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Saadh MJ, Shallan MA, Hussein UAR, Mohammed AQ, Al-Shuwaili SJ, Shikara M, Ami AA, Khalil NAMA, Ahmad I, Abbas HH, Elawady A. Advances in microscopy characterization techniques for lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery: a comprehensive review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5463-5481. [PMID: 38459989 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the significance of lipid nanocarriers in drug delivery and the crucial role of characterization techniques. It explores various types of lipid nanocarriers and their applications, emphasizing the importance of microscopy-based characterization methods such as light microscopy, confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The paper also delves into sample preparation, quantitative analysis, challenges, and future directions in the field. The review concludes by underlining the pivotal role of microscopy-based characterization in advancing lipid nanocarrier research and drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Ami
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Hayder Abbas
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Elawady
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
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2
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Moraille P, Abdali Z, Ramkaran M, Polcari D, Patience GS, Dorval Courchesne N, Badia A. Experimental Methods in Chemical Engineering: Atomic force microscopy—
AFM. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Abdali
- Chemical Engineering, McGill University Québec Canada
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3
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Nematollahzadeh A, Mirzaei-Kalar Z, Abolhasani H, Babapoor A. Synthesize and multi-spectroscopic studies of zinc-naproxen nanodrug as DNA intercalator agent. Anal Biochem 2021; 642:114454. [PMID: 34774837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The zinc-naproxen complex as a nano-drug (NanoD) was synthesized successfully via fast and effective ultrasound-assisted processes. The chemicophysical properties of the NanoD were determined using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX mapping analyses. The results confirmed the formation of the 55 nm NanoD laminates. The interaction of the obtained NanoD with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) was studied as well. Structural and topography changes of DNA in interaction with the NanoD were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of electronic absorption spectroscopy, the DNA-viscosity studies, and competition fluorescence spectroscopy showed that CT-DNA binds to the NanoD through the intercalative binding mode. The data of AFM analysis indicated swollen CT-DNA upon interaction with the NanoD. The in vitro investigation of cytotoxicity of the NanoD on HT-29 and Hep G2 cancer cells demonstrated high cytotoxicity activity of the NanoD than that of cisplatin in HT-29 cell line, especially at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nematollahzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Mirzaei-Kalar
- Department of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hoda Abolhasani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Aziz Babapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
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4
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Marcuello C, Frempong GA, Balsera M, Medina M, Lostao A. Atomic Force Microscopy to Elicit Conformational Transitions of Ferredoxin-Dependent Flavin Thioredoxin Reductases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091437. [PMID: 34573070 PMCID: PMC8469568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavin and redox-active disulfide domains of ferredoxin-dependent flavin thioredoxin reductase (FFTR) homodimers should pivot between flavin-oxidizing (FO) and flavin-reducing (FR) conformations during catalysis, but only FR conformations have been detected by X-ray diffraction and scattering techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a single-molecule technique that allows the observation of individual biomolecules with sub-nm resolution in near-native conditions in real-time, providing sampling of molecular properties distributions and identification of existing subpopulations. Here, we show that AFM is suitable to evaluate FR and FO conformations. In agreement with imaging under oxidizing condition, only FR conformations are observed for Gloeobacter violaceus FFTR (GvFFTR) and isoform 2 of Clostridium acetobutylicum FFTR (CaFFTR2). Nonetheless, different relative dispositions of the redox-active disulfide and FAD-binding domains are detected for FR homodimers, indicating a dynamic disposition of disulfide domains regarding the central protein core in solution. This study also shows that AFM can detect morphological changes upon the interaction of FFTRs with their protein partners. In conclusion, this study paves way for using AFM to provide complementary insight into the FFTR catalytic cycle at pseudo-physiological conditions. However, future approaches for imaging of FO conformations will require technical developments with the capability of maintaining the FAD-reduced state within the protein during AFM scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.); (G.A.F.)
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gifty Animwaa Frempong
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Mónica Balsera
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (GBsC-CSIC Joint Unit), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.L.); Tel.: +34-97-676-2476 (M.M.); +34-87-655-5357 (A.L.)
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.M.); (G.A.F.)
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.L.); Tel.: +34-97-676-2476 (M.M.); +34-87-655-5357 (A.L.)
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5
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Thakur A, Xu C, Li WK, Qiu G, He B, Ng SP, Wu CML, Lee Y. In vivo liquid biopsy for glioblastoma malignancy by the AFM and LSPR based sensing of exosomal CD44 and CD133 in a mouse model. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 191:113476. [PMID: 34246124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the fatal brain tumor in which secreted lactate enhances the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and the release of exosomes, cell-derived nanovesicles (30-200 nm), and therefore promotes tumor malignant progression. This study found that lactate-driven upregulated CD44 in malignant Glioblastoma cells (GMs) enhanced the release of CD44-enriched exosomes which increased GMs' migration and endothelial cells' tube formation, and CD44 in the secreted exosomes was sensitively detected by "capture and sensing" Titanium Nitride (TiN) - Nanoholes (NH) - discs immunocapture (TIC) - atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultrasensitive TiN-NH-localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors. The limit of detection for exosomal CD44 with TIC-AFM- and TiN-NH-LSPR-biosensors was 5.29 × 10-1 μg/ml and 3.46 × 10-3 μg/ml in exosome concentration, respectively. Importantly, this work first found that label-free sensitive TiN-NH-LSPR biosensor could detect and quantify enhanced CD44 and CD133 levels in immunocaptured GMs-derived exosomes in the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid of a mouse model of GBM, supporting its potential application in a minimally invasive molecular diagnostic for GBM progression as liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China
| | - Wing Kar Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Bing He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China
| | - Siu-Pang Ng
- Rafael Biotechnology Company Ltd., SAR, China
| | - Chi-Man Lawrence Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China.
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, China.
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6
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Li M, Xi N, Liu L. Peak force tapping atomic force microscopy for advancing cell and molecular biology. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8358-8375. [PMID: 33913463 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an exciting tool to detect molecular and cellular behaviors under aqueous conditions. AFM is able to not only visualize the surface topography of the specimens, but also can quantify the mechanical properties of the specimens by force spectroscopy assay. Nevertheless, integrating AFM topographic imaging with force spectroscopy assay has long been limited due to the low spatiotemporal resolution. In recent years, the appearance of a new AFM imaging mode called peak force tapping (PFT) has shattered this limit. PFT allows AFM to simultaneously acquire the topography and mechanical properties of biological samples with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The practical applications of PFT in the field of life sciences in the past decade have demonstrated the excellent capabilities of PFT in characterizing the fine structures and mechanics of living biological systems in their native states, offering novel possibilities to reveal the underlying mechanisms guiding physiological/pathological activities. In this paper, the recent progress in cell and molecular biology that has been made with the utilization of PFT is summarized, and future perspectives for further progression and biomedical applications of PFT are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China and Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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7
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Ho TM, Abik F, Mikkonen KS. An overview of nanoemulsion characterization via atomic force microscopy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4908-4928. [PMID: 33543990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsion-based systems are widely applied in food industries for protecting active ingredients against oxidation and degradation and controlling the release rate of active core ingredients under particular conditions. Visualizing the interface morphology and measuring the interfacial interaction forces of nanoemulsion droplets are essential to tailor and design intelligent nanoemulsion-based systems. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is being established as an important technique for interface characterization, due to its unique advantages over traditional imaging and surface force-determining approaches. However, there is a gap in knowledge about the applicability of AFM in characterizing the droplet interface properties of nanoemulsions. This review aims to describe the fundamentals of the AFM technique and nanoemulsions, mainly focusing on the recent use of AFM to investigate nanoemulsion properties. In addition, by reviewing interfacial studies on emulsions in general, perspectives for the further development of AFM to study nanoemulsions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Minh Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Felix Abik
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Has
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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9
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Rázquin-Olazarán I, Shahrour H, Martínez-de-Tejada G. A synthetic peptide sensitizes multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics for more than two hours and permeabilizes its envelope for twenty hours. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:85. [PMID: 32762680 PMCID: PMC7412836 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that frequently causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. We previously showed that subinhibitory concentrations of short synthetic peptides permeabilize P. aeruginosa and enhance the lethal action of co-administered antibiotics. METHODS Long-term permeabilization caused by exposure of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains to peptide P4-9 was investigated by measuring the uptake of several antibiotics and fluorescent probes and by using confocal imaging and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrated that P4-9, a 13-amino acid peptide, induces a growth delay (i.e. post-antibiotic effect) of 1.3 h on a multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolate. Remarkably, when an independently P4-9-treated culture was allowed to grow in the absence of the peptide, cells remained sensitive to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics such as ceftazidime, fosfomycin and erythromycin for at least 2 h. We designated this persistent sensitization to antibiotics occurring in the absence of the sensitizing agent as Post-Antibiotic Effect associated Permeabilization (PAEP). Using atomic force microscopy, we showed that exposure to P4-9 induces profound alterations on the bacterial surface and that treated cells need at least 2 h of growth to repair those lesions. During PAEP, P. aeruginosa mutants overexpressing either the efflux pump MexAB-OprM system or the AmpC β-lactamase were rendered sensitive to antibiotics that are known substrates of those mechanisms of resistance. Finally, we showed for the first time that the descendants of bacteria surviving exposure to a membrane disturbing peptide retain a significant level of permeability to hydrophobic compounds, including propidium iodide, even after 20 h of growth in the absence of the peptide. CONCLUSIONS The phenomenon of long-term sensitization to antibiotics shown here may have important therapeutic implications for a combined peptide-antibiotic treatment because the peptide would not need to be present to exert its antibiotic enhancing activity as long as the target organism retains sensitization to the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosu Rázquin-Olazarán
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hawraa Shahrour
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Guillermo Martínez-de-Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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10
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Covalent Protein Immobilization onto Muscovite Mica Surface with a Photocrosslinker. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Muscovite mica with an amino silane-modified surface is commonly used as a substrate in atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of biological macromolecules. Herein, the efficiency of two different protein immobilization strategies employing either (N-hydroxysuccinimide ester)-based crosslinker (DSP) or benzophenone-based photoactivatable crosslinker (SuccBB) has been compared using AFM and mass spectrometry analysis. Two proteins with different physicochemical properties—human serum albumin (HSA) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme protein (HRP)—have been used as model objects in the study. In the case of HRP, both crosslinkers exhibited high immobilization efficiency—as opposed to the case with HSA, when sufficient capturing efficiency has only been observed with SuccBB photocrosslinker. The results obtained herein can find their application in commonly employed bioanalytical systems and in the development of novel highly sensitive chip-based diagnostic platforms employing immobilized proteins. The obtained data can also be of interest for other research areas in medicine and biotechnology employing immobilized biomolecules.
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Oh J, Ryu JS, Lee M, Jung J, Han S, Chung HJ, Park Y. Three-dimensional label-free observation of individual bacteria upon antibiotic treatment using optical diffraction tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1257-1267. [PMID: 32206407 PMCID: PMC7075604 DOI: 10.1364/boe.377740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Measuring alterations in bacteria upon antibiotic application is important for basic studies in microbiology, drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, and disease treatment. However, imaging and 3D time-lapse response analysis of individual bacteria upon antibiotic application remain largely unexplored mainly due to limitations in imaging techniques. Here, we present a method to systematically investigate the alterations in individual bacteria in 3D and quantitatively analyze the effects of antibiotics. Using optical diffraction tomography, in-situ responses of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to various concentrations of ampicillin were investigated in a label-free and quantitative manner. The presented method reconstructs the dynamic changes in the 3D refractive-index distributions of living bacteria in response to antibiotics at sub-micrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jea Sung Ryu
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Moosung Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaehwang Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Current Affiliation: Mechatronics R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung 18448, South Korea
| | - SeungYun Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Chung
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yongkeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon 34051, South Korea
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Pralea IE, Moldovan RC, Petrache AM, Ilieș M, Hegheș SC, Ielciu I, Nicoară R, Moldovan M, Ene M, Radu M, Uifălean A, Iuga CA. From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3943. [PMID: 31412656 PMCID: PMC6719904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generic term "melanin" describes a black pigment of biological origin, although some melanins can be brown or even yellow. The pigment is characterized as a heterogenic polymer of phenolic or indolic nature, and the classification of eu-, pheo- and allo- melanin is broadly accepted. This classification is based on the chemical composition of the monomer subunit structure of the pigment. Due to the high heterogeneity of melanins, their analytical characterization can be a challenging task. In the present work, we synthesized the current information about the analytical methods which can be applied in melanin analysis workflow, from extraction and purification to high-throughput methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass-spectrometry or pyrolysis gas chromatography. Our thorough comparative evaluation of analytical data published so far on melanin analysis has proven to be a difficult task in terms of finding equivalent results, even when the same matrix was used. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of prior knowledge of melanin types and properties in order to select a valid experimental design using analytical methods that are able to deliver reliable results and draw consistent conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Ecaterina Pralea
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu-Cristian Moldovan
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Maria Petrache
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ilieș
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruța Hegheș
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raul Nicoară
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Moldovan
- Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ion Creangă Street 12, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, , Romania
| | - Mihaela Ene
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- MedFuture - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4-6, Gh. Marinescu Street 23, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 6, 400349Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Donhauser ZJ, Appadoo V, Kliman EJ, Jobs WB, Sheffield EC. Structural Changes in Tubulin Sheets Caused by Immobilization on Solid Supports. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18196-18202. [PMID: 30613819 PMCID: PMC6312633 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of zinc, the protein tubulin assembles into two-dimensional sheets that are a useful model system for the study of both tubulin and microtubule structure. Tubulin sheets present an ideal protein structure for study with atomic force microscopy because they contain a two-dimensional crystalline protein lattice and retain many of the structural features of tubulin and microtubules. However, high-resolution imaging requires nonperturbative immobilization onto an appropriate imaging substrate. In this report, several substrates commonly used for scanning probe microscopy are evaluated for their ability to effectively immobilize tubulin sheets: mica, gold, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, and carbon-coated electron microscopy grids. We hypothesize that the different intermolecular interactions presented by these substrates will affect the morphology of adsorbed tubulin sheets as well as the amount of other contaminating adsorbates. Tubulin sheets were successfully imaged on all of these substrates and structural characterization is reported. The most consistent results were obtained on carbon-coated electron microscopy grids, which preserved fine structural features of the sheets and had the least amount of contamination from the adsorption of unpolymerized tubulin. Images of tubulin sheets obtained with atomic force microscopy also compare favorably with published electron micrographs of sheets produced using similar procedures. This work demonstrates the importance of assessing substrate effects when studying two-dimensional protein crystals and identifies suitable substrates for immobilizing tubulin sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elysa J. Kliman
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
| | - William B. Jobs
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
| | - Evan C. Sheffield
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, United States
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Ruggeri FS, Charmet J, Kartanas T, Peter Q, Chia S, Habchi J, Dobson CM, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ. Microfluidic deposition for resolving single-molecule protein architecture and heterogeneity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3890. [PMID: 30250131 PMCID: PMC6155325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy provides a unique window into the morphology, mechanics, and structure of proteins and their complexes on the nanoscale. Such measurements require, however, deposition of samples onto substrates. This process can affect conformations and assembly states of the molecular species under investigation and can bias the molecular populations observed in heterogeneous samples through differential adsorption. Here, we show that these limitations can be overcome with a single-step microfluidic spray deposition platform. This method transfers biological solutions to substrates as microdroplets with subpicoliter volume, drying in milliseconds, a timescale that is shorter than typical diffusion times of proteins on liquid–solid interfaces, thus avoiding surface mass transport and change to the assembly state. Finally, the single-step deposition ensures the attachment of the full molecular content of the sample to the substrate, allowing quantitative measurements of different molecular populations within heterogeneous systems, including protein aggregates. Manual sample deposition on a substrate can introduce artifacts in quantitative AFM measurements. Here the authors present a microfluidic spray device for reliable deposition of subpicoliter droplets which dry out in milliseconds after landing on the surface, thereby avoiding protein self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Charmet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Tadas Kartanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Quentin Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sean Chia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Johnny Habchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. .,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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16
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Li J, Zheng C, Liu B, Chou T, Kim Y, Qiu S, Li J, Yan W, Fu J. Controlled graphene encapsulation: a nanoscale shield for characterising single bacterial cells in liquid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:365705. [PMID: 29889049 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacba7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution single-cell imaging in their native or near-native state has received considerable interest for decades. In this research, we present an innovative approach that can be employed to study both morphological and nano-mechanical properties of hydrated single bacterial cells. The proposed strategy is to encapsulate wet cells with monolayer graphene with a newly developed water membrane approach, followed by imaging with both electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A computational framework was developed to provide additional insights, with the detailed nanoindentation process on graphene modelled based on the finite element method. The model was first validated by calibration with polymer materials of known properties, and the contribution of graphene was then studied and corrected to determine the actual moduli of the encapsulated hydrated sample. Application of the proposed approach was performed on hydrated bacterial cells (Klebsiella pneumoniae) to correlate the structural and mechanical information. EM and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy imaging confirmed that the cells in their near-native stage can be studied inside the miniaturised environment enabled with graphene encapsulation. The actual moduli of the encapsulated hydrated cells were determined based on the developed computational model in parallel, with results comparable with those acquired with wet AFM. It is expected that the successful establishment of controlled graphene encapsulation offers a new route for probing liquid/live cells with scanning probe microscopy, as well as correlative imaging of hydrated samples for both biological and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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17
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Martinez-Rivas A, González-Quijano GK, Proa-Coronado S, Séverac C, Dague E. Methods of Micropatterning and Manipulation of Cells for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E347. [PMID: 30400538 PMCID: PMC6187909 DOI: 10.3390/mi8120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Micropatterning and manipulation of mammalian and bacterial cells are important in biomedical studies to perform in vitro assays and to evaluate biochemical processes accurately, establishing the basis for implementing biomedical microelectromechanical systems (bioMEMS), point-of-care (POC) devices, or organs-on-chips (OOC), which impact on neurological, oncological, dermatologic, or tissue engineering issues as part of personalized medicine. Cell patterning represents a crucial step in fundamental and applied biological studies in vitro, hence today there are a myriad of materials and techniques that allow one to immobilize and manipulate cells, imitating the 3D in vivo milieu. This review focuses on current physical cell patterning, plus chemical and a combination of them both that utilizes different materials and cutting-edge micro-nanofabrication methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martinez-Rivas
- CIC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz S/N, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Génesis K González-Quijano
- CONACYT-CNMN, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Luis Enrique Erro s/n, Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Proa-Coronado
- ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Unidad Adolfo López Mateos, 07738 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Etienne Dague
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
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18
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Bahri A, Martin M, Gergely C, Pugnière M, Chevalier-Lucia D, Marchesseau S. Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Topography and Nanomechanics of Casein Micelles Captured by an Antibody. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4720-4728. [PMID: 28481103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Casein micelles (CMs) are colloidal phospho-protein-mineral complexes naturally present in milk. This study used atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a liquid environment to evaluate the topography and nanomechanics of single native CMs immobilized by a novel capture method. The proposed immobilization method involves weak interactions with the antiphospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr monoclonal antibody covalently bound to a carboxylic acid self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. This capture strategy was compared to the commonly used covalent immobilization method of CMs via carbodiimide chemistry. With this conventional method, CMs remained mainly mobile during AFM measurements in liquid, disturbing the evaluation of their average size and elastic properties. Conversely, when captured by the specific antibody, they were successfully immobilized and their integrity was preserved during the AFM measurement. The characterization of both CM topography and elastic properties was carried out in a liquid ionic environment at native pH 6.6. The CMs' capture efficiency via antibody was concurrently proved by surface plasmon resonance. The calculation of casein micelles' width, height, and contact angle was carried out from the recorded 2D AFM images. CMs were characterized by a mean width of 148 ± 8 nm and a mean height of 42 ± 1 nm. Weak forces were applied to single captured CMs. The obtained force versus indentation curves were fitted using the Hertz model in order to evaluate their elastic properties. The elasticity distribution of native CMs exhibited a unimodal trend with a peak centered at 269 ± 14 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Bahri
- Université de Montpellier , UMR IATE, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Marta Martin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier , UMR 5221-CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Csilla Gergely
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier , UMR 5221-CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- IRCM-CRLC Val d'Aurelle - INSERM U896, F-34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Sylvie Marchesseau
- Université de Montpellier , UMR IATE, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Ricardo KB, Xu A, Salim M, Zhou F, Liu H. Deposition of DNA Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3991-3997. [PMID: 28406032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the deposition of DNA origami nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The DNA origami goes through a structural rearrangement and the DNA base is exposed to interact with the graphite surface. Exposure to ambient air, which is known to result in a hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic wetting transition of HOPG, does not significantly impact the deposition yield or the shape deformation of DNA nanostructures. The deposited DNA nanostructures maintain their morphology for at least a week and promote site-selective chemical vapor deposition of SiO2. This process is potentially useful for a range of applications that include but are not limited to nanostructure fabrication, sensing, and electronic and surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Ricardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Anqin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Muhammad Salim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Nyame Mendendy Boussambe G, Valentin R, Fabre JF, Navailles L, Nallet F, Gaillard C, Mouloungui Z. Self-Assembling Behavior of Glycerol Monoundecenoate in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3223-3233. [PMID: 28291357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembling properties of glycerol esters in water are well known. Still, few data on glycerol monoesters of undecylenic acid are available. The aim of this study was to highlight the behavior of glycerol monoundecenoate (GM-C11:1) in different diluted and concentrated states. Its self-assembling properties in water and upon solid inorganic surfaces were investigated in the diluted state using surface tension experiments, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy studies. In the concentrated state, the gelling properties in the presence of water were investigated using polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. GM-C11:1 at 100 mg/L self-assembles at the liquid/air interfaces as aggregates of approximately 20 nm in diameter, organized into concentric forms. These aggregates are spherical globules composed of several molecules of GM-C11:1. At higher concentrations (1000 and 104 mg/L), GM-C11:1 is able to uniformly coat liquid/air and liquid/solid interfaces. In bulk, GM-C11:1 forms spontaneously aggregates and vesicles. In a more concentrated state, GM-C11:1 assembles into lamellar Lβ and Lα forms in water. By cross-referencing SAXS and DSC findings, we were able to distinguish between interlamellar water molecules strongly bound to GM-C11:1 and other molecules remaining unbound and considered to be "mobile" water. The percentage of water strongly bound was proportional to the percentage of GM-C11:1 in the system. In this case, GM-C11:1 appears to be an effective molecule for surface treatments for which water retention is important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Valentin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT , 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Fabre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT , 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Navailles
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Nallet
- Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux , 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Cédric Gaillard
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions et Assemblages, INRA , rue de la Géraudière, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Zéphirin Mouloungui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT , 31030 Toulouse, France
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21
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Costa L, Andriatis A, Brennich M, Teulon JM, Chen SWW, Pellequer JL, Round A. Combined small angle X-ray solution scattering with atomic force microscopy for characterizing radiation damage on biological macromolecules. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:18. [PMID: 27788689 PMCID: PMC5081678 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchrotron radiation facilities are pillars of modern structural biology. Small-Angle X-ray scattering performed at synchrotron sources is often used to characterize the shape of biological macromolecules. A major challenge with high-energy X-ray beam on such macromolecules is the perturbation of sample due to radiation damage. RESULTS By employing atomic force microscopy, another common technique to determine the shape of biological macromolecules when deposited on flat substrates, we present a protocol to evaluate and characterize consequences of radiation damage. It requires the acquisition of images of irradiated samples at the single molecule level in a timely manner while using minimal amounts of protein. The protocol has been tested on two different molecular systems: a large globular tetremeric enzyme (β-Amylase) and a rod-shape plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus). Radiation damage on the globular enzyme leads to an apparent increase in molecular sizes whereas the effect on the long virus is a breakage into smaller pieces resulting in a decrease of the average long-axis radius. CONCLUSIONS These results show that radiation damage can appear in different forms and strongly support the need to check the effect of radiation damage at synchrotron sources using the presented protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Costa
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000 France
- Present Address: CBS, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048-INSERM UMR 1054, 29, Rue de Navacelles, Montpellier, 34090 France
| | - Alexander Andriatis
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000 France
- MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, 02139 MA USA
| | - Martha Brennich
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000 France
| | - Jean-Marie Teulon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CNRS, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CEA, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Shu-wen W. Chen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CNRS, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CEA, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellequer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CNRS, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38044 France
- CEA, IBS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Adam Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000 France
- Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000 France
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire UK
- Present Address: European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld, 22869 Germany
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22
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Sahai S, Wilkerson M, Zaske AM, Olson SD, Cox CS, Triolo F. A cost-effective method to immobilize hydrated soft-tissue samples for atomic force microscopy. Biotechniques 2016; 61:206-209. [PMID: 27712584 DOI: 10.2144/000114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilizing hydrated soft tissue specimens for atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a challenge. Here, we describe a simple and very cost-effective immobilization method, based on the use of transglutaminase in an aqueous environment, and successfully apply it to AFM characterization of human native Wharton's Jelly (nWJ), the gelatinous connective tissue matrix of the umbilical cord. A side-by-side comparison with a widely used polyphenolic protein-based tissue adhesive (Corning Cell-Tak), which is known to bind strongly to virtually all inorganic and organic surfaces in aqueous environments, shows that both adhesives successfully immobilize nWJ in its physological hydrated state. The cost of transglutaminase, however, is over 3000-fold lower than that of Cell-Tak, making it a very attractive method for immobilizing soft tissues for AFM characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchit Sahai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Marysuna Wilkerson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ana Maria Zaske
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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23
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Maver U, Velnar T, Gaberšček M, Planinšek O, Finšgar M. Recent progressive use of atomic force microscopy in biomedical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Smolyakov G, Formosa-Dague C, Severac C, Duval R, Dague E. High speed indentation measures by FV, QI and QNM introduce a new understanding of bionanomechanical experiments. Micron 2016; 85:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Hammami M, Soussou A, Idoudi F, Cohen-Bouhacina T, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Baccar ZM. Development of an Immunosensor Based on Layered Double Hydroxides for MMR Cancer Biomarker Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:688-93. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2462025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Lobo J, See EYS, Biggs M, Pandit A. An insight into morphometric descriptors of cell shape that pertain to regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 10:539-53. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lobo
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Eugene Yong-Shun See
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Manus Biggs
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB); National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
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27
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Gautier HO, Thompson AJ, Achouri S, Koser DE, Holtzmann K, Moeendarbary E, Franze K. Atomic force microscopy-based force measurements on animal cells and tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 125:211-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Jauvert E, Palleau E, Dague E, Ressier L. Directed assembly of living Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria on PEI patterns generated by nanoxerography for statistical AFM bioexperiments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21230-21236. [PMID: 25434422 DOI: 10.1021/am506241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of living micro-organisms on predefined areas of substrates is a prerequisite for their characterizations by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in culture media. It remains challenging since micro-organisms should not be denatured but attached strongly enough to be scanned with an AFM tip, in a liquid phase. In this work, a novel approach is proposed to electrostatically assemble biological objects of interest on 2 nm thick polyethylenimine (PEI) patterns fabricated by nanoxerography. This nanoxerography process involves electrostatic trapping of PEI chains on negatively charged patterns written on electret thin films by AFM or electrical microcontact printing. The capability of this approach is demonstrated using a common biological system, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. These negatively charged bacteria are selectively assembled on large scale arrays of PEI patterns. In contrast to other PEI continuous films commonly used for cell anchoring, these ultrathin PEI patterns strongly attached on the surface do not cause any denaturation of the assembled Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. AFM characterizations of large populations of individual living bacteria in culture media can thus be easily performed through this approach, providing the opportunity to perform representative statistical data analysis. Interestingly, this process may be extended to any negatively charged micro-organism in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jauvert
- Université de Toulouse , LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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29
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Cervantes NAG, Gutiérrez-Medina B. Robust deposition of lambda DNA on mica for imaging by AFM in air. SCANNING 2014; 36:561-569. [PMID: 25195672 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long DNA molecules remain difficult to image by atomic force microscopy (AFM) because of their tendency to entanglement and spontaneous formation of networks. We present a comparison of two different DNA deposition methods operating at room temperature and humidity conditions, aimed at reproducible imaging of isolated and relaxed λ DNA conformations by AFM in air. We first demonstrate that a standard deposition procedure, consisting in adsorption of DNA in the presence of divalent cations followed by washing and air-drying steps, yields a coexistence of different types of λ DNA networks with a only a few isolated DNA chains. In contrast, deposition using a spin-coating-based technique results in reproducible coverage of a significant fraction of the substrate area by isolated and relaxed λ DNA molecules, with the added benefit of a reduction in the effect of a residual layer that normally embeds DNA strands and leads to an apparent DNA height closer to the expected value. Furthermore, we show that deposition by spin-coating is also well-suited to visualize DNA-protein complexes. These results indicate that spin-coating is a simple, powerful alternative for reproducible sample preparation for AFM imaging.
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30
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Lamprecht C, Hinterdorfer P, Ebner A. Applications of biosensing atomic force microscopy in monitoring drug and nanoparticle delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1237-53. [PMID: 24809228 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.917078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapeutic effects of medicinal drugs not only depend on their properties, but also on effective transport to the target receptor. Here we highlight recent developments in this discipline and show applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) that enable us to track the effects of drugs and the effectiveness of nanoparticle delivery at the single molecule level. AREAS COVERED Physiological AFM imaging enables visualization of topographical changes to cells as a result of drug exposure and allows observation of cellular responses that yield morphological changes. When we upgrade the regular measuring tip to a molecular biosensor, it enables investigation of functional changes at the molecular level via single molecule force spectroscopy. EXPERT OPINION Biosensing AFM techniques have generated powerful tools to monitor drug delivery in (living) cells. While technical developments in actual AFM methods have simplified measurements at relevant physiological conditions, understanding both the biological and technical background is still a crucial factor. However, due to its potential impact, we expect the number of application-based biosensing AFM techniques to further increase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Lamprecht
- University of Kiel, Institute of Materials Science Biocompatible Nanomaterials , Kaiserstr.2, 24143 Kiel , Germany
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31
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Costa L, Rodrigues MS, Newman E, Zubieta C, Chevrier J, Comin F. Imaging material properties of biological samples with a force feedback microscope. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:689-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Costa
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 220 38043 Grenoble, CEDEX France
- Université Joseph Fourier BP 53; 38041 Grenoble, CEDEX 9 France
| | - Mario S Rodrigues
- CFMC/Dep. Fisica, Faculdade de Ciências; Universidade de Lisboa; Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Emily Newman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory; 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 181 38041 Grenoble, CEDEX 9 France
| | - Chloe Zubieta
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 220 38043 Grenoble, CEDEX France
| | - Joёl Chevrier
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 220 38043 Grenoble, CEDEX France
- Université Joseph Fourier BP 53; 38041 Grenoble, CEDEX 9 France
- Institut Néel CNRS BP 166; 38042 Grenoble, CEDEX 9 France
| | - Fabio Comin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; 6 rue Jules Horowitz BP 220 38043 Grenoble, CEDEX France
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Raigoza AF, Dugger JW, Webb LJ. Review: recent advances and current challenges in scanning probe microscopy of biomolecular surfaces and interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:9249-9261. [PMID: 23848270 DOI: 10.1021/am4018048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques revolutionized the field of condensed matter science by allowing researchers to probe the structure and composition of materials on an atomic scale. Although these methods have been used to make molecular- and atomic-scale measurements on biological systems with some success, the biophysical sciences remain on the cusp of a breakthrough with SPM technologies similar in magnitude to that experienced by fields related to solid-state surfaces and interfaces. Numerous challenges arise when attempting to connect biological molecules that are often delicate, dynamic, and complex with the experimental requirements of SPM techniques. However, there are a growing number of studies in which SPM has been successfully used to achieve subnanometer resolution measurements in biological systems where carefully designed and prepared samples have been paired with appropriate SPM techniques. We review significant recent innovations in applying SPM techniques to biological molecules, and highlight challenges that face researchers attempting to gain atomic- and molecular-level information of complex biomolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F Raigoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Francois JM, Formosa C, Schiavone M, Pillet F, Martin-Yken H, Dague E. Use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore cell wall properties and response to stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2013; 59:187-96. [PMID: 24071902 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-013-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the yeast cell wall has been thoroughly investigated by genetic and biochemical methods, leading to remarkable advances in the understanding of its biogenesis and molecular architecture as well as to the mechanisms by which this organelle is remodeled in response to environmental stresses. Being a dynamic structure that constitutes the frontier between the cell interior and its immediate surroundings, imaging cell surface, measuring mechanical properties of cell wall or probing cell surface proteins for localization or interaction with external biomolecules are among the most burning questions that biologists wished to address in order to better understand the structure-function relationships of yeast cell wall in adhesion, flocculation, aggregation, biofilm formation, interaction with antifungal drugs or toxins, as well as response to environmental stresses, such as temperature changes, osmotic pressure, shearing stress, etc. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) is nowadays the most qualified and developed technique that offers the possibilities to address these questions since it allows working directly on living cells to explore and manipulate cell surface properties at nanometer resolution and to analyze cell wall proteins at the single molecule level. In this minireview, we will summarize the most recent contributions made by AFM in the analysis of the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the yeast cell wall and illustrate the power of this tool to unravel unexpected effects caused by environmental stresses and antifungal agents on the surface of living yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Francois
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France,
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Li M, Liu L, Xi N, Wang Y, Dong Z, Xiao X, Zhang W. Progress of AFM single-cell and single-molecule morphology imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Whited AM, Park PSH. Atomic force microscopy: a multifaceted tool to study membrane proteins and their interactions with ligands. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:56-68. [PMID: 23603221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are embedded in lipid bilayers and facilitate the communication between the external environment and the interior of the cell. This communication is often mediated by the binding of ligands to the membrane protein. Understanding the nature of the interaction between a ligand and a membrane protein is required to both understand the mechanism of action of these proteins and for the development of novel pharmacological drugs. The highly hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins and the requirement of a lipid bilayer for native function have hampered the structural and molecular characterizations of these proteins under physiologically relevant conditions. Atomic force microscopy offers a solution to studying membrane proteins and their interactions with ligands under physiologically relevant conditions and can provide novel insights about the nature of these critical molecular interactions that facilitate cellular communication. In this review, we provide an overview of the atomic force microscopy technique and discuss its application in the study of a variety of questions related to the interaction between a membrane protein and a ligand. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Structural and biophysical characterization of membrane protein-ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Whited
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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36
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Formosa C, Grare M, Jauvert E, Coutable A, Regnouf-de-Vains JB, Mourer M, Duval RE, Dague E. Nanoscale analysis of the effects of antibiotics and CX1 on a Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant strain. Sci Rep 2012; 2:575. [PMID: 22893853 PMCID: PMC3418629 DOI: 10.1038/srep00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a challenge that can be addressed using nanotechnology. We focused on the resistance of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and investigated, using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the behavior of a reference strain and of a multidrug resistant clinical strain, submitted to two antibiotics and to an innovative antibacterial drug (CX1). We measured the morphology, surface roughness and elasticity of the bacteria under physiological conditions and exposed to the antibacterial molecules. To go further in the molecules action mechanism, we explored the bacterial cell wall nanoscale organization using functionalized AFM tips. We have demonstrated that affected cells have a molecularly disorganized cell wall; surprisingly long molecules being pulled off from the cell wall by a lectin probe. Finally, we have elucidated the mechanism of action of CX1: it destroys the outer membrane of the bacteria as demonstrated by the results on artificial phospholipidic membranes and on the resistant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Formosa
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Analyse et d’Architecture des Systèmes-LAAS, Toulouse, France
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Formosa C, Grare M, Duval RE, Dague E. Nanoscale effects of antibiotics on P. aeruginosa. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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38
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Detecting CD20-Rituximab interaction forces using AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Dague E, Jauvert E, Laplatine L, Viallet B, Thibault C, Ressier L. Assembly of live micro-organisms on microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for AFM bio-experiments. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:395102. [PMID: 21891839 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/39/395102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of live micro-organisms on solid substrates is an important prerequisite for atomic force microscopy (AFM) bio-experiments. The method employed must immobilize the cells firmly enough to enable them to withstand the lateral friction forces exerted by the tip during scanning but without denaturing the cell interface. In this work, a generic method for the assembly of living cells on specific areas of substrates is proposed. It consists in assembling the living cells within the patterns of microstructured, functionalized poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps using convective/capillary deposition. This versatile approach is validated by applying it to two systems of foremost importance in biotechnology and medicine: Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores. We show that this method allows multiplexing AFM nanomechanical measurements by force spectroscopy on S. cerevisiae yeasts and high-resolution AFM imaging of germinated Aspergillus conidia in buffer medium. These two examples clearly demonstrate the immense potential of micro-organism assembly on functionalized, microstructured PDMS stamps by convective/capillary deposition for performing rigorous AFM bio-experiments on living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dague
- CNRS, LAAS, Toulouse, France.
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40
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Hu Y, Ulstrup J, Zhang J, Molin S, Dupres V. Adhesive properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis probed by atomic force microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9995-10003. [PMID: 21350761 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mapping of the surface properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis and of biofilm forming bacteria in general is a key to understand their functions, particularly their adhesive properties. To gain a comprehensive view of the structural and chemical properties of S. epidermidis, four different strains (biofilm positive and biofilm negative strains) were analyzed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Force measurements performed using bare hydrophilic silicon nitride tips disclosed similar adhesive properties for each strain. However, use of hydrophobic tips showed that hydrophobic forces are not the driving forces for adhesion of the four strains. Rather, the observation of sawtooth force-distance patterns on the surface of biofilm positive strains documents the presence of modular proteins such as Aap that may mediate cell adhesion. Treatment of two biofilm positive strains with two chemical inhibitor compounds leads to a loss of adhesion, suggesting that AFM could be a valuable tool to screen for anti-adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, DTU Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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41
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Morandat S, El Kirat K. Cytochrome c provokes the weakening of zwitterionic membranes as measured by force spectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Imaging and measuring the rituximab-induced changes of mechanical properties in B-lymphoma cells using atomic force microscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 404:689-94. [PMID: 21156157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The topography and mechanical properties of single B-lymphoma cells have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). With the assistance of microfabricated patterned pillars, the surface topography and ultrastructure of single living B-lymphoma cell were visualized by AFM. The apoptosis of B-lymphoma cells induced by rituximab alone was observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double fluorescent staining. The rituximab-induced changes of mechanical properties in B-lymphoma cells were measured dynamically and the results showed that B-lymphoma cells became dramatically softer after incubation with rituximab. These results can improve our understanding of rituximab'effect and will facilitate the further investigation of the underlying mechanisms.
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Jung SH, Park D, Park JH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Molecular imaging of membrane proteins and microfilaments using atomic force microscopy. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:597-605. [PMID: 20689364 PMCID: PMC2947017 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.9.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an emerging technique for a variety of uses involving the analysis of cells. AFM is widely applied to obtain information about both cellular structural and subcellular events. In particular, a variety of investigations into membrane proteins and microfilaments were performed with AFM. Here, we introduce applications of AFM to molecular imaging of membrane proteins, and various approaches for observation and identification of intracellular microfilaments at the molecular level. These approaches can contribute to many applications of AFM in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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44
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Santa-Maria M, Jeoh T. Molecular-Scale Investigations of Cellulose Microstructure during Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2000-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Santa-Maria
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Tina Jeoh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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45
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Humidity-dependent bacterial cells functional morphometry investigations using atomic force microscope. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2010:704170. [PMID: 20652040 PMCID: PMC2905907 DOI: 10.1155/2010/704170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a relative humidity (RH) in a range of 93–65% on morphological and elastic properties of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli cells was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. It is shown that gradual dehumidification of bacteria environment has no significant effect on cell dimensional features and considerably decreases them only at 65% RH. The increasing of the bacteria cell wall roughness and elasticity occurs at the same time. Observed changes indicate that morphological properties of B. cereus are rather stable in wide range of relative humidity, whereas E. coli are more sensitive to drying, significantly increasing roughness and stiffness parameters at RH ≤ 84% RH. It is discussed the dependence of the response features on differences in cell wall structure of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells.
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Kao CL, Tai LK, Chiou SH, Chen YJ, Lee KH, Chou SJ, Chang YL, Chang CM, Chen SJ, Ku HH, Li HY. Resveratrol promotes osteogenic differentiation and protects against dexamethasone damage in murine induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:247-58. [PMID: 19656070 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol antioxidant that has been shown to facilitate osteogenic differentiation. A recent breakthrough has demonstrated that ectopic expression of four genes is sufficient to reprogram murine and human fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. However, the roles of resveratrol in the differentiation and cytoprotection of iPS cells have never been studied. In this study, we showed that, in addition to cardiac cells, neuron-like cells, and adipocytes, mouse iPS cells could differentiate into osteocyte-like cells. Using atomic force microscopy that provided nanoscale resolution, we monitored mechanical properties of living iPS cells during osteogenic differentiation. The intensity of mineralization and stiffness in differentiating iPS significantly increased after 14 days of osteogenic induction. Furthermore, resveratrol was found to facilitate osteogenic differentiation in both iPS and embryonic stem cells, as shown by increased mineralization, up-regulation of osteogenic markers, and decreased elastic modulus. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in iPS cell-derived osteocyte-like cells was effectively prevented by pretreatment with resveratrol. Furthermore, resveratrol significantly increased manganese superoxide dismutase expression and intracellular glutathione level, thereby efficiently decreasing dexamethasone-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytotoxicity. Transplantation experiments using iPS cell-derived osteocyte-like cells further demonstrated that oral intake of resveratrol could up-regulate osteopontin expression and inhibit teratoma formation in vivo. In sum, resveratrol can facilitate differentiation of iPS cells into osteocyte-like cells, protect these iPS cell-derived osteocyte-like cells from glucocorticoid-induced oxidative damage, and decrease tumorigenicity of iPS cells. These findings implicate roles of resveratrol and iPS cells in the stem cell therapy of orthopedic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lan Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Peoples Republic of China.
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47
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Yamamoto D, Nagura N, Omote S, Taniguchi M, Ando T. Streptavidin 2D crystal substrates for visualizing biomolecular processes by atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 2010; 97:2358-67. [PMID: 19843468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flat substrate surfaces are a key to successful imaging of biological macromolecules by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although usable substrate surfaces have been prepared for still imaging of immobilized molecules, surfaces that are more suitable have recently been required for dynamic imaging to accompany the progress of the scan speed of AFM. In fact, the state-of-the-art high-speed AFM has achieved temporal resolution of 30 ms, a capacity allowing us to trace molecular processes played by biological macromolecules. Here, we characterize three types of streptavidin two-dimensional crystals as substrates, concerning their qualities of surface roughness, uniformity, stability, and resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. These crystal surfaces are commonly resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, but exhibit differences in other properties to some extent. These differences must be taken into consideration, but these crystal surfaces are still useful for dynamic AFM imaging, as demonstrated by observation of calcium-induced changes in calmodulin, GroES binding to GroEL, and actin polymerization on the surfaces.
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48
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Joshi KB, Venkatesh V, Verma S. Biotin interaction with human erythrocytes: contact on membrane surface and formation of self-assembled fibrous structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3890-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c001924k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
AFM (atomic force microscopy) analysis, both of fixed cells, and live cells in physiological environments, is set to offer a step change in the research of cellular function. With the ability to map cell topography and morphology, provide structural details of surface proteins and their expression patterns and to detect pico-Newton force interactions, AFM represents an exciting addition to the arsenal of the cell biologist. With the explosion of new applications, and the advent of combined instrumentation such as AFM-confocal systems, the biological application of AFM has come of age. The use of AFM in the area of biomedical research has been proposed for some time, and is one where a significant impact could be made. Fixed cell analysis provides qualitative and quantitative subcellular and surface data capable of revealing new biomarkers in medical pathologies. Image height and contrast, surface roughness, fractal, volume and force analysis provide a platform for the multiparameter analysis of cell and protein functions. Here, we review the current status of AFM in the field and discuss the important contribution AFM is poised to make in the understanding of biological systems.
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El Kirat K, Morandat S. Cytochrome c interaction with neutral lipid membranes: influence of lipid packing and protein charges. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 162:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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