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Holzinger D, Weber C, Bölte S, Fellinger J, Hofer J. Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Deaf Adults with Intellectual Disability: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties of an Adapted Version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2). J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:3214-3227. [PMID: 34322824 PMCID: PMC9213306 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the adaptation of the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS-2) to assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss who communicate primarily visually. This adapted ADOS-2 was applied to residents of specialized therapeutic living communities (n = 56). The internal consistency of the adapted ADOS-2 was excellent for the Social Affect of modules 2 and 3 and acceptable for Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors subscale of module 2, but poor for module 3. Interrater reliability was comparable to standard ADOS-2 modules 1-3. Results suggest that autism symptoms of deaf adults with ID can be reliably identified by an adapted ADOS-2, provided adequate expertise in deafness, ID, ASD and proficiency in signed language by the administrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holzinger
- Forschungsinstitut für Entwicklungsmedizin, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institut für Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Seilerstätte 2, 4021, Linz, Austria
- Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Weber
- Forschungsinstitut für Entwicklungsmedizin, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institut für Inklusive Pädagogik, Pädagogische Hochschule OÖ, Linz, Austria
| | - S Bölte
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Fellinger
- Forschungsinstitut für Entwicklungsmedizin, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria
- Institut für Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Seilerstätte 2, 4021, Linz, Austria
- Abteilung für Sozialpsychiatrie der Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Hofer
- Forschungsinstitut für Entwicklungsmedizin, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Austria.
- Institut für Sinnes- und Sprachneurologie, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brüder, Seilerstätte 2, 4021, Linz, Austria.
- Abteilung für Pädiatrie I, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Moroe N, Masuku K, Shirame L. Rehabilitation healthcare professionals' competence and confidence in differentially diagnosing deafblindness from autism spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional survey in South Africa. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35313865 PMCID: PMC8939183 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and management of children who are deafblind is important to alleviate the effects of deafblindness on the development of the child who is deafblind and their families. However, children who are deafblind are often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late. The misdiagnosis or late diagnosis has been attributed to many factors, one of which is the competence and confidence of healthcare professionals in differentially diagnosing deafblindness from other conditions, in most cases, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study therefore aimed to establish the competence and confidence of rehabilitation healthcare professionals in differentially diagnosing deafblindness from ASD in the South African context. METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was employed for the study. An online questionnaire was distributed to rehabilitation healthcare professionals (N = 78) via Survey Monkey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical clearance and permission were obtained from relevant stakeholders prior to the commencement of the study. RESULTS Regarding the rehabilitation healthcare professionals in this study, 54% were competent in diagnosing ASD, while only 35% could correctly diagnose deafblindness. In some instances, symptoms were classified as associated with both ASD and deafblindness, when they were just those of deafblindness. Of all the rehabilitation healthcare professionals in this study, speech language therapists displayed the most knowledge of deafblindness. Furthermore, healthcare professionals who had between one and nine years of working experience had more knowledge of deafblindness than other professionals with more or less experience. CONCLUSION Deafblindness is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as ASD. This is due to the lack of competence and confidence of rehabilitation healthcare professionals in diagnosing it. The findings therefore highlight the need for training of rehabilitation healthcare professionals. Training on deafblindness could be included as part of the curriculum in the various undergraduate programs. Deafblindness could also form part of the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) training programs at various healthcare facilities. A team approach to the training would be ideal as it would facilitate peer learning and support. More research is required as it would inform evidence-based assessment, and management and support strategies for children who are deafblind and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomfundo Moroe
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Khetsiwe Masuku
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lebogang Shirame
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pili R, Zolo B, Farris P, Penna V, Valinotti S, Carrogu GP, Gaviano L, Berti R, Pili L, Petretto DR. Autism and Visual impairment: A First Approach to a Complex Relationship. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:212-216. [PMID: 35173790 PMCID: PMC8728560 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the first half of the 20th century there has been an interest in the study of the relationship between autism and autistic-like clinical features and with visual impairments. Autism Spectrum disorders are one of the more worldwide-studied neurodevelopmental disorder with an increasing prevalence in the last ten years. Visual impairment is a condition which derives from several causes (genetic, constitutional, injuries, nutritional and environmental ones). Again, it is a kind of spectrum and an overarching category, because visual impairments range from refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism), to amblyopia, strabismus, and to partial and total blindness. Since the first study of Keeler (1956) which described autistic-like patterns in five preschool children who were totally blind due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a growing number of researchers addressed the relationship between autism and visual impairment. In this paper we focused on it, aiming to discuss on some lessons learned in this field and to discuss some open questions since the first research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pili
- IERFOP Onlus, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bachisio Zolo
- IERFOP Onlus, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gian Pietro Carrogu
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09127 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Gaviano
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09127 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Berti
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09127 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pili
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09127 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Rita Petretto
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09127 Cagliari, Italy
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Paramasivam A, Jaiswal A, Minhas R, Wittich W, Spruyt-Rocks R. Informed Consent or Assent Strategies for Research With Individuals With Deafblindness or Dual Sensory Impairment: A Scoping Review. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2021; 3:100115. [PMID: 34179751 PMCID: PMC8212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2021.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize evidence on existing informed consent/assent strategies and processes that enable the participation of individuazls with deafblindness or dual sensory impairment in research. DATA SOURCES Five scientific databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) and other sources such as Google Scholar, Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, and British Journal of Visual Impairment were hand-searched from January 2015 until July 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected using a priori inclusion criteria of sensory and cognitive disabilities and focused on consent/assent strategies and processes in research within this population. Articles related to the medical or sexual consent processes were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION An Excel spreadsheet was used to extract data from the eligible sources. Discrepancies were resolved in discussion with team members. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 2163 sources were screened, and 16 articles were included in the review. Seven sources only examined consent strategies, whereas the remaining 8 included a combination of consent/assent and dissent strategies. Using thematic analysis, 3 key themes emerged: consent/assent strategies, researcher capacity, and capacity to consent tools. Key identified strategies included the accessibility of the consent/assent process, building relationships with participants and caregivers, identifying behavioral cues, and communication training for researchers. CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of literature on consent/assent strategies within the population with deafblindness, the review found promising strategies applied to individuals with other cognitive or sensory disabilities that researchers can adopt. Researchers are encouraged to use best practices in creating an inclusive research environment to include individuals with deafblindness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atul Jaiswal
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renu Minhas
- DeafBlind Ontario Services, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Wittich
- School of Optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hofer J, Fellinger J. Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen: von der Früherfassung zu Intervention und Begleitung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAutismus-Spektrum-Störungen zeigen eine Prävalenz von 1 %. Die unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte, soziale Interaktions- und Kommunikationsstörung ist gekennzeichnet durch eingeschränkte Fähigkeit, sich sprachlich und nichtsprachlich auf andere Menschen einzustellen. Weitere Kernsymptome sind repetitive und stereotype Verhaltens- und Interessenmuster.Symptome einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung zeigen sich überwiegend bereits während des Kleinkindalters und persistieren meist über die Lebensspanne in unterschiedlicher Phänomenologie und unterschiedlichem Ausprägungsgrad.Wichtige abzugrenzende, aber auch begleitende Störungen bei jungen Kindern sind: kognitive Entwicklungsstörungen, Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- und Hyperaktivitätssyndrom und Sprachstörungen.Früherkennung ist häufig bereits im zweiten Lebensjahr möglich. Evidenzbasierte, effektive Frühinterventionsmodelle existieren, sind aktuell aber im deutschsprachigen Raum noch nicht flächendeckend verfügbar.Angesichts der hohen Belastung für Familie und Umfeld ist ein kompetentes ärztliches Case Management mit Vernetzung zu Systempartnern aus Bildungs- und Sozialwesen notwendig.
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Sterkenburg PS, Kempelmann GEM, Hentrich J, Vonk J, Zaal S, Erlewein R, Hudson M. Scale of emotional development-short: Reliability and validity in two samples of children with an intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 108:103821. [PMID: 33310399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) is often accompanied by more significant delays in emotional development than in cognitive development. Diagnostic assessment can provide insight into emotional functioning. However, few standardized assessment instruments are available. AIMS Examine the reliability and validity of the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S) in children with ID. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This methodological instrument validation study was conducted in the Netherlands and Switzerland with children (N = 118) older than 3 and younger than 18 years with ID ranging from profound to mild. Measures included: demographic and medical data, SED-S, and the Vineland. Coherence and reliability of the SED-S were determined using Cronbach's alpha, and validity was examined using Goodman and Kruskal's γ, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Mann-Whitney U tests. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The reliability of the SED-S was high, the convergent validity was good, and divergent validity was indicated in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), visual and/or auditory impairment, and adaptive functioning. FURTHER RESEARCH Research is needed to better understand the implications of ASD and visual and/or auditory impairment on emotional development and their association with (normal) intelligence. Children with ID may also benefit from (more) detailed guidelines for imbalanced profiles on the SED-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Sterkenburg
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Bartiméus, Doorn, The Netherlands.
| | - G E M Kempelmann
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hentrich
- Heilpädagogisches Zentrum Hohenrain, Switzerland
| | - J Vonk
- ORO, Helmond, The Netherlands
| | - S Zaal
- Cordaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Erlewein
- Luzerner Psychiatrie, Heilpädagogisch-Psychiatrische Fachstelle Sonderschulen, Switzerland
| | - M Hudson
- Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Molinaro A, Micheletti S, Rossi A, Gitti F, Galli J, Merabet LB, Fazzi EM. Autistic-Like Features in Visually Impaired Children: A Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E507. [PMID: 32752249 PMCID: PMC7465914 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains great interest in understanding the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to the extraordinarily high prevalence of ASD in blind and visually impaired children. The broad variability across individuals and assessment methodologies have made it difficult to understand whether autistic-like symptoms shown by some children with VI might reflect the influence of the visual deficit, or represent a primary neurodevelopmental condition that occurs independently of the VI itself. In the absence of a valid methodology adapted for the visually impaired population, diagnosis of ASD in children with VI is often based on non-objective clinical impression, with inconclusive prevalence data. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Molinaro
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Micheletti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Gitti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lotfi B Merabet
- Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisa Maria Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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Suhumaran S, Yeleswarapu SP, Daniel LM, Wong CM. Congenital blindness and autism spectrum disorder (ASD): diagnostic challenges and intervention options. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/2/e232981. [PMID: 32051159 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The case of a 6-year-old boy with congenital blindness and features suggestive of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reported. He presented to a developmental paediatrician with global developmental delay, worsening self-injurious behaviours and difficulties in social interaction, transitions and interactive play. He demonstrated poor response to his name, rigidity, repetitive behaviours and had a sensory profile suggestive of ASD. This paper discusses the challenges in diagnosing and managing ASD in visually impaired children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharline Suhumaran
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Lourdes Mary Daniel
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chui Mae Wong
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Thurm A, Farmer C, Salzman E, Lord C, Bishop S. State of the Field: Differentiating Intellectual Disability From Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:526. [PMID: 31417436 PMCID: PMC6683759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The topic of this special issue on secondary versus idiopathic autism allows for discussion of how different groups may come to manifest autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ASD-like symptoms despite important etiological differences. A related issue is that, because many of the social communication deficits that define ASD represent a failure to acquire developmentally expected skills, these same deficits would be expected to occur to some extent in all individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Thus, regardless of etiology, ASD symptoms may appear across groups of individuals with vastly different profiles of underlying deficits and strengths. In this focused review, we consider the impact of ID on the diagnosis of ASD. We discuss behavioral distinctions between ID and ASD, in light of the diagnostic criterion mandating that ASD should not be diagnosed if symptoms are accounted for by ID or general developmental delay. We review the evolution of the autism diagnosis and ASD diagnostic tools to understand how this distinction has been conceptualized previously. We then consider ways that operationalized criteria may be beneficial for making the clinical distinction between ID with and without ASD. Finally, we consider the impact of the blurred diagnostic boundaries between ID and ASD on the study of secondary versus idiopathic ASD. Especially pertinent to this discussion are findings that a diagnosis of ID in the context of an ASD diagnosis may be one of the strongest indicators that an associated condition or specific etiological factor is present (i.e., secondary autism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristan Farmer
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emma Salzman
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Lord
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Somer Bishop
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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10
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Kiani R, Bhaumik S, Tyrer F, Bankart J, Miller H, Cooper SA, Brugha TS. The relationship between symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and visual impairment among adults with intellectual disability. Autism Res 2019; 12:1411-1422. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kiani
- Leicestershire Learning Disability ServiceLeicestershire Partnership NHS Trust Leicester United Kingdom
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Sabyasachy Bhaumik
- Leicestershire Learning Disability ServiceLeicestershire Partnership NHS Trust Leicester United Kingdom
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Freya Tyrer
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom
| | - John Bankart
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Leicester Leicester United Kingdom
| | - Helen Miller
- National Deaf Services, South West London and St. Georges Mental Health NHS Trust London United Kingdom
| | - Sally Ann Cooper
- Institute of Health and WellbeingUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
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12
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Geier DA, Kern JK, Sykes LK, Geier MR. Mercury-associated diagnoses among children diagnosed with pervasive development disorders. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:949-960. [PMID: 29512044 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nelson and Bauman (Pediatrics 111:674-679, 2003) previously hypothesized that pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) was not associated with mercury (Hg) exposure because the medical conditions associated with Hg exposure were not associated with PDD. A hypothesis-testing longitudinal case-control study evaluated the frequency of medically diagnosed conditions previously associated with Hg poisoning, including: epilepsy, dysarthria, failure to thrive, cerebral palsy, or contact dermatitis and other eczema among children preceding their eventual PDD diagnosis (cases) compared to controls. A retrospective examination of medical records within the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) was undertaken. Cases diagnosed with PDD (n = 534) were born from 1991 to 2000 and continuously enrolled until their PDD diagnosis. Controls (n = 26,367) were born from 1991 to 1993 and continuously enrolled from birth for 7.22 years. Within the first 5 years of life, cases compared to controls were significantly (p < 0.0001) more likely to be assigned a diagnosis of contact dermatitis and other eczema (odds ratio (OR) = 2.033), dysarthria (OR = 23.992), epilepsy (OR = 5.351), failure to thrive (OR = 25.3), and cerebral palsy (OR = 4.464). Similar results were observed when the data were separated by gender. Overall, the results of the present study and recently published studies provide direct evidence supporting a link in twelve of twelve categories (100%) of Hg poisoning associated symptoms as defined by Nelson and Bauman (Pediatrics 111:674-679, 2003) and symptoms observed in those with a PDD diagnosis. The results of this study support the biological plausibility of Hg poisoning to induce PDD diagnoses and rejection of the Nelson and Bauman (Pediatrics 111:674-679, 2003) hypothesis because those with a PDD diagnosis have an increased frequency of conditions previously associated with Hg poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Geier
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Janet K Kern
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
- CoMeD, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
- CONEM US Autism Research Group, Allen, TX, USA.
| | | | - Mark R Geier
- The Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc, 14 Redgate Ct, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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de Vaan G, Vervloed MPJ, Peters-Scheffer NC, van Gent T, Knoors H, Verhoeven L. Assessing Autism Spectrum Disorder in People with Sensory Impairments Combined with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES 2018; 30:471-487. [PMID: 30100694 PMCID: PMC6061084 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-018-9597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
People with sensory impairments combined with intellectual disabilities show behaviours that are similar to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The instrument Observation of Autism in people with Sensory and Intellectual Disabilities (OASID) was developed to diagnose ASD in this target group. The current study focuses on the psychometric properties of OASID. Sixty individuals with intellectual disabilities in combination with visual impairments and/or deafblindness participated in this study. The OASID assessment was administered and rated by three independent observers. By means of expert consensus cut-off scores for OASID were created. To determine the concurrent validity OASID was compared with the Pervasive Developmental Disorder for People with Mental Retardation (PDD-MRS) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale second edition (CARS-2). The intra-rater reliability, the inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity of OASID were good to excellent. Cut-off scores were established based on criteria from the DSM-5. OASID was able to differentiate between four severity levels of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta de Vaan
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs P. J. Vervloed
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke C. Peters-Scheffer
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Driestroom, PO Box 139, 6660 HC Elst, The Netherlands
| | - Tiejo van Gent
- Royal Dutch Kentalis, Theerestraat 42, 5271 GD Sint-Michielsgestel, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Knoors
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Kentalis, Kentalis Academy, Theerestraat 42, 5271 GD Sint-Michielsgestel, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo Verhoeven
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
SummarySensory (visual and hearing) impairment has significant detrimental impact on sociocognitive and language development. Despite this, it is very much underrecognised and underdiagnosed in people with intellectual disability. Raising awareness of sensory impairment among professionals and carers is extremely important for early management to prevent further social handicap in people with intellectual disability. This article reviews sensory impairment in intellectual disability and its association with autism-spectrum disorder and mental illness.
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Long JJ, Butchart M, Brown M, Bain J, McMillan A, Karatzias T. Improving vision awareness in autism services: Evaluation of a dedicated education programme for support practitioners. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2017; 31:e244-e252. [PMID: 28218493 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research reported here sought to evaluate whether a dedicated education programme in vision awareness improved the knowledge and skills of autism support practitioners in identifying visual impairment in autistic people with intellectual disabilities and providing better support to those individuals identified as visually impaired. METHODS Researchers undertook a mixed methods evaluation. A survey questionnaire was devised and administered before and after training and focus groups were undertaken in order to gain qualitative data relating how practitioners implemented their learning in practice. RESULTS Knowledge confidence and practice confidence scores of participants were significantly improved by the programme, which maintained its impact one year on. Practitioners reported increased access to optometry, changes to support practice and improvements to service environments as a result of the training. CONCLUSION Autism support practitioners' skills in identifying and supporting people with visual impairments were demonstrably enhanced through dedicated vision training.
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Mosca R, Kritzinger A, van der Linde J. Language and communication development in preschool children with visual impairment: A systematic review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2017; 62:e1-e10. [PMID: 26809155 PMCID: PMC5843051 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v62i1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Language and communication difficulties of young children with visual impairment (VI) are ascribed to intellectual disability, multiple disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rather than their sensory impairment. Consequently, the communication difficulties of children with VI may have been underestimated and undertreated. Objectives This report aims to critically appraise recent peer reviewed literature relating to communication and language development in children with VI. Method A systematic search of the literature (2003–2013) was completed using the PRISMA guidelines, and primary and secondary search phrases. Nine publications were reviewed in terms of the strength of recent evidence. Thematic analysis was used to describe the early language and communication characteristics of children with VI. Results All the selected articles (n = 9) were from developed countries and participants from seven of the studies had congenital VI. Five of the studies received an evidence level rating of III while four articles were rated as IIb. Two main themes emerged from the studies: early intervention, and multiple disabilities and ASD. Language and communication development is affected by VI, especially in the early stages of development. Speech-language therapists should therefore be included in early intervention for children with VI. Conclusion Recent evidence on the early language and communication difficulties of children with VI exists, but children in developing countries with acquired VI appear to not be investigated. The identified language and communication developmental characteristics may assist speech-language therapists to build a knowledge base for participation in early intervention for young children with VI and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mosca
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Alta Kritzinger
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeannie van der Linde
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Do B, Lynch P, Macris EM, Smyth B, Stavrinakis S, Quinn S, Constable PA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of Autism Spectrum Disorder in visually or hearing impaired children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017; 37:212-224. [DOI: 10.1111/opo.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Do
- Discipline of Optometry; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
| | - Paige Lynch
- Discipline of Optometry; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
| | | | - Brianna Smyth
- Discipline of Optometry; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
| | | | - Stephen Quinn
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Paul A Constable
- Discipline of Optometry; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
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Butchart M, Long JJ, Brown M, McMillan A, Bain J, Karatzias T. Autism and Visual Impairment: a Review of the Literature. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-016-0101-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Comorbid Deafblindness and Autism Spectrum Disorder—Characteristics, Differential Diagnosis, and Possible Interventions. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-016-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Mutsaerts CG, Heinrich M, Sterkenburg PS, Sappok T. Screening for ASD in adults with ID-moving toward a standard using the DiBAS-R and the ACL. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:512-522. [PMID: 27120992 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in persons with intellectual disability (ID) is challenging but essential to allow adequate treatment to be given. This study examines whether the combination of two ASD screening instruments specifically developed for persons with ID, namely, the Diagnostic Behavioral Assessment for ASD-Revised (DiBAS-R) and the Autism Checklist (ACL), improves diagnostic accuracy when used in combination compared to the application of the single instrument. METHOD A clinical sample of adults with ID who are suspected of having ASD (N =148) was assessed using two ID specific screening scales (DiBAS-R and ACL). The diagnostic validity of the single instruments and of their combination was assessed. RESULTS While both instruments showed acceptable diagnostic validity when applied alone (DiBAS-R/ACL: sensitivity: 75%/91%; specificity: 75%/75%; overall agreement: 75%/83%), specificity increased when two positive screening results were used (88%), and sensitivity increased (95%) when at least one positive screening result was used. CONCLUSIONS Different combinations of the ASD screening instruments DiBAS-R and ACL lead to improvements in sensitivity and specificity. The complementary use of the ACL in addition to the sole use of the DiBAS-R improves overall accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Mutsaerts
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Heinrich
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - P S Sterkenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Doorn, The Netherlands
| | - T Sappok
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Berlin, Germany
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21
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de Vaan G, Vervloed M, Peters-Scheffer NC, van Gent T, Knoors H, Verhoeven L. Behavioural assessment of autism spectrum disorders in people with multiple disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:101-112. [PMID: 26059997 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is difficult to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in people with a combination of intellectual and sensory disabilities because of overlap in behaviour. The ASD typical behaviours of people with combined intellectual and sensory disabilities are often caused by their disabilities and not by ASD. Current diagnostic tools are inadequate to differentiate between people with and without ASD when they have these combined disabilities, because tools lack norms for this population or are subjective, indirect or unable to adapt to the variety of disabilities that these people may have. Because giving a correct diagnosis is necessary for treatment and support, a new observational tool was developed to diagnose ASD in people with multiple disabilities, observation of autism in people with sensory and intellectual disabilities (OASID). METHOD Observation of autism in people with sensory and intellectual disabilities was tested on 18 participants with moderate to profound intellectual disabilities, one or dual sensory impairment, with and without ASD. Two independent experts diagnosed these participants as well in order to test the psychometric properties and differentiating abilities of OASID. RESULTS Observation of autism in people with sensory and intellectual disabilities showed high inter-rater reliability, internal consistency of scales and content and construct validity. OASID could differentiate people with and without ASD without overlap. CONCLUSIONS Observation of autism in people with sensory and intellectual disabilities could differentiate people with intellectual disabilities combined with sensory impairments, who clearly had or did not have signs of ASD. People with unclear signs of ADS scored in between those two groups with regard to their OASID scores. Psychometric properties of OASID are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Vaan
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Vervloed
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N C Peters-Scheffer
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Driestroom, Elst, The Netherlands
| | - T van Gent
- Royal Dutch Kentalis, Sint-Michielsgestel, The Netherlands
| | - H Knoors
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Kentalis, Sint-Michielsgestel, The Netherlands
| | - L Verhoeven
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Dammeyer J. Deafblindness and dual sensory loss research: Current status and future directions. World J Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 5:37-40. [DOI: 10.5319/wjo.v5.i2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deafblindness is more than the addition of hearing impairment plus vision impairment. The absence or impairment of both distance senses gives a condition which is more disabling than the sum of each. Deafblindness is rare among young people but becomes frequent at higher ages. Deafblindness can be either congenital or acquired. The heterogeneity of the population has been reported to be huge. Different levels of vision and hearing loss, different use of language modality, different kinds and severity of additional disabilities, and different medical aetiology are some of the variables splitting the group. Research in deafblindness is still in it is advent due to a number of limitations and a lack of current scientific interest. Some of the challenges in deafblindness research are: lack of consensus on the definition of deafblindness; rareness of the condition which makes it difficult to even gather just a small group to study; heterogeneity of the population; difficulties with using traditional functional assessment procedures; communication barriers; and the difficulties of interpretation of deafblind behavior. This editorial calls for more interest in deafblindness in general and for more international cooperation and innovative studies to overcome existing barriers: Cooperation on data collection to form big enough sample sizes; development of reliable and valid tests and assessment tools; development of new research methods and approaches.
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Abstract
Associations between congenital deafness or blindness and autism have been found. The main consequences of congenital sensory impairment, being barriers for communication, language and social interaction development, may lead to symptoms of autism. To date only few studies have been reported concerning individuals with congenital deafblindness. This study examines symptoms of autism among 71 children with congenital deafblindness using the Autism Behavior Checklist. The cohort of children with congenital deafblindness was found to have symptoms of autism on a level similar to children with another developmental disorder than autism for example intellectual disability. No association was found between severity of congenital sensory impairment and severity or type of symptoms of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark,
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24
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Ask Larsen F, Damen S. Definitions of deafblindness and congenital deafblindness. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:2568-2576. [PMID: 25016162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to compile knowledge on deafblindness (DB) and congenital deafblindness (CDB), one important factor is comparison of results between different scientific studies. In an attempt to do a systematic review of the literature on cognitive assessment and CDB, considerable difficulties in determining eligibility of the studies were encountered due to heterogeneity in definitions and inclusion criteria used in the articles. The present systematic review aims to provide both an overview of this terminological and methodological heterogeneity and suggestions for better future research practices. A systematic review of definitions used in (N=30) studies employing psychological assessment of people with CDB served as a sample of the scientific literature on DB and CDB. Absent or heterogeneous definitions and inclusion criteria regarding both DB and CDB are evident in the sample. Fifty percent of the studies reported no definition of DB and 76.7% reported no definition of CDB. Main discrepancies are: (1) medical/functional versus ability/functioning definitions regarding DB; and (2) different criteria for onset of DB in the case of defining CDB (e.g. age versus developmental level). The results of this study call attention to a scientifically inadequate approach to the study of DB and CDB. Findings indicate that clear guidelines for sample descriptions of the DB and/or CDB populations are needed. It is suggested that studies including DB and CDB participants provide the following information: definitions of DB and CDB used; severity of sensory impairments; level of sensory ability in relation to mobility, access to information, and communication; age at onset of DB; and communication as well as language ability at onset of DB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Ask Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Saskia Damen
- Bartiméus, Oude Arnhemsebovenweg 3, 3941 XM Doorn, The Netherlands; Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 38, 9712 TJ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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25
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Comorbid Psychosocial Issues Seen in Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinics. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2014; 47:779-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Figueiredo MZDA, Chiari BM, Goulart BNGD. Communication in deafblind adults with Usher syndrome: retrospective observational study. Codas 2014; 25:319-24. [PMID: 24408482 DOI: 10.1590/s2317-17822013000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the communication and the main mechanisms that facilitate interpersonal relationships of deafblind, especially in relation to communication and locomotion and the impact of these aspects on deafblindness. METHODS Report of a series of cases conducted from semi-structured interviews with questions relating to the functionality of communication, with Usher syndrome patients attended in a specialized clinic in a university service, in the year 2007. The sample consisted of 11 deafblind subjects, with Usher syndrome, aged between 20 and 57 years (mean age 43 years and SD=12.27), of which 7 (63.6%) were female. The responses were analyzed by qualitative-quantitative technique of the Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). RESULTS All participants reported that visual and auditory symptoms began in childhood. Of the 11 interviewed, 6 reported that the disease has negatively affected their daily activities, 6 experienced difficulty at work, and 2 at leisure. Four reported that there was a change in family relationships, and 5 reported no change in the interaction with family and friends. In discourse analysis, almost 30% of respondents reported to use alternative forms of communication, 40% said move alone if the way is known before. Only 1 of 11 participants said they did not ask for help when needed. CONCLUSION Individuals diagnosed with Usher syndrome face challenging situations in daily activities, personal relationships, at work and at play. Alternative forms of communication are often used when verbal communication is not possible. The majority of respondents have independence of locomotion, or seeking ways to achieve it.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Deafblindness or dual sensory loss is a rare condition among young people, but more frequent among older people. Deafblindness is a heterogeneous condition that varies with regard to time of onset and degree of vision and hearing impairment, as well as communication mode, medical aetiology, and number and severity of co-morbidity. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive review of public health issues related to deafblindness. RESULTS Deafblindness often lead to barriers in language and communication, access to information and social interaction, which can lead to a number of health-related difficulties. Some of the reported consequences are a higher risk of depression, cognitive decline, developmental disorder in children and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Deafblindness is associated with a number of health-related issues and more knowledge is needed about the impact of dual sensory loss to be able to offer the best support.
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Trouble du spectre de l’autisme et cécité congénitale Un casuiste pour la psychopathologie développementale. ENFANCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4074/s0013754514001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Pry R. Trouble du spectre de l’autisme et cécité congénitale. Un casuiste pour la psychopathologie développementale. ENFANCE 2014. [DOI: 10.3917/enf1.141.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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30
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Stress in adults with congenital deafblindness and an intellectual disability: Information from their cortisol curves. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619612456375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adults with congenital deafblindness and an intellectual disability are at high risk for exposure to chronic and severe stress. Sensory deprivation, separations from primary caregivers, and difficulties in communication, from birth on, make daily life stressful for them. Chronic and high stress can lead to deviancies in the cortisol curve. This, in turn, can have negative effects on mental and physical health. Nothing is known yet about the cortisol curve of adults with congenital deafblindness and an intellectual disability, but our hypothesis is that it will be deviant. In this study, the cortisol curve of six participants with congenital deafblindness was compared to the curve of 40 typical controls. Remarkably, in spite of all past and present stress factors, the cortisol curve of the participants was rather normal. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed, amongst others individual differences in experiencing stress. Implications for further research are discussed.
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Abstract
For many reasons an accurate and straightforward identification of congenital deafblindness can be difficult. This article reports on the assessment procedures and experience in Denmark where medical examinations were combined with functional assessments performed through direct observation. The study evaluated the assessment procedure of 190 children and adults found to be congenitally deafblind. Among the 190 individuals 76 percent were determined using functional assessment in addition to medical examination. A case example involving a 12-year-old child is also presented to illustrate the complexity in identifying congenital deafblindness. It is concluded that determining deafblindness should not be limited to medical procedures (vision and hearing tests) alone, but may also involve a lengthy process to assess the level of sense functioning the individual possesses.
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32
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Dammeyer J. Children with Usher syndrome: mental and behavioral disorders. Behav Brain Funct 2012; 8:16. [PMID: 22449032 PMCID: PMC3337277 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-8-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental and behavioral disorders among adults with Usher syndrome have been discussed and reported in some case studies but no research has been reported on children with Usher syndrome. Methods This article investigates the prevalence and characteristics of mental and behavioral disorders among 26 children, 3-17 years of age, with Usher syndrome. Results Six of the 26 children were diagnosed with a mental or behavioral disorder (1 with schizophrenia and mild mental retardation, 1 with atypical autism and severe mental retardation, 1 with atypical autism and mild mental retardation, 1 with mild mental retardation, and 2 with conduct disorder). Another 3 children had had a mental or behavioral disorder previously in their childhood. Conclusion Even though vision impairment first manifests in late childhood, some children with Usher syndrome seem to develop mental and behavioral disorders during childhood. The aetiology and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders among children with Usher syndrome are discussed. Children with Usher syndrome and their parents may need clinical support during early childhood to prevent development of mental and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, København K, Denmark.
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33
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Dammeyer J. Mental and behavioral disorders among people with congenital deafblindness. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:571-575. [PMID: 21227639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The population of people with congenital deafblindness faces challenges concerning communication and mobility. Due to the significance of the sensory loss it is difficult to diagnose mental and behavioral disorders. This article investigates the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among 95 congenitally deafblind adults. Seventy-four percent were found to have a mental and/or behavioral diagnose. Mental retardation was found among 34%, psychosis among 13%. Mental and behavioral disorders, especially with symptoms of psychosis and mental retardation, are common among people with congenital deafblindness. Clinical experience is needed, as well as cross-disciplinary cooperation and specialized diagnostic methods together with a observation and intervention period in order to be able to assess and differentiate mental and behavioral symptoms from sensory deprivation in people with congenital deafblindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychology, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 København K, Denmark.
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Dammeyer J. Congenital rubella syndrome and delayed manifestations. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74:1067-70. [PMID: 20619470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several hypotheses of different medical and psychological delayed manifestations among people who have congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) have been discussed. This study tests some of these hypotheses of delayed manifestations. METHODS Gathering information about 35 individuals who have CRS and who are congenitally deafblind. RESULTS None of the hypotheses could be confirmed when individuals with CRS were compared to a control group of individuals who were congenital deafblind with different aetiology than CRS. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that those health related problems which people with CRS face must primarily be understood in relation to congenital deafblindness and dual sensory and communicative deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dammeyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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