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Hao CL, Zhang WR, Arken K, Wang JP, Shi CX, Zhang L, Yue C. Identification of a new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea Gyrodactylidae) isolated from Diptychus maculatus in Yarkand River, Xinjiang, China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 24:100949. [PMID: 38873216 PMCID: PMC11170355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
To investigate Gyrodactylus infection of fish in the river system of Xinjiang (China), Gyrodactylus individuals were isolated from specimens of Diptychus maculatus. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA locus revealed that the gyrodactylids belong to new species. Gyrodactylus diptychi n. sp. differs significantly in the morphology of the haptoral structures from 12 known species of Gyrodactylus found in fishes of the subfamily Schizothoracinae. In particular, G. diptychi n. sp. has a relatively short dorsal bar with thick and large ends, flat and straight hamuli roots, and small ventral bar processes. Furthermore, G. diptychi n. sp. is the only representative of Gyrodactylus found on D. maculatus. Using the BLASTn search of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences in GenBank and the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. diptychi n. sp. As a result, our studies clearly identified that G. diptychi n. sp. was the first Gyrodactylus monogenean isolated from D. maculatus and a new species belonged to the subgenus Limnonephrotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-lan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen-run Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kadirden Arken
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin-pu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cai-xia Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
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Zhang WR, Hao CL, Arken K, Rong MJ, Tian SL, Kadir M, Yue C. New species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) from Gymnodiptychus dybowskii (Kessler, 1874) (Schizothoracinae) in the Kunes River (Yili River basin), China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:136-145. [PMID: 37869061 PMCID: PMC10587675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Yili River system hosts a diverse fauna of fishes and parasites. Gymnodiptychus dybowskii is a rare and endangered aboriginal cold-water fish inhabit in the Yili river system. Our research identified a new species Gyrodactylus gymnodiptychi n. sp. isolated from G. dybowskii in the Kunes River (Yili River, China). Morphological comparison revealed identifiable differences between the new species and other parasites, including Gyrodactylus aksuensis, and Gyrodactylus tokobaevi, which are two known parasites living in G. dybowskii inhabit in the Aksu River west of Frunze (Kyrgyzstan), as well as Gyrodactylus montanus living in Shizothorax intermedius inhabited in the Tadzhikistan or Uzbekistan. Especially, the dorsal bar of G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. was raised at both ends with a hollow, and its hamulus roots were curved inward. The BLASTN search of GenBank did not detect any other ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences same as G. gymnodiptychi's. Using the Bayesian Information and Maximum Likelihood methods to analyze the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA gene sequences, we constructed phylogenetic trees for G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. Accordingly, our morphological and molecular research indicated that G. gymnodiptychi n. sp. was not only a new species of parasites but also the first Gyrodactylus member identified in the Yili River in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kadirden Arken
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng-Jie Rong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sheng-Li Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Munira Kadir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
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Leis E, Chi TK, Lumme J. Global Phylogeography of Salmonid Ectoparasites of the Genus Gyrodactylus, with an Emphasis on the Origin of the Circumpolar Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea). COMP PARASITOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-88.1.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hahn C, Weiss SJ, Stojanovski S, Bachmann L. Co-Speciation of the Ectoparasite Gyrodactylus teuchis (Monogenea, Platyhelminthes) and Its Salmonid Hosts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127340. [PMID: 26080029 PMCID: PMC4469311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-speciation is a fundamental concept of evolutionary biology and intuitively appealing, yet in practice hard to demonstrate as it is often blurred by other evolutionary processes. We investigate the phylogeographic history of the monogenean ectoparasites Gyrodactylus teuchis and G. truttae on European salmonids of the genus Salmo. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 were sequenced for 189 Gyrodactylus individuals collected from 50 localities, distributed across most major European river systems, from the Iberian- to the Balkan Peninsula. Despite both anthropogenic and naturally caused admixture of the principal host lineages among major river basins, co-phylogenetic analyses revealed significant global congruence for host and parasite phylogenies, providing firm support for co-speciation of G. teuchis and its salmonid hosts brown trout (S. trutta) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar). The major split within G. teuchis, coinciding with the initial divergence of the hosts was dated to ~1.5 My BP, using a Bayesian framework based on an indirect calibration point obtained from the host phylogeny. The presence of G. teuchis in Europe thus predates some of the major Pleistocene glaciations. In contrast, G. truttae exhibited remarkably low intraspecific genetic diversity. Given the direct life cycle and potentially high transmission potential of gyrodactylids, this finding is interpreted as indication for a recent emergence (<60 ky BP) of G. truttae via a host-switch. Our study thus suggests that instances of two fundamentally different mechanisms of speciation (co-speciation vs. host-switching) may have occurred on the same hosts in Europe within a time span of less than 1.5 My in two gyrodactylid ectoparasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hahn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
- School for Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Steven J. Weiss
- Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stojmir Stojanovski
- Department of Fish Parasitology, Hydrobiological Institute, 6000, Ohrid, R. Macedonia
| | - Lutz Bachmann
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
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King SD, Cone DK, Gilmore SR, Jones SRM, Abbott CL. Supplemental Description and Phylogenetic Placement ofGyrodactylus corti(Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) Parasitizing Captive Wolf-EelAnarrhichthys ocellatusin British Columbia. COMP PARASITOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1654/4687.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cone DK, Appy R, Baggett L, King S, Gilmore S, Abbott C. A New Gyrodactylid (Monogenea) Parasitizing Bay Pipefish (Syngnathus leptorhynchus) from the Pacific Coast of North America. J Parasitol 2013; 99:183-8. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-3224.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gilmore S, Cone D, Lowe G, King S, Jones S, Abbott C. Molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) parasitizing fishes in fresh water, estuarine, and marine habitats in Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 is a genus of monogenean flatworms that is well-studied in Europe and best known for the destructive pathogen of Atlantic salmon, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957. However, there is a paucity of information on species of Gyrodactylus occurring elsewhere despite that the genus is thought to be extremely speciose. Here we present the first major molecular phylogeny of Gyrodactylus using samples from host fishes in North America. Our aims were to characterize species and molecular diversity of North American Gyrodactylus to allow a determination of their evolutionary relationship with congenerics sampled from Europe. Specimens belonging to 25 species of Gyrodactylus and closely related species from Canada and the northern United States of America were identified using morphology and sequenced at 18S rDNA and ITS2 rDNA (totaling ca. 1430 bp). Significant molecular groups in North American Gyrodactylus were found to correspond to a major division in the genus based on the structure of the male copulatory organ. Results corroborate earlier findings suggesting that the genus Fundulotrema Kritsky and Thatcher, 1977, traditionally thought to be distinct from Gyrodactylus owing to the presence of a peduncular bar, falls within Gyrodactylus. The usefulness and application of the broadly conserved 18S primers as a standard tool for Gyrodactylus taxonomy is discussed and advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.R. Gilmore
- 7494 Andrea Crescent, Lantzville, BC V0R 2H0, Canada
| | - D.K. Cone
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - G. Lowe
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - S.K. King
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - S.R.M. Jones
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - C.L. Abbott
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
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Rubio-Godoy M, Paladini G, Freeman MA, García-Vásquez A, Shinn AP. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Gyrodactylus salmonis (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) isolates collected in Mexico from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Vet Parasitol 2011; 186:289-300. [PMID: 22169222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gyrodactylus salmonis (Yin et Sproston, 1948) isolates collected from feral rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in Veracruz, southeastern Mexico are described. Morphological and molecular variation of these isolates to G. salmonis collected in Canada and the U.S.A. is characterised. Morphologically, the marginal hook sickles of Mexican isolates of G. salmonis closely resemble those of Canadian specimens - their shaft and hook regions align closely with one another; only features of the sickle base and a prominent bridge to the toe permit their separation. The 18S sequence determined from the Mexican specimens was identical to two variable regions of SSU rDNA obtained from a Canadian population of G. salmonis. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (spanning ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of Mexican isolates of G. salmonis are identical to ITS sequences of an American population of G. salmonis and to Gyrodactylus salvelini Kuusela, Ziętara et Lumme, 2008 from Finland. Analyses of the ribosomal RNA gene of Mexican isolates of G. salmonis show 98-99% similarity to those of Gyrodactylus gobiensis Gläser, 1974, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957, and Gyrodactylus rutilensis Gläser, 1974. Mexican and American isolates of G. salmonis are 98% identical, as assessed by sequencing the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Oncorhynchus mykiss is one of the most widely-dispersed fish species in the world and has been shown to be an important vector for parasite/disease transmission. Considering that Mexican isolates of G. salmonis were collected well outside the native distribution range of all salmonid fish, we discuss the possibility that the parasites were translocated with their host through the aquacultural trade. In addition, this study includes a morphological review of Gyrodactylus species collected from rainbow trout and from other salmonid fish of the genus Oncorhynchus which occur throughout North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rubio-Godoy
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Biología Evolutiva, km 2.5 Ant. Carretera a Coatepec, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico.
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You P, MacMillan J, Cone D. Local patchiness of Gyrodactylus colemanensis and G. salmonis parasitizing salmonids in the South River watershed, Nova Scotia, Canada. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2011; 96:137-143. [PMID: 22013753 DOI: 10.3354/dao02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence and intensity of Gyrodactylus colemanensis and G. salmonis (Monogenea) parasitizing juvenile/adult brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout Salmo trutta, and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar at 3 localities over an 8 km stretch in the South River, Nova Scotia, Canada, were calculated 4 times over a 9 mo period (October 2009, December 2009, March 2010, June 2010). G. colemanensis was on all 4 salmonids (endemic and non-endemic), while G. salmonis parasitized mostly S. fontinalis (endemic) and occasionally S. trutta (non-endemic). At an upstream locality, beyond a waterfall barrier, in a small tributary of the main river, G. colemanensis was more common than G. salmonis. In the main river, 7 km downstream, prevalence of G. colemanensis on S. fontinalis was comparable, or higher, than that of G. salmonis, while intensity of G. salmonis was higher than that of G. colemanensis. Downstream a further 1 km, in a tributary of the main river, both prevalence and intensity of G. salmonis on brook trout were higher than those of G. colemanensis. Stocks at a local trout hatchery had only G. colemanensis. The present study reports on a method by which exit water from such farms can be monitored for gyrodactylid parasites through a simple settling procedure. We estimated that up to 230,000 dislodged, live G. colemanensis exit the hatchery daily in discharge water entering the river. It is suggested that such systems are ideal for studying the impact of such parasite export on the nature of local parasite populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping You
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
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