1
|
Ahmad CA, Akhter A, Haider MS, Abbas MT, Hashem A, Avila-Quezada GD, Abd_Allah EF. Demonstration of the synergistic effect of biochar and Trichoderma harzianum on the development of Ralstonia solanacearum in eggplant. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360703. [PMID: 38725679 PMCID: PMC11079429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil degradation has been accelerated by the use of chemical pesticides and poor agricultural practices, which has had an impact on crop productivity. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the use of eco-friendly biochar applications to enhance soil quality and sequester carbon in sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to determine the individual and combined effects of Leaf Waste Biochar (LWB) and the bio-control agent Trichoderma harzianum (BCA) on the development of bacterial wilt in eggplants (Solanum melongena) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (RS). The effects of LWB and BCA on eggplant physiology and defense-related biochemistry were comprehensively examined. Inoculated (+RS) and un-inoculated (-RS) eggplants were grown in potting mixtures containing 3% and 6% (v/v) LWB, both with and without BCA. The percentage disease index was considerably reduced (90%) in plants grown in the 6% LWB+ BCA amended treatments. Moreover, the plants grown in LWB and inoculated with BCA had higher phenolics, flavonoids and peroxidase contents compared to the non-amended control. The level of NPK was significantly increased (92.74% N, 76.47% P, 53.73% K) in the eggplants cultivated in the 6% LWB + BCA composition. This study has shown that the association of T. harzianum with biochar improved plant growth and reduced R. solanacearum induced wilt. Furthermore, the combined impact of biochar and T. harzianum was greater in terms of wilt suppression and increase in plant physiological measurements when the biochar concentration was 6%. Biochar and bio-control agents triggered biochemical alterations, thus enhancing the management of disease-infested soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaudhry Ali Ahmad
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Akhter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Haider
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taqqi Abbas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:604923. [PMID: 33330142 PMCID: PMC7734056 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasun M Thambugala
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinushani A Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sagarika D Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamberg L, Saarinen VM, Rantala M, Hantula J, Seiskari P, Saksa T. Rainstorm effects on the biocontrol efficacy of the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum against birch sprouting in boreal forests. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5107-5117. [PMID: 32242263 PMCID: PMC7228963 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In forest regeneration areas, alongside roads and railways, under electric power lines and above gas pipe lines, there is a need for regular sprout control. A biocontrol method against broadleaved sprouting with formulations including the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar has been shown to be effective. Yet, heavy rain during spreading of this fungal inoculum on freshly cut stumps may affect the efficacy of the treatment, i.e., stump mortality during the following years. Thus, we performed an experiment where freshly cut birch stump surfaces (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were treated with fungal inoculum under heavy irrigation and without it. Furthermore, two different adjuvants which aimed to fix the fungal inoculum to freshly cut stumps during irrigation and to protect against solar radiation were tested. Our results revealed that the artificial rainstorm treatment caused a delay in the efficacy of C. purpureum, but after three growing seasons, there was no significant difference in the mortality of birch stumps treated under irrigation or without it (stump mortalities 74 and 86%, respectively). Adjuvants did not improve the efficacy in stumps treated under irrigation nor in those treated without irrigation. Key Points • Heavy rain delayed the sprout control efficacy of a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum. • Final efficacy of formulations was the same in wet and dry conditions. • No additional adjuvants are needed to improve formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hamberg
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veli-Matti Saarinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Juntintie 154, FI-77600, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Markku Rantala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hantula
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Seiskari
- Verdera Ltd, P.O. Box 5, Kurjenkellontie 5 B, FI-02270, Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Saksa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Juntintie 154, FI-77600, Suonenjoki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meyer JB, Chalmandrier L, Fässler F, Schefer C, Rigling D, Prospero S. Role of Fresh Dead Wood in the Epidemiology and the Biological Control of the Chestnut Blight Fungus. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:430-438. [PMID: 30632896 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0796-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The invasive fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, is able to survive and sporulate on the bark of fresh dead Castanea sativa wood for at least 2 years. Here, we experimentally investigated the role of fresh dead wood in the epidemiology of chestnut blight, specifically in the spread of the hyperparasitic virus Cryphonectria hypovirus 1, which acts as biocontrol agent of C. parasitica. A total of 152 artificially initiated, virulent bark cankers in four chestnut stands were treated with virus-infected asexual spores originating either from sporulating dead wood or from a spore suspension. Molecular markers for both the virus and the fungal carrier were used to examine the spread of the applied biocontrol virus. Fourteen months after treatment, 42 to 76% of the conidial spray-treated cankers and 50 to 60% of the cankers exposed to a sporulating dead stem had been virus infected by the applied hypovirulent conidia in all four study sites. Virus infection reduced canker expansion and promoted canker healing (callusing). Thus, fresh chestnut dead wood may play an important role in supporting the successful spread of natural hypovirulence in chestnut forests. Further, combined with the application of virus-infected conidial suspensions, it may help promote the establishment of artificially released hypoviruses in chestnut stands to control chestnut blight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Beatrice Meyer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Chalmandrier
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; and Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071-2000, U.S.A
| | - Fabio Fässler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Schefer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rigling
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Calvo-Garrido C, Roudet J, Aveline N, Davidou L, Dupin S, Fermaud M. Microbial Antagonism Toward Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes in Multiple Field Tests Using One Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain and Formulated Biological Control Products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:105. [PMID: 30804972 PMCID: PMC6378282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, is a major disease of wine and table grapes worldwide. Due to negative effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, alternative control strategies against BBR, such as biological control agents (BCAs), are required to produce high-quality grapes and wines with high standards of food safety. However, few biological control products against BBR are available, and their efficacy is sometimes variable. This study aimed to evaluate and compare (1) the efficacy of new bacterial BCA strains developed at INRA Bordeaux and (2) the BBR reductions achieved by commercial biocontrol products that are already registered or close to being registered. During three consecutive seasons, 10 field experiments were established in six different experimental vineyards in southwestern France. Spray applications were performed at key phenological stages (five or six during the season), or at high BBR-risk periods late in the season according to a Disease Risk Index model. At harvest, BBR incidence and severity (% of symptomatic berries per bunch) were visually determined. The experiments included four bacterial strains at an early experimental stage, particularly Bacillus ginsengihumi (S38). Nine commercial BCA products were also tested, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aureobasidium pullulans, Ulocladium oudemansii, and Candida sake. Among the four experimental bacterial strains, only B. ginsengihumi S38 significantly controlled the BBR, presenting reductions in the average severity ranging from 35 to 60%, compared to untreated control, throughout the three seasons. Several commercial BCAs achieved significant reductions in BBR severity ranging from 21 to 58%, although not in every trial. The treatments that achieved higher reductions in severity rates were based on C. sake (45%), B. subtilis (54%), and B. amyloliquefaciens (58%). The efficacy of those BCAs was consistent throughout the studied seasons. The results confirmed the suitability of several biological control products under the conditions in vineyards in southwestern France, while also highlighting the good performance of the novel experimental BCA B. ginsengihumi S38 strain, which achieved similar control rates to the products registered for commercial use. The major factors involved in the variability in the results are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Calvo-Garrido
- SAVE, INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISVV 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean Roudet
- SAVE, INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISVV 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Aveline
- Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin–Vinopôle Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Blanquefort, France
| | - Ludivine Davidou
- Chambre d'Agriculture de la Gironde (CA33)–Service Vigne et Vin. CS 20115, Blanquefort, France
| | - Sévérine Dupin
- Chambre d'Agriculture de la Gironde (CA33)–Service Vigne et Vin. CS 20115, Blanquefort, France
| | - Marc Fermaud
- SAVE, INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISVV 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- *Correspondence: Marc Fermaud
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fluidised-bed spray-drying formulations of Candida sake CPA-1 by adding biodegradable coatings to enhance their survival under stress conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:7865-7876. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
7
|
Identification and Characterisation of New Microbial Antagonists for Biocontrol of Monilinia laxa, the Causal Agent of Brown Rot on Stone Fruit. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|