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Tieskens KF, Smith IA, Jimenez RB, Hutyra LR, Fabian MP. Mapping the gaps between cooling benefits of urban greenspace and population heat vulnerability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157283. [PMID: 35820520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We provide a novel method to assess the heat mitigation impacts of greenspace though studying the mechanisms of ecosystems responsible for benefits and connecting them to heat exposure metrics. We demonstrate how the ecosystem services framework can be integrated into current practices of environmental health research using supply/demand state-of-the-art methods of ecological modeling of urban greenspace. We compared the supply of cooling ecosystem services in Boston measured through an indicator of high resolution evapotranspiration modeling, with the demand for benefits from cooling measured as a heat exposure risk score based on exposure, hazard and population characteristics. The resulting evapotranspiration indicator follows a pattern similar to conventional greenspace indicators based on vegetation abundance, except in warmer areas such as those with higher levels of impervious surface. We identified demand-supply mismatch areas across the city of Boston, some coinciding with affordable housing complexes and long term care facilities. This novel ES-framework provides cross-disciplinary methods to prioritize urban areas where greenspace interventions can have the most impact based on heat-related demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen F Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ian A Smith
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Raquel B Jimenez
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lucy R Hutyra
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Blanco J, Ollivier G, Alignier A, Aviron S, Sirami C, Kernéïs É, Durant D, Sabatier R. How ecological research on human-dominated ecosystems incorporates agricultural and forestry practices: A literature analysis. AMBIO 2022; 51:1143-1157. [PMID: 34784007 PMCID: PMC8931134 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nexus between practices and ecosystems is a critical challenge for sustainability, but it is unclear how ecological sciences have explored the question. To bring clarification, we conducted an analysis of ecology literature dealing with agricultural and forestry practices (AF practices), scanning a total of 27 556 references. Scientometric analyses showed that AF practices were addressed by 5.5% of ecology literature, and that this proportion increased from 2.5 to 8.1% between 1956 and 2017. Content analyses showed that research has mainly focused on monospecific systems in the Global North, predominantly using plot-level experimental approaches. Temporal monitoring, real-world practices and their social context were poorly investigated. This analysis stresses the need to reinforce research in complex agroecosystems, in particular in non-Western countries. Multilevel and spatio-temporal approaches, as well as participatory research, should also be encouraged to build a social-ecological understanding and formulate more grounded, relevant policy recommendations for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Blanco
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ Montpellier, Site St. Charles, Route de Mende, 34199 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Audrey Alignier
- INRAE, Institut Agro, ESA, UMR 0980 BAGAP, 35042 Rennes, France
| | | | - Clélia Sirami
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR DYNAFOR, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Éric Kernéïs
- INRAE, DSLP, 17450 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée, France
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McCracken ME, Woodcock BA, Lobley M, Pywell RF, Saratsi E, Swetnam RD, Mortimer SR, Harris SJ, Winter M, Hinsley S, Bullock JM. Social and ecological drivers of success in agri-environment schemes: the roles of farmers and environmental context. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morag E. McCracken
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
| | - Matt Lobley
- Centre for Rural Policy Research; Department of Politics; University of Exeter; Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Richard F. Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
| | - Eirini Saratsi
- Centre for Rural Policy Research; Department of Politics; University of Exeter; Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Ruth D. Swetnam
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
- Department of Geography; Staffordshire University; Leek Rd Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF UK
| | - Simon R. Mortimer
- School of Agriculture; Policy and Development; University of Reading; Earley Gate Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Stephanie J. Harris
- School of Agriculture; Policy and Development; University of Reading; Earley Gate Reading RG6 6AR UK
| | - Michael Winter
- Centre for Rural Policy Research; Department of Politics; University of Exeter; Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ UK
| | - Shelley Hinsley
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
| | - James M. Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Benson Lane Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Janes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Martín-López B, Iniesta-Arandia I, García-Llorente M, Palomo I, Casado-Arzuaga I, Amo DGD, Gómez-Baggethun E, Oteros-Rozas E, Palacios-Agundez I, Willaarts B, González JA, Santos-Martín F, Onaindia M, López-Santiago C, Montes C. Uncovering ecosystem service bundles through social preferences. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38970. [PMID: 22720006 PMCID: PMC3377692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem service assessments have increasingly been used to support environmental management policies, mainly based on biophysical and economic indicators. However, few studies have coped with the social-cultural dimension of ecosystem services, despite being considered a research priority. We examined how ecosystem service bundles and trade-offs emerge from diverging social preferences toward ecosystem services delivered by various types of ecosystems in Spain. We conducted 3,379 direct face-to-face questionnaires in eight different case study sites from 2007 to 2011. Overall, 90.5% of the sampled population recognized the ecosystem’s capacity to deliver services. Formal studies, environmental behavior, and gender variables influenced the probability of people recognizing the ecosystem’s capacity to provide services. The ecosystem services most frequently perceived by people were regulating services; of those, air purification held the greatest importance. However, statistical analysis showed that socio-cultural factors and the conservation management strategy of ecosystems (i.e., National Park, Natural Park, or a non-protected area) have an effect on social preferences toward ecosystem services. Ecosystem service trade-offs and bundles were identified by analyzing social preferences through multivariate analysis (redundancy analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). We found a clear trade-off among provisioning services (and recreational hunting) versus regulating services and almost all cultural services. We identified three ecosystem service bundles associated with the conservation management strategy and the rural-urban gradient. We conclude that socio-cultural preferences toward ecosystem services can serve as a tool to identify relevant services for people, the factors underlying these social preferences, and emerging ecosystem service bundles and trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Martín-López
- Social-Ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Wilkinson K, Grant WP, Green LE, Hunter S, Jeger MJ, Lowe P, Medley GF, Mills P, Phillipson J, Poppy GM, Waage J. Infectious diseases of animals and plants: an interdisciplinary approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:1933-42. [PMID: 21624914 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and plant diseases pose a serious and continuing threat to food security, food safety, national economies, biodiversity and the rural environment. New challenges, including climate change, regulatory developments, changes in the geographical concentration and size of livestock holdings, and increasing trade make this an appropriate time to assess the state of knowledge about the impact that diseases have and the ways in which they are managed and controlled. In this paper, the case is explored for an interdisciplinary approach to studying the management of infectious animal and plant diseases. Reframing the key issues through incorporating both social and natural science research can provide a holistic understanding of disease and increase the policy relevance and impact of research. Finally, in setting out the papers in this Theme Issue, a picture of current and future animal and plant disease threats is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Wilkinson
- Department of Geography, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Clark SG, Rutherford MB, Auer MR, Cherney DN, Wallace RL, Mattson DJ, Clark DA, Foote L, Krogman N, Wilshusen P, Steelman T. College and university environmental programs as a policy problem (part 1): integrating knowledge, education, and action for a better world? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 47:701-715. [PMID: 21359525 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The environmental sciences/studies movement, with more than 1000 programs at colleges and universities in the United States and Canada, is unified by a common interest-ameliorating environmental problems through empirical enquiry and analytic judgment. Unfortunately, environmental programs have struggled in their efforts to integrate knowledge across disciplines and educate students to become sound problem solvers and leaders. We examine the environmental program movement as a policy problem, looking at overall goals, mapping trends in relation to those goals, identifying the underlying factors contributing to trends, and projecting the future. We argue that despite its shared common interest, the environmental program movement is disparate and fragmented by goal ambiguity, positivistic disciplinary approaches, and poorly rationalized curricula, pedagogies, and educational philosophies. We discuss these challenges and the nature of the changes that are needed in order to overcome them. In a subsequent article (Part 2) we propose specific strategies for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Clark
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies & Institution for Social and Policy Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Pasquini L, Cowling RM, Twyman C, Wainwright J. Devising appropriate policies and instruments in support of private conservation areas: lessons learned from the Klein Karoo, South Africa. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010; 24:470-478. [PMID: 19843125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The amount of privately conserved land is increasing worldwide. The potential of these areas to contribute to the global conservation of biodiversity is significant, given that statutory protected areas alone will not suffice. Nevertheless, there is still inadequate support for private conservation areas, and further research on appropriate, flexible, and generally applicable incentive measures is necessary. We conducted 25 semistructured interviews with the owners of private conservation areas in the Little Karoo, South Africa, to examine landowner opinions of existing conservation policies and their relationships with the local conservation authority. We also assessed landowner preferences regarding conservation incentive measures. Landowners doubted the conservation authority's capacity to implement its stewardship program and were also discouraged by the bureaucracy of the program. The conservation authority was often viewed negatively, except where landowners had experienced personal contact from conservation staff or where strong social capital had formed among landowners. Landowners did not desire financial rewards for their conservation efforts, but sought recognition of their stewardship role and greater involvement from the conservation authority through personal contact. We conclude that conservation policies for private lands could benefit from the provision of extension services to landowners, promotion of formation of groups of landowners and other stakeholders, and public acknowledgment of the contributions private conservation areas make.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pasquini
- Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Winter Street, Sheffield S102TN, United Kingdom.
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Aronson J, Blignaut JN, De Groot RS, Clewell A, Lowry II PP, Woodworth P, Cowling RM, Renison D, Farley J, Fontaine C, Tongway D, Levy S, Milton SJ, Rangel O, Debrincat B, Birkinshaw C. The road to sustainability must bridge three great divides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1185:225-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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