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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Devriese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent Casinoplein 24, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Martin E, Jäckel U. Characterization of bacterial contaminants in the air of a duck hatchery by cultivation based and molecular methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 13:464-70. [PMID: 21170464 DOI: 10.1039/c0em00272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Today's large-scale poultry production is often accompanied by high concentrations of airborne microorganisms at working places. However, the microbial communities in those bioaerosols are rarely characterised. In this study, we investigated the bacterial population in bioaerosols from a duck hatchery by both cultivation based and molecular methods and compared the results. Depending on used media, concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria varied between 6 × 10(1) and 7 × 10(6) CFU per m(3) air. The corresponding total cell count of DAPI stained cells was 2 × 10(7) cells per m(3) air. 16S rRNA gene analyses of bacterial isolates and clone libraries revealed a low species richness in hatcheries air, respectively. More than 50% of bacterial isolates were phylogenetically most closely related to bacterial species of the risk group 2 (German TRBA). The sequence composition in clone libraries supported the result of cultivation based approaches, whereby sequences assigned to Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus are the most common. The high concentration of airborne bacteria which are most closely related to species of potential health risk requires further detailed investigations for these bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martin
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, 10317 Berlin, Germany.
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Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, García-Fernández MC, Moreno B. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry meat in Spain. Poult Sci 2002; 81:414-21. [PMID: 11902420 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.3.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety-six Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail chicken carcasses in Spain were characterized using cultural and biochemical tests. The strains were phage typed with the international bacteriophage set for typing S. aureus of human origin. Eighty-eight (91.7%) strains were of the poultry ecovar. Strains of human ecovar were not found. These facts are congruent with findings of other authors. Ninety (93.7%) strains were phage typeable. Lysis by phages of Group III was the most frequent with 66 (68.7%) sensitive strains. Twenty-eight (29.2%) strains were sensitive at 100 routine test dilution (RTD) and only 16 (16.7%) at RTD. By using reversed phage typing, we managed to increase the number of phage typeable strains by 46 (47.9%). More than one S. aureus phage type was detected in 14 (35%) carcasses, which emphasizes the convenience of subtyping several S. aureus isolates from the same food sample in epidemiological studies. Two phage patterns (75/84 and 6/1030/ W57) were the most common. The S. aureus isolates were closely related, as 78 strains showed the most common or indistinguishable (<2 phage reaction differences) phage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, Spain.
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Hazariwala A, Sanders Q, Hudson CR, Hofacre C, Thayer SG, Maurer JJ. Distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from poultry and humans with invasive staphylococcal disease. Avian Dis 2002; 46:132-6. [PMID: 11922324 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0132:dosega]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Food poisoning by Staphylococcus aureus affects hundreds of thousands of people each year. Staphylococcus aureus also causes invasive diseases such as arthritis (in poultry) and septicemia (in poultry and humans). Foodborne disease is caused by the ingestion of a staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE). Enterotoxin has also been associated with other S. aureus illnesses in humans and domestic animals. In this study, polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE, in S. aureus isolates associated with invasive disease in poultry and humans. In the 34 poultry isolates, only one isolate was found to contain a SE gene, sec. In the 41 human isolates, over 51% tested positive for an SE gene with 12.2% positive for the gene for SEA, 2.4% for SEB, 22% for SEC, 24.4% for SED, and 0 for SEE. The disparity between the rates for SE gene(s) in poultry and human isolates suggests a lesser role for the enterotoxins in invasive poultry disease than in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Hazariwala
- Department of Avian Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Pereira MS, Siqueira-Júnior JP. Antimicrobial drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 1995; 20:391-5. [PMID: 7786507 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from apparently healthy cattle in the State of Paraiba, Brazil were characterized in relation to resistance to 21 antimicrobial agents. Among the 46 isolates obtained, resistance to penicillin was most frequent, followed by resistance to cadmium, streptomycin, arsenate, tetracycline, mercury, erythromycin and kanamycin/neomycin. All isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, ethidium bromide, cetrimide, chloramphenicol, benzalkonium chloride, doxycycline, gentamicin, methicillin, minocycline, novobiocin, rifamycin, tylosin and vancomycin. Only six isolates were susceptible to all the drugs tested. With respect to the antibiotics, multi-resistant isolates were uncommon. These results are probably a consequence of the peculiarities of local drug usage pressures. In relation to metal ions, resistance to mercury was rare while resistance to arsenate was relatively frequent, which contrasts with the situation for human Staph. aureus strains. After treatment with ethidium bromide, elimination of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and cadmium was observed, which was consistent with the genetic determinants being plasmid-borne.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa(Pb), Brazil
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Wilson IG, Cooper JE, Gilmour A. Some factors inhibiting amplification of the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin C1 gene (sec+) by PCR. Int J Food Microbiol 1994; 22:55-62. [PMID: 8060793 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PCR amplification of the sec+ gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) can be achieved from as little as 10 fg total genomic DNA (equivalent to less than 10 cells) using two nested primer pairs. The presence of bacterial cells, particularly thermonuclease-producing staphylococci, and the thermonuclease enzyme (TNase) itself, were found to be factors which individually and together reduced the sensitivity of PCR amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Wilson
- Food Microbiology Research Division, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Mead GC, Dodd CE. Incidence, origin and significance of staphylococci on processed poultry. SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM SERIES 1990; 19:81S-91S. [PMID: 2119068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G C Mead
- Institute of Food Research, Bristol Laboratory, Langford, UK
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Devriese LA. Staphylococci in healthy and diseased animals. SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM SERIES 1990; 19:71S-80S. [PMID: 2119067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Devriese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gent, Belgium
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Mossel DA, van Netten P. Staphylococcus aureus and related staphylococci in foods: ecology, proliferation, toxinogenesis, control and monitoring. SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM SERIES 1990; 19:123S-145S. [PMID: 2119061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D A Mossel
- Christiaan Eijkman Foundation, The Netherlands' Government University, Utrecht
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Nychas GJ, Arkoudelos JS. Staphylococci: their role in fermented sausages. SOCIETY FOR APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM SERIES 1990; 19:167S-188S. [PMID: 2119063 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G J Nychas
- Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Athens, Greece
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Mead GC, Norris AP, Bratchell N. Differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus from freshly slaughtered poultry and strains 'endemic' to processing plants by biochemical and physiological tests. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1989; 66:153-9. [PMID: 2708170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb02464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A comparison was made of 27 'endemic' strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 35 strains from freshly slaughtered birds, isolated at five commercial slaughterhouses processing chickens or turkeys. Of 112 biochemical and physiological tests used, 74 gave results which differed among the strains. Cluster analysis revealed several distinct groupings which were influenced by strain type, processing plant and bird origin; these included a single group at the 72% level of similarity containing most of the 'endemic' strains. In comparison with strains from freshly slaughtered birds, a higher proportion of 'endemic' strains produced fibrinolysin, alpha-glucosidase and urease and were beta-haemolytic on sheep-blood agar. The 'endemic' type also showed a greater tendency to coagulate human but not bovine plasma, and to produce mucoid growth and clumping. The last two properties, relevant to colonization of processing equipment, were less evident in heart infusion broth than in richer media or process water collected during defeathering of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Mead
- AFRC Institute of Food Research-Bristol Laboratory, Langford, UK
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Dodd CE, Chaffey BJ, Waites WM. Plasmid profiles as indicators of the source of contamination of Staphylococcus aureus endemic within poultry processing plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:1541-9. [PMID: 3261960 PMCID: PMC202693 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.6.1541-1549.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 530 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the defeathering machinery of a chicken processing plant and from neck skin samples of carcasses at different stages of processing in two visits 4 weeks apart. Eleven different plasmid profiles were detected in the isolates, eight being common to both visits. The plasmid profiles of the strains forming the majority of the population on the freshly slaughtered birds were rarely present in the strains isolated from the pluckers (except at the entry to the first plucker) and were present in only a small proportion of the strains isolated from carcasses after plucking. However, the profiles from the strains isolated from the pluckers on both visits were different from those forming the majority of the population on the incoming birds but formed the major part of the carcass flora after plucking, suggesting that such strains were endemic. These strains were found as a small proportion of the isolates made from the incoming birds, suggesting that this was the route by which the endemic strains were introduced into the plant. Such endemic strains exhibited a clumping growth, even in liquid shake culture, which may have made it easier for them to become established on the pluckers and to resist cleaning and disinfection. This clumping phenotype was correlated with the presence of a 7.5-megadalton plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Dodd
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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HÁJEK V, HORÁK V, BALUSEK J. Phage typing coagulase-positive staphylococci from rooks and gulls. Res Vet Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dodd CE, Adams BW, Mead GC, Waites WM. Use of plasmid profiles to detect changes in strains of Staphylococcus aureus during poultry processing. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1987; 63:417-25. [PMID: 3440764 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb04863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasmid profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at different stages in three poultry processing plants have been examined. Changes in profiles were seen in two plants after the plucking stage and the appearance of these new profiles correlated with the presence of an endemic strain, as suggested previously by increases in bacterial counts and changes in biotypes at the same stage. A third plant in which such changes did not occur showed no change in profiles. Plasmid profiles are therefore a rapid and sensitive method for distinguishing endemic strains within a plant from the flora of the incoming birds. Certain profiles also appeared to correspond with particular biotypes and certain phage types.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Dodd
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Dodd C, Adams B, Mead G, Waites W. Use of plasmid profiles to detect changes in strains of Staphylococcus aureus during poultry processing. J Appl Microbiol 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb05168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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MEAD GC, ADAMS BW. Chlorine resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from turkeys and turkey products. Lett Appl Microbiol 1986. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1986.tb01566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lim YS, Jegathesan M, Koay AS. Relationship of some biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus to enterotoxin production. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1986; 80:972-4. [PMID: 3037736 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(86)90276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 151 enterotoxigenic and 98 non-enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus were examined for production of coagulase, phosphatase, deoxyribonuclease, haemolytic activity, glucose and mannitol fermentation, typical growth on Baird-Parker medium, pigment production and growth under anaerobic conditions. Enterotoxigenic strains showed a higher tendency to demonstrate haemolytic activity, but none of the other biochemical properties could be correlated with the ability of the staphylococci to produce enterotoxins. It appears that other ancillary tests must be developed to be useful in the differentiation of enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic staphylococci.
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Lukášová J, Míčková V, Pchálek J. Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains, Isolated from Slaughtered Poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0232-4393(86)80053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Devriese L, Yde M, Godard C, Isigidi B. Use of biotyping to trace the origin of Staphylococcus aureus in foods. Int J Food Microbiol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(85)90027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Adams BW, Mead GC. Incidence and properties of Staphylococcus aureus associated with turkeys during processing and further-processing operations. J Hyg (Lond) 1983; 91:479-90. [PMID: 6663063 PMCID: PMC2129338 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus on turkeys sampled at various stages of processing and further-processing was determined on four occasions at each of three different processing plants. For freshly-slaughtered birds, counts from neck skin varied from plant to plant over the range less than 10(2) to greater than 10(5)/g but in all cases the corresponding counts obtained from carcasses sampled after chilling rarely exceeded 10(3)/g and the same was true for samples of mechanically recovered meat (MRM), the final raw product examined. Despite the limited susceptibility of isolates from the different factories to typing by means of either standard human or poultry bacteriophages (55-94% untypable), evidence was obtained with the aid of biotyping for the presence of both human and animal-derived strains. However, some biotypes isolated from MRM were not detected at earlier stages of processing. At one processing plant, an "indigenous' type of S. aureus was clearly demonstrated. It occurred in high numbers in the defeathering machines (up to 10(5)/swab), was found on carcasses at all subsequent stages of processing over the survey period and was shown to survive routine cleaning and disinfection procedures. Isolates of this type produced unusually large amounts of extracellular "slime' in artificial culture. Two of the three processing plants yielded isolates which were enterotoxigenic. Of 55 strains from Plant 1, 60% produced enterotoxin C and all were of the "indigenous' type. In the case of Plant 2, only two type D- and one type F-producing strain were found.
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Evans JB, Ananaba GA, Pate CA, Bergdoll MS. Enterotoxin production by atypical Staphylococcus aureus from poultry. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1983; 54:257-61. [PMID: 6853399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypically typical Staphylococcus aureus was isolated frequently from the necrotic bone and liver of poultry suffering from femoral head necrosis. Occasionally strains were isolated that differed from typical Staph. aureus in one or more of the major diagnostic tests, i.e. coagulase production, anaerobic fermentation of mannitol and production of a heat-stable deoxyribonuclease. Such atypical strains were also isolated from nasal swabs of healthy birds. Tests for enterotoxin production demonstrated that some atypical strains from both sick and healthy birds are capable of producing staphylococcal enterotoxins.
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Kibenge FS, Wilcox GE, Perret D. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry in Australia. I. Phage typing and cultural characteristics. Vet Microbiol 1982; 7:471-83. [PMID: 6219495 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The phage typing and cultural characteristics of 574 strains of S. aureus of poultry origin in Australia were examined. With the avian phage set of Shimizu (1979) it was possible to type 74.2% of strains. A number of significant variations in the phage typing patterns of Australian strains compared to those reported from Japan and Europe were observed. A lower proportion of Australian strains were of avian phage group I and a higher proportion of group III. A high proportion of strains were of mixed lytic groups. No locally isolated phages were able to increase significantly the percentage of typeable strains, although four local phages appeared to be of greater value for phage typing poultry strains of S. aureus than some other phages of the avian phage set. The international (human) phage set was of limited value in typing Australian strains of poultry origin although four strains were identified which were indistinguishable from strains of human origin. Using cultural characteristics of the strains in conjunction with phage typing, the Australian strains of S. aureus were assigned to one of three major groups and nine subgroups. A list of typing phages considered to be valuable for use on Australian poultry strains of S. aureus is given.
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Harvey J, Patterson JT, Gibbs PA. Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from poultry: raw poultry carcases as a potential food-poisoning hazard. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1982; 52:251-8. [PMID: 7201999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1982.tb04847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Devriese LA, Hájek V. Identification of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from animals and foods derived from animals. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1980; 49:1-11. [PMID: 6776085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1980.tb01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Thompson JK, Gibbs PA, Patterson JT. Staphylococcus aureus in commercial laying flocks: incidence and characteristics of strains isolated from chicks, pullets and hens in an integrated commercial enterprise. Br Poult Sci 1980; 21:315-30. [PMID: 7407665 DOI: 10.1080/00071668008416675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
1. Staphylococcus aureus was able to colonise the surface of chicks as young as 1 d old. 2. The organism was detected in a hatchery particularly in the debris from the hatchers and on the working surfaces at the sexing and vaccination areas. 3. The degree of surface colonisation of chicks and pullets was low during rearing but rose to a maximum at mid-lay (50 weeks) when the organism was readily detectable on almost all hens. 4. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus were characterised by phage-typing and cultural characteristics and found to belong predominantly to poultry phage group B2 of Gibbs et al. (1978a). 5. A detailed description of poultry phage group B2 strains is presented; strains of this type can be considered as a second "live-bird" ecovar when compared with Staph. aureus var. gallinae of Witte et al. (1977).
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Gibbs PA, Patterson JT, Harvey J. Interactive growth of Staphylococcus aureus strains with a poultry skin microflora in a diffusion apparatus. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1980; 48:191-205. [PMID: 6450740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1980.tb01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Thompson JK, Patterson JT, Gibbs PA. The use of a new phage set for typing poultry strains of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from seven countries. Br Poult Sci 1980; 21:95-102. [PMID: 6445222 DOI: 10.1080/00071668008416642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1. Eighty per cent of poultry strains of Staphylococcus aureus tested from French, Belgian, English, West German, Japanese and Argentinian sources were typable using a set of typing phages isolated in this laboratory. Strains from Bulgaria, however, with few exceptions were not typable with this phage set. 2. Strains isolated from lesions generally resembled those from apparently healthy poultry. 3. The existence of two distinct Staph. aureus biotypes on poultry was confirmed by isolates from six of the countries; one of these biotypes closely resembled Staph. aureus variety gallinae as described by Witte et al. (1977).
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Juokslahti T, Lindroth S, Niskanen A. Pathogenic, enterotoxin-producing staphylococci in mink feed and mink feed raw materials. Acta Vet Scand 1980. [PMID: 7223577 DOI: 10.1186/bf03546839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Devriese LA, van de Kerckhove A. A comparison of methods and the validity of deoxyribonuclease tests for the characterization of staphylococci isolated from animals. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1979; 46:385-93. [PMID: 378923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1979.tb00835.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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33
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Gibbs PA, Patterson JT, Thompson JK. The distribution of Staphylococcus aureus in a poultry processing plant. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1978; 44:401-10. [PMID: 149783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1978.tb00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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34
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Gibbs PA, Patterson JT, Thompson JK. Characterization of poultry isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by a new set of poultry phages. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1978; 44:387-400. [PMID: 149782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1978.tb00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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