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Kumar R, R R, Diwakar V, Khan N, Kumar Meghwanshi G, Garg P. Structural-functional analysis of drug target aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103908. [PMID: 38301800 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids in microorganisms and some plants. Inhibition of ASADHs can be a potential drug target for developing novel antimicrobial and herbicidal compounds. This review covers up-to-date information about sequence diversity, ligand/inhibitor-bound 3D structures, potential inhibitors, and key pharmacophoric features of ASADH useful in designing novel and target-specific inhibitors of ASADH. Most reported ASADH inhibitors have two highly electronegative functional groups that interact with two key arginyl residues present in the active site of ASADHs. The structural information, active site binding modes, and key interactions between the enzyme and inhibitors serve as the basis for designing new and potent inhibitors against the ASADH family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajkumar R
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vineet Diwakar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Nazam Khan
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Applied Medical Science College, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India.
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2
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Khan S, Khan M, Lohani M, Ahmad S, Sherwani S, Bhagwath S, Khan MWA, Wahid M, Aqil F, Haque S. NADP/H binding nearly doubles the stability of a Mycobacterium drug target: an unfolding study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8018-8025. [PMID: 36166625 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2127910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium Aspartate beta semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) was studied using various spectroscopic techniques and size exclusion chromatography to examine the unfolding of free (apo) and NADP/H-bound (holo) forms of ASADH. Non-cooperative guanidinium chloride (GdnHCl)-induced unfolding of the apo ASADH was discovered, and no partially folded intermediate structures were stabilized. On the other hand, it was observed that GdnHCl's unfolding of holoenzyme was a cooperative process without any stable intermediate structure. The native form of holoenzyme is found to be stable against the lower concentration of GdnHCl only (namely up to 1.25 M GdnHCl). The tryptophan environment appears to unfold cooperatively in case of the holoenzyme and is in well coordination with the overall unfolding of the holoenzyme. The presence of NADP/H shows a stabilizing effect on the tryptophan environment as well as on the native NADP/H-bound enzyme. Δ G Solvent o values reveal nearly two-fold (∼1.9) conformationally more stable folded holoenzyme compared to its native apo state. The Cm for the apo and holo forms of ASADH are 1.3 and 1.9 M, respectively. Novel drug leads targeting the NADP/H binding domain of ASADH could offer promising drugs against extremely infective Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundeep Bhagwath
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- Department of Medicine and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Joshi K, Meena S, Meena LS. Analysis of predicted amino acid biosynthesis in Rv3344c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 37 Rv using bioinformatics tools. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 67:213-223. [PMID: 31596006 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv (M. tuberculosis) affects one-third population of the world. Emergence of effective treatment/research against this disease is need of the hour. Therefore, we present some important aspects of Rv3344c, which is a PE_PGRS protein. Evidence shows that PE_PGRS proteins show fibronectin binding activity. This protein has affinity for calcium and also shows motifs of GTP-binding protein. It also shows the presence of sites for ribose-5-phosphate binding and motifs of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, both of which are involved in amino acid biosynthesis. Thus, this protein might be targeted to block the amino acid biosynthesis in M. tuberculosis. This article takes into consideration some important aspects of Rv3344c protein as its function is still unknown. This study includes retrieval of protein sequence database, multiple sequence alignment, protein-protein interaction, epitope prediction, localization, function prediction, phosphorylation site prediction, model building and its validation, ligand-binding prediction along with mutational analysis. Hence, this study might be an important step in the development of new drugs and treatment of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Joshi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Swati Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Laxman S Meena
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Khan S, Somvanshi P, Bhardwaj T, Mandal RK, Dar SA, Wahid M, Jawed A, Lohani M, Khan M, Areeshi MY, Haque S. Aspartate‐β‐semialdeyhyde dehydrogenase as a potential therapeutic target of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
H37Rv: Evidence from in silico elementary mode analysis of biological network model. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2832-2842. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Clinical NutritionCollege of Applied Medical Sciences University of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Raju K. Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Sajad A. Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Clinical NutritionCollege of Applied Medical Sciences University of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y. Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies UnitCollege of Nursing and Allied Health SciencesJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
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Meng J, Yang Y, Xiao C, Guan Y, Hao X, Deng Q, Lu Z. Identification and Validation of Aspartic Acid Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase as a New Anti-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Target. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23572-86. [PMID: 26437401 PMCID: PMC4632714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) lies at the first branch point in the essential aspartic acid biosynthetic pathway that is found in bacteria and plants but is absent from animals. Mutations in the asadh gene encoding ASADH produce an inactive enzyme, which is lethal. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the hypothesis that ASADH represents a new anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) target. An asadh promoter-replacement mutant MTB, designated MTB::asadh, in which asadh gene expression is regulated by pristinamycin, was constructed to investigate the physiological functions of ASADH in the host bacteria. Bacterial growth was evaluated by monitoring OD600 and ASADH expression was analyzed by Western blotting. The results showed that the growth and survival of MTB::asadh was completely inhibited in the absence of the inducer pristinamycin. Furthermore, the growth of the mutant was rigorously dependent on the presence of the inducer in the medium. The starved mutant exhibited a marked reduction (approximately 80%) in the cell wall materials compared to the wild-type, in addition to obvious morphological differences that were apparent in scanning electron microscopy studies; however, with the addition of pristinamycin, the cell wall contents and morphology similar to those of the wild-type strain were recovered. The starved mutant also exhibited almost no pathogenicity in an in vitro model of infection using mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. The mutant showed a concentration-dependent recovery of pathogenicity with the addition of the inducer. These findings implicate ASADH as a promising target for the development of novel anti-MTB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanhui Yang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xueqin Hao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qi Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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6
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Gouzy A, Poquet Y, Neyrolles O. Amino acid capture and utilization within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome. Future Microbiol 2015; 9:631-7. [PMID: 24957090 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of TB, is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates inside host macrophages and other phagocytes within a membrane-bound vacuole or phagosome. How M. tuberculosis captures and exploits vital nutrients inside host cells is an intensive research area that might lead to novel therapeutics for tuberculosis. Recent reports provided evidence that M. tuberculosis relies on amino acid uptake and degradation pathways to thrive inside its host. This opens novel research venues for the development of innovative antimicrobials against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gouzy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5089, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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8
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Gouzy A, Poquet Y, Neyrolles O. A central role for aspartate in Mycobacterium tuberculosis physiology and virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:68. [PMID: 24187657 PMCID: PMC3807545 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gouzy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale Toulouse, France ; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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9
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Jindal G, Tewari R, Gautam A, Pandey SK, Rishi P. Immunological characterization of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi FliC protein expressed in Escherichia coli. AMB Express 2012; 2:55. [PMID: 23067582 PMCID: PMC3502275 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Like any other enteric pathogen, Salmonella also encounters acidic stress in the stomach as well as within the host macrophage milieu. However, the pathogen is reported to combat this stress through acid tolerance response (ATR), expressing a number of genes and eventually the proteins. Recently, an acid induced outer membrane phenotype encoded by fliC gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been identified. In the present study, fliC gene was cloned to study its biological implications. The recombinant FliC (rFliC) protein was observed to stimulate the production of antibodies. These antibodies could also recognize the FliC protein (antigen) in the clinical samples i.e. blood samples from typhoid patents as well as healthy blood samples spiked with serovar Typhi. Moreover, the rFliC also reacted with the sera from patients suffering with typhoid fever indicating its in-vivo immunogenicity. Ex-vivo study revealed that rFliC has the potential to stimulate the macrophages to generate higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite. The inflammatory potential of FliC was also confirmed in-vivo, by the paw oedema test as well as by flicking response of the inflamed paw indicating hyperalgesia occurring during inflammatory response. The findings of the present study indicate that acid induced FliC might be one of the factors enhancing the virulence of serovar Typhi under the host acidic conditions and may prove to be helpful in designing the prophylactic measures.
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Vyas R, Tewari R, Weiss MS, Karthikeyan S. Structures of ternary complexes of aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Rv3708c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2012; 68:671-9. [PMID: 22683789 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912007330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Asd; ASADH; EC 1.2.1.11) is the enzyme that lies at the first branch point in the biosynthetic pathway of important amino acids including lysine and methionine and the cell-wall component diaminopimelate (DAP). The enzymatic reaction of ASADH is the reductive dephosphorylation of aspartyl-β-phosphate (ABP) to aspartate β-semialdehyde (ASA). Since the aspartate pathway is absolutely essential for the survival of many microbes and is absent in humans, the enzymes involved in this pathway can be considered to be potential antibacterial drug targets. In this work, the structure of ASADH from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb-ASADH) has been determined in complex with glycerol and sulfate at 2.18 Å resolution and in complex with S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) and sulfate at 1.95 Å resolution. The overall structure of Mtb-ASADH is similar to those of its orthologues. However, in the Mtb-ASADH-glycerol complex structure the glycerol molecule is noncovalently bound to the active-site residue Cys130, while in the Mtb-ASADH-SMCS complex structure the SMCS (Cys) is covalently linked to Cys130. The Mtb-ASADH-SMCS complex structurally mimics one of the intermediate steps in the proposed mechanism of ASADH enzyme catalysis. Comparison of the two complex structures revealed that the amino acids Glu224 and Arg249 undergo conformational changes upon binding of glycerol. Moreover, the structures reported here may help in the development of species-specific antibacterial drug molecules against human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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11
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Usha V, Lloyd AJ, Lovering AL, Besra GS. Structure and function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) biosynthetic enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 330:10-6. [PMID: 22339732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of an increased emergence of resistance to current antitubercular drugs, there is a need for new antitubercular agents directed against novel targets. Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) biosynthetic enzymes are unique to bacteria and are absent in mammals and provide a rich source of essential targets for antitubercular chemotherapy. Herein, we review the structure and function of the mycobacterial DAP biosynthetic enzymes.
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12
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Kumar S, Sharma R, Tewari R. Production of N-acetylglucosamine using recombinant chitinolytic enzymes. Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:319-25. [PMID: 22754010 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutically important compound N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), is used in various therapeutic formulations, skin care products and dietary supplements. Currently, NAG is being produced by an environment-unfriendly chemical process using chitin, a polysaccharide present in abundance in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, as a substrate. In the present study, we report the potential of an eco-friendly biological process for the production of NAG using recombinant bacterial enzymes, chitinase (CHI) and chitobiase (CHB). The treatment of chitin with recombinant CHI alone produced 8% NAG and 72% chitobiose, a homodimer of NAG. However, supplementation of the reaction mixture with another recombinant enzyme, CHB, resulted in approximately six fold increase in NAG production. The product, NAG, was confirmed by HPLC, TLC and ESI-MS studies. Conditions are being optimized for increased production of NAG from chitin.
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Khan S, Bhakuni V, Praveen V, Tewari R, Tripathi CKM, Gupta VD. Maximizing the native concentration and shelf life of protein: a multiobjective optimization to reduce aggregation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:99-108. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Vyas R, Kumar V, Panjikar S, Karthikeyan S, Kishan KVR, Tewari R, Weiss MS. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Rv3708c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:167-70. [PMID: 18323599 PMCID: PMC2374159 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108002753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Asd, ASADH, Rv3708c), which is the second enzyme in the lysine/homoserine-biosynthetic pathways, has been expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was purified using affinity and gel-filtration chromatographic techniques and crystallized in two different crystal forms. Preliminary diffraction data analysis suggested the presence of up to four monomers in the asymmetric unit of the orthorhombic crystal form A and of one or two monomers in the cubic crystal form B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Vyas
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- EMBL Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- EMBL Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - K. V. Radha Kishan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
- GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Rupinder Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Manfred S. Weiss
- EMBL Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Singh A, Kushwaha HR, Sharma P. Molecular modelling and comparative structural account of aspartyl beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv). J Mol Model 2008; 14:249-63. [PMID: 18236087 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspartyl beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) is an important enzyme, occupying the first branch position of the biosynthetic pathway of the aspartate family of amino acids in bacteria, fungi and higher plants. It catalyses reversible dephosphorylation of L: -beta-aspartyl phosphate (betaAP) to L: -aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (ASA), a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-an essential component of cross linkages in bacterial cell walls. Since the aspartate pathway is unique to plants and bacteria, and ASADH is the key enzyme in this pathway, it becomes an attractive target for antimicrobial agent development. Therefore, with the objective of deducing comparative structural models, we have described a molecular model emphasizing the uniqueness of ASADH from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) that should generate insights into the structural distinctiveness of this protein as compared to structurally resolved ASADH from other bacterial species. We find that mtASADH exhibits structural features common to bacterial ASADH, while other structural motifs are not present. Structural analysis of various domains in mtASADH reveals structural conservation among all bacterial ASADH proteins. The results suggest that the probable mechanism of action of the mtASADH enzyme might be same as that of other bacterial ASADH. Analysis of the structure of mtASADH will shed light on its mechanism of action and may help in designing suitable antagonists against this enzyme that could control the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Singh
- Centre of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (CCBB), School of Information Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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16
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Hutton CA, Perugini MA, Gerrard JA. Inhibition of lysine biosynthesis: an evolving antibiotic strategy. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2007; 3:458-65. [PMID: 17579770 DOI: 10.1039/b705624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biosynthesis of lysine has come under increased scrutiny as a target for novel antibacterial agents as it provides lysine for protein synthesis and both lysine and meso-diaminopimelate for construction of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall. In this Highlight article we review recent advances in the validation of antibiotic targets, studies of the enzymes of the lysine biosynthetic pathway and development of inhibitors of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Hutton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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17
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Faehnle CR, Ohren JF, Viola RE. A new branch in the family: structure of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii. J Mol Biol 2005; 353:1055-68. [PMID: 16225889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) from Methanococcus jannaschii has been determined to 2.3 angstroms resolution using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing of a selenomethionine-substituted derivative to define a new branch in the family of ASADHs. This new structure has a similar overall fold and domain organization despite less than 10% conserved sequence identity with the bacterial enzymes. However, the entire repertoire of functionally important active site amino acid residues is conserved, suggesting an identical catalytic mechanism but with lower catalytic efficiency. A new coenzyme-binding conformation and dual NAD/NADP coenzyme specificity further distinguish this archaeal branch from the bacterial ASADHs. Several structural differences are proposed to account for the dramatically enhanced thermostability of this archaeal enzyme. Finally, the intersubunit communication channel connecting the active sites in the bacterial enzyme dimer has been disrupted in the archaeal ASADHs by amino acid changes that likely prevent the alternating sites reactivity previously proposed for the bacterial ASADHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Faehnle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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