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Lavie P. My voyage in the enchanted world of sleep. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae027. [PMID: 38765778 PMCID: PMC11100432 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, I describe my 45-year career in sleep research. I started my undergraduate studies at Tel Aviv University, where I was first introduced to the enchanted world of sleep, continued to my graduate studies with Wilse B. Webb at the University of Florida, and then to post-doctoral training with Dan Kripke at the University of California at San Diego. Then, I describe the evolution of my academic career at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, where I started in 1975 as an Assistant Professor and retired in 2019 as the President of the Institute. I describe the areas of research that I pursued and how the research developed, emphasizing unexpected results that guided me and my lab team in new directions. This includes my early studies on ultradian rhythms, inspired by Nathaniel Kleitman's Basic Rest Activity Cyle hypothesis, utilizing the ultrashort sleep-wake paradigm to chart the 24-hour sleep propensity function, and how these studies led us to explore the role of melatonin in sleep regulation. I also explain why we directed our attention to sleep apnea, and how clinical observations led to the provocative hypothesis that sleep apnea-typically seen as a disorder-may also play a protective role. Under the leadership of my research partner and wife, Lena, we confirmed this hypothesis. Also in this article, I describe my enthusiasm for the history of our field and, as derived from my experience as a Dean of Medicine and President of a university, I share my philosophy about the role of members of academia in society. I emphasize that none of my achievements could have been accomplished without the hard work and motivation of my students and research partners, who shared my enthusiasm and passion for the enchanted world of sleep. This paper is part of the Living Legends in Sleep Research series, which is sponsored by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals and Jazz Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peretz Lavie
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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2
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Khushboo M, Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunitadevi M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Nisa N, Lalrinzuali S, Manikandan B, Saeed AL, Abinash G, Pori B, Arati C, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113798. [PMID: 37146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Due to the lack of research on the safety and probable adverse side effects of diosgenin, this work evaluated the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxicity of diosgenin in albino mice by following acute toxicity (OECD-423), repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity (OECD-468), and F1 extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (OECD-443) studies. Diosgenin was found to be slightly toxic, with LD50 for male and female mice being 546.26 and 538.72 mg/kg, respectively. Chronic exposure of diosgenin (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) generated oxidative stress, depleted antioxidant enzymes, disturbed homeostasis of the reproductive hormones, and interrupted steroidogenesis, germ cell apoptosis, gametogenesis, sperm quality, estrous cycle, and reproductive performance in the F0 and F1 offspring. Long-term oral exposure of diosgenin to the mice disturbed the endocrine and reproductive functions and generated transgenerational reproductive toxic effects in F0 and F1 offspring. These results suggest that diosgenin should be used carefully in food products and medical applications due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic effects. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of diosgenin and the need for appropriate risk assessment and management of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Maibam Sunitadevi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ahmed-Laskar Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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3
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Meszaros M, Bikov A. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Lipid Metabolism: The Summary of Evidence and Future Perspectives in the Pathophysiology of OSA-Associated Dyslipidaemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2754. [PMID: 36359273 PMCID: PMC9687681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Strong evidence suggests that OSA is associated with an altered lipid profile including elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Intermittent hypoxia; sleep fragmentation; and consequential surges in the sympathetic activity, enhanced oxidative stress and systemic inflammation are the postulated mechanisms leading to metabolic alterations in OSA. Although the exact mechanisms of OSA-associated dyslipidaemia have not been fully elucidated, three main points have been found to be impaired: activated lipolysis in the adipose tissue, decreased lipid clearance from the circulation and accelerated de novo lipid synthesis. This is further complicated by the oxidisation of atherogenic lipoproteins, adipose tissue dysfunction, hormonal changes, and the reduced function of HDL particles in OSA. In this comprehensive review, we summarise and critically evaluate the current evidence about the possible mechanisms involved in OSA-associated dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology and Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9MT, UK
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Pau MC, Zinellu A, Zinellu E, Pintus G, Carru C, Fois AG, Mangoni AA, Pirina P. Paraoxonase-1 Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040766. [PMID: 35453451 PMCID: PMC9028830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) may be useful for monitoring the antioxidant defence systems and the effect of treatments in OSA patients. We investigated, by means of systematic review and meta-analysis, the serum concentrations of PON-1 in OSA patients and non-OSA controls. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, from the outset to November 2021, utilizing the terms: “paraoxonase” or “PON” or “paraoxonase-1” or “PON-1” and “obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome” or “OSAS” or “OSA”. Eleven studies in 429 OSA patients and 258 non-OSA controls were involved in the meta-analysis. The pooled serum PON-1 concentrations were significantly lower in OSA (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.70, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.28; p = 0.001). Despite the extreme between-study heterogeneity, the SMD values were not substantially affected by the sequential omission of individual studies. There was no publication bias. Our systematic review and meta-analysis supports the presence of an impaired antioxidant defence system in OSA, possibly the consequence of intermittent hypoxia. Further studies are required to determine the clinical use of PON-1 measurements for risk stratification and monitoring in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmina Pau
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro G. Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Flinders Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Ghatak K, Yin GN, Hong SS, Kang JH, Suh JK, Ryu JK. Heat Shock Protein 70 in Penile Neurovascular Regeneration Requires Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:580-599. [PMID: 36047068 PMCID: PMC9482852 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus, one of the major causes of erectile dysfunction, leads to a poor response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a ubiquitous molecular chaperone, is known to play a role in cell survival and neuroprotection. Here, we aimed to assess whether and how Hsp70 improves erectile function in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and Hsp70-Tg mice were used in this study. We injected Hsp70 protein into the penis of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Detailed mechanisms were evaluated in WT or Hsp70-Tg mice under normal and diabetic conditions. Primary MCECs, and MPG and DRG tissues were cultivated under normal-glucose and high-glucose conditions. Results Using Hsp70-Tg mice or Hsp70 protein administration, we demonstrate that elevated levels of Hsp70 restores erectile function in diabetic mice. We found that cystathionine gamma-lyase (Cse) is a novel target of Hsp70 in this process, showing that Hsp70-Cse acts through the SDF1/HO-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NF-κB p65 pathway to exert its neurovascular regeneration-promoting effects. Coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays using mouse cavernous endothelial cells treated with Hsp70 demonstrated physical interactions between Hsp70 and Cse with a dissociation constant of 1.8 nmol/L. Conclusions Our findings provide novel and solid evidence that Hsp70 acts through a Cse-dependent mechanism to mediate neurovascular regeneration and restoration of erectile function under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Zhang Q, Wang P, Cong G, Liu M, Shi S, Shao D, Tan B. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of ovaries from high and low egg-laying Lingyun black-bone chickens. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1867-1880. [PMID: 34318627 PMCID: PMC8464290 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Egg‐laying rate is mainly determined by ovarian function and regulated by the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis; however, the mechanism by which the ovary regulates the egg‐laying rate is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the transcriptomes of the ovary of Lingyun black‐bone chickens with relatively high and low egg‐laying rates and screen candidate genes related to the egg‐laying rate. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was conducted to explore the chicken transcriptome from the ovarian tissue of six Lingyun black‐bone chickens with high (group G, n = 3) and low (group D, n = 3) egg‐laying rates. The results showed that 235 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the chickens with high and low egg‐laying rates; among them, 209 DEGs were up‐regulated and 26 DEGs were down‐regulated. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the up‐regulated 209 DEGs were enriched in 50 GO terms and the down‐regulated 26 DEGs were enriched in 40 GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that up‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 25 pathways and down‐regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in three pathways. Among the pathways, we found the longevity regulating pathway‐multiple species pathway, Estrogen signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway may have an essential function in regulating the egg‐laying rate. The results highlighted DEGs in the ovarian tissues of relatively high and low laying Lingyun black‐bone chicken and identified essential candidate genes related to the egg‐laying rate, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the egg‐laying rate of Lingyun black‐bone chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, P. R. China.,Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Institute of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive (Poultry Institute), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Benjie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning Guangxi, P. R. China
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Li Y, Wang Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome as a Novel Potential Risk for Aging. Aging Dis 2021; 12:586-596. [PMID: 33815884 PMCID: PMC7990365 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder, negatively influencing individuals' quality of life and socioeconomic burden. In recent years, OSAHS has been reported in not only constituting an aging-associated disease, but also in accelerating and/or potentiating aging mechanisms. However, the negative impacts of OSAHS on aging are underestimated because of low level of public awareness about this disease and high rates of undiagnosed cases, which are more critical in developing countries or economically disadvantaged regions. Hence, reviewing previously reported observations may assist scholars to better indicate that OSAHS is likely a novel potential risk for aging. Further understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of OSAHS and its role in procession of aging may markedly highlight the importance of this common sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Sex-Specific Differential Responses of Circulating Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment. A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:605-613. [PMID: 31860326 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201908-593oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Knowledge of sex-specific changes of cardiovascular biomarkers in response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is limited.Objectives: We hypothesized a differential sex-specific cardiovascular biomarker response with CPAP therapy for OSA.Methods: Participants with moderate-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, 15 events/h) were randomized to CPAP versus sham and completed polysomnography and collection of biomarkers of inflammation (myeloperoxidase, fibrinogen, paraoxonase, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-6 soluble receptor, aryl esterase, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein A, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and F2-isoprostane urine/creatinine ratio) and vascular measures at baseline and 8 weeks of therapy with either CPAP (n = 72) or sham treatment (n = 70). Post hoc secondary analyses of sex-study arm interaction relative to change in inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated via linear regression with adjustment for baseline biomarker value, age, race, body mass, index, waist circumference, and CPAP adherence. Interactions were further evaluated via sex-stratified analyses.Results: The study sample comprised a total of 149 participants aged 50.8 ± 11.7 years; 55% were male, and 55% were white. Participants had a median apnea-hypopnea index of 26.3 events per hour (interquartile range, 13-37). There were substantial interactions between study arm and sex for myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase, and fibrinogen (P = 0.03, P = 0.03, and P = 0.08, respectively). No significant interactions were found for the vascular measures. Estimates were similar but with decreased power in sex-stratified analyses, with decreased biomarkers in women and increased biomarkers in men.Conclusions: Differential sex-specific responses to CPAP therapy for OSA were observed for circulating inflammatory biomarkers, which persisted after adjustment for confounders. These findings set the stage for validation studies and, if confirmed, biochemical pathway elucidation to inform sex-specific personalized treatment approaches.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00607893).
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Madaeva IM, Kurashova NA, Semenova NV, Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI. Association Of Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia With Heat Shock Protein 70 In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2020.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction — Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes cellular stress and consequent change in inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship among nocturnal hypoxia and the serum HSP70 level in patients with severe OSA. Material and Methods — The study involved 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA (24 men and 10 women). Patients without OSA (10 men and 5 women) were included as a control group. The groups were similar in age. The polysomnographic monitoring was carried by standart methodology. Blood sampling for determining the HSP70 level was carried out between 8:00 and 9:00 am after polysomnographic monitoring. Results — The results of this study demonstrated a high apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), which determined the OSA severity and decreased the blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p<0.05). Sleep fragmentation in OSA patients confirmed an increase in respiratory arousal index (ArI). The HSP70 level significantly increased in OSA patients compared with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between HSP70 and AHI (R=0.5) in patients with OSAS, as well as a negative relationship between HSP70 and SaO2 (R=-0.3). Conclusion — Our results demonstrated a high level of HSP70 in patients with severe OSA syndrome vs. those without it. In OSA patients, a direct correlation was found between the HSP70 level and AHI, as well as an inverse correlation between the AHI level and SaO2. These findings suggested an association between the level of inducible HSP70 and nocturnal hypoxia in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina M. Madaeva
- Scientific Сentre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
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10
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Gaspar LS, Sousa C, Álvaro AR, Cavadas C, Mendes AF. Common risk factors and therapeutic targets in obstructive sleep apnea and osteoarthritis: An unexpectable link? Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105369. [PMID: 33352231 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are two highly prevalent chronic diseases for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Recent epidemiologic studies, although scarce, suggest that the concomitant occurrence of OA and OSA is associated with more severe manifestations of both diseases. Moreover, OA and OSA share risk factors, such as aging and metabolic disturbances, and co-morbidities, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, sleep deprivation and depression. Whether this coincidental occurrence is fortuitous or involves cause-effect relationships is unknown. This review aims at collating and integrating present knowledge on both diseases by providing a brief overview of their epidemiology and pathophysiology, analyzing current evidences relating OA and OSA and discussing potential common mechanisms by which they can aggravate each other. Such mechanisms constitute potential therapeutic targets whose pharmacological modulation may provide more efficient ways of reducing the consequences of OA and OSA and, thus, lessen the huge individual and social burden that they impose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia S Gaspar
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Uppangala S, Fernandes G, Salian SR, Kumar P, Talevi R, Kalthur G, Adiga SK. Reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation is associated with increased oxidative stress in the follicular environment. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:402-407. [PMID: 32387020 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Serum estradiol (E2) level is routinely used to monitor the ovarian response during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and the concentration of serum E2 may influence the oocyte quality and pregnancy outcome. However, the knowledge on the association between COH induced serum E2 level, oocyte quality and embryo development is limited. Therefore we investigated the association between serum E2 level, oxidative stress in the follicular fluid and granulosa cells (GCs) response to elucidate the association between E2 level and embryological outcome. In this study, patients (n = 30) undergoing ART were categorized as 'normal responders' (NR, n = 10), 'poor responders' (PR, n = 10) and hyper responders (HR, n = 10). The follicular fluid malondialdehyde (MDA) level was determined. The total RNA extracted from GCs was subjected to analyse the relative abundance of transcripts of stress response genes (P53, caspase 3,8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, OGG1 and heat shock protein 70; HSP70) and embryological outcome was noted. Follicular fluid MDA level was significantly higher in PR (p < 0.01) compared NR and HR whereas number of top-quality embryos were significantly lower in PR and HR compared to NR (p < 0.01). The relative expression of P53, HSP70, and OGG1 in GCs was significantly elevated in PR (p < 0.05-0.01). An inverse relationship was established between serum E2 level vs follicular MDA level (r = -0.45; p < 0.01) and follicular MDA level vs. number of top-quality embryos (r = -0.45; p < 0.01). Hence, patients with low serum E2 had elevated oxidative stress in their follicular environment and poor quality embryos implicating the risk of oxidative stress in patients with poor ovarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashree Uppangala
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Gail Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Sujith Raj Salian
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India.
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Laing EE, Möller-Levet CS, Dijk DJ, Archer SN. Identifying and validating blood mRNA biomarkers for acute and chronic insufficient sleep in humans: a machine learning approach. Sleep 2019; 42:5106128. [PMID: 30247731 PMCID: PMC6335875 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic insufficient sleep are associated with adverse health outcomes and risk of accidents. There is therefore a need for biomarkers to monitor sleep debt status. None are currently available. We applied elastic net and ridge regression to transcriptome samples collected in 36 healthy young adults during acute total sleep deprivation and following 1 week of either chronic insufficient (<6 hr) or sufficient sleep (~8.6 hr) to identify panels of mRNA biomarkers of sleep debt status. The size of identified panels ranged from 9 to 74 biomarkers. Panel performance, assessed by leave-one-subject-out cross-validation and independent validation, varied between sleep debt conditions. Using between-subject assessments based on one blood sample, the accuracy of classifying "acute sleep loss" was 92%, but only 57% for classifying "chronic sleep insufficiency." A reasonable accuracy for classifying "chronic sleep insufficiency" could only be achieved by a within-subject comparison of blood samples. Biomarkers for sleep debt status showed little overlap with previously identified biomarkers for circadian phase. Biomarkers for acute and chronic sleep loss also showed little overlap but were associated with common functions related to the cellular stress response, such as heat shock protein activity, the unfolded protein response, protein ubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and apoptosis. This characteristic response of whole blood to sleep loss can further aid our understanding of how sleep insufficiencies negatively affect health. Further development of these novel biomarkers for research and clinical practice requires validation in other protocols and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Laing
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Carla S Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Simon N Archer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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13
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Wu G, Hu X, Ding J, Yang J. Abnormal expression of HSP70 may contribute to PCOS pathology. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:74. [PMID: 31399035 PMCID: PMC6688372 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism of the pathological change of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Previous studies have shown that PCOS is a chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammatory condition, and that heat shock protein (HSP)70 has a potent anti-inflammatory property. So the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between HSP70 and the hormones and inflammatory factors and to find out the role of HSP70 in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Methods Twenty female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (aged 23 days and weighted 80-90 g) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 per group), PCOS group and control group. PCOS group were subcutaneously injected with 6 mg/100 g dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 consecutive days, the control group were subcutaneously injected with a solvent of equivalent amount. All the samples were collected in the morning fasting state, 12 h after the last administration. Histological examinations of ovarian tissues were analyzed. Hormone levels and inflammatory factors levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results Serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly higher in the PCOS group than the control group (P < 0.001), but the concentrations of estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and insulin didn’t show significant difference between these two groups. All the concentrations of inflammatory factors including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. were significantly higher in PCOS group than the control group (P < 0.001). The expressions of HSP70 were significantly lower in serum but higher in ovarian tissues in the PCOS group than the control group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with T, LH and all the detected inflammatory factors. Conclusion The abnormal expression of HSP70 correlated with testosterone and inflammatory factors, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxiang Wu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Hu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
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Kang HH, Kim IK, Lee HI, Joo H, Lim JU, Lee J, Lee SH, Moon HS. Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces liver fibrosis in mice with diet-induced obesity via TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Gaspar LS, Álvaro AR, Moita J, Cavadas C. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hallmarks of Aging. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:675-692. [PMID: 28739207 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders. Since aging is a risk factor for OSA development, it is expected that its prevalence will increase with the current increase in life span. In recent years, several studies have shown that OSA potentially contributes to functional decline, mainly prompted by chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Here, we propose that OSA might anticipate/aggravate aging by inducing cellular and molecular impairments that characterize the aging process, such as stem cell exhaustion, telomere attrition and epigenetic changes. We suggest that further knowledge on the impact of OSA on aging mechanisms might contribute to a better understanding of how OSA might putatively accelerate aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia S Gaspar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Kiernan EA, Smith SMC, Mitchell GS, Watters JJ. Mechanisms of microglial activation in models of inflammation and hypoxia: Implications for chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Physiol 2017; 594:1563-77. [PMID: 26890698 DOI: 10.1113/jp271502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a hallmark of sleep apnoea, a condition associated with diverse clinical disorders. CIH and sleep apnoea are characterized by increased reactive oxygen species formation, peripheral and CNS inflammation, neuronal death and neurocognitive deficits. Few studies have examined the role of microglia, the resident CNS immune cells, in models of CIH. Thus, little is known concerning their direct contributions to neuropathology or the cellular mechanisms regulating their activities during or following pathological CIH. In this review, we identify gaps in knowledge regarding CIH-induced microglial activation, and propose mechanisms based on data from related models of hypoxia and/or hypoxia-reoxygenation. CIH may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells. Peripheral inflammation may indirectly activate microglia via entry of pro-inflammatory molecules into the CNS, and/or activation of vagal afferents that trigger CNS inflammation. CIH-induced release of damage-associated molecular patterns from injured CNS cells may also activate microglia via interactions with pattern recognition receptors expressed on microglia. For example, Toll-like receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinase/transcription factor pathways required for microglial inflammatory gene expression. Although epigenetic effects from CIH have not yet been studied in microglia, potential epigenetic mechanisms in microglial regulation are discussed, including microRNAs, histone modifications and DNA methylation. Epigenetic effects can occur during CIH, or long after it has ended. A better understanding of CIH effects on microglial activities may be important to reverse CIH-induced neuropathology in patients with sleep disordered breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kiernan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Stephanie M C Smith
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jyoti J Watters
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Domínguez-Álvarez M, Gea J, Barreiro E. Inflammatory Events and Oxidant Production in the Diaphragm, Gastrocnemius, and Blood of Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: Therapeutic Strategies. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1165-1175. [PMID: 27635524 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that inflammatory events and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production may be differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles, and blood of a chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) experimental model and that antioxidants and TNF-alpha blockade may influence those events. In blood, diaphragm, and gastrocnemius of rats non-invasively exposed to CIH (10% hypoxia, 2 h/day, 14 consecutive days) with/without concomitant treatment with either anti-TNF-alpha antibody (infliximab) or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), inflammatory cytokines, superoxide anion production, muscle structural abnormalities, and fiber-type composition were assessed. Compared to non-exposed controls, in CIH-exposed rats, body weight gain was reduced, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma levels were increased in diaphragm, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta plasma levels were greater, systemic and muscle superoxide anion production was higher, diaphragm and gastrocnemius inflammatory cells and internal nuclei were higher, and muscle fiber-type and morphometry remained unmodified. CIH rats treated with infliximab further increased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma diaphragm levels, whereas NAC induced a reduction only in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels in diaphragm and plasma. Infliximab and NAC elicited a significant decline in superoxide anion production in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and plasma, while inducing a further increase in inflammatory cells and internal nuclei in both muscles. Proinflammatory cytokines are differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles and plasma of CIH-exposed rats, while superoxide anion production increased in both muscle types and blood. Infliximab and NAC exerted different effects. These findings may help understand the biology underlying CIH in skeletal muscles and blood of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1165-1175, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Domínguez-Álvarez
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Assessment of heat shock proteins and endothelial dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2016; 27:378-83. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Qu B, Jia Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Ren G, Wang H. The detection and role of heat shock protein 70 in various nondisease conditions and disease conditions: a literature review. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:885-92. [PMID: 26139132 PMCID: PMC4595429 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intracellular polypeptide, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation. However, the role of HSP70 in various nondisease and disease conditions remains unknown. Quantitative methods for the detection of HSP70 have been used in clinical studies, revealing that an increase in circulating HSP70 is associated with various types of exercise, elderly patients presenting with inflammation, mobile phones, inflammation, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, carotid intima-media thickness, glutamine-treated ill patients, mortality, diabetes mellitus, active chronic glomerulonephritis, and cancers. Circulating HSP70 decreases with age in humans and in obstructive sleep apnea, arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate-to-severe alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In conclusion, quantitative methods can be used to detect HSP70, particularly in determining circulating HSP70 levels, using more convenient and rapid screening methods. Studies have shown that changes in HSP70 are associated with various nondisease and disease conditions; thus, HSP70 might be a novel potential biomarker reflecting various nondisease conditions and also the severity of disease conditions. However, the reliability and accuracy, as well as the underlying mechanism, of this relationship remain poorly understood, and large-sample clinical research must be performed to verify the role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiguo Jia
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxun Liu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Ren
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
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Rajendiran S, Nimesh A, Ananthanarayanan PH, Dhiman P. Markers of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women with Sleep Disturbances. Oman Med J 2015; 30:264-9. [PMID: 26366260 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2015.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The quality and duration of sleep is impaired during pregnancy. Our study aimed to determine whether maternal sleep deprivation occurring during the second and third trimester of pregnancy could alter fetal well-being with respect to birth weight and APGAR score by altering the inflammatory status and oxidative stress in the mothers. . METHODS Sleep adequacy was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We investigated the inflammatory status and oxidative stress at term in the blood of pregnant subjects with and without sleep deprivation by measuring the levels of protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO). Homocysteine (Hcy) and its vitamin determinants were also measured. Fetal outcome with respect to birth weight and APGAR score were compared between study subjects. . RESULTS A significant increase was observed in the levels of hsCRP, PBSA, Hcy, MDA, and PCO, in the sleep-deprived group when compared to the control group. Fetal outcome at birth showed a significant difference between the cases with high sleep deprivation and those with low sleep deprivation. . CONCLUSION Sleep deprivation in pregnancy leads to an increase in the inflammatory parameters, oxidative stress, and Hcy levels. Fetal outcome at birth was affected more in mothers with high sleep deprivation than those with low sleep deprivation. Follow-up in these babies are needed to reveal any differences in their growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundravally Rajendiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Archana Nimesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | - P H Ananthanarayanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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21
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İn E, Özdemir C, Kaman D, Sökücü SN. Heat Shock Proteins, L-Arginine, and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:544-50. [PMID: 26055465 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial inflammation and enhanced oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of this study was to determine the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, HSP70, HSP90, L-arginine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients with OSAS and determine their relationship with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients with OSAS, comprising 26 with and 14 without traditional CV risk factors (obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking), and 20 control subjects without OSAS were included. All patients underwent a full polysomnographic evaluation, and blood samples were obtained in the morning after the night the diagnostic study was performed. RESULTS No significant differences were found in serum HSP27 and HSP70 levels between the groups. HSP90 and ADMA levels increased significantly, whereas L-arginine levels decreased significantly in patients with OSAS, both with and without CV risk factors, compared with controls, but were not different among the subgroups. In all patients with OSAS, serum HSP70 levels were positively correlated with a percent time with saturation<90% (r=.349, P=.027). Serum L-arginine levels were negatively correlated with desaturation number (r=-.360, P=.022) and apnea-hypopnea index (r=-.354, P=.025) and positively correlated with mean oxygen saturation (r=.328, P=.039). CONCLUSION Serum levels of HSP90 and ADMA increased, whereas those of L-arginine decreased in patients with OSAS regardless of CV risk factors. These findings indicate the presence of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal İn
- Department of Chest Diseases, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazıg, Turquía.
| | - Cengiz Özdemir
- Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Estambul, Turquía
| | - Dilara Kaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazıg, Turquía
| | - Sinem Nedime Sökücü
- Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Estambul, Turquía
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Biomarkers to improve diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: current status and future perspectives. Pulm Med 2014; 2014:930535. [PMID: 25538852 PMCID: PMC4265695 DOI: 10.1155/2014/930535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse associated with oxygen desaturation and sleep disruption. It is proposed that these periodic changes lead to molecular variations that can be detected by assessing serum biomarkers. Studies have identified inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic perturbations attributable to sleep-disordered breathing. Given that OSAS is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity, the ideal biomarker should enable timely recognition with the possibility of intervention. There is accumulating data on the utility of serum biomarkers for the evaluation of disease severity, prognosis, and response to treatment. However, current knowledge is limited by data collection techniques, disease complexity, and potential confounding factors. The current paper reviews the literature on the use of serum biomarkers in OSAS. It is concluded that the ideal serum biomarker still needs to be discovered, while caution is needed in the interpretation of hitherto available results.
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Yuan X, Deng Y, Guo X, Shang J, Zhu D, Liu H. Atorvastatin attenuates myocardial remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: partly involvement of TLR-4/MYD88 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:292-7. [PMID: 24582748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are known to play a key role in the development of cardiovascular complications such as cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the most characteristic pathophysiological change of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Current evidence suggests that competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA coenzyme A reductase, such as atorvastatin, not only reduce blood lipids but also have anti-inflammatory and inhibit oxidative stress benefits. This study examined the protective role of atorvastatin in CIH-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Adult male wistar rats were subjected to 8h of intermittent hypoxia/day, with/without atorvastatin for 6 weeks. Ventricular remodeling, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88), inflammatory agents and radical oxygen species were determined. As a result, we found that treatment with atorvastatin markedly inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88 and the downstream inflammatory agents and radical oxygen species. Administration of atorvastatin following CIH significantly ameliorated the myocardial injury, such as cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, Pre-CIH atorvastatin administration may attenuate TLR-4/MYD88 mediated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in the injured rat myocardium, and this may be one mechanism by which atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial injury following CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xueling Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Die Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Thomas JJ, Ren J. Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular complications: perception versus knowledge. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 39:995-1003. [PMID: 23082844 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has confirmed that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) significantly promotes cardiovascular risk, independent of age, sex, race and other common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, drinking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Patients with severe OSA exhibit a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. Despite the tight correlation between sleep apnoea and these comorbidities, the mechanisms behind increased cardiovascular risk in OSA remain elusive. Several theories have been postulated, including sympathetic activation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. The association between OSA and cardiovascular diseases may be rather complicated and compounded by the presence of components of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. The present minireview updates current knowledge with regard to the cardiovascular sequelae of OSA and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joi J Thomas
- Division of Kinesiology and Health & Biomedical Science, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
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Ackermann K, Plomp R, Lao O, Middleton B, Revell VL, Skene DJ, Kayser M. Effect of sleep deprivation on rhythms of clock gene expression and melatonin in humans. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:901-9. [PMID: 23738906 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.784773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on the human circadian system. Plasma melatonin and cortisol levels and leukocyte expression levels of 12 genes were examined over 48 h (sleep vs. no-sleep nights) in 12 young males (mean±SD: 23±5 yrs). During one night of total sleep deprivation, BMAL1 expression was suppressed, the heat shock gene HSPA1B expression was induced, and the amplitude of the melatonin rhythm increased, whereas other high-amplitude clock gene rhythms (e.g., PER1-3, REV-ERBα) remained unaffected. These data suggest that the core clock mechanism in peripheral oscillators is compromised during acute sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ackermann
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gao H, Meng J, Xu M, Zhang S, Ghose B, Liu J, Yao P, Yan H, Wang D, Liu L. Serum Heat Shock Protein 70 Concentration in Relation to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a Non-Obese Chinese Population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67727. [PMID: 23825680 PMCID: PMC3688989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents the most common cause of anovulatory infertility and affects 6-15% of women of reproductive age. However, the underlying etiology is still poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to examine the association between circulating heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) concentrations and PCOS in a non-obese Chinese population. Methods and Results Human peripheral blood from 52 patients with PCOS and 57 healthy controls, matched for age and BMI, were analyzed. Women with PCOS were found to have significantly higher fasting insulin (FI) levels, as well as Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (P < 0.05). Identically, markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-Hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), Nitric oxide (NO)) and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP)) were markedly increased when compared to controls (P < 0.05). Elevated serum Hsp70 was positively correlated with IR, oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS, even after adjustment for age, BMI and gynecologic inflammation (GI). The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis yielded notably different discriminative value for PCOS, with or without an addition of Hsp70 (areas under the curves were 0.884 (95% CI 0.822-0.946) vs. 0.822 (95% CI 0.744-0.900); P for difference = 0.015). Conclusions and Significance Increased serum Hsp70 levels are associated with the combination of IR, oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation in PCOS individuals, which provides supportive evidence that Hsp70 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. More consequent studies were warranted to confirm the clinical utility of circulating Hsp70, especially in diagnosis and prognosis of PCOS and its long-term health cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Meng
- Reproductive medicine center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bishwajit Ghose
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yan
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangyang Food and Drug Administration, Xiangyang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LL); (DW)
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LL); (DW)
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Toll-like receptor activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2012; 17:1009-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic cough is defined as cough lasting more than 2 months. Common causes for chronic cough in nonsmokers with normal chest radiographs and pulmonary functions include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), cough-variant asthma (CVA), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). Current guidelines recommend diagnosing the etiology of chronic cough based upon the results of therapy for suspected GERD, CVA, and UACS. Despite following current recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, the cause for a significant proportion of chronic cough remains unexplained.Recent reports indicate the resolution of chronic cough following treatment of concomitantly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Whether this represents a co-occurrence of two commonly prevalent disorders or a pathophysiologic relationship between OSA and cough remains unknown. This review offers insights into a pathophysiologic link between OSA and the commonly purported etiologies for cough, namely, GERD, UACS, and CVA. In addition, evidence for a relationship between airway inflammation that can trigger or perpetuate cough and OSA is discussed. This review explores mechanisms by which nocturnal continuous positive airway therapy resolves cough by improving underlying airway inflammation secondary to OSA and impacts upon GERD, CVA, and UACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Utah Valley Pulmonary Clinic, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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Jurado-Gamez B, Bujalance Cabrera C, Caballero Ballesteros L, Marin Hinojosa C, Muñoz Cabrera L, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Association of cellular adhesion molecules and oxidative stress with endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea. Intern Med 2012; 51:363-8. [PMID: 22333370 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of oxidative stress and cellular adhesion molecules on ischemic reactive hyperemia (IRH) in patients with OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients treated at a sleep laboratory and whose polysomnography showed an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 were included in the study. Patients with acute illness receiving vasoactive medications were excluded. Based on their oxygen desaturation index (ODI), subjects were assigned to the mild-moderate (ODI ≤30) or the severe desaturation group (ODI >30). Then IRH and oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and proinflammatory markers (ICAM-1 and P-selectin) were measured. RESULTS Sixty-eight subjects with OSA were included, 31 in the mild-moderate desaturation group and 37 in the severe group. No differences by age, gender and body mass index were observed. The severe desaturation group showed significantly higher values in the AHI, MDA, ICAM-1 and P-selectin (p<0.005), as well as a worsening of IRH (p=0.001). Only ICAM-1 (p=0.019) and P-selectin (p=0.033) were independently associated with IRH in a multiple-linear regression model. CONCLUSION Patients with OSA and greater intermittent hypoxia showed worse endothelial function, and higher levels of MDA, ICAM-1 and P-selectin. Nevertheless, ICAM-1 and P-selectin rather than MDA were independently associated with IRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernabe Jurado-Gamez
- Sleep Unit, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Spain.
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Krepuska M, Szeberin Z, Sótonyi P, Sarkadi H, Fehérvári M, Apor A, Rimely E, Prohászka Z, Acsády G. Serum level of soluble Hsp70 is associated with vascular calcification. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:257-65. [PMID: 21046302 PMCID: PMC3077222 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been previously reported that serum levels of 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) are elevated in peripheral artery disease. The aim of the present study was to examine whether increased serum Hsp70 levels are related to the extent of arterial calcification and standard laboratory parameters of patients with peripheral artery disease, as well as to markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein), atherosclerosis (homocysteine), and calcification (fetuin-a). One hundred eighty chronic atherosclerotic patients with significant carotid stenosis and/or lower extremity vascular disease were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Systemic atherosclerosis and calcification was assessed by ultrasound (carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), presence of calcification at the abdominal aorta, carotid and femoral bifurcations, and aortic and mitral cardiac valves). Standard serum markers of inflammation, diabetes, renal function, ankle-brachial indexes, and traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis were noted. Serum Hsp70 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Standard laboratory parameters (clinical chemistry), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine levels were determined by an autoanalyzer using the manufacturer's kits. Fetuin-a levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Patients' median age was 64 (57-71) years, 69% were men, and 34.5% had diabetes. Serum heat shock protein 70 levels were significantly higher in patients with more severe arterial calcification (p < 0.02) and showed significant positive correlations with serum bilirubin (r = 0.23, p = 0.002) and homocysteine levels (r = 0.18, p = 0.02). Serum Hsp70 did not correlate with body mass index, IMT, CRP, or fetuin-a levels in this cohort. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between sHsp70 and calcification score (OR, 2.189; CI, 1.156-4.144, p = 0.016) and this correlation remained significant (OR, 2.264; CI, 1.021-5.020, p = 0.044) after the adjustment for age, sex, eGFR, smoking, CRP, and homocysteine levels. Our data show that serum Hsp70 levels correlate with the severity of atherosclerosis in patients with carotid artery disease and chronic lower limb ischemia. These data support a putative role for plasma Hsp70 in the development of arterial calcification. Nevertheless, further studies are required to investigate the usefulness of circulating Hsp70 level as a marker of atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Krepuska
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Városmajor u. 68, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wang Y, Zhang SXL, Gozal D. Reactive oxygen species and the brain in sleep apnea. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2010; 174:307-16. [PMID: 20833273 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rodents exposed to intermittent hypoxia (IH), a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), manifest impaired learning and memory and somnolence. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative tissue damage, and apoptotic neuronal cell death are associated with the presence of IH-induced CNS dysfunction. Furthermore, treatment with antioxidants or overexpression of antioxidant enzymes is neuroprotective during IH. These findings mimic clinical cases of OSA and suggest that ROS may play a key causal role in OSA-induced neuropathology. Controlled production of ROS occurs in multiple subcellular compartments of normal cells and de-regulation of such processes may result in excessive ROS production. The mitochondrial electron transport chain, especially complexes I and III, and the NADPH oxidase in the cellular membrane are the two main sources of ROS in brain cells, although other systems, including xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450, may all play a role. The initial evidence for NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial involvement in IH-induced ROS production and neuronal injury unquestionably warrants future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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