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Dehnavi SI, Mortazavi SS, Ramezani MA, Gharraee B, Ashouri A. Emotion-focused therapy for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a randomized clinical controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:501. [PMID: 38992619 PMCID: PMC11238458 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a debilitating condition, affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by severe periodic physical and psychological symptoms, which end after the onset of menstruation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for PMDD patients. METHODS A total of 48 PMDD women, in the age range of 18-44 years, were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in 16 weeks of EFT treatment, while the control group was selected based on the waiting list (waitlist control group) and followed-up after three months. Forty-four patients finally completed this study. The participants completed the Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool (PSST), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in the first premenstrual period before treatment, the first premenstrual period after treatment, and the premenstrual period three months after treatment. RESULTS Based on the repeated measure analysis of variances, the total score of DERS and the total score of PSST decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Also, in DASS-21, the scores of depression and stress subscales reduced significantly (P < 0.05), while there was no significant decrease in the score of anxiety subscale (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the present results, EFT can be an effective treatment for alleviating the symptoms of PMDD. This treatment can reduce the emotion regulation difficulties of women with PMDD and alleviate the symptoms of depression and stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT ID: IRCT20220920055998N1, Registered on: 12/2/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Izadi Dehnavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
| | - Seyede Salehe Mortazavi
- Geriatric Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
| | | | - Banafshe Gharraee
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1445613111, Iran.
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Cunningham AC, Prentice C, Peven K, Wickham A, Bamford R, Radovic T, Klepchukova A, Fomina M, Cunningham K, Hill S, Hantsoo L, Payne J, Zhaunova L, Ponzo S. Efficacy of the Flo App in Improving Health Literacy, Menstrual and General Health, and Well-Being in Women: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e54124. [PMID: 38696773 PMCID: PMC11099814 DOI: 10.2196/54124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive health literacy and menstrual health awareness play a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of women and people who menstruate. Further, awareness of one's own menstrual cycle patterns and associated symptoms can help individuals identify and manage conditions of the menstrual cycle such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Digital health products, and specifically menstrual health apps, have the potential to effect positive change due to their scalability and ease of access. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to measure the efficacy of a menstrual and reproductive health app, Flo, in improving health literacy and health and well-being outcomes in menstruating individuals with and without PMS and PMDD. Further, we explored the possibility that the use of the Flo app could positively influence feelings around reproductive health management and communication about health, menstrual cycle stigma, unplanned pregnancies, quality of life, work productivity, absenteeism, and body image. METHODS We conducted 2 pilot, 3-month, unblinded, 2-armed, remote randomized controlled trials on the effects of using the Flo app in a sample of US-based (1) individuals who track their cycles (n=321) or (2) individuals who track their cycles and are affected by PMS or PMDD (n=117). RESULTS The findings revealed significant improvements at the end of the study period compared to baseline for our primary outcomes of health literacy (cycle tracking: D̄=1.11; t311=5.73, P<.001; PMS or PMDD: D̄=1.20; t115=3.76, P<.001) and menstrual health awareness (D̄=3.97; t311=7.71, P<.001), health and well-being (D̄=3.44; t311=5.94, P<.001), and PMS or PMDD symptoms burden (D̄=-7.08; t115=-5.44, P<.001). Improvements were also observed for our secondary outcomes of feelings of control and management over health (D̄=1.01; t311=5.08, P<.001), communication about health (D̄=0.93; t311=2.41, P=.002), menstrual cycle stigma (D̄=-0.61; t311=-2.73, P=.007), and fear of unplanned pregnancies (D̄=-0.22; t311=-2.11, P=.04) for those who track their cycles, as well as absenteeism from work and education due to PMS or PMDD (D̄=-1.67; t144=-2.49, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS These pilot randomized controlled trials demonstrate that the use of the Flo app improves menstrual health literacy and awareness, general health and well-being, and PMS or PMDD symptom burden. Considering the widespread use and affordability of the Flo app, these findings show promise for filling important gaps in current health care provisioning such as improving menstrual knowledge and health. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registries osf.io/pcgw7; https://osf.io/pcgw7 ; OSF Registries osf.io/ry8vq; https://osf.io/ry8vq.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimberly Peven
- Flo Health UK Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive & Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tara Radovic
- Flo Health UK Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Fomina
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Liisa Hantsoo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer Payne
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Sonia Ponzo
- Flo Health UK Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Liguori F, Saraiello E, Calella P. Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder's Impact on Quality of Life, and the Role of Physical Activity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2044. [PMID: 38004093 PMCID: PMC10673441 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Most women who menstruate experience various physical, psychological, and behavioral changes during the period between ovulation and menstruation. This study focuses on defining and diagnosing premenstrual disorders, distinguishing between premenstrual symptoms (PS), PMS, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). It highlights the prevalence of these conditions and their impact on women's quality of life, including social, occupational, and psychological aspects. Furthermore, the study examines the role of physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, in managing premenstrual symptoms. Several systematic reviews are cited, suggesting that regular physical activity can effectively reduce both physical and psychological symptoms associated with PMS. In conclusion, the management of PMS involves a multifaceted approach, with exercises, dietary modifications, stress management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medications all playing roles. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, has been found to be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for alleviating PMS symptoms and improving overall well-being. However, more research is needed to determine the optimal type and dosage of exercise for individual women with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrizia Calella
- Department of Medical, Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy; (F.L.); (E.S.)
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Daneshvar S, Ahmadi F, Naghizadeh MM, Direckvand-Moghadam A, Mohammadian F, Jalilian M, Ghazanfari Z. Effectiveness of a school-based health education program to improve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in high school girls in Ilam. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:126. [PMID: 37397092 PMCID: PMC10312432 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_382_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The premenstrual syndrome happens periodically and affects both the individual and family. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the health education program on reducing premenstrual syndrome in high school girls in Ilam. MATERIALS AND METHODS This experimental study was conducted in girls' high schools in Ilam, in 2017-2018. In total, 120 students were enrolled in the study (intervention group = 61 and control group = 59) and selected through convenience sampling. In this study, a standard Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) was used to diagnose students with premenstrual syndrome or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The educational program for the intervention group was held in four sessions of 30 min for 4 consecutive weeks. The obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical software at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS The results showed a significant difference in the proportion of cases with moderate and severe PMS and PMDD between intervention and control groups in follow-up (P < 0.001). However, these proportions were not significantly different between the two groups in the baseline. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the educational program can be recommended as an effective intervention for girls with moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Daneshvar
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ahmadi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Ashraf Direckvand-Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fathollah Mohammadian
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Jalilian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazanfari
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Masoumi S, Babakhani N, Khodakarami B, Mohagheghi H, Farhadian M. The effect of resilient counseling on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls in Hamadan, Iran, 2018: A clinical trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/nms.nms_3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bilir F, Akdemir R, Bilir C. Some, but not all of the premenstrual syndrome symptoms affect the medical exam scores in medical students. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37:1190-1195. [PMID: 34290806 PMCID: PMC8281196 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.4.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This research aims to identify the effects of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms on the school exam scores in medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed at Sakarya University School of Medicine The study included medical students who were in the first, second, and third year of class. In this study, there were 193 male and 100 female students. The study investigated how PMS symptoms affected medical student’s exam scores and school success. All exam scores were recorded during the two-consecutive semester so duration of study was one year Results: There were 100 female students, and they had five different committee exams for one year. Female student’s exam scores were significantly higher for four committees and an average score of all year. The mean age of female students was 19.9 ±1.5. Acne, nausea/vomiting, sleeping, abdominal bloating, and prurience change had significantly different exam scores compared to the group without these symptoms. Students with acne had substantially higher exam scores than without acne; inversely, the other four symptoms negatively affected exam scores. Conclusion: Some of the PMS symptoms can be more annoying and should change the quality of life more than the other symptoms, so we should define these symptoms to improve our student’s quality of life and school success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Bilir
- Filiz Bilir, Department of Medical Education, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Akdemir
- Ramazan Akdemir, Department of Cardiology and Medical Education, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Bilir
- Cemil Bilir, Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
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Implementation and effectiveness of adolescent life skills programs in low- and middle-income countries: A critical review and meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther 2020; 130:103402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Başoğul C, Aydın Özkan S, Karaca T. The effects of psychoeducation based on the cognitive-behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:515-522. [PMID: 31788825 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of psychoeducation based on a cognitive-behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in young adult women. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was performed as a randomized controlled trial. The sample size was identified as 90 (45 intervention group/45 control group) students. The psychoeducation intervention consisted of five sessions performed over a 4-week period. FINDINGS There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest total mean scores of the intervention group that received psychoeducation (P < .05). There was also a significant difference in depressive thoughts, irritability, and fatigue mean scores between the two groups (P < .05). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The use of this approach and its inclusion in nursing care interventions is recommended to reduce PMS symptoms in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Başoğul
- Department of Nursing, Adıyaman University School of Health, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Semiha Aydın Özkan
- Department of Midwifery, Adıyaman University School of Health, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Türkan Karaca
- Department of Nursing, Adıyaman University School of Health, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Ayaz‐Alkaya S, Yaman‐Sözbir Ş, Terzi H. The effect of Health Belief Model‐based health education programme on coping with premenstrual syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2020; 26:e12816. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ayaz‐Alkaya
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of NursingGazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Şengül Yaman‐Sözbir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of NursingGazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Handan Terzi
- Fazıl Boyner Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of NursingKastamonu University Kastamonu Turkey
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Han J, Cha Y, Kim S. Effect of psychosocial interventions on the severity of premenstrual syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 40:176-184. [PMID: 29962276 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2018.1480606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common in women with reproductive age and it affects the normal life. Psychosocial interventions are recommended for some women who experience less severe PMS. So far, no meta-analyses have investigated the effect of overall psychosocial interventions on the severity of PMS as an outcome. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for PMS. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMED, CINAHL, EMbase and PsycINFO in December 2016, following methodological guidelines outlined in the literature ( www.york.ac.uk/crd/ guidance). The primary outcome was the severity of PMS. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Pooled effects of 11 psychosocial interventions (n = 324) showed statistically significant beneficial effects on the severity of PMS (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.13, I2 = 27%). Participants who received coping skills training had significantly low severity of PMS than the control group (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.28, p < .001, I2 = 3%). There were no effects found for education program nor social support intervention. Discussion: Psychosocial interventions, especially coping skills training for women with PMS, were effective in reducing the severity of PMS. However, needed caution due to the small number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehee Han
- a Department of Nursing, College of Nursing , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yerin Cha
- a Department of Nursing, College of Nursing , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea.,b Severance Hospital , Division of Nursing , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sue Kim
- a Department of Nursing, College of Nursing , Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea.,c Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul , Korea
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMDD have a differential response to normal hormonal fluctuations. This susceptibility may involve the serotonin system, altered sensitivity of the GABAA receptor to the neurosteroid allopregnanalone, and altered brain circuitry involving emotional and cognitive functions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatment. Second-line treatments include oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, other ovulation suppression methods, calcium, chasteberry, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Teri Pearlstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women's Behavioral Medicine, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Miriam Hospital, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
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12
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A systematic review of the role of vitamin D and calcium in premenstrual syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2019; 62:73-86. [PMID: 30918875 PMCID: PMC6422848 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder that affects millions of women of reproductive age worldwide. In recent years, there has been a focus on finding accessible, acceptable, and cost-effective therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects to treat the symptoms of PMS. This systematic review aimed to investigate the role of calcium and vitamin D in Premenstrual syndrome. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for relevant articles from clinical trial, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used to assess the quality of the selected papers. A total of 28 eligible high-quality papers were reviewed. Low serum levels of calcium and vitamin D during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle were found to cause or exacerbate the symptoms of PMS. Therefore, the administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements or the use of a diet rich in these two substances can restore serum levels and eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are recommended as an inexpensive, low-risk, acceptable, and accessible approach to eliminate or reduce the symptoms of PMS.
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Shin H, Park YJ, Cho I. Development and psychometric validation of the Menstrual Health Instrument (MHI) for adolescents in Korea. Health Care Women Int 2018; 39:1090-1109. [PMID: 29313762 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2017.1423487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the researchers were to develop and test initial psychometric properties of the Menstrual Health Instrument, a measure of menstrual health in adolescents that comprehensively evaluates menstrual health. Data were collected with a convenience sample of 230 Korean adolescent girls. As a result of exploratory factor analysis with the 29-item instrument, five factors were extracted: affective symptoms, somatic symptoms and school life, daily habits for menstrual health, menstrual cycle characteristics, and attitudes and perceptions on menstruation. The reliability and validity estimates indicate the Menstrual Health Instrument could be used for screening in school or community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inhae Cho
- a College of Nursing, Korea University
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14
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Uzunçakmak T, Ayaz Alkaya S. Effect of aromatherapy on coping with premenstrual syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2018; 36:63-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kim HK, Kim HS, Kim SJ. Association of Anxiety, Depression, and Somatization with Menstrual Problems among North Korean Women Defectors in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:727-733. [PMID: 29209375 PMCID: PMC5714713 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE North Korean women defectors have suffered from anxiety, depression, and somatization after defection. Also they have had many menstrual problems like amenorrhea. This study was done to identify the correlations of anxiety, depression, and somatization to menstrual problems among North Korean woman defectors in South Korea. METHODS The participants in this study were 126 women from 5 government resettlement centers throughout South Korea. Questionnaires which included State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale (CED-S), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to identify anxiety and somatization. Data were collected between June and September, 2012. RESULTS The women reported the following problems; amenorrhea (9.5%), hypomenorrhea (13.6%), menorrhagia (19.8%), polymenorrhea (13.5%), oligomenorrhea (4.8%), changes in amount of menstrual discharge (4.0%), and changes in amount of blood clot (9.5%). Anxiety (r=0.20, p=0.002), depression (r=0.25, p=0.005), and Somatization (r=0.35, p<0.001) were correlated with number of menstrual problems. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that mental health services need to be taken into account in interventions for North Korean woman defectors to improve their reproductive health including addressing menstrual problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Korea Christian University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Abstract
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) comprises emotional and physical symptoms and functional impairment that lie on the severe end of the continuum of premenstrual symptoms. Women with PMDD have a differential response to normal hormonal fluctuations. This susceptibility may involve the serotonin system, altered sensitivity of the GABAA receptor to the neurosteroid allopregnanalone, and altered brain circuitry involving emotional and cognitive functions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are considered the first-line treatment. Second-line treatments include oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, other ovulation suppression methods, calcium, chasteberry, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lanza di Scalea
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital and Miriam Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Teri Pearlstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Women's Behavioral Medicine, Women's Medicine Collaborative, Miriam Hospital, 146 West River Street, Providence, RI 02904, USA
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17
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Lee Y, Im EO. A path analysis of stress and premenstrual symptoms in Korean international and Korean domestic students. J Adv Nurs 2016; 72:3045-3059. [PMID: 27377582 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the relationships between perceived stress, acculturative stress and premenstrual symptoms, among other associated factors (e.g. depressive symptoms, coping self-efficacy, perceived social support) of premenstrual symptoms suggested in the literature by testing the conceptual framework of the 'Stress and Premenstrual Experience Model: Women in Cultural Transition'. BACKGROUND Level of perceived stress has been cited as a major influencing factor for women's premenstrual symptoms; however, how these two elements are related, including possible mediators and moderators, remains unclear. DESIGN A longitudinal causal-comparative web-based study design. METHODS Data collection occurred between November, 2014 - February, 2015. The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 98 Korean international students and 89 Korean domestic students. Weekly surveys were conducted for 10 weeks to capture women's levels of perceived stress, acculturative stress and premenstrual symptoms from two menstrual cycles. The survey data collected during the premenstrual phase was analysed using path analyses. RESULTS/FINDINGS The hypothesized pathways based on the conceptual model were partially supported in the study. Depressive symptoms were a partial mediator between perceived stress and premenstrual symptoms and between acculturative stress and symptoms in Korean international students. The perceived social support was a moderator between perceived stress and premenstrual symptoms in Korean domestic students. CONCLUSION This study proposes a revised conceptual model that will contribute to the understanding of stress and premenstrual symptom severity in women in the acculturation process and concludes with suggestions and implications for future nursing practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaelim Lee
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Im
- Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
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Izadi-Mazidi M, Davoudi I, Mehrabizadeh M. Effect of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Females With Premenstrual Syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016; 10:e4961. [PMID: 27284283 PMCID: PMC4898747 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by intense physical and psychological changes. The most common symptoms include anxiety, depression, fatigue, anger, irritability, sense of being out of control, confusion, change in appetite and sleep, bloating and breast tenderness. The symptoms affect the quality of life of women, and cause impairment in many aspects of life. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on improvement of health-related quality of life in female students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Materials and Methods In this study, 40 students with PMS were selected from Shahid Chamran university in Tehran, Iran, and were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group received 10 sessions of CBT. Women in the control group did not receive any treatment. Results The results of ANCOVA were statistically significant (P < 0.001), and showed that group CBT improved the quality of life in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, the effects of the intervention on quality of life lasted for 2 months. Conclusions Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effective in improvement of health-related quality of life of female students with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iran Davoudi
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Saeedian Kia A, Amani R, Cheraghian B. The Association between the Risk of Premenstrual Syndrome and Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Status among University Students: A Case Control Study. Health Promot Perspect 2015; 5:225-30. [PMID: 26634201 PMCID: PMC4667262 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2015.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of major health problems in
childbearing age women. Herein, we compared the nutritional status of vitamin D, calcium
(Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in young students affected by PMS with those of normal
participants. Methods: This study was conducted on 62 students aged 20‒25 yr in the city of
Abadan (31 PMS cases and 31 controls). All participants completed four or more criteria
according to the Utah PMS Calendar 3. Age, height, body mass index (BMI), serum Ca, Mg and
vitamin D levels and a 24-hour food recall questionnaire were recorded. Results: Vitamin D serum levels were lower than the normal range in the two
groups. The odds ratios (CI 95%) of having PMS based on serum Ca and Mg concentrations
were 0.81(0.67 – 0.89) and 0.86 (0.72 – 0.93), respectively. Based on serum levels, 855 of
all participants showed vitamin D deficiency and more than one-third of the PMS cases were
Mg deficient (P<0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in dietary
intake of Ca and Mg, and potassium but not vitamin D in the two groups. Dietary intakes of
Ca and Mg were quite below the recommendation in all participants. Conclusion: Vitamin D, Ca and Mg nutritional status are compromised in PMS
subjects. Because PMS is a prevalent health problem among young women, it merits more
attention regarding improvement of their health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Epidemiology, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Watanabe K, Shirakawa T. Characteristics of Perceived Stress and Salivary Levels of Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Cortisol in Japanese Women With Premenstrual Syndrome. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2015; 4:e24795. [PMID: 26339665 PMCID: PMC4557405 DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have demonstrated the associations between Premenstrual Syndrome and perceived stress, and no studies quantifying stress based on biochemical parameters have been conducted. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the changes in biochemical parameters of stress and measured perceived stress during the menstrual cycle of women with premenstrual syndrome. Patients and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted in 2010 in the Kansai region of Japan. Thirteen women with premenstrual syndrome and 11 controls, all with regular menstrual cycles, participated in this study. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and cortisol levels were measured as biochemical parameters, and scores on the Stress Check List KM (SCL-KM) (Cronbach’s α in this study ranged from 0.76 to 0.84) were used to indicate perceived stress through two complete menstrual cycles. Before stress measurements were taken, premenstrual, menstrual and postmenstrual phases were confirmed based on records of basal body temperature across two menstrual cycles. Data analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test, analysis of variance with repeated measures, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, as appropriate. Results: Both the postmenstrual S-IgA concentration and secretion rate were significantly lower in the group with premenstrual syndrome than in controls (P < 0.05). Premenstrual S-IgA concentrations were significantly higher than postmenstrual levels in the group with premenstrual syndrome (P < 0.05). No significant differences in cortisol levels were seen in either group during any phase. Premenstrual and postmenstrual phase SCL-KM scores were significantly higher in the group with premenstrual syndrome than in controls (P < 0.05). No significant changes in the SCL-KM scores were observed among menstrual cycle phases in either group. Postmenstrual S-IgA levels were negatively correlated with the SCL-KM score (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The stress due to psychosomatic changes in the menstrual cycle is associated with premenstrual syndrome. Measures of S-IgA, rather than cortisol or subjective responses to stress, may be most closely associated with PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Watanabe
- School of Human Nursing, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan
| | - Taku Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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22
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Delara M, Borzuei H, Montazeri A. Premenstrual disorders: prevalence and associated factors in a sample of Iranian adolescents. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:695-700. [PMID: 24578837 PMCID: PMC3918194 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Premenstrual disorders usually refer to Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). This study was designed to find out the frequency of premenstrual disorders and evaluate the associated factors in a sample of Iranian adolescents. Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of premenstrual disorders (PMS and PMDD) based on Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS) and also to determine the association of some demographic and menstrual characteristics with these disorders in adolescent girls. Patients and Methods This was a cross sectional study. A sample of adolescent school girls aged between 14 and 19 years were included in the study. Diagnostic assessments were based on Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS). The data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion and were compared among subgroups of the study sample. In addition, demographic and menstrual factors associations with premenstrual disorders were assessed. Results In all 1379 female students were included in the study. About 99.5 % of the students reported at least one premenstrual symptom. Of these, 66.3% was mild, 31.4% moderate and 2.3% severe. A total of 814 girls (59%) met the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Most frequently reported symptoms were back pain, lethargy, fatigue and anxiety. Early menarche, lower education was associated with higher scores on PAS. Conclusion Premenstrual disorders are common in adolescent girls. Preventive and treatment strategies are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Delara
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Mahin Delara, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran. Tel: +985714419572,Fax: +985714445994, E-mail: ; Hamed Borzuei, Research Development Center, Crez Co., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5714419572, Fax: +98-5714445994, E-mail:
| | - Hamed Borzuei
- Research Development Center, Crez Co., Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Authors: Mahin Delara, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran. Tel: +985714419572,Fax: +985714445994, E-mail: ; Hamed Borzuei, Research Development Center, Crez Co., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-5714419572, Fax: +98-5714445994, E-mail:
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Centre, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, IR Iran
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