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Pérez Medina KL, Torres-Pratts H, Maldonado Ramírez SL. Are Gasteromycetes Silent Helpers in Habitat Conservation? CARIBB J SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v53i1.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiara L. Pérez Medina
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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Gómez-Hernández M, Avendaño-Villegas E, Toledo-Garibaldi M, Gándara E. Impact of urbanization on functional diversity in macromycete communities along an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12191. [PMID: 34616630 PMCID: PMC8462387 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macromycetes are a group of fungi characterized by the production of fruit bodies and are highly relevant in most terrestrial ecosystems as pathogens, mutualists, and organic matter decomposers. Habitat transformation can drastically alter macromycete communities and diminish the contribution of these organisms to ecosystem functioning; however, knowledge on the effect of urbanization on macrofungal communities is scarce. Diversity metrics based on functional traits of macromycete species have shown to be valuable tools to predict how species contribute to ecosystem functionality since traits determine the performance of species in ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of species richness, functional diversity, and composition of macrofungi in an urban ecosystem in Southwest Mexico, and to identify microclimatic, environmental, and urban factors related to these patterns in order to infer the effect of urbanization on macromycete communities. We selected four oak forests along an urbanization gradient and established a permanent sampling area of 0.1 ha at each site. Macromycete sampling was carried out every week from June to October 2017. The indices used to measure functional diversity were functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDig), and functional evenness (FEve). The metric used to assess variation of macrofungal ecological function along the study area was the functional value. We recorded a total of 134 macromycete species and 223 individuals. Our results indicated a decline of species richness with increased urbanization level related mainly to microclimatic variables, and a high turnover of species composition among study sites, which appears to be related to microclimatic and urbanization variables. FRic decreased with urbanization level, indicating that some of the available resources in the niche space within the most urbanized sites are not being utilized. FDig increased with urbanization, which suggests a high degree of niche differentiation among macromycete species within communities in urbanized areas. FEve did not show notable differences along the urbanization gradient, indicating few variations in the distribution of abundances within the occupied sections of the niche space. Similarly, the functional value was markedly higher in the less urbanized site, suggesting greater performance of functional guilds in that area. Our findings suggest that urbanization has led to a loss of macromycete species and a decrease in functional diversity, causing some sections of the niche space to be hardly occupied and available resources to be under-utilized, which could, to a certain extent, affect ecosystem functioning and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gómez-Hernández
- CONACYT-CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Etelvina Gándara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Wang W, Sun J, Zhong Z, Xiao L, Wang Y, Wang H. Relating macrofungal diversity and forest characteristics in boreal forests in China: Conservation effects, inter-forest-type variations, and association decoupling. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13268-13282. [PMID: 34646468 PMCID: PMC8495802 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION How conservation and forest type affect macrofungal compositional diversity is not well understood. Even less is known about macrofungal associations with plants, soils, and geoclimatic conditions. LOCATION Southern edge of boreal forest distribution in China, named as Huzhong Nature Reserve. METHODS We surveyed a total of 72 plots for recording macrofungi, plants, and topography in 2015 and measured soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and bulk density. Effects of conservation and forest types on macrofungi and plants were compared, and their associations were decoupled by structural equation modeling (SEM) and redundancy ordination (RDA). RESULTS Conservation and forest type largely shaped macrofungal diversity. Most of the macrofungal traits declined with the conservation intensities or peaked at the middle conservation region. Similarly, 91% of macrofungal traits declined or peaked in the middle succession stage of birch-larch forests. Forest conservation resulted in the observation of sparse, larch-dominant, larger tree forests. Moreover, the soil outside the Reserve had more water, higher fertility, and lower bulk density, showing miscellaneous wood forest preference. There is a complex association between conservation site characteristics, soils, plants, and macrofungi. Variation partitioning showed that soil N was the top-one factor explaining the macrofungal variations (10%). As shown in SEM coefficients, conservation effect to macrofungi (1.1-1.2, p < .05) was like those from soils (1.2-1.6, p < .05), but much larger than the effect from plants (0.01-0.14, p > .10). For all tested macrofungal traits, 89%-97% of their variations were from soils, and 5%-21% were from conservation measures, while plants compensated 1%-10% of these effects. Our survey found a total of 207 macrofungal species, and 65 of them are new updates in this Reserve, indicating data shortage for the macrofungi list here. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new data for the joint conservation of macrofungi and plant communities, highlighting the crucial importance of soil matrix for macrofungal conservation in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Urban Forests and Wetlands groupNortheast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of ScienceChangchunChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jingxue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhaoliang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Lu Xiao
- Urban Forests and Wetlands groupNortheast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of ScienceChangchunChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Urban Forests and Wetlands groupNortheast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of ScienceChangchunChina
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant EcologyMinistry of EducationNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
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An insight into the quality of sacred groves – an island habitat – using leaf-litter ants as an indicator in a context of urbanization. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSacred groves (SGs) of India are islets of forests providing ecosystem and spiritual services to man. Studies suggest that SGs are deteriorating on their quality due to urbanization, invasive species, land-use change, and religious modernization. We explored diversity, community, and abundance of overall and different functional groups of litter ants, including Anoplolepis gracilipes – an invasive ant – on paired SG-neighbouring home garden (HG) sites in rural and urban landscape to (a) assess the quality of SGs and (b) examine whether the variation in ant community of the two habitats was predicted by urbanization and abundance of A. gracilipes. We considered species and local contribution to β-diversity to identify species and sites crucial for conservation of sites. Abundance and richness of overall ants, proportional trap incidence of species, and abundance of A. gracilipes were similar on SG and HG, but species diversity and abundance of certain ant functional groups were higher on SG. Ant community of SG was different from HG, but was not affected by urbanization. A. gracilipes and rural SGs contributed the most to β diversity. A. gracilipes gave little pressure on native ant community. The study concludes that SGs, despite invaded by A. gracilipes, have potential for conserving biodiversity.
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Thulasinathan B, Jayabalan T, Sethupathi M, Kim W, Muniyasamy S, Sengottuvelan N, Nainamohamed S, Ponnuchamy K, Alagarsamy A. Bioelectricity generation by natural microflora of septic tank wastewater (STWW) and biodegradation of persistent petrogenic pollutants by basidiomycetes fungi: An integrated microbial fuel cell system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125228. [PMID: 33516103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbial fuel cell is a unique advantageous technology for the scientific community with the simultaneous generation of green energy along with bioelectroremediation of persistent hazardous materials. In this work, a novel approach of integrated system with bioelectricity generation from septic tank wastewater by native microflora in the anode chamber, while Psathyrella candolleana with higher ligninolytic enzyme activity was employed at cathode chamber for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Six MFC systems designated as MFC1, MFC2, MFC3, MFC4, MFC5, and MFC6 were experimented with different conditions. MFC1 system using natural microflora of STWW (100%) at anode chamber and K3[Fe(CN)6] as cathode buffer showed a power density and current density of 110 ± 10 mW/m2 and 90 ± 10 mA/m2 respectively. In the other five MFC systems 100% STWW was used at the anode and basidiomycetes fungi in the presence or absence of individual PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and anthracene) at the cathode. MFC2, MFC3, MFC4, MFC5, and MFC6 had showed power density of 132 ± 17 mW/m2, 138 ± 20 mW/m2, 139 ± 25 mW/m2, and 147 ± 10 mW/m2 respectively. MFC2, MFC3, MFC4, MFC5, and MFC6 had showed current density of 497 ± 17 mA/m2, 519 ± 10 mA/m2, 522 ± 21 mA/m2 and 525 ± 20 mA/m2 respectively. In all the MFC systems, the electrochemical activity of anode biofilm was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry analysis and biofilms on all the MFC systems electrode surface were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscope. Biodegradation of PAHs during MFC experimentations in the cathode chamber was estimated by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Overall, MFC6 system achieved maximum power density production of 525 ± 20 mA/m2 with 77% of chemical oxygen demand removal and 54% of coulombic efficiency at the anode chamber and higher anthracene biodegradation (62 ± 1.13%) at the cathode chamber by the selected Psathyrella candolleana at 14th day. The present natural microflora - basidiomycetes fungal coupled MFC system offers excellent opening towards the simultaneous generation of green electricity and PAHs bioelectroremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boobalan Thulasinathan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Tamilmani Jayabalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Murugan Sethupathi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sudhakar Muniyasamy
- CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Polymers and Composites Competence Area, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | | | - Samsudeen Nainamohamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
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Prey–predator interaction suggests sacred groves are not functionally different from neighbouring used lands. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467420000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSacred groves (SG) of south India are either relics of primary or secondary forests or swamps, worshipped by the local communities, and distributed in the countrysides (CS) and forest landscapes of India. Studies suggest that SGs harbour a biodiversity different from that of adjoining CS and have a structural similarity to protected forests. Studies also suggest a negative effect of structural complexity of forests on predation. Considering these two expectations, we compared the predation of artificial caterpillars inside SGs and CSs with the hypothesis that predation will be less in SG than in CS. Examining the predation marks, we identified the likely predator and scored the intensity of predation. Bite marks of arthropods, birds, lizards and mammals were observed on caterpillars of both habitats. The predation rate and predation intensity were similar for overall predators and for each predator taxon in both habitats, despite the fact that mammal predation was mostly encountered in SGs. Because the proportion of predated caterpillars is not different between habitats and the intensity of predation is high in SGs, we conclude that SGs may not have a quality of the expected standard.
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Shuhada SN, Salim S, Nobilly F, Lechner AM, Azhar B. Conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm cultivation reduces the diversity and abundance of macrofungi. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Almenara C, Gándara E, Gómez-Hernández M. Comparison of diversity and composition of macrofungal species between intensive mushroom harvesting and non-harvesting areas in Oaxaca, Mexico. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8325. [PMID: 31976170 PMCID: PMC6967021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild edible mushrooms have been collected and consumed by human groups for centuries, and today they represent a relevant source of food and income for many rural families worldwide. Preserving these non-timber forest products is of great interest, and there is concern about the damage caused by intensive mushroom harvesting on macromycete communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate variation in diversity and composition of macromycete species between areas regularly used for mushroom harvesting and non-harvested areas in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico, as well as to assess the influence of microclimatic and environmental factors on this variation. We selected two harvested and two non-harvested sites within the study area. In each one, we established 10 permanent plots of 10 m × 10 m where we sampled all the observed fruit bodies weekly from June to October 2017. We recorded a total of 856 individuals corresponding to 138 species, and 23 of these were identified as edible. Overall macromycete diversity, edible species diversity and composition were similar in Sites 1 (non-harvested) and 3 (harvested), and in Sites 2 (non-harvested) and 4 (harvested). Variation of diversity and species composition along the studied area was mainly related to microclimatic variables, while most environmental variables and variables related to vegetation structure similarly affected macromycete species in the four sites. Our results indicate that intensive harvesting of wild edible mushrooms is not affecting the diversity and distribution of macromycete species in our study area. Knowledge on the sustainability of mushroom harvesting practices can help improve current regulations regarding the management of these valuable non-timber forest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ruiz-Almenara
- CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Etelvina Gándara
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Marko Gómez-Hernández
- CONACYT-CIIDIR Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Gómez-Hernández M, Ramírez-Antonio KG, Gándara E. Ectomycorrhizal and wood-decay macromycete communities along development stages of managed Pinus patula stands in Southwest Mexico. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Biodiversity potential of burial places – a review on the flora and fauna of cemeteries and churchyards. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Yuan Z, Bi S, Wang X, Ye Y, Svenning JC. Macrofungal species distributions depend on habitat partitioning of topography, light, and vegetation in a temperate mountain forest. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13589. [PMID: 30206254 PMCID: PMC6134103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The habitat partitioning hypothesis provides a conceptual framework for explaining the maintenance of plant and animal diversity. Its central tenet assumes environmental conditions are spatially structured, and that this structure is reflected in species distributions through associations with different habitats. Studies confirming habitat partitioning effects have focused primarily on spatial distributions of plants and animals, with habitat partitioning hypothesis under explored for macrofungi. Here, we examined the sporocarps of macrofungi in a 5-ha forest dynamics plot in China. We used four different methods to define microhabitats for habitat partitioning analyses based on topography, understory light availability, plant community, or a combination of these factors, and analyzed the effect of microhabitat partitioning on epigeous macrofungal community. Our results showed that the characteristics of the macrofungal assemblages varied among the habitats. A total of 85 species examined were associated with one or more of the habitat types (85/125, 68%). The factors related to the sporocarp composition differed among the various microhabitats. Our findings suggest that different microhabitats favor occurrence of different macrofungal species, and sporocarps -environment relation varied among the different microhabitats at this temperate mountain forest locality. These findings shed new light to the biodiversity conservation in macrofungi in temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and point to the potential importance of microhabitat partitioning for sporocarp formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zhiliang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuai Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongzhong Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, No.63 Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Native Forests Have a Higher Diversity of Macrofungi Than Comparable Plantation Forests in the Greater Mekong Subregion. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mithöfer D, Méndez VE, Bose A, Vaast P. Harnessing local strength for sustainable coffee value chains in India and Nicaragua: reevaluating certification to global sustainability standards. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2018.1460400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Mithöfer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Kleve, Germany
| | - V. Ernesto Méndez
- Agroecology and Livelihoods Collaborative (ALC), University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Arshiya Bose
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Group of Forest Development and Management, ETH-Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Vaast
- UMR Eco&Sols, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier cedex 2, France
- Vietnam Office, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Teke NA, Kinge TR, Bechem E, Nji TM, Ndam LM, Mih AM. Ethnomycological study in the Kilum-Ijim mountain forest, Northwest Region, Cameroon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2018; 14:25. [PMID: 29609649 PMCID: PMC5880009 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Majority of the people in rural areas depend on traditional fungi-based medicines to combat different illnesses. This ethnomycological survey was undertaken to document the traditional knowledge of mushrooms among the communities in the Kilum-Ijim mountain forest reserve. Although macrofungi are exploited for food and medicine, their ethnomycological knowledge has not been documented in this ecosystem. METHODS A field study was carried out between 2014 and 2015; 14 mushrooms used by the local communities were collected and identified using the polymorphism of the ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions. Semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and pictorial method were used to collect information on edibility, local names, indigenous knowledge, and the role of macrofungi in ten communities. RESULTS Ethnomycological findings revealed that mushrooms were used as food and medicine, while the non-edible species were regarded as food from Satan. Eight species, Polyporus tenuiculus, Termitomyces striatus, Termitomyces microcarpus Auricularia polytricha, Laetiporus sulphureus, Termitomyces sp.1, Termitomyces sp.2, and Polyporus dictyopus, were reported as edible and Auricularia polytricha, Daldinia concentrica, Ganoderma applanatum, Lentinus squarrosulus, Polyporus dictyopus, Termitomyces microcarpus, Trametes versicolor, Vascellum pretense and Xylaria sp., were used as medicine in traditional health care. Local names were found to be a very important factor in distinguishing between edible, medicinal, and poisonous mushrooms. Edible mushrooms are called "awo'oh" in Belo and "Kiwoh" in Oku. Poisonous mushrooms were commonly referred to as "awo'oh Satan" in Belo and "Kiwohfiyini" in Oku. Mushrooms were highly valued as a source of protein and as a substitute for meat in their diets. It is worth noting that Polyporus dictyopus was reported here for the first time in literature as an edible mushroom species. CONCLUSION Local knowledge of medicinal mushrooms in the treatment of different illness still exists in all ten villages surveyed. Elderly men and women appear to play an important role in primary health care services in these communities. This survey underscores the need to preserve and document traditional knowledge of the different medicinal mushrooms used in treating different illnesses and for more future scientific research on the mushrooms to determine their efficacy and their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Teke
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, South West Region Cameroon
| | - T. R. Kinge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O.Box 39, Bamenda, North West Region Cameroon
| | - E. Bechem
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, South West Region Cameroon
| | - T. M. Nji
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O.Box 63, Buea, South West Region Cameroon
| | - L. M. Ndam
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, South West Region Cameroon
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Sawai-Cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - A. M. Mih
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, South West Region Cameroon
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Wang Y, Shi X, Yin J, Nie S. Bioactive polysaccharide from edible Dictyophora spp.: Extraction, purification, structural features and bioactivities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Li H, Ostermann A, Karunarathna SC, Xu J, Hyde KD, Mortimer PE. The importance of plot size and the number of sampling seasons on capturing macrofungal species richness. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:692-700. [PMID: 29880204 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The species-area relationship is an important factor in the study of species diversity, conservation biology, and landscape ecology. A deeper understanding of this relationship is necessary, in order to provide recommendations on how to improve the quality of data collection on macrofungal diversity in different land use systems in future studies, a systematic assessment of methodological parameters, in particular optimal plot sizes. The species-area relationship of macrofungi in tropical and temperate climatic zones and four different land use systems were investigated by determining the macrofungal species richness in plot sizes ranging from 100 m2 to 10 000 m2 over two sampling seasons. We found that the effect of plot size on recorded species richness significantly differed between land use systems with the exception of monoculture systems. For both climate zones, land use system needs to be considered when determining optimal plot size. Using an optimal plot size was more important than temporal replication (over two sampling seasons) in accurately recording species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Anne Ostermann
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Samantha C Karunarathna
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China; Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai, 50150, Thailand
| | - Peter E Mortimer
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Shuhada SN, Salim S, Nobilly F, Zubaid A, Azhar B. Logged peat swamp forest supports greater macrofungal biodiversity than large-scale oil palm plantations and smallholdings. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7187-7200. [PMID: 28944010 PMCID: PMC5606887 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive land expansion of commercial oil palm agricultural lands results in reducing the size of peat swamp forests, particularly in Southeast Asia. The effect of this land conversion on macrofungal biodiversity is, however, understudied. We quantified macrofungal biodiversity by identifying mushroom sporocarps throughout four different habitats; logged peat swamp forest, large‐scale oil palm plantation, monoculture, and polyculture smallholdings. We recorded a total of 757 clusters of macrofungi belonging to 127 morphospecies and found that substrates for growing macrofungi were abundant in peat swamp forest; hence, morphospecies richness and macrofungal clusters were significantly greater in logged peat swamp forest than converted oil palm agriculture lands. Environmental factors that influence macrofungi in logged peat swamp forests such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, soil pH, and soil moisture were different from those in oil palm plantations and smallholdings. We conclude that peat swamp forests are irreplaceable with respect to macrofungal biodiversity. They host much greater macrofungal biodiversity than any of the oil palm agricultural lands. It is imperative that further expansion of oil palm plantation into remaining peat swamp forests should be prohibited in palm oil producing countries. These results imply that macrofungal distribution reflects changes in microclimate between habitats and reduced macrofungal biodiversity may adversely affect decomposition in human‐modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noor Shuhada
- Department of Forest Production Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sabiha Salim
- Department of Forest Production Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Frisco Nobilly
- Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Akbar Zubaid
- Faculty of Science and Technology School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences National University of Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Badrul Azhar
- Department of Forest Production Faculty of Forestry Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia.,Biodiversity Unit Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia
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18
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Caiafa M, Gómez-Hernández M, Williams-Linera G, Ramírez-Cruz V. Functional diversity of macromycete communities along an environmental gradient in a Mexican seasonally dry tropical forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gómez‐Hernández M, Williams‐Linera G, Lodge DJ, Guevara R, Ruiz‐Sanchez E, Gándara E. Phylogenetic diversity of macromycetes and woody plants along an elevational gradient in Eastern Mexico. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gómez‐Hernández
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351 Xalapa Veracruz 91070 México
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Hornos No. 1003 Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Oaxaca 71230 México
| | | | - Deborah J. Lodge
- Forest Products Laboratory USDA‐Forest Service Luquillo Puerto Rico 00773‐1377 U.S.A
| | - Roger Guevara
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351 Xalapa Veracruz 91070 México
| | - Eduardo Ruiz‐Sanchez
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Centro Regional del Bajío Av. Lázaro Cárdenas 253 Pátzcuaro Michoacán 61600 México
| | - Etelvina Gándara
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology The University and Jepson Herbaria University of California Berkeley California 94270 U.S.A
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Paz CP, Gallon M, Putzke J, Ganade G. Changes in Macrofungal Communities Following Forest Conversion into Tree Plantations in Southern Brazil. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Paz
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences; James Cook University; PO Box 6811 4870 Cairns Qld Australia
| | - Mônica Gallon
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
| | - Jair Putzke
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC; C.P. 188 CEP: 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul RS Brazil
| | - Gislene Ganade
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos - UNISINOS; C.P. 275 CEP: 93001-970 São Leopoldo RS Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia; Centro de Biociências; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN; CEP: 59078-900 Natal RN Brazil
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21
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Exploring the relationship between macrofungi diversity, abundance, and vascular plant diversity in semi-natural and managed forests in north-east Hungary. Ecol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-013-1044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractMacrofungi play an extraordinarily important role in the catalysis of the nutrient cycle of deciduous and coniferous forests. Habitat degradation adversely influences the number of fruiting bodies of macrofungi and diminishes the diversity of the fungal community. The diversity of the terricolous- and lignicolous macrofungi assemblages were compared in stands of semi-natural and two plant associations modified by humans in different degrees in North-East Hungary. We used data from 15 permanent plots that were sampled for vascular plants and macrofungi. Rank-abundance curves and Rényi’s diversity profiles were applied for diversity research. The results indicated that structure and diversity of the terricolous macrofungi assemblages were mainly influenced by climatic and habitat conditions and the degradation of the plant associations to a lesser degree. The diversity of lignicolous macrofungi was primarily affected by the continuous presence, quality, and quantity of deadwood. Accordingly, the form and degree of forest management, as well as the age of the growing stocks, influenced community structure. If nature conservation planning and conservation activity are based on those biodiversity indicators which are good proxies for macrofungi biodiversity, the latter might be optimal for preserving macrofungi biodiversity.
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Wood-decaying polypores in the mountains of central Argentina in relation to Polylepis forest structure and altitude. FUNGAL ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dudley N, Higgins-Zogib L, Mansourian S. The links between protected areas, faiths, and sacred natural sites. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2009; 23:568-577. [PMID: 22748093 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Most people follow and are influenced by some kind of spiritual faith. We examined two ways in which religious faiths can in turn influence biodiversity conservation in protected areas. First, biodiversity conservation is influenced through the direct and often effective protection afforded to wild species in sacred natural sites and in seminatural habitats around religious buildings. Sacred natural sites are almost certainly the world's oldest form of habitat protection. Although some sacred natural sites exist inside official protected areas, many thousands more form a largely unrecognized "shadow" conservation network in many countries throughout the world, which can be more stringently protected than state-run reserves. Second, faiths have a profound impact on attitudes to protection of the natural world through their philosophy, teachings, investment choices, approaches to land they control, and religious-based management systems. We considered the interactions between faiths and protected areas with respect to all 11 mainstream faiths and to a number of local belief systems. The close links between faiths and habitat protection offer major conservation opportunities, but also pose challenges. Bringing a sacred natural site into a national protected-area system can increase protection for the site, but may compromise some of its spiritual values or even its conservation values. Most protected-area managers are not trained to manage natural sites for religious purposes, but many sacred natural sites are under threat from cultural changes and habitat degradation. Decisions about whether or not to make a sacred natural site an "official" protected area therefore need to be made on a case-by-case basis. Such sites can play an important role in conservation inside and outside official protected areas. More information about the conservation value of sacred lands is needed as is more informed experience in integrating these into wider conservation strategies. In addition, many protected-area staff need training in how to manage sensitive issues relating to faiths where important faith sites occur in protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Dudley
- Equilibrium, 47 The Quays, Cumberland Road, Bristol BS1 6UQ, United Kingdom.
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Thomas S, Palmer M. The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats, India: Community ecology and conservation. COMMUNITY ECOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1556/comec.8.2007.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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