1
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Staab M, Gossner MM, Simons NK, Achury R, Ambarlı D, Bae S, Schall P, Weisser WW, Blüthgen N. Insect decline in forests depends on species' traits and may be mitigated by management. Commun Biol 2023; 6:338. [PMID: 37016087 PMCID: PMC10073207 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are declining, but the underlying drivers and differences in responses between species are still largely unclear. Despite the importance of forests, insect trends therein have received little attention. Using 10 years of standardized data (120,996 individuals; 1,805 species) from 140 sites in Germany, we show that declines occurred in most sites and species across trophic groups. In particular, declines (quantified as the correlation between year and the respective community response) were more consistent in sites with many non-native trees or a large amount of timber harvested before the onset of sampling. Correlations at the species level depended on species' life-history. Larger species, more abundant species, and species of higher trophic level declined most, while herbivores increased. This suggests potential shifts in food webs possibly affecting ecosystem functioning. A targeted management, including promoting more natural tree species composition and partially reduced harvesting, can contribute to mitigating declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rafael Achury
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Didem Ambarlı
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Soyeon Bae
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, 96181, Rauhenebrach, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Shi M, Dong K, Wu J, Huang J. Effects of Low-Temperature Acclimation on Nutrients of Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris Queens during Prediapause and Diapause. INSECTS 2023; 14:336. [PMID: 37103151 PMCID: PMC10145411 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A queen's diapause is a key period of the bumble bee life cycle that enables them to survive under unfavorable conditions. During diapause, queens fast, and nutritional reserves depend on the accumulation of nutrients during the prediapause period. Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting queens' nutrient accumulation during prediapause and nutrient consumption during diapause. Here, we used a 6-day-old mated queen of the bumble bee Bombus terrestris to evaluate the effect of temperature (10, 15, and 25 °C) and time (3, 6, and 9 days) on free water, protein, lipids, and total sugars during prediapause and at the end of 3 months of diapause. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that total sugars, free water, and lipids were much more affected by temperature than protein (p < 0.05). Lower temperature acclimation significantly increased (p < 0.05) free water and lipid accumulation by queens during prediapause. In contrast, higher temperature acclimation significantly increased (p < 0.05) protein and total sugar accumulation by queens during prediapause. The effect of temperature acclimation on the queen survival rate was not significantly different (p > 0.05) after 3 months of diapause. Moreover, lower temperature acclimation reduced protein, lipid, and total sugar consumption by queens during diapause. In conclusion, low-temperature acclimation increases queens' lipid accumulation during prediapause and reduces the nutritional consumption of queens during diapause. Low-temperature acclimation during prediapause could benefit queens by improving cold resistance and increasing reserves of major nutrient lipids during diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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3
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Bracis C, Wirsing AJ. Prey Foraging Behavior After Predator Introduction Is Driven by Resource Knowledge and Exploratory Tendency. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.698370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Predator reintroductions are often used as a means of restoring the ecosystem services that these species can provide. The ecosystem consequences of predator reintroduction depend on how prey species respond. Yet, to date, we lack a general framework for predicting these responses. To address this knowledge gap, we modeled the impacts of predator reintroduction on foragers as a function of predator characteristics (habitat domain; i.e., area threatened) and prey characteristics (knowledge of alternative habitat and exploratory tendency). Foraging prey had the capacity to both remember and return to good habitat and to remember and avoid predators. In general, we found that forager search time increased and consumption decreased after predator introduction. However, predator habitat domain played a key role in determining how much prey habitat use changed following reintroduction, and the forager's knowledge of alternative habitats and exploratory inclinations affected what types of habitat shifts occurred. Namely, habitat shifts and consumption sacrifices by prey were extreme in some cases, particularly when they were pushed far from their starting locations by broad-domain predators, whereas informed foragers spent less time searching and displayed smaller reductions to consumption than their naïve counterparts following predator exposure. More exploratory foragers exhibited larger habitat shifts, thereby sacrificing consumption but reducing encounters by relocating to refugia, whereas less exploratory foragers managed risk in place and consequently suffered increased encounters while consuming more resources. By implication, reintroductions of predators with broad habitat domains are especially likely to impose foraging and movements costs on prey, but forager spatial memory state can mitigate these effects, as informed foragers can better access alternate habitat and avoid predators with smaller reductions in consumption.
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4
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Perez‐Alvarez R, Grab H, Polyakov A, Poveda K. Landscape composition mediates the relationship between predator body size and pest control. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02365. [PMID: 33938606 PMCID: PMC8459275 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms contributing to positive relationships between predator diversity and natural pest control is fundamental to inform more effective management practices to support sustainable crop production. Predator body size can provide important insights to better understand and predict such predator-pest interactions. Yet, most studies exploring the link between predator body size and pest control have been conducted in species-poor communities under controlled environmental conditions, limiting our ability to generalize this relationship across heterogeneous landscapes. Using the community of naturally occurring ground beetles in cabbage fields, we examined how landscape composition (percent cropland) influences the size structure (mean, variance, and skewness of body size distribution) of predator communities and the subsequent effects on pest control. We found that predator communities shifted their size distribution toward larger body sizes in agriculturally dominated landscapes. This pattern arose from increasing numerical dominance of a few large-bodied species rather than an aggregated response across the community. Such landscape-driven changes in community size structure led to concomitant impacts on pest control, as the mean body size of predators was positively related to predation rates. Notably, the magnitude of pest control depended not only on the size of the dominant predators but was also strongly determined by the relative proportion of small vs. large-bodied species (i.e., skewness). Predation rates were higher in predator assemblages with even representation of small and large-bodied species relative to communities dominated by either large or small-bodied predators. Landscape composition may therefore modulate the relationship between predator body size and pest control by influencing the body size distribution of co-occurring species. Our study highlights the need to consider agricultural practices that not only boost effective predators, but also sustain a predator assemblage with a diverse set of traits to maximize overall pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Perez‐Alvarez
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
- Zoological BiodiversityInstitute of GeobotanyLeibniz University of HannoverHannover30167Germany
| | - Heather Grab
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
- School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
| | - Anthony Polyakov
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of EntomologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew York14853USA
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5
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Laubmeier AN, Rebarber R, Tenhumberg B. Towards understanding factors influencing the benefit of diversity in predator communities for prey suppression. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Laubmeier
- Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska–Lincoln 203 Avery Hall, PO BOX 880130 Lincoln Nebraska68588‐0130USA
| | - Richard Rebarber
- Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska–Lincoln 203 Avery Hall, PO BOX 880130 Lincoln Nebraska68588‐0130USA
| | - Brigitte Tenhumberg
- Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska–Lincoln 203 Avery Hall, PO BOX 880130 Lincoln Nebraska68588‐0130USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska–Lincoln 402 Manter Hall1104 T Street Lincoln Nebraska68588‐0118USA
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6
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Rendon D, Taylor PW, Whitehouse MEA. Multiple intraguild predators reduce mortality risk of a mutual agricultural pest prey in simple, but not in complex, experimental settings. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rendon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australian Cotton Research Institute; 21888 Kamilaroi Hwy Narrabri New South Wales 2390 Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Phillip W. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Mary E. A. Whitehouse
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food; Australian Cotton Research Institute; 21888 Kamilaroi Hwy Narrabri New South Wales 2390 Australia
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7
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Greenop A, Woodcock BA, Wilby A, Cook SM, Pywell RF. Functional diversity positively affects prey suppression by invertebrate predators: a meta-analysis. Ecology 2018; 99:1771-1782. [PMID: 29727489 PMCID: PMC6099248 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides within agricultural ecosystems has led to wide concern regarding negative effects on the environment. One possible alternative is the use of predators of pest species that naturally occur within agricultural ecosystems. However, the mechanistic basis for how species can be manipulated in order to maximize pest control remains unclear. We carried out a meta‐analysis of 51 studies that manipulated predator species richness in reference to suppression of herbivore prey to determine which components of predator diversity affect pest control. Overall, functional diversity (FD) based on predator's habitat domain, diet breadth and hunting strategy was ranked as the most important variable. Our analysis showed that increases in FD in polycultures led to greater prey suppression compared to both the mean of the component predator species, and the most effective predator species, in monocultures. Further analysis of individual traits indicated these effects are likely to be driven by broad niche differentiation and greater resource exploitation in functionally diverse predator communities. A decoupled measure of phylogenetic diversity, whereby the overlap in variation with FD was removed, was not found to be an important driver of prey suppression. Our results suggest that increasing FD in predatory invertebrates will help maximize pest control ecosystem services in agricultural ecosystems, with the potential to increase suppression above that of the most effective predator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arran Greenop
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Andy Wilby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Samantha M Cook
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Richard F Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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8
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Kersch-Becker MF, Grisolia BB, Campos MJO, Romero GQ. The role of spider hunting mode on the strength of spider–plant mutualisms. Oecologia 2018; 188:213-222. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Wan NF, Cai YM, Shen YJ, Ji XY, Wu XW, Zheng XR, Cheng W, Li J, Jiang YP, Chen X, Weiner J, Jiang JX, Nie M, Ju RT, Yuan T, Tang JJ, Tian WD, Zhang H, Li B. Increasing plant diversity with border crops reduces insecticide use and increases crop yield in urban agriculture. eLife 2018; 7:e35103. [PMID: 29792597 PMCID: PMC5967864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban agriculture is making an increasing contribution to food security in large cities around the world. The potential contribution of biodiversity to ecological intensification in urban agricultural systems has not been investigated. We present monitoring data collected from rice fields in 34 community farms in mega-urban Shanghai, China, from 2001 to 2015, and show that the presence of a border crop of soybeans and neighboring crops (maize, eggplant and Chinese cabbage), both without weed control, increased invertebrate predator abundance, decreased the abundance of pests and dependence on insecticides, and increased grain yield and economic profits. Two 2 year randomized experiments with the low and high diversity practices in the same locations confirmed these results. Our study shows that diversifying farming practices can make an important contribution to ecological intensification and the sustainable use of associated ecosystem services in an urban ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Feng Wan
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - You-Ming Cai
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Yan-Jun Shen
- Chongming Agricultural Technology Extension and Service CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang-Yun Ji
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang-Wen Wu
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang-Rong Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Cheng
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Li
- Climate Center of ShanghaiShanghaiChina
| | - Yao-Pei Jiang
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jie-Xian Jiang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rui-Ting Ju
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Yuan
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Jian-Jun Tang
- College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wei-Dong Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon AgricultureShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringShanghai Chongming Dongtan Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Biostatistics, Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming, (SIEC), Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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10
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Jonsson T, Kaartinen R, Jonsson M, Bommarco R. Predictive power of food web models based on body size decreases with trophic complexity. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:702-712. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
- Ecological Modelling group; School of Bioscience; University of Skövde; Box 408 SE-54128 Skövde Sweden
| | - Riikka Kaartinen
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
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11
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Sentis A, Gémard C, Jaugeon B, Boukal DS. Predator diversity and environmental change modify the strengths of trophic and nontrophic interactions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2629-2640. [PMID: 27862723 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dependence of species interaction strengths on environmental factors and species diversity is crucial to predict community dynamics and persistence in a rapidly changing world. Nontrophic (e.g. predator interference) and trophic components together determine species interaction strengths, but the effects of environmental factors on these two components remain largely unknown. This impedes our ability to fully understand the links between environmental drivers and species interactions. Here, we used a dynamical modelling framework based on measured predator functional responses to investigate the effects of predator diversity, prey density, and temperature on trophic and nontrophic interaction strengths within a freshwater food web. We found that (i) species interaction strengths cannot be predicted from trophic interactions alone, (ii) nontrophic interaction strengths vary strongly among predator assemblages, (iii) temperature has opposite effects on trophic and nontrophic interaction strengths, and (iv) trophic interaction strengths decrease with prey density, whereas the dependence of nontrophic interaction strengths on prey density is concave up. Interestingly, the qualitative impacts of temperature and prey density on the strengths of trophic and nontrophic interactions were independent of predator identity, suggesting a general pattern. Our results indicate that taking multiple environmental factors and the nonlinearity of density-dependent species interactions into account is an important step towards a better understanding of the effects of environmental variations on complex ecological communities. The functional response approach used in this study opens new avenues for (i) the quantification of the relative importance of the trophic and nontrophic components in species interactions and (ii) a better understanding how environmental factors affect these interactions and the dynamics of ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Sentis
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insects and Relict Ecosystems, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5174 'Evolution et Diversité Biologique', Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, École Nationale de Formation Agronomique, BP 22687, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Charlène Gémard
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Baptiste Jaugeon
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David S Boukal
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insects and Relict Ecosystems, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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12
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Hedgerow rejuvenation management affects invertebrate communities through changes to habitat structure. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Sitvarin MI, Rypstra AL. The importance of intraguild predation in predicting emergent multiple predator effects. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-2347.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Knop E, Zünd J, Sanders D. Interactive prey and predator diversity effects drive consumption rates. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Knop
- Inst. of Ecology and Evolution; Baltzerstr. 6 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jan Zünd
- Inst. of Ecology and Evolution; Baltzerstr. 6 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Dirk Sanders
- Inst. of Ecology and Evolution; Baltzerstr. 6 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Univ. of Exeter; Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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15
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Competitive displacement alters top-down effects on carbon dioxide concentrations in a freshwater ecosystem. Oecologia 2014; 175:353-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2877-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Woodcock BA, Harrower C, Redhead J, Edwards M, Vanbergen AJ, Heard MS, Roy DB, Pywell RF. National patterns of functional diversity and redundancy in predatory ground beetles and bees associated with key UK arable crops. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Collin Harrower
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - John Redhead
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Mike Edwards
- Leaside Carron Lane; Midhurst West Sussex GU29 9LB UK
| | - Adam J. Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate Penicuik Edinburgh EH260QB UK
| | - Matthew S. Heard
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - David B. Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Richard F. Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
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17
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Miller JRB, Ament JM, Schmitz OJ. Fear on the move: predator hunting mode predicts variation in prey mortality and plasticity in prey spatial response. J Anim Ecol 2013; 83:214-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. B. Miller
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies; Yale University; 370 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Judith M. Ament
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies; Yale University; 370 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Oswald J. Schmitz
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies; Yale University; 370 Prospect Street New Haven CT 06511 USA
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Schuldt A, Assmann T, Schaefer M. Scale-dependent diversity patterns affect spider assemblages of two contrasting forest ecosystems. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Bryant A, Brainard DC, Haramoto ER, Szendrei Z. Cover crop mulch and weed management influence arthropod communities in strip-tilled cabbage. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 42:293-306. [PMID: 23575020 DOI: 10.1603/en12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cover crop mulch and weeds create habitat complexity in agricultural fields that may influence arthropods. Under strip-tillage systems, planting rows are tilled and preestablished cover crops can remain between rows. In field experiments conducted in Michigan in 2010 and 2011, a preestablished oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop was allowed to grow between rows of strip-tilled cabbage and killed at 0, 9-14, or 21-27 d after transplanting (DAT). The effects of herbicide intensity and oat kill date on arthropods, weeds, and crop yield were examined. Two levels of herbicide intensity (low or high) were used to manipulate habitat vegetational complexity, with low weed management intensity resulting in more weeds, particularly in 2010. Oat kill date manipulated the amount of cover crop mulch on the soil surface. Later oat kill dates were associated with higher natural enemy abundance. Reduced herbicide intensity was associated with (1) lower abundance of several key cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) pests, and (2) greater abundance of important natural enemy species. Habitats with both later oat kill dates and reduced herbicide intensity contained (1) fewer herbivores with chewing feeding guilds and more specialized diet breadths, and (2) greater abundance of active hunting natural enemies. Oats reduced cabbage yield when oat kill was delayed past 9-14 DAT. Yields were reduced under low herbicide intensity treatments in 2010 when weed pressure was greatest. We suspect that increased habitat complexity associated with oat mulches and reduced herbicide intensity enhances biological control in cabbage, although caution should be taken to avoid reducing yields or enhancing hyperparasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Bryant
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Bldg., 288 Farm Lane Room 243, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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20
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Cresswell W, Quinn JL. Contrasting risks from different predators change the overall nonlethal effects of predation risk. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Wimp GM, Murphy SM, Lewis D, Douglas MR, Ambikapathi R, Van-Tull L, Gratton C, Denno RF. Predator hunting mode influences patterns of prey use from grazing and epigeic food webs. Oecologia 2012; 171:505-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Schuldt A, Bruelheide H, Härdtle W, Assmann T. Predator Assemblage Structure and Temporal Variability of Species Richness and Abundance in Forests of High Tree Diversity. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- Institute of Ecology; Leuphana University Lüneburg; Scharnhorststr. 1; D-21335; Lüneburg; Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Am Kirchtor 1; D-06108; Halle; Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology; Leuphana University Lüneburg; Scharnhorststr. 1; D-21335; Lüneburg; Germany
| | - Thorsten Assmann
- Institute of Ecology; Leuphana University Lüneburg; Scharnhorststr. 1; D-21335; Lüneburg; Germany
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23
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Ramos O, Van Buskirk J. Non-interactive multiple predator effects on tadpole survival. Oecologia 2011; 169:535-9. [PMID: 22159918 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ramos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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