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Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. A Review on the Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins (Extrinsic Chaperones) in Response to Stress Conditions in Aquatic Organisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1444. [PMID: 37507982 PMCID: PMC10376781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) encompass both extrinsic chaperones and stress proteins. These proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 120 kDa, are conserved across all living organisms and are expressed in response to stress. The upregulation of specific genes triggers the synthesis of HSPs, facilitated by the interaction between heat shock factors and gene promoter regions. Notably, HSPs function as chaperones or helper molecules in various cellular processes involving lipids and proteins, and their upregulation is not limited to heat-induced stress but also occurs in response to anoxia, acidosis, hypoxia, toxins, ischemia, protein breakdown, and microbial infection. HSPs play a vital role in regulating protein synthesis in cells. They assist in the folding and assembly of other cellular proteins, primarily through HSP families such as HSP70 and HSP90. Additionally, the process of the folding, translocation, and aggregation of proteins is governed by the dynamic partitioning facilitated by HSPs throughout the cell. Beyond their involvement in protein metabolism, HSPs also exert a significant influence on apoptosis, the immune system, and various characteristics of inflammation. The immunity of aquatic organisms, including shrimp, fish, and shellfish, relies heavily on the development of inflammation, as well as non-specific and specific immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. Recent advancements in aquatic research have demonstrated that the HSP levels in populations of fish, shrimp, and shellfish can be increased through non-traumatic means such as water or oral administration of HSP stimulants, exogenous HSPs, and heat induction. These methods have proven useful in reducing physical stress and trauma, while also facilitating sustainable husbandry practices such as vaccination and transportation, thereby offering health benefits. Hence, the present review discusses the importance of HSPs in different tissues in aquatic organisms (fish, shrimp), and their expression levels during pathogen invasion; this gives new insights into the significance of HSPs in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
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Pham TH, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. Protective efficacy of four heat-shock proteins as recombinant vaccines against photobacteriosis in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:179-188. [PMID: 33556554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is the causative agent of photobacteriosis in marine fish and is responsible for huge losses to marine aquaculture worldwide. Efforts have been made to develop a vaccine against this disease. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are ubiquitous in cellular life. Bacteria produce elevated levels of HSPs as a survival strategy when exposed to stressful environments in a host during infection. This group of proteins are also important antigens that can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, four HSPs of Phdp, HSP90, HSP33, HSP70, and DnaJ, were selected for cloning and recombinant expression. Western blotting with rabbit anti-Phdp helped identify rHSP70 and rHSP33 as immunogenic proteins. Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) immunised with rHSP90, rHSP33, rHSP70, and rDnaJ showed 48.28%, 62.07%, 51.72%, and 31.03% relative percent survival, respectively, after being challenged with Phdp strain AOD105021. High expression levels of immune-related genes and high antibody titres were observed in the rHSP33 group, and the sera of this group also exhibited a high level of bactericidal activity against Phdp. Collectively, our results suggest that HSP33 is a potential candidate for vaccine development against Phdp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Lange MD, Abernathy J, Farmer BD. Evaluation of a Recombinant Flavobacterium columnare DnaK Protein Vaccine as a Means of Protection Against Columnaris Disease in Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Front Immunol 2019; 10:1175. [PMID: 31244827 PMCID: PMC6562308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare causes substantial losses among cultured finfish species. The Gram-negative bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that manifests as biofilms on the host's mucosal surfaces as the disease progresses. We previously demonstrated that the dominant mucosal IgM antibody response to F. columnare is to the chaperone protein DnaK that is found in the extracellular fraction. To establish the efficacy of using recombinant protein technology to develop a new vaccine against columnaris disease, we are reporting on two consecutive years of vaccine trials using a recombinant F. columnare DnaK protein (rDnaK). In year one, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were immunized by bath immersion with a live attenuated F. columnare isolate, rDnaK or sham immunized. After 6 weeks, an F. columnare laboratory challenge showed a significant increase in survival (>30%) in both the live attenuated and rDnaK vaccines when compared to the non-immunized control. A rDnaK-specific ELISA revealed significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. In the second year, three groups of channel catfish (n = 300) were bath immunized with rDnaK alone or with rDnaK after a brief osmotic shock or sham immunized. After 6 weeks a laboratory challenge with F. columnare was conducted and showed a significant increase in survival in the rDnaK (> 25%) and in rDnaK with osmotic shock (>35%) groups when compared to the non-immunized control. The rDnaK-specific ELISA demonstrated significant levels of mucosal IgM antibodies in the skin of catfish groups immunized with rDnaK at 4- and 6-weeks post immunization. To further understand the processes which have conferred immune protection in the rDnaK group, we conducted RNA sequencing of skin samples from the non-immunized (n = 6) and rDnaK treated channel catfish at 1-week (n = 6) and 6 weeks (n = 6) post immunization. Significantly altered gene expression was identified and results will be discussed. Work to further enhance the catfish immune response to F. columnare rDnaK is underway as this protein remains a promising candidate for additional optimization and experimental trials in a production setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Jason Abernathy
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
| | - Bradley D Farmer
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Stuttgart, AR, United States
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Wang E, Liu T, Wu J, Wang K, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Lai W, Ai X. Molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis and adjuvant effect of channel catfish interleukin-1βs against Streptococcus iniae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:155-165. [PMID: 30630049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish is one of the most extensively cultured species worldwide, which is widely used as a classical model for comparative immunology. Interleukin-1β (IL1β) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with the potential to enhance the immune response induced by vaccines in many animals. To characterize the molecular characterization and identify the immunoadjuvant role of channel catfish IL1β, molecular cloning, phylogenetic analysis, and expression of two IL1β genes were performed, the bioactivity of their recombinant proteins (rIL1β1 and rIL1β2) were detected in vitro and their adjuvant effects on a subunit vaccine encoding C5a peptidase (pSCPI) of Streptococcus iniae were evaluated. The results indicated that two IL1βs remained highly conserved possessing five conserved motifs compared with other fish IL1βs, although there were 28 nucleotide differences and 16 amino acid differences between channel catfish IL1β1 and IL1β2. Analysis of the ratios of nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) substitutions revealed that fish IL1β genes were subjected to negative/purifying selection with global dN/dS ratios value 0.425. The results of adjuvant effect showed that compared with injection of pSCPI alone, co-injecting pSCPI with both rIL1β1 and rIL1β2 significantly enhanced antibody levels, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme activity, alternative complement hemolytic activity, and the expression of endogenous IL1β and TNF-α in head kidney and spleen. Although vaccination with rIL1β1 or rIL1β2 failed to offer immunoprotection against S. iniae infection, the RPS (relative percent survival) of pSCPI+rIL1β1 and pSCPI+rIL1β2 groups were both higher than pSCPI alone (RPS, 50%), with 64.26% and 60.71%, respectively. Moreover, pSCPI+rIL1β1+rIL1β2 offered significantly higher (P < 0.05) immunoprotection (RPS, 75%) against S. iniae infection than pSCPI alone. Our present results not only enrich the molecular structure study of fish IL1βs but also signify that two recombinant channel catfish IL1βs can be used as potential adjuvants in a subunit vaccine model against bacterial infection, which are of profound importance to prevent and control bacterial disease in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Fraslin C, Dechamp N, Bernard M, Krieg F, Hervet C, Guyomard R, Esquerré D, Barbieri J, Kuchly C, Duchaud E, Boudinot P, Rochat T, Bernardet JF, Quillet E. Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout: effect of the mode of infection and evidence of epistatic interactions. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:60. [PMID: 30445909 PMCID: PMC6240304 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial cold-water disease, which is caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, is one of the major diseases that affect rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a primary concern for trout farming. Better knowledge of the genetic basis of resistance to F. psychrophilum would help to implement this trait in selection schemes and to investigate the immune mechanisms associated with resistance. Various studies have revealed that skin and mucus may contribute to response to infection. However, previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies were conducted by using injection as the route of infection. Immersion challenge, which is assumed to mimic natural infection by F. psychrophilum more closely, may reveal different defence mechanisms. Results Two isogenic lines of rainbow trout with contrasting susceptibilities to F. psychrophilum were crossed to produce doubled haploid F2 progeny. Fish were infected with F. psychrophilum either by intramuscular injection (115 individuals) or by immersion (195 individuals), and genotyped for 9654 markers using RAD-sequencing. Fifteen QTL associated with resistance traits were detected and only three QTL were common between the injection and immersion. Using a model that accounted for epistatic interactions between QTL, two main types of interactions were revealed. A “compensation-like” effect was detected between several pairs of QTL for the two modes of infection. An “enhancing-like” interaction effect was detected between four pairs of QTL. Integration of the QTL results with results of a previous transcriptomic analysis of response to F. psychrophilum infection resulted in a list of potential candidate immune genes that belong to four relevant functional categories (bacterial sensors, effectors of antibacterial immunity, inflammatory factors and interferon-stimulated genes). Conclusions These results provide new insights into the genetic determinism of rainbow trout resistance to F. psychrophilum and confirm that some QTL with large effects are involved in this trait. For the first time, the role of epistatic interactions between resistance-associated QTL was evidenced. We found that the infection protocol used had an effect on the modulation of defence mechanisms and also identified relevant immune functional candidate genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-018-0431-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Fraslin
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,SYSAAF Section Aquacole, Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Dechamp
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maria Bernard
- GABI, SIGENAE, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Francine Krieg
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Caroline Hervet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, Université Bretagne Loire, 44307, Nantes, France
| | - René Guyomard
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerré
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA US1426, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Johanna Barbieri
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA US1426, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Claire Kuchly
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, INRA US1426, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tatiana Rochat
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-François Bernardet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Genetically influenced resistance to stress and disease in salmonids in relation to present-day breeding practice - a short review. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While intensive fish production has many advantages, it also has a number of drawbacks as regards disease and stress. To date, there has been no conclusive review of disease resistance at Czech fish farms. The aim of the study was to describe briefly the existing salmonid breeding practice in the Czech Republic and to point out the trends and new possibilities gaining ground around Europe. However, the present situation in the Czech stocks is not rare at all and therefore it is used here as a model example representing numerous breeding practices in Europe. Stress and disease resistance in fish is polygenic and quantitative, making selection for such traits difficult. In recent years, however, fish breeding methods have developed rapidly, with the use of genetic analysis tools, for example, now allowing much greater selection accuracy. Gradual progress in understanding the importance of individual genetic markers offers many new options that can be utilised in breeding practice. New selection methods, such as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genomic selection, are increasingly employed in European aquaculture. Next generation sequencing techniques now help in the finding of new and promising QTLs that can be used in assisted selection. This review maps the current progress in improving salmonid resistance to stress and disease in aquaculture and at the same time provides the breeders with a short overview of the latest tools of genetically controlled breeding and of the newest products available at the European market.
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Duchaud E, Rochat T, Habib C, Barbier P, Loux V, Guérin C, Dalsgaard I, Madsen L, Nilsen H, Sundell K, Wiklund T, Strepparava N, Wahli T, Caburlotto G, Manfrin A, Wiens GD, Fujiwara-Nagata E, Avendaño-Herrera R, Bernardet JF, Nicolas P. Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:138. [PMID: 29467746 PMCID: PMC5808330 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold-water disease in salmonid fish, is currently one of the main bacterial pathogens hampering the productivity of salmonid farming worldwide. In this study, the genomic diversity of the F. psychrophilum species is analyzed using a set of 41 genomes, including 30 newly sequenced isolates. These were selected on the basis of available MLST data with the two-fold objective of maximizing the coverage of the species diversity and of allowing a focus on the main clonal complex (CC-ST10) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) worldwide. The results reveal a bacterial species harboring a limited genomic diversity both in terms of nucleotide diversity, with ~0.3% nucleotide divergence inside CDSs in pairwise genome comparisons, and in terms of gene repertoire, with the core genome accounting for ~80% of the genes in each genome. The pan-genome seems nevertheless “open” according to the scaling exponent of a power-law fitted on the rate of new gene discovery when genomes are added one-by-one. Recombination is a key component of the evolutionary process of the species as seen in the high level of apparent homoplasy in the core genome. Using a Hidden Markov Model to delineate recombination tracts in pairs of closely related genomes, the average recombination tract length was estimated to ~4.0 Kbp and the typical ratio of the contributions of recombination and mutations to nucleotide-level differentiation (r/m) was estimated to ~13. Within CC-ST10, evolutionary distances computed on non-recombined regions and comparisons between 22 isolates sampled up to 27 years apart suggest a most recent common ancestor in the second half of the nineteenth century in North America with subsequent diversification and transmission of this clonal complex coinciding with the worldwide expansion of rainbow trout farming. With the goal to promote the development of tools for the genetic manipulation of F. psychrophilum, a particular attention was also paid to plasmids. Their extraction and sequencing to completion revealed plasmid diversity that remained hidden to classical plasmid profiling due to size similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Duchaud
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tatiana Rochat
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Habib
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Paul Barbier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cyprien Guérin
- Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- Section for Bacteriology and Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Madsen
- Section for Bacteriology and Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanne Nilsen
- Department of Aquatic Animal health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krister Sundell
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tom Wiklund
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicole Strepparava
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wahli
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Greta Caburlotto
- Department of Fish Pathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Department of Fish Pathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | | | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Departamento Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Universidad Andres BelloViña del Mar, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jean-François Bernardet
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Nicolas
- Unité Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement (MaIAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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8
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Rochat T, Fujiwara-Nagata E, Calvez S, Dalsgaard I, Madsen L, Calteau A, Lunazzi A, Nicolas P, Wiklund T, Bernardet JF, Duchaud E. Genomic Characterization of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Serotypes and Development of a Multiplex PCR-Based Serotyping Scheme. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1752. [PMID: 28955320 PMCID: PMC5601056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a devastating bacterial pathogen of salmonids reared in freshwater worldwide. So far, serological diversity between isolates has been described but the underlying molecular factors remain unknown. By combining complete genome sequence analysis and the serotyping method proposed by Lorenzen and Olesen (1997) for a set of 34 strains, we identified key molecular determinants of the serotypes. This knowledge allowed us to develop a robust multiplex PCR-based serotyping scheme, which was applied to 244 bacterial isolates. The results revealed a striking association between PCR-serotype and fish host species and illustrate the use of this approach as a simple and cost-effective method for the determination of F. psychrophilum serogroups. PCR-based serotyping could be a useful tool in a range of applications such as disease surveillance, selection of salmonids for bacterial coldwater disease resistance and future vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rochat
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ségolène Calvez
- Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse du Risque, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, OnirisNantes, France
| | - Inger Dalsgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Madsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- CEA/Genoscope/LABGeM, CNRS-UMR8030, Université d'Evry - Université Paris-SaclayEvry, France
| | - Aurélie Lunazzi
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Nicolas
- Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées du Génome à l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tom Wiklund
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi UniversityTurku, Finland
| | - Jean-François Bernardet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
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9
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The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Response to Extracellular Stress in Aquatic Organisms. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73377-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Maisey K, Montero R, Christodoulides M. Vaccines for piscirickettsiosis (salmonid rickettsial septicaemia, SRS): the Chile perspective. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:215-228. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1244483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Maisey
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ruth Montero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Comparativa, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research, Molecular Microbiology, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
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11
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Lange MD, Beck BH, Brown JD, Farmer BD, Barnett LM, Webster CD. Missing the target: DNAk is a dominant epitope in the humoral immune response of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to Flavobacterium columnare. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:170-179. [PMID: 26892797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination remains a viable alternative for bacterial disease protection in fish; however additional work is required to understand the mechanisms of adaptive immunity in the channel catfish. To assess the humoral immune response to Flavobacterium columnare; a group of channel catfish were first immunized with F. columnare LV-359-01 cultured in iron-depleted media, before being challenged with wild type F. columnare LV-359-01. The immunization protocol did not confer increased protection against F. columnare; however both control and immunized responders generated serum and skin IgM antibodies against F. columnare proteins. Western blot analyses of individuals from both groups showed that IgM antibodies were generated to the same 70 kDa extracellular protein, which was identified to be the bacterial chaperonin protein DNAk. Antibodies generated were cross reactive to DNAk proteins found in other gram negative bacteria. Our data suggests that DNAk is the dominant epitope in the channel catfish B-cell response to F. columnare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA.
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - Jason D Brown
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - Bradley D Farmer
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - L Matthew Barnett
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA
| | - Carl D Webster
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR USA
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12
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Ghosh B, Nguyen TD, Crosbie PB, Nowak BF, Bridle AR. Oral vaccination of first-feeding Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., confers greater protection against yersiniosis than immersion vaccination. Vaccine 2016; 34:599-608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Plant KP, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD. Attempts at validating a recombinant Flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility protein N as a vaccine candidate in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) against bacterial cold-water disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 358:14-20. [PMID: 25053267 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavobacterium psychrophilum gliding motility N (GldN) protein was investigated to determine its ability to elicit antibody responses and provide protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). GldN was PCR-amplified, cloned into pET102/D-TOPO, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Bacteria expressing recombinant GldN (rGldN) were formalin-inactivated and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rainbow trout with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in four separate studies that used two different immunization protocols followed by challenge evaluations. Fish injected with E. coli only in FCA served as the control. Antibody responses to F. psychrophilum whole-cell lysates measured by ELISA were low in all four studies. Protection against F. psychrophilum challenge was observed in the first study, but not in the three following studies. The discrepancies in results obtained in the later studies are unclear but may relate to formalin treatment of the antigen preparations. Overall, it appeared that rGldN delivered i.p. as a crude formalin-killed preparation is not a consistent vaccine candidate, and more work is required. Additionally, this study illustrates the importance of conducting multiple in vivo evaluations on potential vaccine(s) before any conclusions are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P Plant
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID, USA
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14
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Gómez E, Méndez J, Cascales D, Guijarro JA. Flavobacterium psychrophilum vaccine development: a difficult task. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:414-23. [PMID: 25056179 PMCID: PMC4229322 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a globally distributed freshwater fish disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum. It is a particularly devastating infection in fry salmonids and may lead to high levels of mortality. In spite of its economic impact on fish farms, neither the biology of the bacterium nor the bacterium-host interactions are well understood. This review provides a synopsis of the major problems related to critical remaining questions about research into the use of vaccines against F. psychrophilum and the development of a commercial vaccine against this disease. Studies using sera from convalescent rainbow trout have shown the antigenic properties of different proteins such as OmpH, OmpA and FspA, as well as low and high molecular mass lipopolysaccharide of F. psychrophilum, which are potential candidates for subunit vaccines. Inactivated F. psychrophilum bacterins have been successfully tested as vaccines under laboratory conditions by both immersion and intraperitoneal routes. However, the efficacy and the practical usefulness of these preparations still have to be proved. The use of attenuated and wild-type strains to immunize fish showed that these systems offer high levels of protection. Nevertheless, their application clashes with the regulations for environmental protection in many countries. In conclusion, protective vaccines against BCWD are theoretically possible, but substantial efforts still have to be made in order to permit the development of a commercial vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gómez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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15
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Abstract
DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen – and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish.
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16
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Abstract
DNA vaccinations against fish viral diseases as IHNV at commercial level in Canada against VHSV at experimental level are both success stories. DNA vaccination strategies against many other viral diseases have, however, not yet yielded sufficient results in terms of protection. There is an obvious need to combat many other viral diseases within aquaculture where inactivated vaccines fail. There are many explanations to why DNA vaccine strategies against other viral diseases fail to induce protective immune responses in fish. These obstacles include: 1) too low immunogenicity of the transgene, 2) too low expression of the transgene that is supposed to induce protection, 3) suboptimal immune responses, and 4) too high degradation rate of the delivered plasmid DNA. There are also uncertainties with regard distribution and degradation of DNA vaccines that may have implications for safety and regulatory requirements that need to be clarified. By combining plasmid DNA with different kind of adjuvants one can increase the immunogenicity of the transgene antigen - and perhaps increase the vaccine efficacy. By using molecular adjuvants with or without in combination with targeting assemblies one may expect different responses compared with naked DNA. This includes targeting of DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells as a central factor in improving their potencies and efficacies by means of encapsulating the DNA vaccine in certain carriers systems that may increase transgene and MHC expression. This review will focus on DNA vaccine delivery, by the use of biodegradable PLGA particles as vehicles for plasmid DNA mainly in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roy A Dalmo
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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17
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Kato G, Sakai T, Suzuki K, Yamaguchi K, Takano T, Matsuyama T, Nakayasu C. Antigenic proteins of Flavobacterium psychrophilum recognized by ayu Plecoglossus altivelis antisera. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:103-112. [PMID: 24553416 DOI: 10.3354/dao02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis and is responsible for substantial economic losses in ayu culture in Japan. To develop effective vaccines for the disease, we identified antigenic proteins of F. psychrophilum using immunoglobulin from ayu that had recovered from BCWD. The whole protein extracted from the bacterium was separated using 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. Subsequently, antigenic proteins of the bacterium were detected using western blotting and ayu antisera against F. psychrophilum. Each protein spot showing antigenicity was subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis using a MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometer. Protein identification based on the MS/MS data was performed using the genome database for F. psychrophilum JIP02/86, and the subcellular localization for each identified protein was predicted with web-based tools (LipoP and PSORTb). In total, 62 antigenic proteins were identified: of these, 46 were putative cytoplasmic proteins (e.g. elongation factor Tu and heat shock protein 90). The remaining 21 proteins were identified as putative membrane-bound or secreted proteins and are potential vaccine candidates. These proteins include OmpA, Omp 121, M13 family metallopeptidase, and M48 family metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kato
- Tamaki Laboratory, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan
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18
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Ho LP, Chang CJ, Liu HC, Yang HL, Lin JHY. Evaluating the protective efficacy of antigen combinations against Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida infections in cobia, Rachycentron canadum L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:51-62. [PMID: 24206018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cobia, Rachycentron canadum L., is a very important aquatic fish that faces the risk of infection with the bacterial pathogen Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida, and there are few protective approaches available that use multiple antigens. In the present study, potent bivalent antigens from P. damselae ssp. piscicida showed more efficient protection than did single antigens used in isolation. In preparations of three antigens that included recombinant heat shock protein 60 (rHSP60), recombinant α-enolase (rENOLASE) and recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (rGAPDH), we analysed the doses that elicited the best immune responses and found that this occurred at a total of 30 μg of antigen per fish. Subsequently, vaccination of fish with rHSP60, rENOLASE and rGAPDH achieved 46.9, 52 and 25% relative per cent survival (RPS), respectively. In addition, bivalent subunit vaccines--combination I (rHSP60 + rENOLASE), combination II (rENOLASE + rGAPDH) and combination III (rHSP60 + rGAPDH)--were administered and the RPS in these groups (65.6, 64.0 and 48.4%, respectively), was higher than that achieved with single-antigen administration. Finally, in combination IV, the trivalent vaccine rHSP60 + rENOLASE + rGAPDH, the RPS was 1.6%. Taken together, our results suggest that combinations of two antigens may achieve a better efficiency than monovalent or trivalent antigens, and this may provide new insights into pathogen prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-P Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Long A, Fehringer TR, Swain MA, LaFrentz BR, Call DR, Cain KD. Enhanced efficacy of an attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum strain cultured under iron-limited conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1477-1482. [PMID: 23989039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An attenuated strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (CSF259-93B.17) has shown potential as a vaccine for prevention of bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Because BCWD outbreaks can result in high mortality in other salmonid species, specifically coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), the live-attenuated strain was tested as a vaccine in this species. Additionally, we hypothesized that culture of the vaccine strain under iron-limited conditions would lead to improved protection against BCWD. To test this hypothesis, coho salmon were either injection or immersion immunized with CSF259-93B.17 cultured in iron-replete or iron-limited medium. Resultant antibody titers were low and not significantly different between the two treatments regardless of vaccine delivery method (P > 0.05). Following injection challenge with a virulent F. psychrophilum strain, mortality for injection vaccinated fish was significantly reduced compared to the control but did not differ by treatment (P > 0.05). Relative percent survival (RPS) was high in both treatments (90% in iron-replete, 98% in iron-limited medium). Fish immunized by immersion with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-replete medium exhibited lower mortality (29.3%; RPS 46%) when compared to mock immunized fish, but this was not significant. However, mortality was significantly lower in fish immunized with CSF259-93B.17 grown in iron-limited medium (14.7%; RPS 73%) when compared to mock immunized fish. The results demonstrate that the live-attenuated F. psychrophilum strain can confer protection to coho salmon and vaccine efficacy is enhanced by culturing the strain under iron-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Long
- Department of Fish & Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 441136, Moscow, ID 83844-1136, USA.
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20
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Fredriksen BN, Olsen RH, Furevik A, Souhoka RA, Gauthier D, Brudeseth B. Efficacy of a divalent and a multivalent water-in-oil formulated vaccine against a highly virulent strain of Flavobacterium psychrophilum after intramuscular challenge of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vaccine 2013; 31:1994-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Oplinger RW, Wagner EJ. Control of Flavobacterium psychrophilum: tests of erythromycin, streptomycin, osmotic and thermal shocks, and rapid pH change. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2013; 25:1-8. [PMID: 23241009 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.720636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent that causes bacterial coldwater disease, has been implicated in significant reductions in the numbers of salmonids reared at fish hatcheries. In this study, we performed a series of in vitro experiments to test the effectiveness of rapid temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure changes in killing three strains of the bacterium. We also evaluated the effectiveness of antibiotics (erythromycin, streptomycin, and a penicillin-streptomycin mixture) against F. psychrophilum. The bacterium tolerated temperatures of 40-50°C for up to 30 min (when acclimated to 15°C). The bacterium can survive lower temperatures for >60 min. Although temperatures ≥55°C appeared to kill F. psychrophilum on contact, we found that eyed eggs of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were not able to survive short (<60-s) exposures at these temperatures. We found that rapid changes in pH (15-min exposures to pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) and osmotic pressure (15-min exposures to 0, 6, 8, 10, 12% sodium chloride) were not effective at killing the bacterium. Erythromycin concentrations up to 2,000 mg/L for 15 min were also ineffective. However, streptomycin concentrations ≥5,000 mg/L killed the bacterium during a 15-min exposure. The combination of penicillin and streptomycin was also effective, killing the bacterium at doses as low as 2.5 × 10(6) IU penicillin + 2,500 mg/L streptomycin. Our trials demonstrate that elevated temperatures and the combination of penicillin and streptomycin can kill F. psychrophilum under in vitro conditions. Erythromycin and rapid changes in pH and osmotic pressure are not effective at killing the bacterium.
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22
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Siekoula-Nguedia C, Blanc G, Duchaud E, Calvez S. Genetic diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from rainbow trout in France: predominance of a clonal complex. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:169-78. [PMID: 22871298 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of "bacterial cold water disease" and "rainbow trout fry syndrome" in salmonid farming worldwide. These diseases, especially rainbow trout fry syndrome, are among the main hazards for French aquaculture. In this study, a multilocus sequence typing approach (MLST) was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of this bacterium. Seven housekeeping genes in a set of 66 isolates were investigated. They were recently collected from rainbow trout during clinical episodes in French farms from the two main geographical areas of production. A total of 5808 bp of sequence were analyzed for each isolate and showed relatively low levels of gene (H=0.4313) and nucleotide (π×100=0.31%) diversities. MLST identified 15 sequence types (STs), of which 14 have never been described. eBURST analysis separated the 15 STs in one clonal complex of 8 genetically related STs (with ST2 as founder) and 7 singletons. Genetic diversity was largely due to recombination, as demonstrated by a pairwise homoplasy index (PHI=5.35×10(-9)) significantly different from zero (p<0.05). The evolution of standardized association index (I(A)(S)) (all isolates: 0.6088, p<0.05; single representative of STs: 0.4567, p<0.05; and clusters of STs: 0.084, p>0.05), showed an epidemic structure of the population. These results emphasized the expansion of a limited number of dominant genetic variants in French clinical F. psychrophilum isolates from a single host species, with no geographic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siekoula-Nguedia
- INRA, UMR1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, BP 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France
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23
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Gliniewicz K, Plant KP, LaPatra SE, LaFrentz BR, Cain K, Snekvik KR, Call DR. Comparative proteomic analysis of virulent and rifampicin-attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:529-539. [PMID: 22607560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. In this study, we compared a wild-type strain (CSF 259-93) with a rifampicin-resistant strain and virulence-attenuated strain of F. psychrophilum (CSF 259-93B.17). The attenuated strain harboured a mutation in the rpoB gene consistent with resistance to rifampicin. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry demonstrated an altered proteome with eight proteins characteristic for the parent strain and six that were unique to the attenuated strain. Immunoblotting with a diagnostic monoclonal antibody (FL-43) identified a putative antigen (FP1493) that was subsequently cloned, expressed as a recombinant protein and confirmed as recognized by FL-43. 2D-PAGE, immunoblotting with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), convalescent antisera and mass spectrometry of bacterial whole-cell lysates revealed several uniquely expressed immunoreactive proteins including FP1493. An FP1493 recombinant subunit vaccine was tested, but did not provide protection against challenge with the CSF259-93 strain. While the exact mechanism responsible for altered protein synthesis and attenuation of CSF 259-93B.17 is still unknown, the differentially expressed immunoreactive proteins are a valuable resource to develop subunit vaccines and to identify proteins that are potentially involved in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gliniewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
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24
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Liu ZX, Liu GY, Li N, Xiao FS, Xie HX, Nie P. Identification of immunogenic proteins of Flavobacterium columnare by two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblotting with antibacterial sera from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:255-263. [PMID: 22288818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare is a Gram-negative bacterium causing columnaris disease of freshwater fish worldwide, and development of efficacious vaccines has been a continuous challenge in aquaculture. In this study, 14 proteins were identified from cellular components of F. columnare using an immunoblotting approach in two-dimensional electrophoresis map gels with antibacterial sera from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), and then anti-grass carp-recombinant Ig (rIg) polyclonal antibodies. These proteins were characterized conclusively by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). The 14 proteins are immunogenic molecules of F. columnare, including chaperonins DnaK, GroEL and trigger factor, and translation elongation factor G, translation elongation factor Tu, 30S ribosomal subunit protein S1, dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, SpoOJ regulator protein, alcohol dehydrogenase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase and two conserved hypothetical proteins. These identified immunogenic proteins may provide candidate molecules for the development of vaccines against columnaris disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - G Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - N Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - F S Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - H X Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - P Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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25
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Castillo D, Higuera G, Villa M, Middelboe M, Dalsgaard I, Madsen L, Espejo RT. Diversity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and the potential use of its phages for protection against bacterial cold water disease in salmonids. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:193-201. [PMID: 22324343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum causes rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) and cold water disease (CWD) in salmonid aquaculture. We report characterization of F. psychrophilum strains and their bacteriophages isolated in Chilean salmonid aquaculture. Results suggest that under laboratory conditions phages can decrease mortality of salmonids from infection by their F. psychrophilum host strain. Twelve F. psychrophilum isolates were characterized, with DNA restriction patterns showing low diversity between strains despite their being obtained from different salmonid production sites and from different tissues. We isolated 15 bacteriophages able to infect some of the F. psychrophilum isolates and characterized six of them in detail. DNA genome sizes were close to 50 Kbp and corresponded to the Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families. One isolate, 6H, probably contains lipids as an essential virion component, based on its chloroform sensitivity and low buoyant density in CsCl. Each phage isolate rarely infected F. psychrophilum strains other than the strain used for its enrichment and isolation. Some bacteriophages could decrease mortality from intraperitoneal injection of its host strain when added together with the bacteria in a ratio of 10 plaque-forming units per colony-forming unit. While we recognize the artificial laboratory conditions used for these protection assays, this work is the first to demonstrate that phages might be able protect salmonids from RTFS or CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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LaFrentz BR, LaPatra SE, Call DR, Wiens GD, Cain KD. Identification of immunogenic proteins within distinct molecular mass fractions of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:823-830. [PMID: 21988354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the aetiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease (CWD), and this pathogen has large economic impacts on salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Previously, it was demonstrated that high levels of protection against F. psychrophilum challenge were conferred to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions of the bacterium, and specific antibodies were correlated with protection. In this study, an immunoproteomic analysis of F. psychrophilum was performed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting with serum from fish immunized with high- and mid-molecular mass fractions of the bacterium. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the protein identity, and 15 immunogenic proteins were positively identified following Mascot searches of the F. psychrophilum genome. Based on known function and immunogenicity of homologous proteins in other bacterial pathogens, antibodies specific for several of the identified proteins may be important for protective immunity from CWD. These include outer membrane protein OmpA (P60), trigger factor, ClpB, elongation factor G, gliding motility protein GldN and a conserved hypothetical protein. This work increases the understanding of the protective humoral immune response of rainbow trout against these distinct molecular mass fractions of F. psychrophilum and provides new potential targets for recombinant protein vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R LaFrentz
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1136, USA
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27
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28
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Plant KP, Lapatra SE, Call DR, Cain KD. Immunization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with Flavobacterium psychrophilum proteins elongation factor-Tu, SufB Fe-S assembly protein and ATP synthaseβ. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:247-250. [PMID: 21306591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Plant
- Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83844-1136, USA
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29
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Roberts RJ, Agius C, Saliba C, Bossier P, Sung YY. Heat shock proteins (chaperones) in fish and shellfish and their potential role in relation to fish health: a review. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:789-801. [PMID: 20678104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), also known as stress proteins and extrinsic chaperones, are a suite of highly conserved proteins of varying molecular weight (c. 16-100 kDa) produced in all cellular organisms when they are exposed to stress. They develop following up-regulation of specific genes, whose transcription is mediated by the interaction of heat shock factors with heat shock elements in gene promoter regions. HSPs function as helper molecules or chaperones for all protein and lipid metabolic activities of the cell, and it is now recognized that the up-regulation in response to stress is universal to all cells and not restricted to heat stress. Thus, other stressors such as anoxia, ischaemia, toxins, protein degradation, hypoxia, acidosis and microbial damage will also lead to their up-regulation. They play a fundamental role in the regulation of normal protein synthesis within the cell. HSP families, such as HSP90 and HSP70, are critical to the folding and assembly of other cellular proteins and are also involved in regulation of kinetic partitioning between folding, translocation and aggregation within the cell. HSPs also have a wider role in relation to the function of the immune system, apoptosis and various facets of the inflammatory process. In aquatic animals, they have been shown to play an important role in health, in relation to the host response to environmental pollutants, to food toxins and in particular in the development of inflammation and the specific and non-specific immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in both finfish and shrimp. With the recent development of non-traumatic methods for enhancing HSP levels in fish and shrimp populations via heat, via provision of exogenous HSPs or by oral or water administration of HSP stimulants, they have also, in addition to the health effects, been demonstrated to be valuable in contributing to reducing trauma and physical stress in relation to husbandry events such as transportation and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Roberts
- Hagerman Fish Culture Research Station, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID 83332, USA.
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Olivares-Fuster O, Terhune JS, Shoemaker CA, Arias CR. Cloning, expression, and immunogenicity of Flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein dnaJ. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2010; 22:78-86. [PMID: 20848881 DOI: 10.1577/h09-029.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Flavobacterium columnare heat shock protein (HSP) gene dnaJ* was isolated, cloned, expressed, and used as an antigen in a recombinant vaccine strategy for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The F. columnare dnaJ* sequence was obtained from genomovars I and II and showed intraspecies variability. Recombinant protein was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli cultures and injected intraperitoneally (12 microg of purified DnaJ/fish) into fingerling channel catfish. In addition, induced (expressing the recombinant DnaJ) and uninduced (no recombinant protein being produced) E. coli cultures were also used to immunize fish. At 28 d postimmunization, antibody response was evaluated and the fish were challenged with F. columnare. A specific immune response against DnaJ was observed in fish immunized with DnaJ or E. coli cultures expressing DnaJ. No protection against the disease, however, was observed in F. columnare-challenged fish that had been immunized with DnaJ. Some level of protection was observed in fish immunized with uninduced and induced E. coli lysates. Although HSPs have been shown to be immunodominant and good candidates for subunit vaccines in other animals, DnaJ failed to protect against columnaris disease in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Olivares-Fuster
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, 217 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Zhang M, Yang J, Lin X, Zhu C, He J, Liu H, Lin T. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of soft-shelled turtle iridovirus antigens. J Virol Methods 2010; 167:193-8. [PMID: 20399233 PMCID: PMC7112847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for detection of the soft-shelled turtle iridovirus (STIV) was developed using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against STIV and anti-STIV rabbit serum. Using DAS-ELISA, the detection limit of STIV was found to be 103 PFU/ml. The positive rate of 15 STIV samples was 100%, while the positive rate of 100 other aquatic virus samples was 0%. These data show that DAS-ELISA is highly specific and sensitive for the detection of STIV. In clinical tests, 128 samples isolated from pond-reared turtles were subjected to DAS-ELISA and PCR. The overall agreement between the results obtained by DAS-ELISA and PCR was 98.4%. The results indicate that the DAS-ELISA method could be used for diagnosing diseases caused by STIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zhang
- The Institute of Animal and Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 241 Building, Huixinxijie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 64933405; fax: +86 10 64912740.
| | - J.X. Yang
- Biotechnology Institute of Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 247 Building, Wusibei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - X.M. Lin
- The Institute of Animal and Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 241 Building, Huixinxijie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - C.H. Zhu
- Biotechnology Institute of Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 247 Building, Wusibei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
| | - J.Q. He
- Shenzhen Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 801 Heping Building, 2049 Heping Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China
| | - H. Liu
- Shenzhen Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 801 Heping Building, 2049 Heping Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 755 25592980; fax: +86 755 25588410.
| | - T.L. Lin
- Biotechnology Institute of Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, No. 247 Building, Wusibei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
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