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Donzella S, Fumagalli A, Contente ML, Molinari F, Compagno C. Waste cooking oil and molasses for the sustainable production of extracellular lipase by Saitozyma flava. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:712-720. [PMID: 38409863 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic waste valorization is one of the principal goals of the circular economy. Bioprocesses offer a promising approach to achieve this goal by employing microorganisms to convert organic feedstocks into high value products through their metabolic activities. In this study, a fermentation process for yeast cultivation and extracellular lipase production was developed by utilizing food waste. Lipases are versatile enzymes that can be applied in a wide range of industrial fields, from detergent, leather, and biodiesel production to food and beverage manufacturing. Among several oleaginous yeast species screened, Saitozyma flava was found to exhibit the highest secreted lipase activity on pNP-butyrate, pNP-caproate, and pNP-caprylate. The production medium was composed of molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, which provided nutrients for yeast biomass formation. At the same time, waste cooking oil was employed to induce and enhance extracellular lipase production. After 48 h of process, 20 g/L of yeast biomass and 150 mU/mgdw of lipase activity were achieved, with a productivity of 3 mU/mgdw/h. The purified lipase from S. flava showed optimal performances at temperature 28°C and pH 8.0, exhibiting a specific activity of 62 U/mg when using p-NPC as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Vasundhara M, Singh K, Suryanarayanan TS, Reddy MS. Alkaliphilic and thermostable lipase production by leaf litter fungus Leptosphaerulina trifolii A SMR-2011. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:264. [PMID: 38760519 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungi that inhabit fire-prone forests have to be adapted to harsh conditions and fungi affiliated to Ascomycota recovered from foliar litter samples were used for bioprospecting of molecules such as enzymes. Agni's fungi isolated from leaf litter, whose spores are capable of tolerating 110 oC were screened for thermostable lipases. One of the isolates, Leptosphaerulina trifolii A SMR-2011 exhibited high positive lipase activity than other isolates while screening through agar plate assay using Tween 20 in the medium. Maximum lipase activity (173.2 U/mg) of L. trifolii was observed at six days of inoculation and decreased thereafter. Among different oils used, the maximum lipase activity was attained by soybean oil (940.1 U/mg) followed by sunflower oil (917.1 U/mg), and then by mustard oil (884.8 U/mg), showing its specificity towards unsaturated fatty acids. Among the various organic nitrogen sources tested, soybean meal showed maximum lipase activity (985.4 U/mg). The partially purified enzyme was active over a wide range of pH from 8 to 12 with a pH optimum of 11.0 (728.1 U/mg) and a temperature range of 60-80 oC with an optimal temperature of 70 oC (779.1 U/mg). The results showed that lipase produced by L. trifolii is alkali stable and retained 85% of its activity at pH 11.0. This enzyme also showed high thermal stability retaining more than 50% of activity when incubated at 60 oC to 90 °C for 2 h. The ions Ca2+ and Mn2+ induced the lipase activity, while Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions lowered the activity compared to control. These results suggests that the leaf litter fungus L. trifolii serves as a potential source for the production of alkali-tolerant and thermostable lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondem Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Kirti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Trichur S Suryanarayanan
- Vivekananda Institute of Tropical Mycology (VINSTROM), Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600004, India
| | - Mondem Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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3
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Konzock O, Zaghen S, Fu J, Kerkhoven EJ. Urea is a drop-in nitrogen source alternative to ammonium sulphate in Yarrowia lipolytica. iScience 2022; 25:105703. [PMID: 36567708 PMCID: PMC9772842 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Media components, including the nitrogen source, are significant cost factors in cultivation processes. The nitrogen source also influences cell behavior and production performance. Ammonium sulfate is a widely used nitrogen source for microorganisms' cultivation. Urea is a sustainable and cheap alternative nitrogen source. We investigated the influence of urea as a nitrogen source compared to ammonium sulfate by cultivating phenotypically different Yarrowia lipolytica strains in chemostats under carbon or nitrogen limitation. We found no significant coherent changes in growth and lipid production. RNA sequencing revealed no significant concerted changes in the transcriptome. The genes involved in urea uptake and degradation are not upregulated on a transcriptional level. Our findings support urea usage, indicating that previous metabolic engineering efforts where ammonium sulfate was used are likely translatable to the usage of urea and can ease the way for urea as a cheap and sustainable nitrogen source in more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Konzock
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Zaghen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jing Fu
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eduard J. Kerkhoven
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden,Corresponding author
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4
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Post-Consumer Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Depolymerization by Yarrowia lipolytica: A Comparison between Hydrolysis Using Cell-Free Enzymatic Extracts and Microbial Submerged Cultivation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217502. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microorganisms have been reported as capable of acting on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to some extent, such as Yarrowia lipolytica, which is a yeast known to produce various hydrolases of industrial interest. The present work aims to evaluate PET depolymerization by Y. lipolytica using two different strategies. In the first one, biocatalysts were produced during solid-state fermentation (SSF-YL), extracted and subsequently used for the hydrolysis of PET and bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET), a key intermediate in PET hydrolysis. Biocatalysts were able to act on BHET, yielding terephthalic acid (TPA) (131.31 µmol L−1), and on PET, leading to a TPA concentration of 42.80 µmol L−1 after 168 h. In the second strategy, PET depolymerization was evaluated during submerged cultivations of Y. lipolytica using four different culture media, and the use of YT medium ((w/v) yeast extract 1%, tryptone 2%) yielded the highest TPA concentration after 96 h (65.40 µmol L−1). A final TPA concentration of 94.3 µmol L−1 was obtained on a scale-up in benchtop bioreactors using YT medium. The conversion obtained in bioreactors was 121% higher than in systems with SSF-YL. The results of the present work suggest a relevant role of Y. lipolytica cells in the depolymerization process.
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5
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Cordova LT, Palmer CM, Alper HS. Shifting the distribution: modulation of the lipid profile in Yarrowia lipolytica via iron content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1571-1581. [PMID: 35099573 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation offers a sustainable source of fuels, commodity chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, yet strain performance is influenced greatly by the growth media selected. Specifically, trace metals (e.g., iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and others) are critical for proper growth and enzymatic function within microorganisms yet are non-standardized across media formulation. In this work, the effect of trace metal supplementation on the lipid production profile of Yarrowia lipolytica was explored using tube scale fermentation followed by biomass and lipid characterization. Addition of iron (II) to the chemically defined Yeast Synthetic Complete (YSC) medium increased final optical density nearly twofold and lipid production threefold, while addition of copper (II) had no impact. Additionally, dose-responsive changes in lipid distribution were observed, with the percent of oleic acid increasing and stearic acid decreasing as initial iron concentration increased. These changes were reversible with subsequent iron-selective chelation. Use of rich Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) medium enabled further increases in the production of two specialty oleochemicals ultimately reaching 63 and 47% of the lipid pool as α-linolenic acid and cyclopropane fatty acid, respectively, compared to YSC medium. Selective removal of iron (II) natively present in YPD medium decreased this oleochemical production, ultimately aligning the lipid profile with that of non-supplemented YSC medium. These results provide further insight into the proposed mechanisms for iron regulation in yeasts especially as these productions strains contain a mutant allele of the iron regulator, mga2. The work presented here also suggests a non-genetic method for control of the lipid profile in Y. lipolytica for use in diverse applications. KEY POINTS: • Iron supplementation increases cell density and lipid titer in Yarrowia lipolytica. • Iron addition reversibly alters lipid portfolio increasing linolenic acid. • Removal of iron from YPD media provides a link to enhanced oleochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Cordova
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Claire M Palmer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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6
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Improved production of biocatalysts by Yarrowia lipolytica using natural sources of the biopolyesters cutin and suberin, and their application in hydrolysis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2277-2287. [PMID: 34165618 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since plastic pollution emerged as an urgent environmental problem, different biocatalysts have been tested for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) hydrolysis. This work evaluated three different possible inducers for lipases and/or esterases, two natural sources of biopolymers (apple peels and commercial cork) and PET, as supplements in the solid-state fermentation of soybean bran by Yarrowia lipolytica. The obtained enzymatic extracts displaying different levels of lipase and esterase activities were then tested for PET depolymerization. Supplementation with 5 or 20 wt% of commercial cork led to an increase of 16% in lipase activity and to an increase of 131% in esterase activity, respectively. PET supplementation also led to an increase in the esterase activity of the enzymatic extracts (up to 69%). Enzymes produced in the screening step were able to act as biocatalysts in PET hydrolysis. Enzymatic extracts obtained in fermentation samples supplemented with 20 wt% PET and 20 wt% apple peels led to the highest terephthalic acid concentration (21.2 µmol L-1) in 7 days, whereas enzymes produced in commercial cork media were more efficient for bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) hydrolysis, one of the key-PET hydrolysis intermediates. Results suggest a good potential of the biocatalysts produced by Y. lipolytica IMUFRJ 50,682 in a low-cost media for subsequent utilization in PET depolymerization reactions. This is one of the few reports on the use of a yeast for this application.
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7
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Aeration and Stirring in Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Biosynthesis during Batch Cultures with Waste Fish Oil as a Carbon Source. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied non-conventional forms of yeast, exhibiting a high secretory capacity and producing many industrially important and valuable metabolites. The yeast conceals a great biotechnological potential to synthesize organic acids, sweeteners, microbial oil, or fragrances. The vast majority of bioprocesses are carried out in bioreactors, where suitable culture conditions are provided. In the current study, the effect of agitation speed (200–600 rpm) and air flow rate (0.0375–2.0 dm3/(dm3 × min)) on the biomass yield and lipase activity of Y. lipolytica KKP 379 is analyzed in a growth medium containing waste fish oil. The increase of aeration intensity limited the period of oxygen deficit in the medium. Simultaneously, an increase in lipolytic activity was observed from 2.09 U/cm3 to 14.21 U/cm3; however, an excessive agitation speed likely caused oxidative or shear stresses, and a reduction in lipolytic activity was observed. Moreover, it is confirmed that the synthesis of lipases is related to oxygen consumption, pH, and the yeast growth phase, and appropriate process selection may provide two advantages, namely, the maximum use of the waste carbon source and the production of lipolytic enzymes that are valuable in many industries.
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8
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Baloch KA, Upaichit A, Cheirsilp B, Fibriana F. The Occurrence of Triple Catalytic Characteristics of Yeast Lipases and Their Application Prospects in Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Jatropha curcas Oil in a Solvent-Free System. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1914-1925. [PMID: 33835233 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular and cell-bound lipase-producing yeasts were isolated from the palm oil mill wastes and investigated for their potential uses as biocatalysts in biodiesel production. Twenty-six yeast strains were qualitatively screened as lipase producers. From those yeast strains, only six were selected and screened further for quantitative lipase production.The phylogenetic affiliations of the yeast strains were confirmed by investigating the D1/D2 domains of 26S rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 molecular regions of the six yeast strains selected as potent lipase producers. The three yeast strains A4C, 18B, and 10F showed a close association with Magnusiomyces capitatus. Two yeast strains (17B and AgB) had a close relationship with Saprochaete clavata, whereas the strain AW2 was identified as Magnusiomyces spicifer. Three main catalytic activities of the yeast lipases were evaluated and Magnusiomyces capitatus A4C, among the selected lipase-producing yeasts, had the highest extracellular lipolytic enzyme activity (969 U/L) with the cell-bound lipolytic enzyme activity of 11.3 U/gdm. The maximum cell-bound lipolytic activity (12.4 U/gdm) was observed in the cell-bound lipase fraction produced by Magnusiomyces spicifer AW2 with an extracellular lipolytic enzyme activity of 886 U/L. Based on the specific hydrolytic enzymatic activities, the cell-bound lipases (CBLs) from the three yeast strains M. capitatus A4C, M. spicifer AW2, and Saprochaete clavata 17B were further investigated for biodiesel production. Among them, the CBL from M. spicifer AW2 synthesized the most FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) at 81.2% within 12 h indicating that it has potential for application in enzymatic biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmed Baloch
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.,Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Apichat Upaichit
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Fidia Fibriana
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.,Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Central Java, 50229, Indonesia
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9
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Nunes PMB, Fraga JL, Ratier RB, Rocha-Leão MHM, Brígida AIS, Fickers P, Amaral PFF. Waste soybean frying oil for the production, extraction, and characterization of cell-wall-associated lipases from Yarrowia lipolytica. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:809-818. [PMID: 33389167 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica produces cell-wall-associated lipases, namely Lip7p and Lip8p, that could have interesting properties as catalyst either in free (released lipase fraction-RLF) or cell-associated (cell-bound lipase fraction-CBLF) forms. Herein, a mixture of waste soybean frying oil, yeast extract and bactopeptone was found to favor the enzyme production. Best parameters for lipase activation and release from the cell wall by means of acoustic wave treatment were defined as: 26 W/cm2 for 1 min for CBLF and 52 W/cm2 for 2 min for RLF. Optimal pH and temperature values for lipase activity together with storage conditions were similar for both the free enzyme and cell-associated one: pH 7.0; T = 37 °C; and > 70% residual activity for 60 days at 4, - 4 °C and for 15 days at 30 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M B Nunes
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030, Gelmbloux, Belgium
| | - Jully L Fraga
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Ratier
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena M Rocha-Leão
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ana I S Brígida
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Doutora Sara Mesquita, 2270, Pici, Fortaleza, CE, 60511-110, Brazil
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Av. de la Faculté 2B, 5030, Gelmbloux, Belgium
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149-CT, Bl. E, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
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10
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Fraga JL, Souza CPL, Pereira ADS, Aguieiras ECG, de Silva LO, Torres AG, Freire DG, Amaral PFF. Palm oil wastes as feedstock for lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica and biocatalyst application/reuse. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:191. [PMID: 33927982 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Palm oil production chain generates a greasy residue in the refining stage, the Palm Oil Deodorizer Distillate (PODD), mainly composed of free fatty acids. Palm oil is also used industrially to fry foods, generating a residual frying oil (RFO). In this paper, we aimed to produce lipase from palm agro-industrial wastes using an unconventional yeast. RFO_palm, from a known source, consisted of 0.11% MAG + FFA, 1.5% DAG, and 97.5 TAG, while RFO_commercial, from a commercial restaurant, contained 6.7% of DAG and 93.3% of TAG. All palm oil wastes were useful for extracellular lipase production, especially RFO_commercial that provided the highest activity (4.9 U/mL) and productivity (465 U/L.h) in 75 h of processing time. In 48 h of process, PODD presented 2.3 U/mL of lipase activity and 48.5 U/L.h of productivity. RFO_commercial also showed the highest values for lipase associated to cell debris (843 U/g). This naturally immobilized biocatalyst was tested on hydrolysis reactions to produce Lipolyzed Milk Fat and was quite efficient, with a hydrolysis yield of 13.1% and 3-cycle reuse. Therefore, oily palm residues seem a promising alternative to produce lipases by the non-pathogenic yeast Y. lipolytica and show great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully L Fraga
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Camila P L Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Adejanildo da S Pereira
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Erika C G Aguieiras
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Campus UFRJ - Duque de Caxias Prof. Geraldo Cidade, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25.240-005 Brazil
| | - Laís O de Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional E de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional E de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Denise G Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
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11
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Hapeta P, Szczepańska P, Neuvéglise C, Lazar Z. A 37-amino acid loop in the Yarrowia lipolytica hexokinase impacts its activity and affinity and modulates gene expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6412. [PMID: 33742083 PMCID: PMC7979807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a potent cell factory as it is able to use a wide variety of carbon sources to convert waste materials into value-added products. Nonetheless, there are still gaps in our understanding of its central carbon metabolism. Here we present an in-depth study of Y. lipolytica hexokinase (YlHxk1), a structurally unique protein. The greatest peculiarity of YlHxk1 is a 37-amino acid loop region, a structure not found in any other known hexokinases. By combining bioinformatic and experimental methods we showed that the loop in YlHxk1 is essential for activity of this protein and through that on growth of Y. lipolytica on glucose and fructose. We further proved that the loop in YlHxk1 hinders binding with trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), a glycolysis inhibitor, as hexokinase with partial deletion of this region is 4.7-fold less sensitive to this molecule. We also found that YlHxk1 devoid of the loop causes strong repressive effect on lipase-encoding genes LIP2 and LIP8 and that the hexokinase overexpression in Y. lipolytica changes glycerol over glucose preference when cultivated in media containing both substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Hapeta
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patrycja Szczepańska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Cécile Neuvéglise
- SPO, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Zbigniew Lazar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland.
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12
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Candida tropicalis as a Promising Oleaginous Yeast for Olive Mill Wastewater Bioconversion. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW), which is generated during olive oil production, has detrimental effects on the environment due to its high organic load and phenolic compounds content. OMW is difficult to biodegrade, but represents a valuable resource of nutrients for microbial growth. In this study, yeast strains were screened for their growth on phenolic compounds usually found in OMW and responsible for antimicrobial effects. Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 demonstrated an extraordinary capacity to grow in phenolics and was chosen for further experiments with OMW-based medium. The effects of nitrogen supplementation, the pH, and the stirring rate on cellular growth, OMW-components consumption, and added-value compounds production were studied in batch cultures in Erlenmeyer flasks and in a bioreactor. Candida tropicalis was able to reduce 68% of the organic load (chemical oxygen demand) and 39% of the total phenols of OMW in optimized conditions in bioreactor experiments, producing lipase (203 U·L−1) and protease (1105 U·L−1). Moreover, intracellular lipids were accumulated, most significantly under nitrogen-limited conditions, which is common in this type of wastewater. The high potential of C. tropicalis to detoxify OMW and produce added-value compounds from it makes this process an alternative approach to other conventional processes of OMW treatment.
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Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Korra YH, Osman AA, El-Kholy WM, Reyes-Córdova M, Saied EM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Fungal Lipases: Insights into Molecular Structures and Biotechnological Applications in Medicine and Dairy Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Salleh AB, Baharuddin SM, Rahman RNZRA, Leow TC, Basri M, Oslan SN. A Host-Vector System for the Expression of a Thermostable Bacterial Lipase in a Locally Isolated Meyerozyma guilliermondii SMB. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111738. [PMID: 33171893 PMCID: PMC7694529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening for a new yeast as an alternative host is expected to solve the limitations in the present yeast expression system. A yeast sample which was isolated from the traditional food starter ‘ragi’ from Malaysia was identified to contain Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain SMB. This yeast-like fungus strain SMB was characterized to assess its suitability as an expression host. Lipase activity was absent in this host (when assayed at 30 °C and 70 °C) and Hygromycin B (50 μg/mL) was found to be its best selection marker. Then, the hyg gene (Hygromycin B) was used to replace the sh ble gene (Zeocin) expression cassette in a Komagataella phaffii expression vector (designated as pFLDhα). A gene encoding the mature thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp. L2 was cloned into pFLDhα, followed by transformation into strain SMB. The optimal expression of L2 lipase was achieved using YPTM (Yeast Extract-Peptone-Tryptic-Methanol) medium after 48 h with 0.5% (v/v) methanol induction, which was 3 times faster than another K. phaffii expression system. In conclusion, a new host-vector system was established as a platform to express L2 lipase under the regulation of PFLD1. It could also be promising to express other recombinant proteins without inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Siti Marha Baharuddin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahiran Basri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.B.S.); (S.M.B.); (R.N.Z.R.A.R.); (T.C.L.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Fraga JL, da Penha ACB, Akil E, Silva KA, Amaral PFF. Catalytic and physical features of a naturally immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica lipase in cell debris (LipImDebri) displaying high thermostability. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:454. [PMID: 33088651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipase activity (337 U/g dry weight of cell debris) was detected in cell debris after ultrasound treatment of Yarrowia lipolytica cells cultivated in residual frying palm oil. It is a naturally immobilized lipase with protein content of 47%, herein called LipImDebri. This immobilized biocatalyst presents low hydrophobicity (8%), that can be increased adjusting pH and buffer type. Despite apparent intact cells, electron microscopy showed a shapeless and flat surface for LipImDebri and optical microscopy revealed no cell viability. Besides, an inferior mean diameter (3.4 mm) in relation to whole cells reveals structure modification. A high negative zeta potential value (- 33.86 mV) for pH 6 and 25 °C suggests that LipImDebri is a stable suspension in aqueous solution. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) expose differences between LipImDebri and extracellular lipase extract signaling a physical interaction between enzyme and cell debris, which is possibly the reason for the high thermostability (k d = 0.246 h-1; t 1/2 = 2.82 h at 50 °C, pH 7.0). A good adjustment of LipImDebri kinetic data with Hill equation (R 2 = 0.95) exposes an allosteric behavior related to the presence of more than one lipase isoform. These features reveal that LipImDebri can be a good catalyst for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully Lacerda Fraga
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Adrian Chaves Beserra da Penha
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Bloco A, sala 528A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24241-002 Brazil
| | - Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
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16
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Janek T, Mirończuk AM, Rymowicz W, Dobrowolski A. High-yield expression of extracellular lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica and its interactions with lipopeptide biosurfactants: A biophysical approach. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Kuncharoen N, Techo S, Savarajara A, Tanasupawat S. Identification and lipolytic activity of yeasts isolated from foods and wastes. Mycology 2020; 11:279-286. [PMID: 33329923 PMCID: PMC7723016 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1745922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-three yeasts were isolated from palm oil industrial wastes and traditional fermented foods in Thailand. Based on the analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) and their phenotypic characteristics, they were identified as Pichia kudriavzevii (11 isolates), Candida ethanolica (1 isolate), Clavispora lusitaniae (2 isolates), Ogataea polymorpha (1 isolate), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (1 isolate), Lodderomyces elongisporus (1 isolate), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2 isolates), C. tropicalis (5 isolates), Yarrowia lipolytica (2 isolates), Magnusiomyces ingens (1 isolate), and Magnusiomyces capitatus (3 isolates), Trichosporon insectorum (1 isolate), and Trichosporon asteroides (2 isolates). Seven strains, T. insectorum 4E-1D, M. capitatus 5E-1T and 5E-2D, T. asteroides 8E-1T and 8E-1D, and Y. lipolytica Fy-12 and Fy-13, showed high lipolytic activity ranged from 5.21 ± 0.09 to 45.68 ± 2.37 U/mL. Moreover, these seven strains exhibited good lipolytic activity after culturing in the medium containing palm oil (11.79 ± 0.67 to 28.19 ± 4.84 U/mL) and soy oil (9.14 ± 1.08 to 22.97 ± 0.69 U/mL) as lipase inducers. The result of this study suggests that the palm oil industrial wastes and Thai fermented foods could be promised as the invaluable sources of lipolytic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattakorn Kuncharoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sujitra Techo
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Ancharida Savarajara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somboon Tanasupawat
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu X, Yu X, Wang Z, Xia J, Yan Y, Hu L, Wang X, Xu J, He A, Zhao P. Enhanced erythritol production by a Snf1-deficient Yarrowia lipolytica strain under nitrogen-enriched fermentation condition. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Trotter PJ, Juco K, Le HT, Nelson K, Tamayo LI, Nicaud JM, Park YK. Glutamate dehydrogenases in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Yeast 2019; 37:103-115. [PMID: 31119792 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) are fundamental to cellular nitrogen and energy balance. Yet little is known about these enzymes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The YALI0F17820g and YALI0E09603g genes, encoding potential GDH enzymes in this organism, were examined. Heterologous expression in gdh-null Saccharomyces cerevisiae and examination of Y. lipolytica strains carrying gene deletions demonstrate that YALI0F17820g (ylGDH1) encodes a NADP-dependent GDH whereas YALI0E09603g (ylGDH2) encodes a NAD-dependent GDH enzyme. The activity encoded by these two genes accounts for all measurable GDH activity in Y. lipolytica. Levels of the two enzyme activities are comparable during logarithmic growth on rich medium, but the NADP-ylGDH1p enzyme activity is most highly expressed in stationary and nitrogen starved cells by threefold to 12-fold. Replacement of ammonia with glutamate causes a decrease in NADP-ylGdh1p activity, whereas NAD-ylGdh2p activity is increased. When glutamate is both carbon and nitrogen sources, the activity of NAD-ylGDH2p becomes dominant up to 18-fold compared with that of NADP-ylGDH1p. Gene deletion followed by growth on different carbon and nitrogen sources shows that NADP-ylGdh1p is required for efficient nitrogen assimilation whereas NAD-ylGdh2p plays a role in nitrogen and carbon utilization from glutamate. Overexpression experiments demonstrate that ylGDH1 and ylGDH2 are not interchangeable. These studies provide a vital basis for future consideration of how these enzymes function to facilitate energy and nitrogen homeostasis in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Trotter
- Guehler Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois
| | - Karen Juco
- Guehler Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois
| | - Ha T Le
- Guehler Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois
| | - Kjersten Nelson
- Guehler Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois
| | - Lizeth I Tamayo
- Guehler Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Biologie intégrative du Métabolisme Lipidique, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Young-Kyoung Park
- Biologie intégrative du Métabolisme Lipidique, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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20
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Mendes DB, Silva FFD, Guarda PM, Almeida AF, de Oliveira DP, Morais PB, Guarda EA. Lipolytic Enzymes with Hydrolytic and Esterification Activities Produced by Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Decomposition Leaves in an Aquatic Environment. Enzyme Res 2019; 2019:8182425. [PMID: 31275637 PMCID: PMC6582840 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8182425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial lipases are prominent biocatalysts able to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. In this work, filamentous fungi isolated from leaves decomposed in an aquatic environment were screened for lipase production with hydrolytic activity and esterification. Agar plates with Tween 20 and Rhodamine B were used for selection, while submerged cultures with olive oil were subsequently used to select 38 filamentous fungi. Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium solani, Trichoderma harzianum F5, and Penicillium sp. F36 were grown in six different culture media. F. solani presented the highest lipase production (2.37 U/mL) with esterification activity of 0.07 U/mL using medium composed of (g.L-1) KH2PO4 1.00, MgSO4 H2O 1.123, and CuSO4 0.06. Supplementation of this culture medium with organic nitrogen sources increased lipase production by 461.3% using tryptone and by 419.4% using yeast extract. Among the vegetable oils from the Amazon region, degummed cotton oil induced lipase production up to 8.14 U/mL. The lipase produced by F. solani F61 has great potential to application in conventional processes and biodiesel production by transesterification of vegetable oils, as well as food industries in the production of fatty acid esters by hydrolysis and esterification.
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Nehal F, Sahnoun M, Dab A, Sebaihia M, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Production optimization, characterization, and covalent immobilization of a thermophilic Serratia rubidaea lipase isolated from an Algerian oil waste. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3167-3181. [PMID: 30980268 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new thermophilic non-induced lipase producer named Serratia rubidaea strain Nehal-mou was isolated from oil waste in Tissemsilat, Algeria. The most influential lipase production parameters were screened by the Plackett-Burman design for enhancing enzyme yield. An optimum condition of a 1.5% of glucose, a 0.01% of potassium, and a 0.025% of manganese contents resulted in a 41.13 U/mL. This yield was 6.29 times higher than the one achieved before the application of the Box-Behnken Design. Lipase activity showed a high organic solvent tolerance following its exposure to hexane, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Lipase was also perfectly stable in the presence of 10 mM Fe2+, K+, and Na+ ions with more than 75% of the retaining activity. The enzyme half-life times were 22 h, 90 min, and 25 min at 50, 60, and 70 °C respectively. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/boric acid/Starch/CaCO3 were utilized as a carrier for lipase covalent immobilization in order to be used efficiently. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Technique and the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Method confirmed the covalent bonding success and the excellent carrier characteristics. Thus, the immobilization yield reached 73.5% and the optimum temperature was shifted from 40 to 65 °C. The immobilized lipase kept 80% of its total activity after 10 cycles and had 3 and 3.2-fold half-lives at 70, and 80 °C respectively compared to the free enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Nehal
- Faculty of Nature and Life Science, Department of Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnologies, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Ahlem Dab
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Sebaihia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Hay Essalam, 02000, Algeria
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sidi Mansour Road Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
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Soong YHV, Liu N, Yoon S, Lawton C, Xie D. Cellular and metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for bioconversion of hydrophobic substrates into high-value products. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:423-443. [PMID: 32625020 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is able to utilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon sources as substrates and convert them into value-added bioproducts such as organic acids, extracellular proteins, wax esters, long-chain diacids, fatty acid ethyl esters, carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids. Metabolic pathway analysis and previous research results show that hydrophobic substrates are potentially more preferred by Y. lipolytica than hydrophilic substrates to make high-value products at higher productivity, titer, rate, and yield. Hence, Y. lipolytica is becoming an efficient and promising biomanufacturing platform due to its capabilities in biosynthesis of extracellular lipases and directly converting the extracellular triacylglycerol oils and fats into high-value products. It is believed that the cell size and morphology of the Y. lipolytica is related to the cell growth, nutrient uptake, and product formation. Dimorphic Y. lipolytica demonstrates the yeast-to-hypha transition in response to the extracellular environments and genetic background. Yeast-to-hyphal transition regulating genes, such as YlBEM1, YlMHY1 and YlZNC1 and so forth, have been identified to involve as major transcriptional factors that control morphology transition in Y. lipolytica. The connection of the cell polarization including cell cycle and the dimorphic transition with the cell size and morphology in Y. lipolytica adapting to new growth are reviewed and discussed. This review also summarizes the general and advanced genetic tools that are used to build a Y. lipolytica biomanufacturing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hue Valerie Soong
- Massachusetts Biomanufacturing Center Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | - Na Liu
- Massachusetts Biomanufacturing Center Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | - Seongkyu Yoon
- Massachusetts Biomanufacturing Center Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | - Carl Lawton
- Massachusetts Biomanufacturing Center Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | - Dongming Xie
- Massachusetts Biomanufacturing Center Department of Chemical Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
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Velastegui E, Theron C, Berrios J, Fickers P. Downregulation by organic nitrogen of AOX1 promoter used for controlled expression of foreign genes in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Yeast 2019; 36:297-304. [PMID: 30699241 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is a well-established cell factory for recombinant protein synthesis. Various optimization strategies of processes based on AOX1 promoter have been investigated, including methanol co-feeding with glycerol or sorbitol during the induction stage. Compared with carbon sources, comparatively little research has been devoted to the effects of nitrogen sources. Several reports have described the benefits of adding casamino acids (CA) to the recombinant protein production medium, however, without considering its effects at the gene expression level. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter protein, monitored using flow cytometry, CA was shown to downregulate AOX1 promoter induction. Despite higher growth rates, cultures containing CA exhibited slower transition to the induced state, whereas metabolite analysis revealed that methanol consumption was reduced in the presence of CA compared with its absence. The repressive effect of CA was further confirmed by analysing the synthesis of extracellular recombinant Candida antarctica lipase under control of the AOX1 promoter. These findings highlight nitrogen source selection as an important consideration for AOX1-based protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Velastegui
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Chrispian Theron
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Julio Berrios
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
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Vandermies M, Fickers P. Bioreactor-Scale Strategies for the Production of Recombinant Protein in the Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E40. [PMID: 30704141 PMCID: PMC6406515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production represents a multibillion-dollar market. Therefore, it constitutes an important research field both in academia and industry. The use of yeast as a cell factory presents several advantages such as ease of genetic manipulation, growth at high cell density, and the possibility of post-translational modifications. Yarrowia lipolytica is considered as one of the most attractive hosts due to its ability to metabolize raw substrate, to express genes at a high level, and to secrete protein in large amounts. In recent years, several reviews have been dedicated to genetic tools developed for this purpose. Though the construction of efficient cell factories for recombinant protein synthesis is important, the development of an efficient process for recombinant protein production in a bioreactor constitutes an equally vital aspect. Indeed, a sports car cannot drive fast on a gravel road. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive snapshot of process tools to consider for recombinant protein production in bioreactor using Y. lipolytica as a cell factory, in order to facilitate the decision-making for future strain and process engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vandermies
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, University of Liège⁻Gembloux AgroBio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Fickers
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Microbial Processes and Interactions, University of Liège⁻Gembloux AgroBio Tech, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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26
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Lopes M, Miranda SM, Alves JM, Pereira AS, Belo I. Waste Cooking Oils as Feedstock for Lipase and Lipid-Rich Biomass Production. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. Miranda
- Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Joana M. Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Ana S. Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Isabel Belo
- Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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Fraga JL, Penha ACB, da S Pereira A, Silva KA, Akil E, Torres AG, Amaral PFF. Use of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Immobilized in Cell Debris for the Production of Lipolyzed Milk Fat (LMF). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3413. [PMID: 30384435 PMCID: PMC6274823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipase immobilized on Yarrowia lipolytica cell debris after sonication of yeast cells (LipImDebri) was used in hydrolysis reaction as a novel strategy to produce lipolyzed milk fat (LMF). Extracellular (4732.1 U/L), intracellular (130.0 U/g), and cell debris (181.0 U/g) lipases were obtained in a 4 L bioreactor using residual frying oil as inducer in 24 h fermentation process. LipImDebri showed a good operational stability retaining 70% of lipolytic activity after the second cycle and 40% after the fourth. The highest degree of hydrolysis (28%) was obtained with 500 mg LipImDebri for 6 h of lipolysis of anhydrous milk fat. LMF produced with LipImDebri presented high contents of oleic (35.2%), palmitic (25.0%), and stearic (15.4%) acids and considerable amounts of odor-active short and medium chain fatty acids (C:4⁻C:10) (8.13%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully L Fraga
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Adrian C B Penha
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Adejanildo da S Pereira
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Kelly A Silva
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre G Torres
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla F F Amaral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil.
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Zan X, Tang X, Chu L, Song Y. Characteristics of cell growth and lipid accumulation of high and low lipid-producing strains of Mucor circinelloides grown on different glucose-oil mixed media. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Markham KA, Palmer CM, Liu N, Stephanopoulos G, Alper HS. Metabolic engineering in the host Yarrowia lipolytica. Metab Eng 2018; 50:192-208. [PMID: 30056205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nonconventional, oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica is rapidly emerging as a valuable host for the production of a variety of both lipid and nonlipid chemical products. While the unique genetics of this organism pose some challenges, many new metabolic engineering tools have emerged to facilitate improved genetic manipulation in this host. This review establishes a case for Y. lipolytica as a premier metabolic engineering host based on innate metabolic capacity, emerging synthetic tools, and engineering examples. The metabolism underlying the lipid accumulation phenotype of this yeast as well as high flux through acyl-CoA precursors and the TCA cycle provide a favorable metabolic environment for expression of relevant heterologous pathways. These properties allow Y. lipolytica to be successfully engineered for the production of both native and nonnative lipid, organic acid, sugar and acetyl-CoA derived products. Finally, this host has unique metabolic pathways enabling growth on a wide range of carbon sources, including waste products. The expansion of carbon sources, together with the improvement of tools as highlighted here, have allowed this nonconventional organism to act as a cellular factory for valuable chemicals and fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Abdel-Mawgoud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kelly A Markham
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Claire M Palmer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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30
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Maharana AK, Singh SM. A cold and organic solvent tolerant lipase produced by Antarctic strain Rhodotorula sp. Y-23. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:331-342. [PMID: 29442377 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant yeast Rhodotorula sp. Y-23 was isolated from the sediment core sub-samples of Nella Lake, East Antarctica. Isolate was screened for lipase production using plate assay method followed by submerged fermentation. Production optimization revealed the maximum lipase production by using palmolein oil (5% v/v), pH 8.0 and inoculum size of 2.5% v/v at 15 °C. The potential inducers for lipase were 1% w/v of galactose and KNO3 , and MnCl2 (0.1% w/v). Final productions with optimized conditions gave 5.47-fold increase in lipase production. Dialyzed product gave a purification fold of 5.63 with specific activity of 26.83 U mg-1 and 15.67% yields. This lipase was more stable at pH 5.0 and -20 °C whereas more activity was found at pH 8.0 and 35 °C. Stability was more in 50 mM Fe3+ , EDTA-Na (20 mM), sodium deoxycholate (20 mM), H2 O2 (1% v/v), and almost all organic solvents (50% v/v). Tolerance capacity at wider range of pH and temperature with having lower Km value i.e., 0.08 mg ml-1 and higher Vmax 385.68 U mg-1 at 15 °C make the studied lipase useful for industrial applications. Besides this, the lipase was compatible with commercially available detergents, and its addition to them increases lipid degradation performances making it a potential candidate in detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhas K Maharana
- Polar Biology Laboratory, National Center for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
| | - Shiv M Singh
- Polar Biology Laboratory, National Center for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
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Brabender M, Hussain MS, Rodriguez G, Blenner MA. Urea and urine are a viable and cost-effective nitrogen source for Yarrowia lipolytica biomass and lipid accumulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2313-2322. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Xiaoyan L, Yu X, Lv J, Xu J, Xia J, Wu Z, Zhang T, Deng Y. A cost-effective process for the coproduction of erythritol and lipase with Yarrowia lipolytica M53 from waste cooking oil. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abdala AF, Gallardo AP, Olvera LG, Silva EME. Hydrolysis of carotenoid esters from Tagetes erecta by the action of lipases from Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28133596 PMCID: PMC5236077 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of enzymatic hydrolysis of carotenoid esters from Tagetes erecta using lipases from the yeast of Yarrowia lipolytica, with the aim of obtaining free lutein. The optimal concentrations of seven nutrients, considering the production of lipases relative to biomass (Yp/x) as the response variable, were determined in flask fermentations. In addition, we studied the effect on hydrolysis of growing Y. lipolytica in the presence of the oleoresin of the marigold flower in flask and stirred tank. Furthermore, hydrolysis of the oleoresin using the lipases from this microorganism was compared with the hydrolysis using lipases from Rhizopus oryzae. Cultured in the presence of marigold oleoresin, Y. lipolytica showed an increase in free carotenoids of 12.41% in flask and 8.8% in stirred tank, representing a fourfold and a threefold increase compared to the initial value in the fermentation, respectively. When lipases from the supernatant from both microorganisms were used for only 14 h hydrolysis experiments, a slight increase was achieved compared to a blank. We concluded that carotenoid esters of the oleoresin could not be completely hydrolyzed in 14 h by these lipases, but that growing Y. lipolytica in the presence of marigold oleoresin gives until fourfold production of free carotenoids in 72 h fermentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Figueiras Abdala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y A.G. Cubas s/n, 38010 Celaya, Gto Mexico
| | - Alfonso Pérez Gallardo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, 76010 Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro de Arteaga Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Guevara Olvera
- Departamento de ingeniería Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y A.G. Cubas s/n, 38010 Celaya, Gto Mexico
| | - Eleazar Máximo Escamilla Silva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av. Tecnológico y A.G. Cubas s/n, 38010 Celaya, Gto Mexico
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Lipase genes in Mucor circinelloides: identification, sub-cellular location, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling during growth and lipid accumulation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:1467-80. [PMID: 27535142 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipases or triacylglycerol hydrolases are widely spread in nature and are particularly common in the microbial world. The filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides is a potential lipase producer, as it grows well in triacylglycerol-contained culture media. So far only one lipase from M. circinelloides has been characterized, while the majority of lipases remain unknown in this fungus. In the present study, 47 potential lipase genes in M. circinelloides WJ11 and 30 potential lipase genes in M. circinelloides CBS 277.49 were identified by extensive bioinformatics analysis. An overview of these lipases is presented, including several characteristics, sub-cellular location, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of the lipase genes during growth and lipid accumulation. All of these proteins contained the consensus sequence for a classical lipase (GXSXG motif) and were divided into four types including α/β-hydrolase_1, α/β-hydrolase_3, class_3 and GDSL lipase (GDSL) based on gene annotations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that class_3 family and α/β-hydrolase_3 family were the conserved lipase family in M. circinelloides. Additionally, some lipases also contained a typical acyltransferase motif of H-(X) 4-D, and these lipases may play a dual role in lipid metabolism, catalyzing both lipid hydrolysis and transacylation reactions. The differential expression of all lipase genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the expression profiling were analyzed to predict the possible biological roles of these lipase genes in lipid metabolism in M. circinelloides. We preliminarily hypothesized that lipases may be involved in triacylglycerol degradation, phospholipid synthesis and beta-oxidation. Moreover, the results of sub-cellular localization, the presence of signal peptide and transcriptional analyses of lipase genes indicated that four lipase in WJ11 most likely belong to extracellular lipases with a signal peptide. These findings provide a platform for the selection of candidate lipase genes for further detailed functional study.
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35
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Enhancing production of lipase MAS1 from marine Streptomyces sp. strain in Pichia pastoris by chaperones co-expression. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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Lopes VRO, Farias MA, Belo IMP, Coelho MAZ. NITROGEN SOURCES ON TPOMW VALORIZATION THROUGH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION PERFORMED BY Yarrowia lipolytica. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160332s20150146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Shabbir Hussain M, Gambill L, Smith S, Blenner MA. Engineering Promoter Architecture in Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:213-23. [PMID: 26635071 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic promoters have a complex architecture to control both the strength and timing of gene transcription spanning up to thousands of bases from the initiation site. This complexity makes rational fine-tuning of promoters in fungi difficult to predict; however, this very same complexity enables multiple possible strategies for engineering promoter strength. Here, we studied promoter architecture in the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. While recent studies have focused on upstream activating sequences, we systematically examined various components common in fungal promoters. Here, we examine several promoter components including upstream activating sequences, proximal promoter sequences, core promoters, and the TATA box in autonomously replicating expression plasmids and integrated into the genome. Our findings show that promoter strength can be fine-tuned through the engineering of the TATA box sequence, core promoter, and upstream activating sequences. Additionally, we identified a previously unreported oleic acid responsive transcription enhancement in the XPR2 upstream activating sequences, which illustrates the complexity of fungal promoters. The promoters engineered here provide new genetic tools for metabolic engineering in Y. lipolytica and provide promoter engineering strategies that may be useful in engineering other non-model fungal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Shabbir Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Lauren Gambill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Spencer Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Mark A. Blenner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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38
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Vorapreeda T, Thammarongtham C, Cheevadhanarak S, Laoteng K. Genome mining of fungal lipid-degrading enzymes for industrial applications. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 161:1613-1626. [PMID: 26271808 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are interesting enzymes, which contribute important roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis and cellular metabolisms. Using available genome data, seven lipase families of oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeast and fungi were categorized based on the similarity of their amino acid sequences and conserved structural domains. Of them, triacylglycerol lipase (patatin-domain-containing protein) and steryl ester hydrolase (abhydro_lipase-domain-containing protein) families were ubiquitous enzymes found in all species studied. The two essential lipases rendered signature characteristics of integral membrane proteins that might be targeted to lipid monolayer particles. At least one of the extracellular lipase families existed in each species of yeast and fungi. We found that the diversity of lipase families and the number of genes in individual families of oleaginous strains were greater than those identified in non-oleaginous species, which might play a role in nutrient acquisition from surrounding hydrophobic substrates and attribute to their obese phenotype. The gene/enzyme catalogue and relevant informative data of the lipases provided by this study are not only valuable toolboxes for investigation of the biological role of these lipases, but also convey potential in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayvich Vorapreeda
- Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Chinae Thammarongtham
- Biochemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Research and Development Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) at King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.,Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkhuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Bioresources Technology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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39
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Čanak I, Berkics A, Bajcsi N, Kovacs M, Belak A, Teparić R, Maraz A, Mrša V. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active Lipase from the Yeast Candida zeylanoides. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 25:403-11. [PMID: 26820306 DOI: 10.1159/000442818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-active lipases have attracted attention in recent years due to their potential applications in reactions requiring lower temperatures. Both bacterial and fungal lipases have been investigated, each having distinct advantages for particular applications. Among yeasts, cold-active lipases from the genera Candida, Yarrowia, Rhodotorula, and Pichia have been reported. In this paper, biosynthesis and properties of a novel cold-active lipase from Candida zeylanoides isolated from refrigerated poultry meat are described. Heat-sterilized olive oil was found to be the best lipase biosynthesis inducer, while nonionic detergents were not effective. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using hydrophobic chromatography and its enzymatic properties were tested. Pure enzyme activity at 7 °C was about 60% of the maximal activity at 27 °C. The enzyme had rather good activity at higher temperatures, as well. Optimal pH of pure lipase was between 7.3 and 8.2, while the enzyme from the crude extract had an optimum pH of about 9.0. The enzyme was sensitive to high ionic strength and lost most of its activity at high salt concentrations. Due to the described properties, cold-active C. zeylanoides lipase has comparative advantages to most similar enzymes with technological applications and may have potential to become an industrially important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Čanak
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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40
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Ben Bacha A, Moubayed NM, Al-Assaf A. An organic solvent-stable lipase from a newly isolated Staphylococcus aureus ALA1 strain with potential for use as an industrial biocatalyst. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:378-90. [PMID: 25828848 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new strain, ALA1, was identified as Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical tests, and its 16S ribosomal DNA sequence was isolated from dromedary milk. ALA1 lipase production was optimized in shake flask experiments and measured with varying pH (3-11), temperature (20-55 °C) and substrate concentrations. The maximum lipase production was recorded at pH 8 and 30 °C for up to 30 H of culture period for the S. aureus ALA1 strain. Among the substrates tested, selected carbon sources, xylose, nitrogen source, yeast extract, and olive oil (1%) were suitable for maximizing lipase production. The effects of surfactants were investigated and showed that Tween 20, Tween 80, and Triton X-100 prevented lipase production. Interestingly, isolate ALA1 was able to grow in high concentrations of benzene or toluene (up to 50% (v/v)). Moreover, the lipolytic activity of the S. aureus ALA1 lipase was stimulated by diethyl ether, whereas almost 100% of S. aureus ALA1 lipase activity was retained in 25% acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, 2-propanol, ethanol, methanol, or toluene. Because of its stability in organic solvent, the S. aureus ALA1 lipase was used as a biocatalyst to synthesize high levels of added value molecules. S. aureus ALA1 lipase could be considered as an ideal choice for applications in detergent formulations because of its high stability and compatibility with various surfactants, oxidizing agents, and commercial detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadine Ms Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Assaf
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Souza LTA, Oliveira JS, Rodrigues MQRB, dos Santos VL, Pessela BC, Resende RR. Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) cake from biodiesel processing: a low-cost substrate to produce lipases from Moniliella spathulata R25L270 with potential application in the oleochemical industry. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:87. [PMID: 26077335 PMCID: PMC4467061 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biodiesel industry wastes were evaluated as supplements for lipase production by Moniliella spathulata R25L270, which
is newly identified yeast with great lipolytic potential. Macaúba cake (MC), used for the first time in this work as inducer to produce lipases, and residual oil (RO) were mixed to maximise enzyme production. The lipase secreted was biochemically characterised. Results The best ratio for the mixture (MC:RO) was 0.66:0.34 and the fitted values for lipase activity and total protein concentration were 0.98 U mL−1 and 0.356 mg mL−1, respectively. Maximum activity obtained (2.47 U mL−1) was achieved at 31.5°C and pH 6.7, and the enzyme was stable in this condition. A novel enzyme was purified and identified for the first time by mass spectrometry. The lipase efficiently hydrolysed different natural oils and exhibited selectivity in the production of eicosapentaenoic acid from fish oil. Conclusion The use of MC and RO as a supplement to produce the new lipase from M. spathulata R25L270 may be one alternative for reducing lipase production costs and simultaneously adding value to biodiesel industry residues. The potential application of the lipase in the oleochemical industry was demonstrated by its pH and temperature stabilities and selective hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia T A Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Jamil S Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marina Q R B Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Vera L dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Instituto Nanocell and Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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42
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Sekova VY, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI. Biotechnological applications of the extremophilic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Kamoun J, Schué M, Messaoud W, Baignol J, Point V, Mateos-Diaz E, Mansuelle P, Gargouri Y, Parsiegla G, Cavalier JF, Carrière F, Aloulou A. Biochemical characterization of Yarrowia lipolytica LIP8, a secreted lipase with a cleavable C-terminal region. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yarrowia lipolytica and its multiple applications in the biotechnological industry. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:476207. [PMID: 24715814 PMCID: PMC3970049 DOI: 10.1155/2014/476207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a nonpathogenic dimorphic aerobic yeast that stands out due to its ability to grow in hydrophobic environments. This property allowed this yeast to develop an ability to metabolize triglycerides and fatty acids as carbon sources. This feature enables using this species in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with oil spill. In addition, Y. lipolytica has been calling the interest of researchers due to its huge biotechnological potential, associated with the production of several types of metabolites, such as bio-surfactants, γ-decalactone, citric acid, and intracellular lipids and lipase. The production of a metabolite rather than another is influenced by the growing conditions to which Y. lipolytica is subjected. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources to be used, as well as their concentrations in the growth medium, and the careful determination of fermentation parameters, pH, temperature, and agitation (oxygenation), are essential for efficient metabolites production. This review discusses the biotechnological potential of Y. lipolytica and the best growing conditions for production of some metabolites of biotechnological interest.
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Brígida AI, Amaral PF, Coelho MA, Gonçalves LR. Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica: Production, characterization and application as an industrial biocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Acid lipase from Candida viswanathii: production, biochemical properties, and potential application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:435818. [PMID: 24350270 PMCID: PMC3847968 DOI: 10.1155/2013/435818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Influences of environmental variables and emulsifiers on lipase production of a Candida viswanathii strain were investigated. The highest lipase activity (101.1 U) was observed at 210 rpm, pH 6.0, and 27.5°C. Other fermentation parameters analyzed showed considerable rates of biomass yield (Y L/S = 1.381 g/g), lipase yield (Y L/S = 6.892 U/g), and biomass productivity (P X = 0.282 g/h). Addition of soybean lecithin increased lipase production in 1.45-fold, presenting lipase yield (Y L/S ) of 10.061 U/g. Crude lipase presented optimal activity at acid pH of 3.5, suggesting a new lipolytic enzyme for this genus and yeast in general. In addition, crude lipase presented high stability in acid conditions and temperature between 40 and 45°C, after 24 h of incubation in these temperatures. Lipase remained active in the presence of organic solvents maintaining above 80% activity in DMSO, methanol, acetonitrile, ethanol, acetone, 1-propanol, isopropanol, and 2-propanol. Effectiveness for the hydrolysis of a wide range of natural triglycerides suggests that this new acid lipase has high potential application in the oleochemical and food industries for hydrolysis and/or modification of triacylglycerols to improve the nutritional properties.
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The Lipases from Y. lipolytica: Genetics, Production, Regulation, and Biochemical Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38583-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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de Almeida AF, Taulk-Tornisielo SM, Carmona EC. Influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on lipase production by a newly isolated Candida viswanathii strain. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Production of recombinant proteins by yeast cells. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Deive FJ, Alvarez MS, Sanromán MA, Longo MA. North Western Spain hot springs are a source of lipolytic enzyme-producing thermophilic microorganisms. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:239-50. [PMID: 22763779 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Several hot springs in Galicia (North Western Spain) have been investigated as potential sources of lipolytic enzyme-producing thermophilic microorganisms. After isolating 12 esterase producing strains, 9 of them were assured to be true lipase producers, and consequently grown in submerged cultures, obtaining high extracellular activities by two of them. Furthermore, a preliminary partial characterization of the crude lipase, obtained by ultrafiltration of the cell-free culture supernatant, was carried out at several pH and temperature values. It is outstanding that several enzymes turned out to be multiextremozymes, since they had their optimum temperature and pH at typical values from thermoalkalophiles. The thermal stability in aqueous solution of the crude enzymes was also assayed, and the influence of some potential enzyme stabilizing compounds was tested. Finally, the viability of the selected microorganisms has been demonstrated at bioreactor scale.
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