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Kumar S, Diksha, Sindhu SS, Kumar R. Biofertilizers: An ecofriendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100094. [PMID: 35024641 PMCID: PMC8724949 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays an important role in a country's economy. In modern intensive agricultural practices, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied on large scale to increase crop production in order to meet the nutritional requirements of the ever-increasing world population. However, rapid urbanization with shrinking agricultural lands, dramatic change in climatic conditions and extensive use of agrochemicals in agricultural practices has been found to cause environmental disturbances and public health hazards affecting food security and sustainability in agriculture. Besides this, agriculture soils are continuously losing their quality and physical properties as well as their chemical (imbalance of nutrients) and biological health due to indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Plant-associated microbes with their plant growth- promoting traits have enormous potential to solve these challenges and play a crucial role in enhancing plant biomass and crop yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The beneficial mechanisms of plant growth improvement include enhanced availability of nutrients (i.e., N, P, K, Zn and S), phytohormone modulation, biocontrol of phytopathogens and amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses. This plant-microbe interplay is indispensable for sustainable agriculture and these microbes may perform essential role as an ecological engineer to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Various steps involved for production of solid-based or liquid biofertilizer formulation include inoculum preparation, addition of cell protectants such as glycerol, lactose, starch, a good carrier material, proper packaging and best delivery methods. In addition, recent developments of formulation include entrapment/microencapsulation, nano-immobilization of microbial bioinoculants and biofilm-based biofertilizers. Thus, inoculation with beneficial microbes has emerged as an innovative eco-friendly technology to feed global population with available resources. This review critically examines the current state-of-art on use of microbial strains as biofertilizers in different crop systems for sustainable agriculture and in maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity. It is believed that acquisition of advanced knowledge of plant-PGPR interactions, bioengineering of microbial communities to improve the performance of biofertilizers under field conditions, will help in devising strategies for sustainable, environment-friendly and climate smart agricultural technologies to deliver short and long terms solutions for improving crop productivity to feed the world in a more sustainable manner.
Modern intensive agricultural practices face numerous challenges that pose major threats to global food security. In order to address the nutritional requirements of the ever-increasing world population, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied on large scale to increase crop production. However, the injudicious use of agrochemicals has resulted in environmental pollution leading to public health hazards. Moreover, agriculture soils are continuously losing their quality and physical properties as well as their chemical (imbalance of nutrients) and biological health. Plant-associated microbes with their plant growth- promoting traits have enormous potential to solve these challenges and play a crucial role in enhancing plant biomass and crop yield. The beneficial mechanisms of plant growth improvement include enhanced nutrient availability, phytohormone modulation, biocontrol of phytopathogens and amelioration of biotic and abiotic stresses. Solid-based or liquid bioinoculant formulation comprises inoculum preparation, addition of cell protectants such as glycerol, lactose, starch, a good carrier material, proper packaging and best delivery methods. Recent developments of formulation include entrapment/microencapsulation, nano-immobilization of microbial bioinoculants and biofilm-based biofertilizers. This review critically examines the current state-of-art on use of microbial strains as biofertilizers and the important roles performed by these beneficial microbes in maintaining soil fertility and enhancing crop productivity.
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Key Words
- ABA, Abscisic acid
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
- AM, Arbuscular mycorrhiza
- APX, Ascorbate peroxidase
- BGA, Blue green algae
- BNF, Biological nitrogen fixation
- Beneficial microorganisms
- Biofertilizers
- CAT, Catalase
- Crop production
- DAPG, 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol
- DRB, Deleterious rhizospheric bacteria
- GA, Gibberellic acid
- GPX, Glutathione/thioredoxin peroxidase
- HCN, Hydrogen cyanide
- IAA, Indole acetic acid
- IAR, Intrinsic antibiotic resistance
- ISR, Induced systemic resistance
- KMB, Potassium mobilizing bacteria
- KSMs, Potassium-solubilizing microbes
- MAMPs, Microbes associated molecular patterns
- PAMPs, Pathogen associated molecular patterns
- PCA, Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
- PGP, Plant growth-promoting
- PGPR, Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
- POD, Peroxidase
- PSB, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
- Rhizosphere
- SAR, Systemic acquired resistance
- SOB, Sulphur oxidizing bacteria
- Soil fertility
- Sustainable agriculture
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Diksha
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Satyavir S Sindhu
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
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Casas-Godoy L, Arellano-Plaza M, Kirchmayr M, Barrera-Martínez I, Gschaedler-Mathis A. Preservation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts: Current technologies and challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3464-3503. [PMID: 34096187 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a recent and growing interest in the study and application of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, mainly in fermented foods. Numerous publications and patents show the importance of these yeasts. However, a fundamental issue in studying and applying them is to ensure an appropriate preservation scheme that allows to the non-Saccharomyces yeasts conserve their characteristics and fermentative capabilities by long periods of time. The main objective of this review is to present and analyze the techniques available to preserve these yeasts (by conventional and non-conventional methods), in small or large quantities for laboratory or industrial applications, respectively. Wine fermentation is one of the few industrial applications of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, but the preservation stage has been a major obstacle to achieve a wider application of these yeasts. This review considers the preservation techniques, and clearly defines parameters such as culturability, viability, vitality and robustness. Several conservation strategies published in research articles as well as patents are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique used are discussed. Another important issue during conservation processes is the stress to which yeasts are subjected at the time of preservation (mainly oxidative stress). There is little published information on the subject for non-Saccharomyces yeast, but it is a fundamental point to consider when designing a preservation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Casas-Godoy
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, National Council for Science and Technology-Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Melchor Arellano-Plaza
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Manuel Kirchmayr
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Iliana Barrera-Martínez
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, National Council for Science and Technology-Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Anne Gschaedler-Mathis
- Industrial Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, Zapopan, Mexico
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Mukherjee A, Verma JP, Gaurav AK, Chouhan GK, Patel JS, Hesham AEL. Yeast a potential bio-agent: future for plant growth and postharvest disease management for sustainable agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1497-1510. [PMID: 31915901 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The native microbial flora and fauna are replaced by commercial chemical fertilizers and pesticides, in the current agricultural system. Imbalance of beneficial microbial diversity and natural competitors increases the severity of plant diseases. Hence, sustainable agricultural practices like bio-inoculant, stress tolerant consortium, crop rotation and mix cropping sequences is only the solution of recharging the microbial population in soils to make healthier for crop productivity and suppression of soil borne phytopathogen. Microorganisms use several direct mechanism activities, e.g. production of plant hormones (indole-3-acetic acid), ammonium, siderophore and nutrient solubilization, and indirect mechanism activities, e.g. hydrogen cyanide, chitinase, protease and antibiotic for plant growth promotion. The plant growth-promoting effect of bacteria, fungi, mycorrhizal fungi and algae is widely explored. Yeast is a single-celled microbe classified as members of the kingdom fungi. Yeast and their product use in the food industry, medical science and biotechnological research purpose but very few literatures reported that yeasts have the ability to produce a group of plant growth-promoting activities and biocontrolling activity. Therefore, the main aim of this mini review is to highlight the application of yeasts as biological agents in different sectors of sustainable farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Mukherjee
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Anand Kumar Gaurav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jai Singh Patel
- Department of Plant Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University Nova Scotia, 6299 South St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Abd El-Latif Hesham
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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High-affinity transport, cyanide-resistant respiration, and ethanol production under aerobiosis underlying efficient high glycerol consumption by Wickerhamomyces anomalus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:709-723. [PMID: 30680472 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wickerhamomyces anomalus strain LBCM1105 was originally isolated from the wort of cachaça (the Brazilian fermented sugarcane juice-derived Brazilian spirit) and has been shown to grow exceptionally well at high amounts of glycerol. This paramount residue from the biodiesel industry is a promising cheap carbon source for yeast biotechnology. The assessment of the physiological traits underlying the W. anomalus glycerol consumption ability in opposition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. A new WaStl1 concentrative glycerol-H+ symporter with twice the affinity of S. cerevisiae was identified. As in this yeast, WaSTL1 is repressed by glucose and derepressed/induced by glycerol but much more highly expressed. Moreover, LBCM1105 aerobically growing on glycerol was found to produce ethanol, providing a redox escape to compensate the redox imbalance at the level of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) and glycerol 3P shuttle. This work is critical for understanding the utilization of glycerol by non-Saccharomyces yeasts being indispensable to consider their industrial application feeding on biodiesel residue.
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Lobo CB, Juárez Tomás MS, Viruel E, Ferrero MA, Lucca ME. Development of low-cost formulations of plant growth-promoting bacteria to be used as inoculants in beneficial agricultural technologies. Microbiol Res 2018; 219:12-25. [PMID: 30642462 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the main macronutrients for plant development. Despite its large deposits in soils, it is scarcely available for plants. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, belonging to the group of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are capable of mobilizing deposits of insoluble phosphates in the soil. The use of PGPR as inoculants provides an environmentally sustainable approach to increase crop production. The effectiveness of inoculants depends on their proper production, formulation and storage in order to ensure the application of the required number of viable microbial cells. In order to develop inexpensive technology, low-cost compounds for biomass production and protection should be used. After the biomass production process, the product should be formulated in a liquid or a solid form, taking into account required storage time, use of protectors/carriers, storage conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.), ease of application and maintenance of beneficial effects on crops. Careful determination of these optimal conditions would ensure a low-cost efficient inoculant that would promote the growth and yield of various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Belén Lobo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Silvina Juárez Tomás
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Emilce Viruel
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Leales, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Alejandra Ferrero
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina; Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - María Ester Lucca
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI)-CONICET, Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina; Microbiología Superior, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Dukare AS, Paul S, Nambi VE, Gupta RK, Singh R, Sharma K, Vishwakarma RK. Exploitation of microbial antagonists for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1498-1513. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1417235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Shridhar Dukare
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Sangeeta Paul
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Eyarkai Nambi
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Kishore Gupta
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR - Agricultural Technology Application Research Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kalyani Sharma
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- ICAR - Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana/Abohar, Punjab, India
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Leyva Salas M, Mounier J, Valence F, Coton M, Thierry A, Coton E. Antifungal Microbial Agents for Food Biopreservation-A Review. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5030037. [PMID: 28698479 PMCID: PMC5620628 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food spoilage is a major issue for the food industry, leading to food waste, substantial economic losses for manufacturers and consumers, and a negative impact on brand names. Among causes, fungal contamination can be encountered at various stages of the food chain (e.g., post-harvest, during processing or storage). Fungal development leads to food sensory defects varying from visual deterioration to noticeable odor, flavor, or texture changes but can also have negative health impacts via mycotoxin production by some molds. In order to avoid microbial spoilage and thus extend product shelf life, different treatments—including fungicides and chemical preservatives—are used. In parallel, public authorities encourage the food industry to limit the use of these chemical compounds and develop natural methods for food preservation. This is accompanied by a strong societal demand for ‘clean label’ food products, as consumers are looking for more natural, less severely processed and safer products. In this context, microbial agents corresponding to bioprotective cultures, fermentates, culture-free supernatant or purified molecules, exhibiting antifungal activities represent a growing interest as an alternative to chemical preservation. This review presents the main fungal spoilers encountered in food products, the antifungal microorganisms tested for food bioprotection, and their mechanisms of action. A focus is made in particular on the recent in situ studies and the constraints associated with the use of antifungal microbial agents for food biopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Leyva Salas
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM EA3882), Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
- UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jérôme Mounier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM EA3882), Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Florence Valence
- UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Monika Coton
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM EA3882), Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Anne Thierry
- UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Coton
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM EA3882), Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Bautista Silva JP, Barbosa Barbosa HDJ, Uribe Vélez D. Prototipo de formulación a base de Rhodotorula mucilaginosa para el control de Botrytis cinerea en Rosas. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v18n2.55826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Los sistemas productivos de Rosas de corte para exportación poseen retos importantes debido a la presencia de diversos agentes fitopatógenos, siendo Botrytis cinerea uno de los más relevantes debido a su persistencia y número de hospederos alternativos. Los mercados internacionales son muy exigentes en el manejo ambientalmente sostenible de los cultivos, por lo que se ha hecho presión para la implementación de estrategias de control biológico de enfermedades. La levadura filosferica Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Lv20) con potencial biocontrolador contra B. cinérea, fue empleada en este estudio con el objeto de generar un prototipo de formulación en base sólida con el fin de lograr una estabilidad de la actividad y viabilidad celular a través del tiempo. El empleo de mezclas de polímeros sintéticos y de origen natural permitió mantener la viabilidad de esta cepa durante 90 días a unos niveles de 1,90x109 células.mL-1 a una temperatura de 25°C en una formulación líquida. Así mismo, el prototipo de formulación, empleando manitol como agente nucleador en una formulación sólida de tipo granulada, logró una viabilidad celular de 1.2x108 células.gr-1 a los 90 días de almacenamiento a 4°C, logrando mantener una actividad biocontroladora igual a la cepa fresca sin formular o recién formulada. Estos resultados obtenidos permiten sugerir que los prototipos de formulación empleando como principio activo la levadura R. mucilaginosa, son una alternativa promisoria para el control de B. cinerea en la post cosecha de rosas variedad véndela.Palabras clave: levaduras, moho gris, formulación sólida, biopolimeros, control biológico, postcosecha.
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Sui Y, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Liu J. Responses of yeast biocontrol agents to environmental stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2968-75. [PMID: 25710368 PMCID: PMC4393439 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04203-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control of postharvest diseases, utilizing wild species and strains of antagonistic yeast species, is a research topic that has received considerable attention in the literature over the past 30 years. In principle, it represents a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for the management of postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains. A yeast-based biocontrol system is composed of a tritrophic interaction between a host (commodity), a pathogen, and a yeast species, all of which are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and UV light as well as osmotic and oxidative stresses. Additionally, during the production process, biocontrol agents encounter various severe abiotic stresses that also impact their viability. Therefore, understanding the ecological fitness of the potential yeast biocontrol agents and developing strategies to enhance their stress tolerance are essential to their efficacy and commercial application. The current review provides an overview of the responses of antagonistic yeast species to various environmental stresses, the methods that can be used to improve stress tolerance and efficacy, and the related mechanisms associated with improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sui
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samir Droby
- Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Liu J, Sui Y, Wisniewski M, Droby S, Liu Y. Review: Utilization of antagonistic yeasts to manage postharvest fungal diseases of fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Svanström A, Melin P. Intracellular trehalase activity is required for development, germination and heat-stress resistance of Aspergillus niger conidia. Res Microbiol 2012; 164:91-9. [PMID: 23116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose is known as a stress protectant in several kinds of organisms, including fungi, where it is a major carbohydrate in resting structures, e.g. asexual conidia. The gene encoding the enzyme responsible for degradation of intracellular trehalose, treB, was deleted and the phenotype was analyzed in terms of morphology, trehalose content during conidial outgrowth and stress tolerance. The mutant conidiophores produced fewer and less viable spores, and during early stages of germination the internal levels of trehalose were higher compared to the wild type. When subjecting the mutant to various stresses (weak acid and salt), no increased sensitivity could be observed, but in line with previous observations, e.g. in Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger ΔtreB spores in a very early stage of germination were less sensitive to heat stress. In contrast, when subjecting resting spores to 55 °C, an intact treB gene was essential for survival. This finding suggests that trehalose mobilization is required to facilitate cell recovery after heat-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Svanström
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Huo Z, Zhang N, Xu Z, Li S, Zhang Q, Qiu M, Yong X, Huang Q, Zhang R, Shen QR. Optimization of survival and spore formation of Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21 during bioorganic fertilizer storage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 108:190-195. [PMID: 22264433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of storage temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C), inoculum type (pure spores, an equal mix of spores and vegetative cells and pure vegetative cells) and water content (20%, 30% and 40%) on the survival and spore formation of the biocontrol agent, Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21, in a bioorganic fertilizer were modeled in a 3×3×3 factorial design. Bacterial and spore populations were monitored by plate count and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Temperature significantly affected survival of inoculants after storage for 60 days. Populations were 1.48 (plate counting) or 1.71 (FISH) times greater when stored at 20 °C compared to 40 °C. Inoculation of the fertilizer with pure spores led to the highest spore formation percentage (67.6% for plate counting, 94.2% for FISH). This study provides useful information for preservation of bioorganic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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[The effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of biopesticides based on two Colombian isolates of Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 and Trichoderma asperellum Th034]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2011; 29:150-6. [PMID: 22116019 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four biopesticide prototypes formulated as dispersible granules and dry powders based on 2 Colombian isolates of Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003) and T. asperellum (Th034) were developed. These microorganisms have antagonist activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani with a reduction in incidence of between 70 and 100% in tomato crops and potato crops, respectively. AIM To determine the effect of the formulation on the shelf-life of 4 biopesticides based on T. koningiopsis Th003 and Trichoderma asperellum Th034 at 3 different temperatures. METHODS The formulation effect was determined by evaluating the germination of unformulated and formulated conidia (dispersible granules and dry powder) stored at 8, 18 and 28°C for 18 months. Germination kinetics were used to estimate the shelf-life by using different mathematical models (zero order, first order, second order, Higuchi model, Korsmeyer-Peppas model and polynomial model). RESULTS The products showed high stability of the conidia germination when they were stored at 8 and 18° C, with shelf-lives of 14.4 and 13.9 months for dry powder based on Th003, and 12.0 and 10.8 months for dry powder based on Th034, respectively. Prototypes formulated as dispersible granules stored at the same temperatures (8 and 18°C) showed lower shelf-lives, with values of 11.6 and 10.9 months for the Th003 product, and 10.7 and 7.2 months for the dispersible granules based on Th034. Significant reductions in germination were observed on unformulated conidia at all storage temperatures evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The formulation type affected the conidia stability of the 2 Trichoderma spp. Colombian isolates. Dry powder was the prototype with the highest stability and shelf-life at all temperatures evaluated.
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Nopcharoenkul W, Pinphanichakarn P, Pinyakong O. The development of a liquid formulation of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. RN402 and its application in the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:36-47. [PMID: 21518158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a liquid formulation of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. RN402 for prolonged storage and maintaining high survival rates and pyrene biodegradability. METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid formulations of RN402, designated as L-RN402, were prepared by suspending bacterial cells (10⁹ CFU ml⁻¹) in various buffers. Analysis found that phosphate buffer containing glycerol maintained high survival rate (94%) as well as pyrene biodegradability of bacteria after a 30-day storage. This L-RN402 could be stored at 30°C for at least 6 months. Bioaugmentation treatment with stored L-RN402 resulted in the complete degradation of pyrene (300 mg kg⁻¹) in soil microcosms within 4 weeks. RN402 could be detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis throughout the period; moreover, real-time PCR indicated the presence of high number of nidA-containing bacteria. CONCLUSIONS A liquid formulation of RN402, an effective pyrene degrader, was developed by suspending RN402 in phosphate buffer containing 1% glycerol. This formulation could be stored at 30°C for at least 6 months and maintain high efficacy in the treatment of pyrene-contaminated soil. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work is the first description of a liquid formulation of pyrene-degrading bacteria for prolonged storage that retains biological activity for the treatment of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nopcharoenkul
- Inter-department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Melin P, Schnürer J, Håkansson S. Formulation and stabilisation of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:107-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Walker GM. Pichia anomala: cell physiology and biotechnology relative to other yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:25-34. [PMID: 20706871 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pichia anomala is a most interesting yeast species, from a number of environmental, industrial and medical aspects. This yeast has been isolated from very diverse natural habitats (e.g. in foods, insects, wastewaters etc.) and it also exhibits wide metabolic and physiological diversity. Some of the activities of P. anomala, particularly its antimicrobial action, make it a very attractive organism for biological control applications in the agri-food sectors of industry. Being a 'robust' organism, it additionally has potential to be exploited in bioremediation of environmental pollutants. This paper provides an overview of cell physiological characteristics (growth, metabolism, stress responses) and biotechnological potential (e.g. as a novel biocontrol agent) of P. anomala and compares such properties with other yeast species, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which remains the most exploited industrial microorganism. We await further basic knowledge of P. anomala cell physiology and genetics prior to its fuller commercial exploitation, but the exciting biotechnological potential of this yeast is highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme M Walker
- Yeast Research Group, School of Contemporary Sciences, University of Abertay Dundee, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK.
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Díaz M, Herrero M, García LA, Quirós C. Application of flow cytometry to industrial microbial bioprocesses. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dual Fluorochrome Flow Cytometric Assessment of Yeast Viability. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:57-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Melin P, Sundh I, Håkansson S, Schnürer J. Biological preservation of plant derived animal feed with antifungal microorganisms: safety and formulation aspects. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1147-54. [PMID: 17479224 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During storage of moist animal feed, growth of detrimental fungi causing spoilage, or being mycotoxigenic or pathogenic, is a severe problem. Addition of biopreservative yeasts or lactic acid bacteria can significantly reduce this problem. However, their use requires several careful considerations. One is the safety to the animal, humans and the environment, tightly connected to legal aspects and the need for pre-market authorisation when supplementing feed with microorganisms. Although both yeasts and lactic acid bacteria are considered comparatively safe organisms due to low production of toxic metabolites, it is of great importance to understand the mechanisms behind the biopreservative abilities. Another important issue concerns practical aspects, such as the economic production of large amounts of the organisms and the development of a suitable formulation giving the organisms a long shelf life. These aspects are discussed and a recommendation of this review is that both safety and formulation aspects of a specific microbe should be considered at an early stage in the selection of new organisms with biopreservation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Melin
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden.
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Melin P, Håkansson S, Schnürer J. Optimisation and comparison of liquid and dry formulations of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:1008-16. [PMID: 16933132 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 can effectively reduce mould growth on moist cereal grains during airtight storage. Practical use of microorganisms requires formulated products that meet a number of criteria. In this study we compared different formulations of P. anomala. The best way to formulate P. anomala was freeze-drying. The initial viability was as high as 80%, with trehalose previously added to the yeast. Freeze-dried products could be stored at temperatures as high as 30 degrees C for a year, with only a minor decrease in viability. Vacuum-drying also resulted in products with high storage potential, but the products were not as easily rehydrated as freeze-dried samples. Upon desiccating the cells using fluidised-bed drying or as liquid formulations, a storage temperature of 10 degrees C was required to maintain viability. Dependent on the type of formulation, harvesting of cells at different nutritional stresses affected the initial viabilities, e.g. the initial viability for fluidised-bed-dried cells was higher when the culture was fed with excess glucose, but for freeze-drying it was superior when cells were harvested after depletion of carbon. Using micro-silos we found that the biocontrol activity remained intact after drying, storage and rehydration for all formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Melin
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7027, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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