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Kofler M, Valls-Solé J, Thurner M, Pucks-Faes E, Versace V. In the spotlight: How the brainstem modulates information flow. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 148:52-64. [PMID: 36801494 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The blink reflex (BR) to supraorbital nerve (SON) stimulation is reduced by either a low-intensity prepulse stimulus to digital nerves (prepulse inhibition, PPI) or a conditioning SON stimulus (SON-1) of the same intensity as the test (SON-2) stimulus (paired-pulse paradigm). We studied how PPI affects BR excitability recovery (BRER) to paired SON stimulation. METHODS Electrical prepulses were applied to the index finger 100 ms before SON-1, which was followed by SON-2 at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 100, 300, or 500 ms. RESULTS BRs to SON-1 showed PPI proportional to prepulse intensity, but this did not affect BRER at any ISI. PPI was observed on the BR to SON-2 only when additional prepulses were applied 100 ms before SON-2, regardless of the size of BRs to SON-1. CONCLUSIONS In BR paired-pulse paradigms, the size of the response to SON-2 is not determined by the size of the response to SON-1. PPI does not leave any trace of inhibitory activity after it is enacted. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that BR response size to SON-2 depends on SON-1 stimulus intensity and not SON-1 response size, an observation that calls for further physiological studies and cautions against unanimous clinical applicability of BRER curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria.
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno-Sterzing, Italy; Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria.
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2
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Demidova A, Kahl E, Fendt M. Orexin deficiency affects sensorimotor gating and its amphetamine-induced impairment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110517. [PMID: 35101602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The orexin neuropeptides have an important role in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and foraging, as well as in reward processing and emotions. Furthermore, recent research implicates the orexin system in different behavioral endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric diseases such as social avoidance and cognitive flexibility. Utilizing orexin-deficient mice, the present study tested the hypothesis that orexin is involved in two further mouse behavioral endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., sensorimotor gating and amphetamine sensitivity. The data revealed that orexin-deficient mice expressed a deficit in sensorimotor gating, measured by prepulse inhibition of the startle response. Amphetamine treatment impaired prepulse inhibition in wildtype and heterozygous orexin-deficient mice, but had no effects in homozygous orexin-deficient mice. Furthermore, locomotor activity and center time in the open field was not affected by orexin deficiency but was similarly increased or decreased, respectively, by amphetamine treatment in all genotypes. These data indicate that the orexin system modulates prepulse inhibition and is involved in mediating amphetamine's effect on prepulse inhibition. Future studies should investigate whether pharmacological manipulations of the orexin system can be used to treat neuropsychiatric diseases associated with deficits in sensorimotor gating, such as schizophrenia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Demidova
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Psychology Master Program, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kahl
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Psychology Master Program, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
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3
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Halbmayer LM, Kofler M, Hitzenberger G, Matzak H, Fava E, Genelin E, Werkmann M, Saltuari L, Versace V, Dobesberger J, Pucks-Faes E. On the recovery of disorders of consciousness under intrathecal baclofen administration for severe spasticity-An observational study. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2566. [PMID: 35398998 PMCID: PMC9120732 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occasionally, patients show dramatic recovery from disorders of consciousness (DOC) under intrathecal baclofen (ITB), an established treatment option for severe supraspinal spasticity. Anecdotal explanations for ITB-related recovery of cognition include modulation of afferent impulses at the spinal level, thereby reducing spasticity-related proprioceptive information overload within cortico-thalamo-cortical connections. OBJECTIVE In this retrospective patient chart analysis, we assessed whether a reduction in spasticity would be associated with an increase in Coma Recovery Scale revised (CRS-R) scores in a larger sample of patients than previously published. METHODS From a hospital-based ITB treatment register, we extracted data from 26 patients with DOC and severe supraspinal spasticity who improved by >2 points on the Coma Recovery Scale revised (CRS-R) within 6 months after ITB treatment initiation. We assessed Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) scores and CRS-R scores on admission (PRE) and 3 and 6 months after initiation of ITB treatment (3M, 6M). We performed correlation analysis of the scores and their respective changes (PRE to 3M, 3M to 6M). We also correlated the time from acute event until ITB initiation to CRS-R scores at 3M and 6M. RESULTS ITB led to significant improvement in spasticity based on MAS scores, which did not correlate to the improvements seen in CRS-R total and subscale scores. Daily ITB dose did neither correlate to MAS scores nor to CRS-total scores in the whole patient group, but after 3 months, ITB dose correlated to some CRS-R subscale scores in some patient subgroups. Time until ITB treatment did not correlate to CRS-R scores later on. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that ITB may exert beneficial effects in selected DOC patients with respect to improved cognitive functions, which, however, do not correlate to its antispastic effect. The lack of correlation between time to ITB and CRS-R outcome, but significant CRS-R improvements following pump implantation, renders spontaneous remissions unlikely and leaves room for alternative pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | | | | | - Elena Fava
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | | | - Mario Werkmann
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno, Italy.,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno (SABES-ASDAA), Vipiteno, Italy
| | - Judith Dobesberger
- Rehabilitation Center Großgmain, Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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4
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Versace V, Campostrini S, Sebastianelli L, Saltuari L, Valls-Solé J, Kofler M. Threat vs control: Potentiation of the trigeminal blink reflex by threat proximity is overruled by self-stimulation. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13626. [PMID: 32573801 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the defensive blink reflex is modulated by continuous assessment of its protective value. Here, we studied whether the trigeminal blink reflex (TBR) is modulated by a potentially offensive object close to the face, and, if so, whether self-stimulation or observation of the act of stimulus triggering counteracts such modulation. In all, 26 healthy volunteers participated in various experimental conditions. At baseline, an experimenter triggered supraorbital nerve stimuli remotely, unseen by the participants; in experimental conditions, the experimenter held a stimulation probe close to the participant's face but triggered the stimuli either remotely, "surprising" participants (S1 ), or directly on the probe, observed by participants (S2 ). In other conditions, participants triggered stimuli themselves on the probe held next to their body (S3 ) or held in front of their face (S4 ). The latter condition was repeated similarly, but pressing the button only randomly generated electrical stimuli (S5, "Russian roulette"). The size of the R2 component of the TBR (TBR-R2) was the main outcome measure. Compared to baseline, TBR-R2 area was significantly larger in S1 when the "threatening" probe was close to the face and the participant had no control over stimulation. Conversely, TBR-R2 was suppressed when participants either saw the action of triggering, thus being aware (S2 ), or had full initiative over stimulation (S3 , S4 ). Random self-generated stimuli (S5 ) inhibited TBR-R2, but to a lesser extent than S3 and S4. Perceived threat close to the face facilitates TBR-R2, but knowledge about impending stimulation or self-agency overrules this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno/Sterzing, Vipiteno/Sterzing, Italy.,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation of South Tyrol, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Stefania Campostrini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno/Sterzing, Vipiteno/Sterzing, Italy.,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation of South Tyrol, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno/Sterzing, Vipiteno/Sterzing, Italy.,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation of South Tyrol, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation of South Tyrol, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - Josep Valls-Solé
- IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació August Pi i Sunyer), Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
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5
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Garcia-Rill E, Saper CB, Rye DB, Kofler M, Nonnekes J, Lozano A, Valls-Solé J, Hallett M. Focus on the pedunculopontine nucleus. Consensus review from the May 2018 brainstem society meeting in Washington, DC, USA. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:925-940. [PMID: 30981899 PMCID: PMC7365492 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the mesopontine tegmentum and is best delimited by a group of large cholinergic neurons adjacent to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. This part of the brain, populated by many other neuronal groups, is a crossroads for many important functions. Good evidence relates the PPN to control of reflex reactions, sleep-wake cycles, posture and gait. However, the precise role of the PPN in all these functions has been controversial and there still are uncertainties in the functional anatomy and physiology of the nucleus. It is difficult to grasp the extent of the influence of the PPN, not only because of its varied functions and projections, but also because of the controversies arising from them. One controversy is its relationship to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). In this regard, the PPN has become a new target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of parkinsonian gait disorders, including freezing of gait. This review is intended to indicate what is currently known, shed some light on the controversies that have arisen, and to provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - C B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Rye
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - J Nonnekes
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Valls-Solé
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hanzlíková Z, Kofler M, Slovák M, Věchetová G, Fečíková A, Kemlink D, Sieger T, Růžička E, Valls‐Solé J, Edwards MJ, Serranová T. Prepulse inhibition of the blink reflex is abnormal in functional movement disorders. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hanzlíková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Markus Kofler
- Department of NeurologyHochzirl Hospital Hochzirl Austria
| | - Matěj Slovák
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Věchetová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anna Fečíková
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Sieger
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical EngineeringCzech Technical University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Evžen Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Josep Valls‐Solé
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clíınic, Facultad de MedicinaUniversitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Mark J. Edwards
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical SciencesSt George's University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Tereza Serranová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical NeuroscienceCharles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic
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Choudhury S, Singh R, Chatterjee P, Trivedi S, Shubham S, Baker MR, Kumar H, Baker SN. Abnormal Blink Reflex and Intermuscular Coherence in Writer's Cramp. Front Neurol 2018; 9:517. [PMID: 30013510 PMCID: PMC6037196 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Writer's cramp (WC) is a task-specific focal hand dystonia presenting with pain, stiffness and/or tremor while writing. We explored the involvement of cortical and brainstem circuits by measuring intermuscular coherence (IMC) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the blink reflex. Methods: IMC was measured in 10 healthy controls and 20 WC patients (10 with associated tremor) while they performed a precision grip task at different force levels. Blink responses were evaluated in 9 healthy controls and 10 WC patients by stimulating the right supraorbital nerve and recording surface EMG from the orbicularis oculi muscles bilaterally. PPI involved conditioning this stimulation with a prior shock to the right median nerve (100 ms interval), and measuring the reduction in the R2 component of the blink reflex. Results: Significant IMC at 3-7 Hz was present in WC patients, but not in healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, in WC patients the R2 component of the blink reflex showed significantly less PPI. IMC at 3-7 Hz could reliably discriminate WC patients from healthy controls. Conclusion: Cortical or sub-cortical circuits generating theta (3-7 Hz) oscillations might play an important role in the pathogenesis of WC. Moreover, the lack of PPI implicates abnormalities in brainstem inhibition in the emergence of WC. IMC may merit further development as an electrodiagnostic test for focal dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Santosh Trivedi
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Shantanu Shubham
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Mark R. Baker
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Ram Gopal Chamaria Research Center, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Stuart N. Baker
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Öz P, Gökalp HK, Göver T, Uzbay T. Dose-dependent and opposite effects of orexin A on prepulse inhibition response in sleep-deprived and non-sleep-deprived rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 346:73-79. [PMID: 29237551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Orexin is a novel neurotransmitter released from lateral hypothalamus, that is a crucial modulator in sleep/wakefulness system. Recent studies also suggest its possible role in the neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Our study consists of two experiments, where we investigate the effect of orexin A (OXA), one of two isoforms of orexin that can pass blood brain barrier, on the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle reflex. The first experiment tested the effect of OXA on PPI response of non-sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection 30min before testing. Our results show that 40μg/kg OXA attenuates PPI% at 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities. The second experiment utilized 72-h REM sleep deprivation, as a model for sleep-deprivation-induced impairment of PPI response. Here, we tested the effect of OXA on PPI% of sleep-deprived rats via intraperitoneal injection at the last 30min of sleep deprivation, testing for PPI immediately afterwards. Our results showed that (1) sleep deprivation attenuates the PPI% at 74dB, 78dB and 86dB prepulse intensities and (2) 10μg/kg OXA completely restores the impaired PPI% at 78dB only, where the highest PPI% impairment was observed. These results suggest that orexin A modulates PPI response in rats in a dose-dependent manner, oppositely for non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats, and a more detailed investigation for the etiology of this effect should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Kübra Gökalp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Göver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Application and Research Center, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Öztürk O, Gündüz A, Kızıltan ME. Deficient median nerve prepulse inhibition of the blink reflex in cervical dystonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3524-3528. [PMID: 27815976 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the blink reflex (BR) in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) to examine the sensory modulation of the motor system. METHODS This study enrolled 22 consecutive patients with idiopathic CD and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Prepulse inhibition of the BR was recorded after stimulating the median nerve at the wrist using an electrical stimulus twice at a perception threshold 100ms before a test stimulus to the supraorbital nerve. RESULTS The R2 area and amplitude were significantly reduced and the R2 latency delayed after the conditioned stimulus in patients with CD. The R1 latency and amplitude did not differ between trials in patients with CD. In healthy subjects, the R1 amplitude was higher, whereas the R2 latency was delayed and the R2 amplitude and area were reduced after the conditioned stimulus. However, there was significantly less R2 and R2c area suppression in patients compared with healthy subjects. ANOVA showed that reduction of R2 area after conditioned stimulus (F=6.620, p=0.003) and percentage change of R2 area (F=5.217, p=0.009) were lower in patients with and without sensory tricks compared with healthy subjects, whereas the reduction in PPI was pronounced in patients without a sensory trick compared with healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CD show significantly less prepulse R2 inhibition than healthy subjects, but this occurred without R1 facilitation. The absence of a sensory trick leads to the more pronounced reduction of PPI. SIGNIFICANCE The modulatory effects of sensory inputs are lost in patients with CD without sensory tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Öztürk
- Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gündüz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
| | - Meral E Kızıltan
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey
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10
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Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits in fibromyalgia: Evidence of brainstem dysfunction. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:593-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Zoetmulder M, Biernat HB, Nikolic M, Korbo L, Jennum PJ. Sensorimotor gating deficits in multiple system atrophy: Comparison with Parkinson's disease and idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:297-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Dijk DJ. Imaging and monitoring sleep and its disorders: local sleep, circadian rhythms and variability. J Sleep Res 2014; 21:485-6. [PMID: 23004937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Nardone R, Golaszewski S, Höller Y, Christova M, Trinka E, Brigo F. Neurophysiological insights into the pathophysiology of REM sleep behavior disorders: A review. Neurosci Res 2013; 76:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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