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Yousfan A, Rubio N, Al-Ali M, Nattouf AH, Kafa H. Intranasal delivery of phenytoin-loaded nanoparticles to the brain suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized tonic clonic seizures in an epilepsy mouse model. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7547-7564. [PMID: 34652351 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we describe the preparation and characterization of lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles (L10Ci+), and investigate their ability to deliver the anti-epileptic drug phenytoin (PHT) to mouse brain following intranasal (IN) administration. L10Ci+ were retained in the nasal cavity compared to PHT in PEG200 solution (PHT/PEG), which suffered immediate nasal drainage. PHT was detected in the brain after 5 min of IN administration reaching a maximum of 11.84 ± 2.31 %ID g-1 after 48 hours. L10Ci+ were associated with a higher brain/plasma ratio (Cb/p) compared to the experimental control comprising free PHT injected via the intraperitoneal route (PHT-IP) across all tested time points. Additionally, L10Ci+ led to lower PHT accumulation in the liver and spleen compared to PHT-IP, which is vital for lowering the systemic side effects of PHT. The relatively high drug targeting efficiency (DTE%) of 315.46% and the drug targeting percentage (DTP%) of 68.29%, combined with the increasing anterior-to-posterior gradient of PHT in the brain confirmed the direct nose-to-brain transport of PHT from L10Ci+. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was used to monitor seizure progression. L10Ci+ resulted in a complete seizure suppression after 4 hours of administration, and this inhibition persisted even with an 8-fold reduction of the encapsulated dose compared to the required PHT-IP dose to achieve a similar inhibitory effect due to systemic loss. The presented findings confirm the possibility of using L10Ci+ as a non-invasive delivery system of PHT for the management of epilepsy using reduced doses of PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Yousfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammad Al-Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Abdul Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
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2
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Ashour DS. Ivermectin: From theory to clinical application. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:134-142. [PMID: 31071469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 250 million people have been using ivermectin (IVM) annually to combat many parasitic diseases including filariasis, onchocerciasis, strongyloidiasis, scabies and pediculosis. Many clinical studies have proven its efficacy against these diseases and have reported the optimum dose and duration of treatment. Moreover, its antiparasitic range has increased to cover more parasitic infections, but it still requires further exploration, e.g. for trichinosis and myiasis. Furthermore, IVM showed high efficacy in killing vectors of disease-causing parasites such as mosquitoes, sandflies and tsetse flies. The World Health Organization (WHO) has managed many control programmes involving the use of IVM to achieve elimination of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis and to reduce malaria transmission. However, IVM is not exempt from the possibility of resistance and, certainly, its intensive use has led to the emergence of resistance in some parasites. Recent research is investigating the possibility of novel drug delivery systems for IVM that increase its potential to treat a new range of diseases and to overcome the possibility of drug resistance. This review highlights the most common human uses of IVM, with special reference to the new and promising properties of IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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3
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Sangaré AK, Doumbo OK, Raoult D. Management and Treatment of Human Lice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8962685. [PMID: 27529073 PMCID: PMC4978820 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8962685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Of the three lice (head, body, and pubic louse) that infest humans, the body louse is the species involved in epidemics of louse-borne typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever, but all the three cause pediculosis. Their infestations occur today in many countries despite great efforts to maintain high standards of public health. In this review, literature searches were performed through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost, with key search words of "Pediculus humanus", "lice infestation", "pediculosis", and "treatment"; and controlled clinical trials were viewed with great interest. Removing lice by hand or with a lice comb, heating infested clothing, and shaving the scalp were some of the oldest methods of controlling human lice. Despite the introduction of other resources including cresol, naphthalene, sulfur, mercury, vinegar, petroleum, and insecticides, the numbers of lice infestation cases and resistance have increased. To date, viable alternative treatments to replace insecticides have been developed experimentally in vitro. Today, the development of new treatment strategies such as symbiotic treatment and synergistic treatment (antibiotics + ivermectin) in vitro has proved effective and is promising. Here, we present an overview on managing and treating human lice and highlight new strategies to more effectively fight pediculosis and prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Karim Sangaré
- Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH) UMI3189, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH) UMI3189, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Raoult
- Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Lanusse CE, Alvarez LI, Lifschitz AL. Gaining Insights Into the Pharmacology of Anthelmintics Using Haemonchus contortus as a Model Nematode. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:465-518. [PMID: 27238011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progress made in understanding pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drug action/resistance has allowed deep insights into the pharmacology of the main chemical classes, including some of the few recently discovered anthelmintics. The integration of pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has contributed considerably to the optimization of drug activity, which is relevant to preserve existing and novel active compounds for parasite control in livestock. A remarkable amount of pharmacology-based knowledge has been generated using the sheep abomasal nematode Haemonchus contortus as a model. Relevant fundamental information on the relationship among drug influx/efflux balance (accumulation), biotransformation/detoxification and pharmacological effects in parasitic nematodes for the most traditional anthelmintic chemical families has been obtained by exploiting the advantages of working with H. contortus under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental conditions. The scientific contributions to the pharmacology of anthelmintic drugs based on the use of H. contortus as a model nematode are summarized in the present chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - L I Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A L Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
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5
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Synergistic activity of antibiotics combined with ivermectin to kill body lice. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 47:217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Guseman AJ, Miller K, Kunkle G, Dively GP, Pettis JS, Evans JD, vanEngelsdorp D, Hawthorne DJ. Multi-Drug Resistance Transporters and a Mechanism-Based Strategy for Assessing Risks of Pesticide Combinations to Honey Bees. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148242. [PMID: 26840460 PMCID: PMC4740413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual losses of honey bee colonies remain high and pesticide exposure is one possible cause. Dangerous combinations of pesticides, plant-produced compounds and antibiotics added to hives may cause or contribute to losses, but it is very difficult to test the many combinations of those compounds that bees encounter. We propose a mechanism-based strategy for simplifying the assessment of combinations of compounds, focusing here on compounds that interact with xenobiotic handling ABC transporters. We evaluate the use of ivermectin as a model substrate for these transporters. Compounds that increase sensitivity of bees to ivermectin may be inhibiting key transporters. We show that several compounds commonly encountered by honey bees (fumagillin, Pristine, quercetin) significantly increased honey bee mortality due to ivermectin and significantly reduced the LC50 of ivermectin suggesting that they may interfere with transporter function. These inhibitors also significantly increased honey bees sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid. This mechanism-based strategy may dramatically reduce the number of tests needed to assess the possibility of adverse combinations among pesticides. We also demonstrate an in vivo transporter assay that provides physical evidence of transporter inhibition by tracking the dynamics of a fluorescent substrate of these transporters (Rhodamine B) in bee tissues. Significantly more Rhodamine B remains in the head and hemolymph of bees pretreated with higher concentrations of the transporter inhibitor verapamil. Mechanism-based strategies for simplifying the assessment of adverse chemical interactions such as described here could improve our ability to identify those combinations that pose significantly greater risk to bees and perhaps improve the risk assessment protocols for honey bees and similar sensitive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Guseman
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kaliah Miller
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Grace Kunkle
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Galen P. Dively
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Pettis
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay D. Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis vanEngelsdorp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Hawthorne
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Menozzi A, Bertini S, Turin L, Serventi P, Kramer L, Bazzocchi C. Doxycycline levels and anti-Wolbachia antibodies in sera from dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis and treated with a combination of ivermectin/doxycycline. Vet Parasitol 2015; 209:281-4. [PMID: 25769472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sera from Dirofilaria immitis-experimentally infected dogs treated with a combination of ivermectin/doxycycline were analysed for doxycycline levels by HPLC and anti-Wolbachia Surface Protein (rWSP) antibodies by ELISA and compared with sera from dogs treated with doxycycline alone. Results show that doxycycline levels were not statistically different between the two groups. Circulating anti-WSP antibody titres were markedly lower in both treatment groups when compared to control D. immitis infected dogs, indicating that doxycycline is able to reduce Wolbachia and prevent the immune response against the bacteria. The combination treatment protocol has been shown to be highly adulticidal and further studies are needed to better understand the interaction between doxycycline and ivermectin in D. immitis infected dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menozzi
- Dip Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - S Bertini
- Dip Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Turin
- Dip di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P Serventi
- Dip Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - L Kramer
- Dip Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - C Bazzocchi
- Dip di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Heckler R, Almeida G, Santos L, Borges D, Neves J, Onizuka M, Borges F. P-gp modulating drugs greatly potentiate the in vitro effect of ivermectin against resistant larvae of Haemonchus placei. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with fumagillin. Transplantation 2013; 96:e66-7. [PMID: 24132119 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182a902e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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In vitro and in vivo interaction of moxidectin with BCRP/ABCG2. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:106-12. [PMID: 19428349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study characterizes the interaction between BCRP/ABCG2 and moxidectin by means of cellular transport, and pharmacokinetic studies in Bcrp1 (-/-) and wild-type mice. Milbemycin moxidectin ([(3)H]-moxidectin) was tested for its ability to be transported across MCDK-II epithelial monolayer cultures transfected with BCRP. In a second approach, accumulation assays by BCRP-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes were carried out. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies were performed in order to establish the role of the transporter in milk secretion and tissue distribution. The efflux was negligible in polarized cells but moxidectin was efficiently transported in BCRP-expressing X. laevis oocytes. The transport was blocked by an acridone derivative, a novel BCRP inhibitor. Moxidectin secretion into breast milk was decreased in Bcrp1-knockout mice and the milk to plasma ratio was 2-fold higher in wild-type mice after i.v. administration. Drug accumulation in intestinal content, bile, and intestine was higher in wild-type mice but the plasma concentration was not different. Moxidectin is identified as a BCRP substrate since its Bcrp1-mediated secretion into breast milk and the involvement of Bcrp1 in intestinal and bile secretion has been demonstrated. This interaction has pharmacokinetic and toxicological consequences. The most important toxicological consequences of the interaction between BCRP and moxidectin may be related with the presence of drug residues in milk.
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Combined ivermectin and doxycycline treatment has microfilaricidal and adulticidal activity against Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected dogs. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:1401-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Lespine A, Alvinerie M, Vercruysse J, Prichard RK, Geldhof P. ABC transporter modulation: a strategy to enhance the activity of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. Trends Parasitol 2008; 24:293-8. [PMID: 18514030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of parasites resistant to anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones (MLs) threatens to severely limit current parasite control strategies. Improving the current ML-based chemotherapy to perpetuate the efficacy of this broad-spectrum class of anthelmintics would be advantageous. In recent years it has become evident that the absorption, distribution and elimination of the MLs in hosts and parasites are under the control of multidrug resistance transporters (MDRs) such as P-glycoproteins. Theoretically, the inhibition of these transporters should result in an increase of the drug concentration in the organisms and higher treatment efficiency. This opinion article will discuss the recent findings in this research field and assess the possibilities of this approach being used in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lespine
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, INRA, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, 31931 Toulouse, France.
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