1
|
Sanchez C, Ramirez A, Hodgson L. Unravelling molecular dynamics in living cells: Fluorescent protein biosensors for cell biology. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38357769 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded, fluorescent protein (FP)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors are microscopy imaging tools tailored for the precise monitoring and detection of molecular dynamics within subcellular microenvironments. They are characterised by their ability to provide an outstanding combination of spatial and temporal resolutions in live-cell microscopy. In this review, we begin by tracing back on the historical development of genetically encoded FP labelling for detection in live cells, which lead us to the development of early biosensors and finally to the engineering of single-chain FRET-based biosensors that have become the state-of-the-art today. Ultimately, this review delves into the fundamental principles of FRET and the design strategies underpinning FRET-based biosensors, discusses their diverse applications and addresses the distinct challenges associated with their implementation. We place particular emphasis on single-chain FRET biosensors for the Rho family of guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases), pointing to their historical role in driving our understanding of the molecular dynamics of this important class of signalling proteins and revealing the intricate relationships and regulatory mechanisms that comprise Rho GTPase biology in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colline Sanchez
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Wang P, Liao X, Yang B, Gao C, Yang J. A Series of Planar Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes as New Anticancer Theranostic Agents That Induce Oncosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13103-13115. [PMID: 37724909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, four planar cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with a main ligand of enlarged aromatic rings have been assessed as effective anticancer theranostic agents for the first time. With an increased number of aromatic rings in the N∧N ligand, 1a-1d exhibit increased lipophilicity and cytotoxicity selectivity. The intensity of the Pt-Pt interaction of each complex can be indicated by an enhanced near-infrared (NIR) emission in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), their binding activity with biomolecules of bovine serum albumin (BSA) is accompanied by a vivid turn-on green emission, and the intensity gradually decreased from 1a to 1d, which is consistent with the docking of two complexes with BSA. Both "turn-on" NIR and green emission of 1d can be mainly observed in nuclei of living cell within 24 h, while two phosphorescence traces of 1b were recorded in lysosomes by confocal imaging. Moreover, 1d shows the highest efficiency in inducing oncosis of Hela cells, and the relative process was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verma AK, Noumani A, Yadav AK, Solanki PR. FRET Based Biosensor: Principle Applications Recent Advances and Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081375. [PMID: 37189476 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors are being fabricated for specific detection of biomolecules or changes in the microenvironment. FRET is a non-radiative transfer of energy from an excited donor fluorophore molecule to a nearby acceptor fluorophore molecule. In a FRET-based biosensor, the donor and acceptor molecules are typically fluorescent proteins or fluorescent nanomaterials such as quantum dots (QDs) or small molecules that are engineered to be in close proximity to each other. When the biomolecule of interest is present, it can cause a change in the distance between the donor and acceptor, leading to a change in the efficiency of FRET and a corresponding change in the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor. This change in fluorescence can be used to detect and quantify the biomolecule of interest. FRET-based biosensors have a wide range of applications, including in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, and drug discovery. This review article provides a substantial approach on the FRET-based biosensor, principle, applications such as point-of-need diagnosis, wearable, single molecular FRET (smFRET), hard water, ions, pH, tissue-based sensors, immunosensors, and aptasensor. Recent advances such as artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) are used for this type of sensor and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar Verma
- Lab D NanoBiolab, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashab Noumani
- Lab D NanoBiolab, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amit K Yadav
- Lab D NanoBiolab, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Lab D NanoBiolab, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao J, Mewborne QT, Girdhar A, Sheth U, Coyne AN, Punathil R, Kang BG, Dasovich M, Veire A, Hernandez MD, Liu S, Shi Z, Dafinca R, Fouquerel E, Talbot K, Kam TI, Zhang YJ, Dickson D, Petrucelli L, van Blitterswijk M, Guo L, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, Leung AKL, Lloyd TE, Gendron TF, Rothstein JD, Zhang K. Poly(ADP-ribose) promotes toxicity of C9ORF72 arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabq3215. [PMID: 36103513 PMCID: PMC10359073 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs), abnormal translational products of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72, play a critical role in C9ORF72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the most common genetic form of the disorders (c9ALS/FTD). R-DPRs form liquid condensates in vitro, induce stress granule formation in cultured cells, aggregate, and sometimes coaggregate with TDP-43 in postmortem tissue from patients with c9ALS/FTD. However, how these processes are regulated is unclear. Here, we show that loss of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) suppresses neurodegeneration in c9ALS/FTD fly models and neurons differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Mechanistically, PAR induces R-DPR condensation and promotes R-DPR-induced stress granule formation and TDP-43 aggregation. Moreover, PAR associates with insoluble R-DPR and TDP-43 in postmortem tissue from patients. These findings identified PAR as a promoter of R-DPR toxicity and thus a potential target for treating c9ALS/FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Amandeep Girdhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Udit Sheth
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Coyne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ritika Punathil
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Bong Gu Kang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Morgan Dasovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Austin Veire
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Shuaichen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ruxandra Dafinca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tae-In Kam
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anthony K. L. Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tania F. Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Institute of Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518132, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Add and Go: FRET Acceptor for Live-Cell Measurements Modulated by Externally Provided Ligand. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084396. [PMID: 35457212 PMCID: PMC9026985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors rely on the changes in FRET efficiency between fluorescent cores, measured in ratiometric mode, with acceptor photobleaching or by changes in fluorescence lifetime. We report on a modulated FRET acceptor allowing for simplified one-channel FRET measurement based on a previously reported fluorogen-activating protein, DiB1. Upon the addition of the cell-permeable chromophore, the fluorescence of the donor-fluorescent protein mNeonGreen decreases, allowing for a simplified one-channel FRET measurement. The reported chemically modulated FRET acceptor is compatible with live-cell experiments and allows for prolonged time-lapse experiments with dynamic energy transfer evaluation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Weems JC, Slaughter BD, Unruh JR, Weaver KJ, Miller BD, Delventhal KM, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. A role for the Cockayne Syndrome B (CSB)-Elongin ubiquitin ligase complex in signal-dependent RNA polymerase II transcription. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100862. [PMID: 34116057 PMCID: PMC8294581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Elongin complex was originally identified as an RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation factor and subsequently as the substrate recognition component of a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. More recent evidence indicates that the Elongin ubiquitin ligase assembles with the Cockayne syndrome B helicase (CSB) in response to DNA damage and can target stalled polymerases for ubiquitylation and removal from the genome. In this report, we present evidence that the CSB-Elongin ubiquitin ligase pathway has roles beyond the DNA damage response in the activation of RNAPII-mediated transcription. We observed that assembly of the CSB-Elongin ubiquitin ligase is induced not just by DNA damage, but also by a variety of signals that activate RNAPII-mediated transcription, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, amino acid starvation, retinoic acid, glucocorticoids, and doxycycline treatment of cells carrying several copies of a doxycycline-inducible reporter. Using glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-regulated genes as a model, we showed that glucocorticoid-induced transcription is accompanied by rapid recruitment of CSB and the Elongin ubiquitin ligase to target genes in a step that depends upon the presence of transcribing RNAPII on those genes. Consistent with the idea that the CSB-Elongin pathway plays a direct role in GR-regulated transcription, mouse cells lacking the Elongin subunit Elongin A exhibit delays in both RNAPII accumulation on and dismissal from target genes following glucocorticoid addition and withdrawal, respectively. Taken together, our findings bring to light a new role for the CSB-Elongin pathway in RNAPII-mediated transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juston C Weems
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle J Weaver
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Brandon D Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kym M Delventhal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan W Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shukla S, Singh S, Mitra MD. Photosensitizer Modulated Turn – off Fluorescence System and Molecular Logic Functions for Selective Detection of Arsenic (III). ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Shukla
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Shwarnima Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Murli Dhar Mitra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doh JK, Tobin SJ, Beatty KE. MiniVIPER Is a Peptide Tag for Imaging and Translocating Proteins in Cells. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3051-3059. [PMID: 32786411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microscopy allows researchers to interrogate proteins within a cellular context. To deliver protein-specific contrast, we developed a new class of genetically encoded peptide tags called versatile interacting peptide (VIP) tags. VIP tags deliver a reporter to a target protein via the formation of a heterodimer between the peptide tag and an exogenously added probe peptide. We report herein a new VIP tag named MiniVIPER, which is comprised of a MiniE-MiniR heterodimer. We first demonstrated the selectivity of MiniVIPER by labeling three cellular targets: transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), histone protein H2B, and the mitochondrial protein TOMM20. We showed that either MiniE or MiniR could serve as the genetically encoded tag. Next, we demonstrated MiniVIPER's versatility by generating five spectrally distinct probe peptides to label tagged TfR1 on live cells. Lastly, we demonstrated two new applications for VIP tags. First, we used MiniVIPER in combination with another VIP tag, VIPER, to selectively label two different proteins in a single cell (e.g., TfR1 with H2B or TOMM20). Second, we used MiniVIPER to translocate a fluorescent protein to the nucleus through in situ dimerization of mCherry with H2B-mEmerald. In summary, MiniVIPER is a new peptide tag that enables multitarget imaging and artificial dimerization of proteins in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Doh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Savannah J Tobin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kimberly E Beatty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mizutani S, Murata M, Taniai N, Sukegawa M, Nakata R, Furuki H, Yoshida H. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-Labeled nanoprobe enables real-time diagnosis of pancreatic juice activation due to postoperative pancreatic fistula. Pancreatology 2020; 20:960-967. [PMID: 32622759 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) subsequent to pancreatectomy often causes activation of pancreatic juice, resulting in serious complications. In POPF, the types of pancreatic juices found are active and inactive, and the identification of these two types of pancreatic juice greatly contributes to the development of postoperative management after pancreatectomy. This study reports favorable results of the clinical application of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanoprobe that was independently developed to distinguish between the active and inactive types of pancreatic juice. METHODS The FRET nanoprobe developed was a nanoprotein capsule. It exuded a red color when the capsule structure was maintained. When activated protease in the pancreatic juice acts on it, the capsules are reduced quantitatively and FRET is abolished, resulting in a change in color from red to green. Pancreatic juice activation can be measured by the FRET signal. A total of 117 drainage fluid samples from 16 postpancreatoduodenectomy cases were obtained and evaluated. RESULTS The diagnosis of pancreatic juice activation was possible using the FRET signal with a cut-off value of 1.6. Pancreatic juice activation was not associated with drainage fluid amylase (AMY) levels. The results demonstrated that pancreatic juice was activated when drainage fluid was infected. CONCLUSION The use of a FRET nanoprobe enabled real-time detection of the presence or absence of pancreatic juice activation in pancreatic fistula after pancreatic surgery. There was an adequate correlation between infection and pancreatic juice activation regardless of drain AMY levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizutani
- Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 211-8533, 1-396, Kosugicho, Nakaharaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Taniai
- Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 211-8533, 1-396, Kosugicho, Nakaharaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Sukegawa
- Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 211-8533, 1-396, Kosugicho, Nakaharaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakata
- Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 211-8533, 1-396, Kosugicho, Nakaharaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Furuki
- Digestive Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 211-8533, 1-396, Kosugicho, Nakaharaku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng P, Wang Q, Du Y, Wang H, Shi L, Li T. Extracellular Ion-Responsive Logic Sensors Utilizing DNA Dimeric Nanoassemblies on Cell Surface and Application to Boosting AS1411 Internalization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9273-9280. [PMID: 32521996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of extracellular H+ and K+ are unique features of the tumor microenvironment and have shown great promise for use in cancer-targeted drug delivery. Here, we design H+- and/or K+-responsive logic sensors utilizing in situ dimeric framework nucleic acid (FNA) assembly on the cell surface and for the first time apply the logic sensors to boosting cellular internalization of molecular payloads in tumor-mimicking extracellular environments. An anticancer aptamer AS1411 is blocked on branched FNA vertexes where a bimolecular i-motif is tethered as the controlling unit to enable a dimeric DNA nanoassembly in response to extracellular pH change. K+ promotes AS1411 to fold into a G-quadruplex and thereby release from dimeric FNA in which a proximity DNA hybridization-based FRET happens. Furthermore, such an AND-gated nanosensor functions more efficiently for AS1411 internalization than the conventional pathway. This finding shows significant implications for tumor-microenvironment-recognizing target drug delivery and precision cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pai Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen D, Behrens DM, Sen S, Najdahmadi A, Pham JN, Speciale G, Lawrence MM, Majumdar S, Weiss GA, Botvinick EL. Photostable and Proteolysis-Resistant Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Calcium Biosensor. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7683-7689. [PMID: 32352281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular sensors from protein engineering offer new methods to sensitively bind to and detect target analytes for a wide range of applications. For example, these sensors can be integrated into probes for implantation, and then yield new and valuable physiological information. Here, a new Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensor is integrated with an optical fiber to yield a device measuring free Ca2+. This membrane encapsulated optical fiber (MEOF) device is composed of a sensor matrix that fills poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) with an engineered troponin C (TnC) protein fused to a pair of FRET fluorophores. The FRET efficiency is modulated upon Ca2+ ion binding. The probe further comprises a second, size-excluding filter membrane that is synthesized by filling the pores of a PTFE matrix with a poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogel; this design ensures protection from circulating proteases and the foreign body response. The two membranes are stacked and placed on a thin, silica optical fiber for optical excitation and detection. Results show the biosensor responds to changes in Ca2+ concentration within minutes with a sensitivity ranging from 0.01 to 10 mM Ca2+, allowing discrimination of hyper- and hypocalcemia. Furthermore, the system reversibly binds Ca2+ to allow continuous monitoring. This work paves the way for the use of engineered structure-switching proteins for continuous optical monitoring in a large number of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dat Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2730, United States
| | - Danielle M Behrens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2730, United States
| | - Sanjana Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Avid Najdahmadi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California 92612-1475, United States
| | - Jessica N Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2015, United States
| | - Gaetano Speciale
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2015, United States
| | - Micah M Lawrence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2730, United States
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2015, United States
| | - Gregory A Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2015, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Elliot L Botvinick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2730, United States.,Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California 92612-1475, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2730, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Photobleaching and Sensitized Emission-Based Methods for the Detection of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31432483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9686-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-radiative interaction between two molecules that happens at distances in the range of a few nanometers. Using FRET interactions between suitably selected fluorophores allows to study molecular interactions or conformational changes of single molecules on fluorescence microscopes even though the optical resolution of the microscope is limited to distances that are almost two orders of magnitude higher.In this chapter several variants of FRET detection methods are described that are based either on the targeted photobleaching of one of the participating molecule species or on the direct detection of the fluorescence signal that is created as a result of the FRET interactions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Heterologous calcium-dependent inactivation of Orai1 by neighboring TRPV1 channels modulates cell migration and wound healing. Commun Biol 2019; 2:88. [PMID: 30854480 PMCID: PMC6399350 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an essential calcium influx mechanism in animal cells. One of the most important auto regulatory control systems involves calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI) of the Orai channel, which prevents excessive calcium influx. In the present study we analyze the role of two channels in the induction of CDI on Orai1. Here we show that calcium entering through freely diffusing TRPV1 channels induce strong CDI on Orai1 while calcium entering through P2X4 channel does not. TRPV1 can induce CDI on Orai1 because both channels were found in close proximity in the cell membrane. This was not observed with P2X4 channels. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that calcium arising from different channels may contribute to the modulation of Orai1 through CDI in freely diffusing single channels of living cells. Our results highlight the role of TRPV1-mediated CDI on Orai1 in cell migration and wound healing. Bastián-Eugenio et al. showed that calcium entering the cell via TRPV1, but not P2X4 channels, can induce calcium-dependent inactivation of Orai1. This inactivation impacts thrombin-induced cell migration and wound healing suggesting an important role of Orai1 modulation by TRPV1 channels.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hinton DA, Ng JD, Sun J, Lee S, Saikin SK, Logsdon J, White DS, Marquard AN, Cavell AC, Krasecki VK, Knapper KA, Lupo KM, Wasielewski MR, Aspuru-Guzik A, Biteen JS, Gopalan P, Goldsmith RH. Mapping Forbidden Emission to Structure in Self-Assembled Organic Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15827-15841. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Hinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - James D. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Semion K. Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Jenna Logsdon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - David S. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Angela N. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Andrew C. Cavell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Veronica K. Krasecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kassandra A. Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Katherine M. Lupo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Biologically-Inspired Solar Energy Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario M5S 1M1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Julie S. Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Randall H. Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee SMY, Yip TF, Yan S, Jin DY, Wei HL, Guo RT, Peiris JSM. Recognition of Double-Stranded RNA and Regulation of Interferon Pathway by Toll-Like Receptor 10. Front Immunol 2018; 9:516. [PMID: 29616030 PMCID: PMC5865411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-10 remains an orphan receptor without well-characterized ligands or functions. Here, we reveal that TLR10 is predominantly localized to endosomes and binds dsRNA in vitro at endosomal pH, suggesting that dsRNA is a ligand of TLR10. Recognition of dsRNA by TLR10 activates recruitment of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 for signal transduction and suppression of interferon regulatory factor-7 dependent type I IFN production. We also demonstrate crosstalk between TLR10 and TLR3, as they compete with each other for dsRNA binding. Our results suggest for the first time that dsRNA is a ligand for TLR10 and propose novel dual functions of TLR10 in regulating IFN signaling: first, recognition of dsRNA as a nucleotide-sensing receptor and second, sequestration of dsRNA from TLR3 to inhibit TLR3 signaling in response to dsRNA stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suki Man-Yan Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center of Influenza Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Fung Yip
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center of Influenza Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Yan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center of Influenza Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hong-Li Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center of Influenza Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Regulation of ErbB2 localization and function in breast cancer cells by ERM proteins. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25443-60. [PMID: 27029001 PMCID: PMC5041916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERM protein family is implicated in processes such as signal transduction, protein trafficking, cell proliferation and migration. Consequently, dysregulation of ERM proteins has been described to correlate with carcinogenesis of different cancer types. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a novel functional interaction between ERM proteins and the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer cells. We show that the ERM proteins ezrin and radixin are associated with ErbB2 receptors at the plasma membrane, and depletion or functional inhibition of ERM proteins destabilizes the interaction of ErbB2 with ErbB3, Hsp90 and Ebp50. Accompanied by the dissociation of this protein complex, binding of ErbB2 to the ubiquitin-ligase c-Cbl is increased, and ErbB2 becomes dephosphorylated, ubiquitinated and internalized. Furthermore, signaling via Akt- and Erk-mediated pathways is impaired upon ERM inhibition. Finally, interference with ERM functionality leads to receptor degradation and reduced cellular levels of ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bene L, Gralle M, Damjanovich L. Confocal microscopic dual-laser dual-polarization FRET (2polFRET) at the acceptor side for correlating rotations at different distances on the cell surface. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1050-1068. [PMID: 29292190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Relationship of donor and acceptor fluorescence anisotropies as well as efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been investigated in a confocal microscope in the context of FRET systems comprised of donor and acceptor-labeled MHCI and MHCII receptors on the surface of Kit-225 K6 human T-cells. The measurements have been carried out in a 2-laser, 5-signal platform where the total donor fluorescence intensity and 2 acceptor fluorescence intensities with their anisotropies - one at the donor's excitation wavelength, the other at the acceptor's excitation wavelength - have been detected. This configuration enabled the determination of FRET efficiency and correlating it with the two acceptor fluorescence anisotropies as a kind of calibration. Estimations for the FRET-enhanced donor fluorescence anisotropy, the directly excited acceptor fluorescence anisotropy, and the fluorescence anisotropy of sensitized emission have been obtained. Procedures for determining FRET by measuring only the total donor intensity and the acceptor intensity and its anisotropy, or two acceptor intensities and their anisotropies have been elaborated, the errors of which have been estimated based on the fluorescence anisotropy values obtained in the calibration with the method of flow cytometric energy transfer (FCET). The combined detection of the donor and acceptor fluorescence anisotropies enabled also the determination of the lower and upper limits of the orientation factor for FRET (κ2). An increase in range for κ2 with increasing FRET efficiency has been observed, with average κ2 values different from the dynamic random average of 2/3. These observations call for the need of κ2 determination in proximity measurements, where the donor and acceptor orientations are not predictable. An increasing range of κ2 with increasing intermolecular proximity of the MHCI and MHCII receptors has been observed. This indicates that molecular flexibility in the clusters of the MHCI and MHCII receptors reduces with increasing cluster density, i.e. a "fluidity gradient" exists in the clusters. More specifically, the local density dependent flexibility can also be taken as a direct proof for that the association of these receptors is non-random, but mediated by some type of physical interaction, a finding as a benefit of FRET detection by polarization spectroscopy. Two new quantities - the quenched donor fluorescence anisotropy and a fluorescence anisotropy analogue, the "dissymmetry index" of the polarized FRET efficiency components - have also been introduced for the characterization of the orientational dynamics of the excited state during FRET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Bene
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Matthias Gralle
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - László Damjanovich
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Most motile bacteria follow spatial gradients of chemical and physical stimuli in their environment. In Escherichia coli and other bacteria, the best characterized chemotaxis is in gradients of amino acids or sugars, but other physiological stimuli such as pH, osmolarity, redox potentials, and temperature are also known to elicit tactic responses. These multiple environmental stimuli are integrated and processed within a highly sophisticated chemotaxis network to generate coordinated chemotaxis behavior, which features high sensitivity, a wide dynamic range, and robustness against variations in background stimulation, protein levels, and temperature. Although early studies relied on behavioral analyses to characterize chemotactic responses in vivo, or on biochemical assays to study the pathway in vitro, we describe here a method to directly measure the intracellular pathway response using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In E. coli, the most commonly used form of the FRET assay relies on the interaction between the phosphorylated response regulator CheY and its phosphatase CheZ to quantify activity of the histidine kinase CheA. We further describe a FRET assay for Bacillus subtilis, which employs CheY and the motor-associated phosphatase FliY as a FRET pair. In particular, we highlight the use of FRET to quantify pathway properties, including signal amplification, dynamic range, and kinetics of adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Paulick
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- LOEWE Research Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
| | - Victor Sourjik
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- LOEWE Research Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mastop M, Bindels DS, Shaner NC, Postma M, Gadella TWJ, Goedhart J. Characterization of a spectrally diverse set of fluorescent proteins as FRET acceptors for mTurquoise2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11999. [PMID: 28931898 PMCID: PMC5607329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensors depends on brightness and photostability, which are dependent on the characteristics of the fluorescent proteins that are employed. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is often used as an acceptor but YFP is prone to photobleaching and pH changes. In this study, we evaluated the properties of a diverse set of acceptor fluorescent proteins in combination with the optimized CFP variant mTurquoise2 as the donor. To determine the theoretical performance of acceptors, the Förster radius was determined. The practical performance was determined by measuring FRET efficiency and photostability of tandem fusion proteins in mammalian cells. Our results show that mNeonGreen is the most efficient acceptor for mTurquoise2 and that the photostability is better than SYFP2. The non-fluorescent YFP variant sREACh is an efficient acceptor, which is useful in lifetime-based FRET experiments. Among the orange and red fluorescent proteins, mCherry and mScarlet-I are the best performing acceptors. Several new pairs were applied in a multimolecular FRET based sensor for detecting activation of a heterotrimeric G-protein by G-protein coupled receptors. Overall, the sensor with mNeonGreen as acceptor and mTurquoise2 as donor showed the highest dynamic range in ratiometric FRET imaging experiments with the G-protein sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Mastop
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne S Bindels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan C Shaner
- Department of Photobiology and Bioimaging, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Marten Postma
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus W J Gadella
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section of Molecular Cytology, van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, NL-1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Weems JC, Slaughter BD, Unruh JR, Boeing S, Hall SM, McLaird MB, Yasukawa T, Aso T, Svejstrup JQ, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. Cockayne syndrome B protein regulates recruitment of the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase to sites of DNA damage. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6431-6437. [PMID: 28292928 PMCID: PMC5399097 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c117.777946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongin A performs dual functions as the transcriptionally active subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation factor Elongin and as the substrate recognition subunit of a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitylates Pol II in response to DNA damage. Assembly of the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase and its recruitment to sites of DNA damage is a tightly regulated process induced by DNA-damaging agents and α-amanitin, a drug that induces Pol II stalling. In this study, we demonstrate (i) that Elongin A and the ubiquitin ligase subunit CUL5 associate in cells with the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) protein and (ii) that this interaction is also induced by DNA-damaging agents and α-amanitin. In addition, we present evidence that the CSB protein promotes stable recruitment of the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase to sites of DNA damage. Our findings are consistent with the model that the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase and the CSB protein function together in a common pathway in response to Pol II stalling and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juston C Weems
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Brian D Slaughter
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Jay R Unruh
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Stefan Boeing
- the Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Shawn M Hall
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Merry B McLaird
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Takashi Yasukawa
- the Department of Functional Genomics, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Teijiro Aso
- the Department of Functional Genomics, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- the Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Joan W Conaway
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110,
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110,
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Meesorn W, Shirole A, Vanhecke D, de Espinosa LM, Weder C. A Simple and Versatile Strategy To Improve the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Worarin Meesorn
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anuja Shirole
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Vanhecke
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng Y, Liu L, Hu S, Ren Y, Liu Y, Xiu J, Zhang X. Four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer in an aqueous system from ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots to hypocrellin A. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19627-19637. [PMID: 27557241 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots and Hypocrellin A (HA, a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy of cancer) in aqueous solution, excited by four-photon. Here, the QDs are the donors and the HA are the acceptors. The four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectrum was obtained under 1300nm femtosecond laser pluses. The experimental results indicated that the highest efficiency of FRET can reach up to 61.3%. Furthermore, the viability test in cancer cells was further demonstrated for biological applications of FRET system. When FRET occurs the cell killing rate of the cancer cells will reach to 84.8% with the 1mM concentration of HA. Our work demonstrates that while the four-photon excited FRET system is promising in both optics and biological applications, is also needs further investigation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kraft LJ, Dowler J, Manral P, Kenworthy AK. Size, organization, and dynamics of soluble SQSTM1 and LC3-SQSTM1 complexes in living cells. Autophagy 2016; 12:1660-74. [PMID: 27442348 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1199299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective macroautophagy/autophagy-with the help of molecular receptors-captures cargo for lysosomal degradation. Among the best-studied molecular receptors is SQSTM1/p62, a homo-oligomeric ubiquitin binding protein, which binds to both cargo and MAP1LC3B/LC3, a protein important for autophagosome biogenesis. Although the mechanisms underlying interaction of LC3 and SQSTM1 have been extensively studied, very little is known about the size or organization of soluble complexes formed between SQSTM1 and LC3 prior to phagophore (the autophagosome precursor) binding in live cells at the molecular level. To address this question, in the current study we use a combination of 2 microscopy-based approaches, FRET microscopy and confocal FRAP, to study the nanoscale properties of soluble SQSTM1 complexes and SQSTM1-LC3 complexes in living HeLa cells. We find that, independent of puncta, SQSTM1 oligomerizes to form very slowly diffusing complexes that contain multiple copies of SQSTM1 within FRET proximity of one another. Furthermore, we show that the interactions of soluble pools of LC3 and SQSTM1 can be readily detected by both FRAP and FRET. Finally, we uncover unexpected roles of SQSTM1's PB1 domain, a region of the protein involved in homo-oligomer formation, in complex formation. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the nature of nanometer-sized protein complexes in the autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Kraft
- a Chemical and Physical Biology Program , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Jacob Dowler
- b Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Pallavi Manral
- b Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Anne K Kenworthy
- a Chemical and Physical Biology Program , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA.,c Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang X, Xu Q, Zhang C, Wang X, Xiao M. Energy Transfer of Biexcitons in a Single Semiconductor Nanocrystal. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2492-2496. [PMID: 27020482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) decay dynamics of multiexcitons in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are dominated by the nonradiative Auger effect, making it difficult to explore their basic optical processes such as radiative recombination and energy transfer (ET). Here we constructed a single-particle ET system by attaching several acceptor dyes to the surface of a donor NC to study the ET of biexcitons at a single-NC level. By comparing the single-exciton and biexciton PL lifetimes of the same donor NC before and after the acceptor dyes were bleached, their respective ET lifetimes could be reliably extracted without the Auger influence. From statistical measurements on a large number of single ET particles, the average ET rate ratio between biexcitons and single excitons was estimated to be larger than four, and the same scaling rule could be naturally extended to their radiative rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qinfeng Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Ludong , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Franek M, Suchánková J, Sehnalová P, Krejčí J, Legartová S, Kozubek S, Večeřa J, Sorokin DV, Bártová E. Advanced Image Acquisition and Analytical Techniques for Studies of Living Cells and Tissue Sections. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:326-341. [PMID: 26903193 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies on fixed samples or genome-wide analyses of nuclear processes are useful for generating snapshots of a cell population at a particular time point. However, these experimental approaches do not provide information at the single-cell level. Genome-wide studies cannot assess variability between individual cells that are cultured in vitro or originate from different pathological stages. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence are fundamental experimental approaches in clinical laboratories and are also widely used in basic research. However, the fixation procedure may generate artifacts and prevents monitoring of the dynamics of nuclear processes. Therefore, live-cell imaging is critical for studying the kinetics of basic nuclear events, such as DNA replication, transcription, splicing, and DNA repair. This review is focused on the advanced microscopy analyses of the cells, with a particular focus on live cells. We note some methodological innovations and new options for microscope systems that can also be used to study tissue sections. Cornerstone methods for the biophysical research of living cells, such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, are also discussed, as are studies on the effects of radiation at the individual cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Franek
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sehnalová
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,v.v.i.,Královopolská 135,612 65 Brno,Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mixing and matching TREK/TRAAK subunits generate heterodimeric K2P channels with unique properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4200-5. [PMID: 27035965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522748113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tandem of pore domain in a weak inwardly rectifying K(+) channel (Twik)-related acid-arachidonic activated K(+) channel (TRAAK) and Twik-related K(+) channels (TREK) 1 and TREK2 are active as homodimers gated by stretch, fatty acids, pH, and G protein-coupled receptors. These two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels are broadly expressed in the nervous system where they control excitability. TREK/TRAAK KO mice display altered phenotypes related to nociception, neuroprotection afforded by polyunsaturated fatty acids, learning and memory, mood control, and sensitivity to general anesthetics. These channels have emerged as promising targets for the development of new classes of anesthetics, analgesics, antidepressants, neuroprotective agents, and drugs against addiction. Here, we show that the TREK1, TREK2, and TRAAK subunits assemble and form active heterodimeric channels with electrophysiological, regulatory, and pharmacological properties different from those of homodimeric channels. Heteromerization occurs between all TREK variants produced by alternative splicing and alternative translation initiation. These results unveil a previously unexpected diversity of K2P channels that will be challenging to analyze in vivo, but which opens new perspectives for the development of clinically relevant drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tunc-Ozdemir M, Fu Y, Jones AM. Cautions in Measuring In Vivo Interactions Using FRET and BiFC in Nicotiana benthamiana. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1363:155-74. [PMID: 26577788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3115-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) are two widely used techniques to investigate protein-protein interactions and subcellular compartmentalization of proteins in complexes. As of January 2015, there were 805 publications retrieved by PUBMED with the query "bimolecular fluorescence complementation" and 11,327 publications retrieved with the query "fluorescence resonance energy transfer". Only a few of these publications describe studies of plant cells. Given the importance and popularity of these techniques, applying them correctly is crucial but unfortunately many studies lack proper controls and verifications. We describe (1) BiFC and FRET problems that are frequently encountered at different stages of the protocols, (2) how to use appropriate controls, and (3) how to apply plant transformation and imaging procedures. We provide step-by-step protocols for the beginner to obtain high quality, artifact-free BiFC and FRET data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meral Tunc-Ozdemir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB#3280, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB#3280, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, CB#3280, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lencione D, Gehlen MH, Trujillo LN, Leitao RCF, Albuquerque RQ. The spatial distribution of the photostability of thionine in zeolite L nanochannels investigated by Photobleaching Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:398-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00418g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PbLIM is used to investigate the photostability of thionine in zeolite L. The gradient in the spatial distribution of the photostability is ascribed to a non-homogeneous distribution of active oxygen in the channels after irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lencione
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13566-590 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. Gehlen
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13566-590 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Loren N. Trujillo
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13566-590 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Renan C. F. Leitao
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13566-590 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weems JC, Slaughter BD, Unruh JR, Hall SM, McLaird MB, Gilmore JM, Washburn MP, Florens L, Yasukawa T, Aso T, Conaway JW, Conaway RC. Assembly of the Elongin A Ubiquitin Ligase Is Regulated by Genotoxic and Other Stresses. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15030-41. [PMID: 25878247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongin A performs dual functions in cells as a component of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription elongation factor Elongin and as the substrate recognition subunit of a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown to target Pol II stalled at sites of DNA damage. Here we investigate the mechanism(s) governing conversion of the Elongin complex from its elongation factor to its ubiquitin ligase form. We report the discovery that assembly of the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase is a tightly regulated process. In unstressed cells, Elongin A is predominately present as part of Pol II elongation factor Elongin. Assembly of Elongin A into the ubiquitin ligase is strongly induced by genotoxic stress; by transcriptional stresses that lead to accumulation of stalled Pol II; and by other stimuli, including endoplasmic reticulum and nutrient stress and retinoic acid signaling, that activate Elongin A-dependent transcription. Taken together, our findings shed new light on mechanisms that control the Elongin A ubiquitin ligase and suggest that it may play a role in Elongin A-dependent transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juston C Weems
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Brian D Slaughter
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Jay R Unruh
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Shawn M Hall
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Merry B McLaird
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Joshua M Gilmore
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Michael P Washburn
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Laurence Florens
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110
| | - Takashi Yasukawa
- the Department of Functional Genomics, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Teijiro Aso
- the Department of Functional Genomics, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Joan W Conaway
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| | - Ronald C Conaway
- From the Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Atta D, Okasha A. Single molecule laser spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 135:1173-1179. [PMID: 25156641 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discussed some single molecule spectroscopy techniques and methods. We have chosen the simplicity in this survey based on our laboratory experience in this field. We concentrated on the imaging by both techniques the wide field and the scanning microscopes. Other imaging enhancements on the technique like extended resolution wide field, the total internal reflection imaging, and its derivatives are also reviewed. In addition to the imaging techniques, some diffusion techniques also are discussed like fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The related methods like Forester resonance transfer, photo-induced electron transfer and anisotropy (steady state and time decay) are also discussed. In addition, we elucidated some simple details about the theory behind the FCS and its resulting curve fitting. This review is preceded by general introduction and ended with the conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Atta
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali Okasha
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cost AL, Ringer P, Chrostek-Grashoff A, Grashoff C. How to Measure Molecular Forces in Cells: A Guide to Evaluating Genetically-Encoded FRET-Based Tension Sensors. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014; 8:96-105. [PMID: 25798203 PMCID: PMC4361753 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces is central to a wide range of biological processes and plays an important role in numerous pathologies. The molecular mechanisms underlying cellular mechanotransduction, however, have remained largely elusive because suitable methods to investigate subcellular force propagation were missing. Here, we review recent advances in the development of biosensors that allow molecular force measurements. We describe the underlying principle of currently available techniques and propose a strategy to systematically evaluate new Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Cost
- Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| | - Pia Ringer
- Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| | - Anna Chrostek-Grashoff
- Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| | - Carsten Grashoff
- Group of Molecular Mechanotransduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma L, Yang F, Zheng J. Application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in protein studies. J Mol Struct 2014; 1077:87-100. [PMID: 25368432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the physical process of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was elucidated more than six decades ago, this peculiar fluorescence phenomenon has turned into a powerful tool for biomedical research due to its compatibility in scale with biological molecules as well as rapid developments in novel fluorophores and optical detection techniques. A wide variety of FRET approaches have been devised, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Especially in the last decade or so, we are witnessing a flourish of FRET applications in biological investigations, many of which exemplify clever experimental design and rigorous analysis. Here we review the current stage of FRET methods development with the main focus on its applications in protein studies in biological systems, by summarizing the basic components of FRET techniques, most established quantification methods, as well as potential pitfalls, illustrated by example applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Blin S, Chatelain FC, Feliciangeli S, Kang D, Lesage F, Bichet D. Tandem pore domain halothane-inhibited K+ channel subunits THIK1 and THIK2 assemble and form active channels. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28202-12. [PMID: 25148687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a high level of sequence homology, tandem pore domain halothane-inhibited K(+) channel 1 (THIK1) produces background K(+) currents, whereas THIK2 is silent. This lack of activity is due to a unique combination of intracellular retention and weak basal activity in the plasma membrane. Here, we designed THIK subunits containing dominant negative mutations (THIK1(DN) and THIK2(DN)). THIK2(DN) mutant inhibits THIK1 currents, whereas THIK1(DN) inhibits an activated form of THIK2 (THIK2-A155P-I158D). In situ proximity ligation assays and Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments support a physical association between THIK1 and THIK2. Next, we expressed covalent tandems of THIK proteins to obtain expression of pure heterodimers. Td-THIK1-THIK2 (where Td indicates tandem) produces K(+) currents of amplitude similar to Td-THIK1-THIK1 but with a noticeable difference in the current kinetics. Unlike Td-THIK2-THIK2 that is mainly detected in the endoplasmic reticulum, Td-THIK1-THIK2 distributes at the plasma membrane, indicating that THIK1 can mask the endoplasmic reticulum retention/retrieval motif of THIK2. Kinetics and unitary conductance of Td-THIK1-THIK2 are intermediate between THIK1 and THIK2. Altogether, these results show that THIK1 and THIK2 form active heteromeric channels, further expanding the known repertoire of K(+) channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Blin
- From LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France and
| | - Franck C Chatelain
- From LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France and
| | - Sylvain Feliciangeli
- From LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France and
| | - Dawon Kang
- the Department of Physiology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, Jinju 660-751, South Korea
| | - Florian Lesage
- From LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France and
| | - Delphine Bichet
- From LabEx ICST, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rappa G, Green TM, Lorico A. The nuclear pool of tetraspanin CD9 contributes to mitotic processes in human breast carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1840-50. [PMID: 25103498 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tetraspanin-29 (CD9) is an integral membrane protein involved in several fundamental cell processes and in cancer metastasis. Here, characterization of a panel of breast cancer cells revealed a nuclear pool of CD9, not present in normal human mammary epithelial cells. Antibody binding to surface CD9 of breast cancer cells resulted in increased nuclear CD9 fluorescence. CD9 was also found, along with a plasma membrane-associated pool, in the nuclei of all primary ductal breast carcinoma patient specimens analyzed. In all patients, about 40% of the total CD9 cellular fluorescence was nuclear. CD9 colocalized at the nuclear level with CEP97, a protein implicated in centrosome function, and with the IGSF8, an established CD9 partner in the plasma membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation of CEP97 and IGSF8 with CD9 was shown in nuclear extracts from breast cancer cells expressing a CD9-GFP fusion protein. However, by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis, no direct binding of CD9 with either protein was observed, suggesting that CD9 is part of a larger nuclear protein complex. CD9 depletion or exposure of parental breast cancer cells to anti-CD9 mAb resulted in polynucleation and multipolar mitoses. These data indicate that the nuclear CD9 pool has an important role in the mitotic process. IMPLICATIONS The discovery of a nuclear pool of CD9 has prognostic and/or therapeutic potential for patients with ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germana Rappa
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Toni M Green
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Cancer Research Center, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bene L, Ungvári T, Fedor R, Sasi Szabó L, Damjanovich L. Intensity correlation-based calibration of FRET. Biophys J 2014; 105:2024-35. [PMID: 24209847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-laser flow cytometric resonance energy transfer (FCET) is a statistically efficient and accurate way of determining proximity relationships for molecules of cells even under living conditions. In the framework of this algorithm, absolute fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency is determined by the simultaneous measurement of donor-quenching and sensitized emission. A crucial point is the determination of the scaling factor α responsible for balancing the different sensitivities of the donor and acceptor signal channels. The determination of α is not simple, requiring preparation of special samples that are generally different from a double-labeled FRET sample, or by the use of sophisticated statistical estimation (least-squares) procedures. We present an alternative, free-from-spectral-constants approach for the determination of α and the absolute FRET efficiency, by an extension of the presented framework of the FCET algorithm with an analysis of the second moments (variances and covariances) of the detected intensity distributions. A quadratic equation for α is formulated with the intensity fluctuations, which is proved sufficiently robust to give accurate α-values on a cell-by-cell basis in a wide system of conditions using the same double-labeled sample from which the FRET efficiency itself is determined. This seemingly new approach is illustrated by FRET measurements between epitopes of the MHCI receptor on the cell surface of two cell lines, FT and LS174T. The figures show that whereas the common way of α determination fails at large dye-per-protein labeling ratios of mAbs, this presented-as-new approach has sufficient ability to give accurate results. Although introduced in a flow cytometer, the new approach can also be straightforwardly used with fluorescence microscopes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Bene
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Health Science Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Biomolecular dynamics and binding studies in the living cell. Phys Life Rev 2014; 11:1-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Optical microscopy has developed as an indispensable tool for Arabidopsis cell biology. This is due to the high sensitivity, good spatial resolution, minimal invasiveness, and availability of autofluorescent proteins, which can be specifically fused to a distinct protein of interest. In this chapter, we introduce the theoretical concepts of fluorescence emission necessary to accomplish quantitative and functional cell biology using optical microscopy. The main focus lies on spectroscopic techniques, which, in addition to intensity-based studies, provide functional insight into cellular processes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zeug A, Stawarski M, Bieganska K, Korotchenko S, Wlodarczyk J, Dityatev A, Ponimaskin E. Current microscopic methods for the neural ECM analysis. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 214:287-312. [PMID: 25410363 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63486-3.00013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) occupies the space between both neurons and glial cells and thus provides a microenvironment that regulates multiple aspects of neural activities. Because of the vital role of ECM as a natural environment of cells in vivo, there is a growing interest to develop methodology allowing for the detailed structural and functional analyses of ECM. In this chapter, we provide the detailed overview of current microscopic methods used for ECM analysis and also describe general labeling strategies for ECM visualization. Since ECM remodeling involves the proteolytic cleavage of ECM, we will also describe current experimental approaches to image the proteolytic reorganization and/or degradation of ECM. The special focus of this chapter is set to the application of Förster resonance energy transfer-based approaches to monitor intracellular and extracellular matrix functions with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Zeug
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michal Stawarski
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Svetlana Korotchenko
- Laboratory for Brain Extracellular Matrix Research, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Laboratory for Brain Extracellular Matrix Research, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Price MB, Kong D, Okumoto S. Inter-subunit interactions between glutamate-like receptors in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e27034. [PMID: 24300102 PMCID: PMC4091553 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant Glutamate-Like Receptors (GLRs) are homologs of animal ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), and are hypothesized to be potential amino acid sensors in plants. Genetic studies of proteins from this family implicate individual GLRs in a diversity of physiological roles in plants. Recently, amino-acid gated channel activities have been proven for a few plant GLRs, suggesting that at least some of the functional mechanisms are conserved between plant GLRs and animal iGluRs. Animal iGluRs generally form heterotetramers, and the ligand-binding specificity and channel functionality is determined by interaction between the subunits. In order to investigate whether plant GLRs interact with each other, a modified yeast-2-hybrid system (mbSUS) approach was taken on 15 of the 20 Arabidopsis GLRs to identify potential interaction partners. Using this approach, we have successfully identified GLR subunits that are capable of interacting with multiple other GLRs. Unlike iGluRs, sequence similarity between the subunit was not correlated with the likelihood of interaction among 2 given subunits. Interactions between selected GLRs (GLR1.1, 2.9, 3.2, and 3.4) were further tested in another heterologous expression system, mammalian HEK293 cells, using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Two separate approaches (sensitized FRET and acceptor photobleaching) indicated that GLRs 1.1 and 3.4 are capable of forming homomers, whereas other combinations did not result in detectable FRET between the subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Price
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dongdong Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics,University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Blacksburg, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Groff LC, McNeill JD. Photoactivation and saturated emission in blended conjugated polymer nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13925-31. [PMID: 24099661 DOI: 10.1021/la402767j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Blended poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1',3}-thiadiazole)] (PFBT)/poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) conjugated polymer nanoparticles were prepared and characterized by conventional and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. The particles exhibit red emission and improved quantum efficiency resulting from highly efficient energy transfer from donor PFBT to acceptor MEH-PPV as well as suppression of MEH-PPV aggregation. Photobleaching results indicate better photostability in the blended sample compared to undoped MEH-PPV nanoparticles and photoactivation of donor emission, which could be useful for single-molecule localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Single blended nanoparticles exhibit bright fluorescence as well as saturation behavior at very low excitation intensities. These and other properties of the blended conjugated polymer nanoparticles could provide substantial improvements in resolution when employed in super-resolution microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Müller SM, Galliardt H, Schneider J, Barisas BG, Seidel T. Quantification of Förster resonance energy transfer by monitoring sensitized emission in living plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:413. [PMID: 24194740 PMCID: PMC3810607 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) describes excitation energy exchange between two adjacent molecules typically in distances ranging from 2 to 10 nm. The process depends on dipole-dipole coupling of the molecules and its probability of occurrence cannot be proven directly. Mostly, fluorescence is employed for quantification as it represents a concurring process of relaxation of the excited singlet state S1 so that the probability of fluorescence decreases as the probability of FRET increases. This reflects closer proximity of the molecules or an orientation of donor and acceptor transition dipoles that facilitates FRET. Monitoring sensitized emission by 3-Filter-FRET allows for fast image acquisition and is suitable for quantifying FRET in dynamic systems such as living cells. In recent years, several calibration protocols were established to overcome to previous difficulties in measuring FRET-efficiencies. Thus, we can now obtain by 3-filter FRET FRET-efficiencies that are comparable to results from sophisticated fluorescence lifetime measurements. With the discovery of fluorescent proteins and their improvement toward spectral variants and usability in plant cells, the tool box for in vivo FRET-analyses in plant cells was provided and FRET became applicable for the in vivo detection of protein-protein interactions and for monitoring conformational dynamics. The latter opened the door toward a multitude of FRET-sensors such as the widely applied Ca(2+)-sensor Cameleon. Recently, FRET-couples of two fluorescent proteins were supplemented by additional fluorescent proteins toward FRET-cascades in order to monitor more complex arrangements. Novel FRET-couples involving switchable fluorescent proteins promise to increase the utility of FRET through combination with photoactivation-based super-resolution microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Müller
- Dynamic Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Helena Galliardt
- Dynamic Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Bioinformatic Resource Facility, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - B. George Barisas
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Dynamic Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thorsten Seidel, Dynamic Cell Imaging, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun Y, Rombola C, Jyothikumar V, Periasamy A. Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy and spectroscopy for localizing protein-protein interactions in living cells. Cytometry A 2013; 83:780-93. [PMID: 23813736 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental theory of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was established in the 1940s. Its great power was only realized in the past 20 years after different techniques were developed and applied to biological experiments. This success was made possible by the availability of suitable fluorescent probes, advanced optics, detectors, microscopy instrumentation, and analytical tools. Combined with state-of-the-art microscopy and spectroscopy, FRET imaging allows scientists to study a variety of phenomena that produce changes in molecular proximity, thereby leading to many significant findings in the life sciences. In this review, we outline various FRET imaging techniques and their strengths and limitations; we also provide a biological model to demonstrate how to investigate protein-protein interactions in living cells using both intensity- and fluorescence lifetime-based FRET microscopy methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Sun
- The W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging (KCCI), Department of Biology, Physical and Life Sciences Building, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zeug A, Woehler A, Neher E, Ponimaskin EG. Quantitative intensity-based FRET approaches--a comparative snapshot. Biophys J 2013. [PMID: 23199910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has become an important tool for analyzing different aspects of interactions among biological macromolecules in their native environments. FRET analysis has also been successfully applied to study the spatiotemporal regulation of various cellular processes using genetically encoded FRET-based biosensors. A variety of procedures have been described for measuring FRET efficiency or the relative abundance of donor-acceptor complexes, based on analysis of the donor fluorescence lifetime or the spectrally resolved fluorescence intensity. The latter methods are preferable if one wants to not only quantify the apparent FRET efficiencies but also calculate donor-acceptor stoichiometry and observe fast dynamic changes in the interactions among donor and acceptor molecules in live cells. This review focuses on a comparison of the available intensity-based approaches used to measure FRET. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses in terms of FRET quantification, and provide several examples of biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Zeug
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center of Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Broussard JA, Rappaz B, Webb DJ, Brown CM. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy as demonstrated by measuring the activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:265-81. [PMID: 23306460 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes procedures for performing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy analysis by three different methods: acceptor photobleaching, sensitized emission and spectral imaging. We also discuss anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-based FRET techniques. By using the specific example of the FRET probe Akind (Akt indicator), which is a version of Akt modified such that FRET occurs when the probe is activated by phosphorylation, indicating Akt activation. The protocol provides a detailed step-by-step description of sample preparation, image acquisition and analysis, including control samples, image corrections and the generation of quantitative FRET/CFP ratio images for both sensitized emission and spectral imaging. The sample preparation takes 2 d, equipment setup takes 2-3 h and image acquisition and analysis take 6-8 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Biological Sciences and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Helm PJ. Proposal of a New Method for Measuring Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Rapidly, Quantitatively and Non-Destructively. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202903 PMCID: PMC3497277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131012367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of radiationless energy transfer from a chromophore in an excited electronic state (the “donor”) to another chromophore (an “acceptor”), in which the energy released by the donor effects an electronic transition, is known as “Förster Resonance Energy Transfer” (FRET). The rate of energy transfer is dependent on the sixth power of the distance between donor and acceptor. Determining FRET efficiencies is tantamount to measuring distances between molecules. A new method is proposed for determining FRET efficiencies rapidly, quantitatively, and non-destructively on ensembles containing donor acceptor pairs: at wavelengths suitable for mutually exclusive excitations of donors and acceptors, two laser beams are intensity-modulated in rectangular patterns at duty cycle ½ and frequencies f1 and f2 by electro-optic modulators. In an ensemble exposed to these laser beams, the donor excitation is modulated at f1, and the acceptor excitation, and therefore the degree of saturation of the excited electronic state of the acceptors, is modulated at f2. Since the ensemble contains donor acceptor pairs engaged in FRET, the released donor fluorescence is modulated not only at f1 but also at the beat frequency Δf: = |f1 − f2|. The depth of the latter modulation, detectable via a lock-in amplifier, quantitatively indicates the FRET efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Johannes Helm
- Center of Molecular Biology and Neuroscience and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1105-Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kobrinsky E, Lee JH, Soldatov NM. Selective fluorophore-assisted light inactivation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:154-6. [PMID: 22909954 PMCID: PMC3431587 DOI: 10.4161/chan.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorophore-assisted light inactivation (FALI) is an investigative tool to inactivate fluorescently labeled proteins by a mechanism of in situ photodestruction. We found that Ca(v)1.2 (L-type) and Ca(v)3.1 (T-type) calcium channels, labeled by genetic fusion with GFP derivatives, show differential sensitivity to FALI. Specifically, FALI silences Ca(v)1.2 calcium channels containing EYFP-labeled α(1C)subunits but does not affect the EYFP-α(1G) Ca(v)3.1 calcium channels or Ca(v)1.2 channels containing EYFP-labeled β subunits. Our findings limit the applicability of acceptor photobleaching for the measurements of FRET but open an opportunity to combine the fluorescent imaging of the live cell expressing labeled calcium channels with selective functional inactivation of their specific subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Kobrinsky
- National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jung-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science; Sogang University; Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nikolai M. Soldatov
- National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ishikawa-Ankerhold HC, Ankerhold R, Drummen GPC. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques--FRAP, FLIP, FLAP, FRET and FLIM. Molecules 2012; 17:4047-132. [PMID: 22469598 PMCID: PMC6268795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy provides an efficient and unique approach to study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Fluorescence microscopes can both detect the fluorescence emitted from labeled molecules in biological samples as images or photometric data from which intensities and emission spectra can be deduced. By exploiting the characteristics of fluorescence, various techniques have been developed that enable the visualization and analysis of complex dynamic events in cells, organelles, and sub-organelle components within the biological specimen. The techniques described here are fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), the related fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), fluorescence localization after photobleaching (FLAP), Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the different ways how to measure FRET, such as acceptor bleaching, sensitized emission, polarization anisotropy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). First, a brief introduction into the mechanisms underlying fluorescence as a physical phenomenon and fluorescence, confocal, and multiphoton microscopy is given. Subsequently, these advanced microscopy techniques are introduced in more detail, with a description of how these techniques are performed, what needs to be considered, and what practical advantages they can bring to cell biological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellen C. Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schillerstr. 42, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Richard Ankerhold
- Carl Zeiss Microimaging GmbH, Kistlerhofstr. 75, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Gregor P. C. Drummen
- Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, Helmutstr. 3A, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu M, Xia M, Li XX, Han WQ, Boini KM, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Ritter JK, Li PL. Requirement of translocated lysosomal V1 H(+)-ATPase for activation of membrane acid sphingomyelinase and raft clustering in coronary endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1546-57. [PMID: 22357614 PMCID: PMC3327313 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of translocated lysosomal H+-ATPase is attributed to FasL-induced formation and maintenance of an acid microenvironment around the endothelial cell membrane, which facilitates the activation of ASM and production of ceramide, thereby leading to MR clustering and redox signaling platform formation. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) mediates the formation of membrane raft (MR) redox signalosomes in a process that depends on a local acid microenvironment in coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs). However, it is not known how this local acid microenvironment is formed and maintained. The present study hypothesized that lysosomal V1 H+-ATPase provides a hospitable acid microenvironment for activation of ASM when lysosomes traffic and fuse into the cell membrane. Confocal microscopy showed that local pH change significantly affected MRs, with more fluorescent patches under low pH. Correspondingly, the ASM product, ceramide, increased locally in the cell membrane. Electron spin resonance assay showed that local pH increase significantly inhibited NADPH oxidase–mediated production of O2−. in CAECs. Direct confocal microscopy demonstrated that Fas ligand resulted in localized areas of decreased pH around CAEC membranes. The inhibitors of both lysosomal fusion and H+-ATPase apparently attenuated FasL-caused pH decrease. V1 H+-ATPase accumulation and activity on cell membranes were substantially suppressed by the inhibitors of lysosomal fusion or H+-ATPase. These results provide the first direct evidence that translocated lysosomal V1 H+-ATPase critically contributes to the formation of local acid microenvironment to facilitate activation of ASM and consequent MR aggregation, forming MR redox signalosomes and mediating redox signaling in CAECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Adbul Rahim NA, Pelet S, Kamm RD, So PTC. Methodological considerations for global analysis of cellular FLIM/FRET measurements. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:026013. [PMID: 22463045 PMCID: PMC3382354 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.2.026013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Global algorithms can improve the analysis of fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) measurement based on fluorescence lifetime microscopy. However, global analysis of FRET data is also susceptible to experimental artifacts. This work examines several common artifacts and suggests remedial experimental protocols. Specifically, we examined the accuracy of different methods for instrument response extraction and propose an adaptive method based on the mean lifetime of fluorescent proteins. We further examined the effects of image segmentation and a priori constraints on the accuracy of lifetime extraction. Methods to test the applicability of global analysis on cellular data are proposed and demonstrated. The accuracy of global fitting degrades with lower photon count. By systematically tracking the effect of the minimum photon count on lifetime and FRET prefactors when carrying out global analysis, we demonstrate a correction procedure to recover the correct FRET parameters, allowing us to obtain protein interaction information even in dim cellular regions with photon counts as low as 100 per decay curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aida Adbul Rahim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Serge Pelet
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|