam
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
| | - Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Western Sydney University; New South Wales
| | - Mi-Joung Lee
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; New South Wales
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Maltese Translation and Adaptation of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Breast Screening Among Maltese Women. J Nurs Meas 2017; 25:486-503. [PMID: 29268831 DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Translating, adapting, and piloting Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Mammography Screening (CHBMS-MS) and Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) among Maltese women. METHODS The Maltese questionnaire (Maltese Breast Screening Questionnaire [MBSQ]) was developed through 9 steps. Bilingual women (n = 15) completed MBSQ at 2 time points. RESULTS During forward-backward translations (Steps 1-4), 4 English controversial terms were raised. Twelve experts agreed on terminologies during adaptation process (Step 5). Following face validity (n = 6; Step 6), 3 items were deleted. Following reconciliation (Step 7) and proofreading (Step 8), MBSQ consisted of 121 items. Pilot testing (Step 9) showed positive correlation (CHBMS-MS = .87, IPQ-R = .85; p < .001); high Cronbach's alpha (CHBMS-MS = .93, IPQ-R = .92); overall acceptable internal consistency (CHBMS-MS = .69-.83, IPQ-R = .75-.93); and acceptable test-retest reliability correlations: CHBMS-MS (Maltese = .62-.76; English = .61-.84), IPQ-R (Maltese=.63-.82; English = .61-.91; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Maltese and English scale items demonstrated high reliability and validity preliminary values.
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Psychometric properties of the Modified Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire among Mainland Chinese women. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 28:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes About Breast Cancer and Screening Practices Among Arabic Women in Australia. Cancer Nurs 2017; 39:367-74. [PMID: 26645110 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabic women have been consistently reported as having remarkably low participation rates in breast cancer screening measures in their home countries and after migration to Western countries. Little is known about the screening behaviors of Arabic women in Australia. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to report breast cancer screening practices among Arabic women in Australia and to examine the relationship between (1) demographic factors and (2) the Arabic version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) score and women's breast screening behaviors. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional method was used. Both English and Arabic versions of the BCSBQ were administered to the 251 Arabic Australian women 18 years or older who participated in the study. RESULTS The majority of participants (62.9%-92%) had heard of breast awareness, clinical breast examination, and mammography. However, only 7.6% practiced breast awareness monthly, 21.4% had undergone clinical breast examination annually, and 40.3% had biannual mammography. Length of stay in Australia, being retired, and being unemployed were positively associated with the recommended performance of breast awareness and mammography. In terms of BCSBQ scores, women who engaged in the 3 screening practices had significantly higher scores on the attitudes to health check-ups and barriers to mammography subscales. CONCLUSION Attitudes toward health check-ups and perceived barriers to mammography were important determinants of breast cancer screening practices among Arabic Australian women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE To fully understand barriers discouraging Arabic Australian women from participating in breast cancer screening practices, efforts should be focused on specific subgroup (ie, working group) of Arabic Australian women.
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Ogunsiji OO, Kwok C, Fan LC. Breast cancer screening practices of African migrant women in Australia: a descriptive cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2017; 17:32. [PMID: 28412942 PMCID: PMC5392914 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, globally. Breast cancer mortality can be improved through routine cancer screening, yet migrant populations have lower participation rates. While African migrants are among the fastest growing migrant population in Australia, their breast cancer screening behaviour is under-studied. The aims of this study were to report breast cancer screening status of African migrant women and factors associated with their breast cancer screening behaviour in Australia. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional approach was utilised for this study. Two hundred and sixty four African migrant women aged 18-69 years and recruited from a number of organisations responded to a self-reported African version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ). Main research variables are breast cancer screening practices and demographic characteristics and total scores on each of the BCSBQ subscales. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the impact of the demographic variables on the likelihood of women in the target age range 50-74 years having screening practices as recommended. RESULTS While most of the participants heard of breast awareness (76.1%) and mammogram (85.2%), only 11.4% practised monthly breast awareness, whereas 65.9% had ever had a mammogram as frequently as recommended. Age and employment were determining factors for participating in mammogram. Significant different scores were found in the "Practical barriers" between women at the target age who had and had not performed breast awareness (80.4 versus 77.5, p-value = 0.002) and mammogram (77.1 versus 70.3, p-value = 0.009) regularly as recommended. Moreover, attitudes towards general health check-ups subscale scores were significantly higher in women who had performed clinical breast examination as frequently as recommended than those who had not. CONCLUSIONS The research reveals that practical barriers and attitudes towards general health check-ups are important factors to take into account in determining African migrant women's participation in breast cancer screening. Progress in reducing breast cancer deaths through early detection needs to focus on attitudinal change among African migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cannas Kwok
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Chun Fan
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
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VanDyke SD, Shell MD. Health Beliefs and Breast Cancer Screening in Rural Appalachia: An Evaluation of the Health Belief Model. J Rural Health 2016; 33:350-360. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santana D. VanDyke
- School of Medicine; The University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia
| | - Madelynn D. Shell
- Department of Social Sciences; The University of Virginia's College at Wise; Wise Virginia
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Kwok C, Pillay R, Lee CF. Psychometric Properties of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire Among Women of Indian Ethnicity Living in Australia. Cancer Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kwok C, Ogunsiji O, Lee CF. Validation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire among African Australian women. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:117. [PMID: 26846341 PMCID: PMC4743245 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) has been designed as a culturally appropriate instrument for assessing women’s beliefs, knowledge and attitudes to breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices. While it has proved to be a reliable instrument when applied to women of Chinese, Arabic and Korean origin living in Australia, its psychometric properties among women from African backgrounds have not been tested. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the BCSBQ among African Australian women. Methods The BCSBQ was administered to 284 African Australian women who were recruited from a number of African community organizations and churches. Factor analysis was conducted to study the factor structure. Construct validity was examined using Cuzick’s non-parametric test while Cronbach alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Results Exploratory factor analysis results demonstrated that the African-Australian BCSBQ can be conceptualized as a 4-factor model. The third factor, viz. “barriers to mammography”, was split into two separate factors namely, “psychological” and “practical” barriers. The results indicated that the African-Australian BCSBQ had both satisfactory validity and internal consistency. The Cronbach’s alpha of the three subscales ranged between 0.84-0.92. The frequency of breast cancer screening practices (breast awareness, clinical breast-examination and mammography) were significantly associated with attitudes towards general health check-ups and perceived barriers to mammographic screening. Conclusions Our study provided evidence to support the psychometric properties of the BCSBQ.in African Australian women. The study moreover demonstrated that the use of the instrument can help health professionals to understand the beliefs, knowledge and attitudes to breast cancer among African Australian women and also the factors that impact on their breast cancer screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannas Kwok
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Olayide Ogunsiji
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Chun Fan Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kwok C, Endrawes G, Lee CF. Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: Psychometric properties assessment of the Arabic version. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and screening behaviors among Indian-Australian women. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2015; 19:701-6. [PMID: 26051075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The aims of the study were to report breast cancer screening practices among Indian-Australian women and to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics, cultural beliefs and women's breast cancer screening (BCS) behaviors. METHOD A descriptive and cross-sectional method was used. Two hundred and forty two Indian-Australian women were recruited from several Indian organizations. English versions of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) were administered. The main research variables are BCS practices, demographic characteristics and total scores on each of the BCSBQ subscales. RESULT The majority of participants (72.7%-81.4%) had heard of breast awareness, clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammograms. Only 28.9% performed a BSE monthly and although 60% had practiced CBE, only 27.3% of women within the targeted age group had annual CBE. Only 23.6% of women within the targeted age group reported they had a mammogram biennial. Marital status and length of stay in Australia were positively associated with women's screening behaviors. In terms of BCSBQ score, women who had the three screening practices regularly as recommended obtained significantly higher scores on the "attitude towards general health check-ups" and "barriers to mammographic screening" subscales. There was a significant difference in the mean score of the "knowledge and perceptions about breast cancer" between women who did and who did not engage in breast awareness. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that attitudes toward health check-ups and perceived barriers to mammographic screening were influential in determining compliance with breast cancer screening practices among Indian-Australian women.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the incidence rates of breast cancer have been increasing remarkably in Hong Kong over the last 2 decades, little is known on breast cancer screening practices among this group of women. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to report breast cancer screening practices among Hong Kong Chinese women and to examine the relationship between (1) demographic factors and (2) the modified Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (CBCSB) score and women's breast screening behaviors. METHODS A descriptive and cross-sectional method was used. Both English and Chinese versions of the modified CBCSB were administered. Of 946 Hong Kong Chinese women older than 18 years and invited to participate in the study, 753 (79.6%) completed and returned the questionnaire. RESULTS The majority of participants (70%-90%) had heard of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammograms. Only 33.3% performed a BSE monthly; 37.8% and 32.7% of women within the targeted age group had a CBE annually and had a mammogram every 2 years, respectively. Being married and part-time employment were positively associated with women who performed BSE as recommended. In terms of modified CBCSB score, women who had BSE, CBE, and mammogram as recommended had significantly higher scores on the subscale attitudes to health check-up. CONCLUSION Attitudes toward health check-up was influential in compliance with breast cancer screening practices among Chinese-Australian women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Effort should be focused on specific subgroups of Hong Kong Chinese women, to fully understand the barriers involved in participating in breast cancer screening practices.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese women have been consistently reported as having low breast cancer screening practices. The Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (CBCSB) was designed to assess Chinese Australian women's beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes toward breast cancer and screening practices. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to confirm the factor structure of the CBCSB with a new, larger sample of immigrant Chinese Australian women and to report its clinical validity. METHODS A convenience sample of 785 Chinese Australian women was recruited from Chinese community organizations and shopping malls. Cronbach α was used to assess internal consistency reliability, and Amos v18 was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Clinical validity was assessed through linear regression using SPSS v18. RESULTS The 3-factor structure of the CBCSB was confirmed, although the model required respecification to arrive at a suitable model fit as measured by the goodness-of-fit index (0.98), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (0.97), normed fit index (0.95), and root mean square error of approximation (0.031). Internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory (>.6). Women who engaged in all 3 types of screening had more proactive attitudes to health checkups and perceived less barriers to mammographic screening. CONCLUSION The CBCSB is a valid and reliable tool for assessing Chinese women's beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes about breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE The CBCSB can be used for providing practicing nurses with insights into the provision of culturally sensitive breast health education.
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Liu Z, Speed S, Beaver K. Perceptions and attitudes towards exercise among Chinese elders - the implications of culturally based self-management strategies for effective health-related help seeking and person-centred care. Health Expect 2012; 18:262-72. [PMID: 23252344 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encouraging the uptake of physical activity among a culturally diverse elderly population presents a challenge for health-care providers across the world. Little is known about the health-care needs of these populations, for example the increasingly ageing group of Chinese elders in many parts of the world who are now facing later life and increasing challenges to their health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore behaviours and attitudes towards exercise among older Chinese immigrants in the UK to provide insights into the health of Chinese populations in the UK and elsewhere. DESIGN A Grounded Theory approach using purposive and theoretical sampling with in-depth semi-structured interviews. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Chinese elders were recruited from Chinese communities in the North West of England. Thirty-three participants were interviewed face-to-face and audio-recorded. RESULTS Participants self-managed exercise based on cultural perceptions of health and ingrained Chinese values. Professional support and information was lacking and relied on folk norms rather than person-centred recommendations for healthy living. Inappropriate exercise regimes could act as a substitute for seeking health-related advice when exercise was often used as a self-monitored barometer to assess their perceived health status. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Chinese elders may undertake inappropriate exercise, leading to high-risk situations, if appropriate professional information is not provided. Health-care practitioners should devote attention to understanding Chinese elders' attitudes towards exercise, as this may ultimately lead to successful health promotion activities. A person-centred approach that acknowledges and works with self-management practices is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmi Liu
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Psychometric properties of the Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs questionnaire. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012; 16:505-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kwok C, Fethney J, White K. Breast cancer screening practices among Chinese-Australian women. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012; 16:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang YH. Relationships between Knowledge about Early Detection, Cancer Risk Perception and Cancer Screening Tests in the General Public Aged 40 and Over. ASIAN ONCOLOGY NURSING 2012. [DOI: 10.5388/aon.2012.12.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Yang
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Kwok C, Fethney J, White K. Mammographic Screening Practices Among Chinese-Australian Women. J Nurs Scholarsh 2011; 44:11-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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