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Araújo RA, Sales NAA, Basile RC, Feringer-Junior WH, Apparício M, Ferraz GC, Queiroz-Neto A. Safety Assessment of an Oral Therapeutic Dose of Firocoxib on Healthy Horses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:531. [PMID: 37756053 PMCID: PMC10535825 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Firocoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug specifically formulated for veterinary medicine and selectively acts on inhibiting the cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2). This study evaluated the possible adverse effects of administering oral therapeutic firocoxib on gastric mucosa, hematological parameters, coagulation cascade, and hepatic and renal biochemistry in healthy horses. Nine clinically healthy Arabian horses, approximately 9 years old, received 0.1 mg/kg of oral firocoxib for 14 days. The gastroscopic examination was conducted 1 day before starting treatment (D0) and two days after the last blood collection (D23). Venous blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests on day 1, immediately prior to the initiation of treatment (D1), after 7 and 14 days of treatment (D7 and D14), and 7 days after the conclusion of treatment (D21. No changes were found in the gastroscopic and hematological tests. Coagulation and serum biochemistry levels remain between these species' average values. However, the increased activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) indicate reduced blood coagulation capacity, which contradicts the expected effect of treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, as these drugs theoretically promote coagulation. Administering firocoxib to horses is safe as it does not cause significant adverse reactions. Therefore, it is a suitable option for managing inflammatory conditions in these animals with attention to an unexpected adverse anti-coagulopathy effect, and further study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatha A. Araújo
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (N.A.A.S.); (R.C.B.); (G.C.F.); (A.Q.-N.)
| | - Nathali A. A. Sales
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (N.A.A.S.); (R.C.B.); (G.C.F.); (A.Q.-N.)
| | - Roberta C. Basile
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (N.A.A.S.); (R.C.B.); (G.C.F.); (A.Q.-N.)
| | - Walter H. Feringer-Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, UNIMES, Av. Gen. Francisco Glicério, 8, Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maricy Apparício
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Professor Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n., Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme C. Ferraz
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (N.A.A.S.); (R.C.B.); (G.C.F.); (A.Q.-N.)
| | - Antonio Queiroz-Neto
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo D. Castellane s/n., Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (N.A.A.S.); (R.C.B.); (G.C.F.); (A.Q.-N.)
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Kottwitz J, Bechert U, Cruz-Espindola C, Christensen JM, Boothe D. SERUM DISPOSITION OF A SINGLE DOSE OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED FIROCOXIB IN AFRICAN ELEPHANTS ( LOXODONTA AFRICANA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:350-359. [PMID: 37428699 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The time course of serum firocoxib concentrations was described after administration of two single oral doses (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) of commercially available firocoxib tablet (n = 4) and paste (n = 2) formulations to six healthy adult female African (Loxodonta africana) elephants. Firocoxib was quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Firocoxib serum concentrations were below detectable levels after administration of 0.01 mg/kg of both formulations. A dose of 0.1 mg/kg (n = 4) of the tablet formulation had the following mean ± SD of pharmacokinetic parameters: area under the curve (AUC) 1,588 ± 362 h × ng/ml, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 31 ± 6.6 ng/ml at 6.4 ± 1.8 h, and disappearance half-life (T1/2) 66 ± 59 h, Elephant compliance to oral administration of the paste formulation was challenging, with only two elephants accepting administration of the paste at 0.1 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined included AUC of 814 h × ng/ml, Cmax of 44 ng/ml at Tmax of 7.0 h, and T1/2 of 36.4 h. Based on mean AUC, the relative bioavailability of paste compared to tablet formulations was 50%. Limitations of this study were the small number of participants and elephant compliance with the paste formulation. This study supports an oral dose of 0.1 mg/kg every 24 h. Multidose and IV trials are indicated to confirm firocoxib dosing requirements for African elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kottwitz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA,
| | - Ursula Bechert
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Crisanta Cruz-Espindola
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Dawn Boothe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Pfeifer JM, Levy NA, Carter DL, Beal MW. Gastric or duodenal perforation and secondary septic peritonitis following therapeutic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:764-768. [PMID: 35708902 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with gastric or duodenal perforation (GDP) in dogs presented to a university teaching hospital and to report the frequency of prescription of NSAIDs by the corresponding referring veterinary community during the same time period. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of dogs from January 2007 to March 2020. SETTING Single university teaching hospital. ANIMALS A total of 30 dogs met inclusion criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four dogs were administered more than 1 NSAID within 7 days of GDP, 3 dogs received a combination of an NSAID and a corticosteroid, and 1 dog received 2 NSAIDs and a corticosteroid. Four dogs received an overdose of an NSAID. One dog received an overdose of 1 NSAID and received an additional NSAID at the labeled dose within 7 days of GDP. Eighteen dogs received only 1 NSAID at the labeled dose. In these 18 dogs, meloxicam was administered in 44.4% (8/18), firocoxib in 27.8% (5/18), deracoxib in 16.7% (3/18), and piroxicam in 11.1% (2/18). One hundred and sixty surveys on NSAID prescribing practice were returned. Carprofen was the most commonly prescribed NSAID (70.6%), followed by meloxicam (10.6%), deracoxib (8.4%), firocoxib (7.8%), aspirin (1.5%), and other (0.9%). CONCLUSIONS NSAID administration, even at labeled doses, appears to be a precipitating factor for GDP. Despite carprofen being the most frequently prescribed NSAID over the study period, no case of GDP received it as a single therapeutic agent. Further prospective evaluation is needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Pfeifer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nyssa A Levy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Diana L Carter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew W Beal
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Bennett TE, Pavek TJ, Schwark WS, Singh B. Comparison of Nociceptive Effects of Buprenorphine, Firocoxib, and Meloxicam in a Plantar Incision Model in Sprague-Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:539-548. [PMID: 34266519 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to their reduced frequency of dosing and ease of availability, NSAIDs are generally preferred over opioids for rodent analgesia. We evaluated the efficacy of the highly COX2-selective NSAID firocoxib as compared with meloxicam and buprenorphine for reducing allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats in a plantar incision model of surgical pain. After a preliminary pharmacokinetic study using firocoxib, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 per group, 6 of each sex) were divided into 6 groups: no surgery (anesthesia only), saline (surgery but no analgesia), buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC every 8 h), meloxicam (2 mg/kg SC every 24 h), and 2 dosages of firocoxib (10 and 20 mg/kg SC every 24 h). The nociception assays were performed by using von Frey and Hargreaves methodology to test mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. These assays were performed at 24 h before and at 20, 28, 44, and 52 h after start of surgery. None of the analgesics used in this study produced significantly different responses in allodynia or hyperalgesia from those of saline-treated rats. In the Hargreaves assay, female saline-treated rats experienced significantly greater hyperalgesia than did males. These findings add to a growing body of literature suggestingthat commonly used dosages of analgesics may not provide sufficient analgesia in rats experiencing incisional pain.
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Long-term safety evaluation of Daxocox ® tablets (enflicoxib) in dogs after weekly oral administrations for seven months. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:205. [PMID: 34082759 PMCID: PMC8173827 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Daxocox® [Ecuphar/Animalcare Group] contains the selective COX-2 inhibitor enflicoxib, approved in the EU for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. The safety of Daxocox® was evaluated in a target animal safety study: Groups of 4 dogs per sex each were treated once weekly with placebo or Daxocox tablets at 1-, 3- and 5-times (1X, 3X and 5X) the maximum recommended therapeutic dose of enflicoxib (0, 4, 12 or 20 mg/kg, respectively). After an initial loading dose, dogs in the placebo control, 1X and 3X groups were administered for 32 weeks, and those in the 5X group were administered for 13 weeks. Dogs were subjected to daily food consumption measurements and clinical and dose observations. Body weight measurements, physical examinations, clinical pathology, urinalysis, faecal occult blood (FOB) and electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood pressure measurements, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), ophthalmology and gastroduodenal endoscopy examinations were conducted throughout the study. At study completion, all dogs were subjected to gross necropsy. Histopathology was performed on selected tissues from all animals in all groups. Results No clinical signs were noted, and no toxicologically relevant dose-associated effects were observed. Conclusions Results show that Daxocox® is well-tolerated and has a broad safety margin when administered as directed in dogs.
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Musco N, Vassalotti G, Mastellone V, Cortese L, Della Rocca G, Molinari ML, Calabrò S, Tudisco R, Cutrignelli MI, Lombardi P. Effects of a nutritional supplement in dogs affected by osteoarthritis. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:325-335. [PMID: 31313893 PMCID: PMC6682793 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a form of chronic joint inflammation caused by the deterioration of the joint cartilage, accompanied by chronic pain, lameness and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity. Alternative treatments of canine osteoarthritis would be desirable and, recently nutraceuticals, have been proposed for this purpose. Twenty cross breed adult dogs affected by osteoarthritis were enrolled and equally divided into two groups (control vs. experimental). The nutritional supplement (Dynamopet srl, Verone, Italy) was administered for 90 days to the dogs of the experimental group in order to evaluate its metabolic and locomotor effects. All the clinical signs (lameness, pain on manipulation and palpation, range of motion and joint swelling) significantly (p < 0.01) improved during the trial as regards the experimental group. This group showed a significantly lower joint score than the control group (mean value 7.40 vs. 3.80). With regard to haematology, the mean corpuscular volume resulted significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the experimental group, i.e. alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides values decreased and were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the control one, thus suggesting an improvement in bone remodelling and lipid metabolism. A decrease in the reactive oxygen metabolites and an increase in the biological antioxidant potential demonstrated an improvement in oxidative stress during the trial in the experimental group compare to the control group. Interleukins 6 decreased in the experimental group, while interleukins 10 resulted in the opposite trend. Moreover, the administration of up to 3 months of the studied supplement was well tolerated in the dogs and caused no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Wang J, Zhao T, Tang S, Zhang S, Lv P, Li J, Cao X. Safety assessment of vitacoxib: 180-day chronic oral toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 95:244-249. [PMID: 29601910 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vitacoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, is approved for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic surgery and osteoarthritis in dogs. In the current study, a chronic toxicity research was performed to evaluate the safety of vitacoxib in male and female rats for long-term. Vitacoxib was dosed orally to groups of rats for 180 days at 1.2, 6, 30 mg/kg bw/day by gavage. The chronic study oral administration of vitacoxib did not show observational or toxicological effects on the body or organ weights, food consumption, hematology and biochemistry at dose 6 mg/kg bw. However, vitacoxib (30 mg/kg) showed minor alterations to histopathology of liver, kidney and stomach related to treatment. These results provide further indication that vitacoxib is safe and well-tolerated in rats after 180 days of daily oral administration at 6 mg/kg bw and the NOAEL for both sexes was 6 mg/kg bw for 180 consecutive days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyyue Lv
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd, Beijing 100185, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd, Beijing 100185, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Sun F, Tang S, Zhang S, Lv P, Li J, Cao X. Safety assessment of vitacoxib: Acute and 90-day sub-chronic oral toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:49-58. [PMID: 28238853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitacoxib, is a newly developed coxibs NSAID (selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2). To date, no experimental data have been published concerning its safety for use as an additive in the human diet. In the present study, we assessed the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of vitacoxib administered by gavage. The acute toxicity tests in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and ICR mice demonstrated that vitacoxib at a dose of 5000 mg/kg BW failed to alter any of the parameters studied. In the 90-day sub-chronic toxicity test, vitacoxib was administered to SD rats at the doses of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mg/kg BW. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences for most indexes of sub-chronic toxicity throughout the experiment at the dose of 5-20 mg/kg BW, indicating no apparent dose-dependent. However, there were significant histopathology changes in the liver and kidney, and alterations in some biochemical parameters in the 60 mg/kg BW group. Based on these findings, the gavage LD50 was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg in SD rats and ICR mice, and the 90-day gavage no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of vitacoxib was considered to be 20 mg/kg BW under the present study conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Tang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Lv
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd, Beijing 100185, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Orbiepharm Co., Ltd, Beijing 100185, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residue and Illegal Additive, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Monteiro-Steagall BP, Steagall PVM, Lascelles BDX. Systematic review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1011-9. [PMID: 23782347 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify, assess, and critically evaluate the quality of evidence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced adverse effects in dogs. Original prospective studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English (1990-2012) that reported data on the safety of NSAIDs administration in dogs were searched. For each study, design type (I, II, III, or IV) and assessment of quality (+, Ø, -) were rated. For each drug, quantity and consistency rating (***, **, *) and strength of evidence (high, moderate, low, or extremely low) were identified and evaluated. The strength of evidence was defined in terms of how applicable and relevant the conclusions were to the target population. Sixty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-five (55%) research studies and 29 (45%) clinical trials were identified. A high strength of evidence existed for carprofen, firocoxib, and meloxicam; moderate for deracoxib, ketoprofen, and robenacoxib; and low for etodolac. Quality and consistency rating were as follows: carprofen (***/***), deracoxib (**/***), etodolac (*/unable to rate), firocoxib (***/**), ketoprofen (**/***), meloxicam (***/***), and robenacoxib (**/**), respectively. Adverse effects were detected in 35 studies (55%) and commonly included vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Three studies (5%) reported a power analysis related to adverse effects of ≥80%. In randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded studies (n = 25, 39%), the incidence of adverse effects was not statistically different between treated and control dogs. Finally, most studies were not appropriately designed to determine the safety of NSAIDs, and involved a healthy nongeriatric population of research dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Monteiro-Steagall
- Veterinary Anesthesia Consultancy Services, Rua Cel. Mello de Oliveira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Animal Health Markets and Opportunities: Companion Animal Landscape. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4439-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Marshall JF, Blikslager AT. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the equine intestine. Equine Vet J 2012:140-4. [PMID: 21790769 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the management of pain and endotoxaemia associated with colic in the horse. While NSAIDs effectively treat the symptoms of colic, there is evidence to suggest that their administration is associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects including right dorsal colitis and inhibition of mucosal barrier healing. Several studies have examined the pathophysiology of NSAID associated effects on the large and small intestine in an effort to avoid these complications and identify effective alternative medications. Differences in the response of the large and small intestines to injury and NSAID treatment have been identified. Flunixin meglumine has been shown in the small intestine to inhibit barrier function recovery and increase permeability to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A range of NSAIDs has been examined in the small intestine and experimental evidence suggests that those NSAIDs with cyclooxygenase independent anti-inflammatory effects or a COX-2 selective mode of action may offer significant advantages over traditional NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Marshall
- Weipers Centre Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK.
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12
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Vesiculobullous Skin Reaction Temporally Related to Firocoxib Treatment in a White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43:186-9. [DOI: 10.1638/2011-0128.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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13
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Camargo JB, Steagall PVM, Minto BW, de Sá Lorena SER, Mori ES, Luna SPL. Post-operative analgesic effects of butorphanol or firocoxib administered to dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:252-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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KING JN, ARNAUD JP, GOLDENTHAL EI, GRUET P, JUNG M, SEEWALD W, LEES P. Robenacoxib in the dog: target species safety in relation to extent and duration of inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:298-311. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Brondani JT, Luna SP, Marcello GC, Padovani CR. Perioperative administration of vedaprofen, tramadol or their combination does not interfere with platelet aggregation, bleeding time and biochemical variables in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11:503-9. [PMID: 19168382 PMCID: PMC10832828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A randomized double blind and placebo controlled design was used to investigate the hemostatic, biochemical, gastrointestinal and behavioral effects of pre- and postoperative administration of vedaprofen 0.5mg/kg PO (V), tramadol 2mg/kg SC (T), their association (VT) or placebo (P) in 40 adult female cats (3.0+/-0.32kg; 1.8+/-0.7 years) distributed in groups of 10. Platelet aggregation and bleeding time were measured before and 52h after ovariohysterectomy. Serum urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations were measured before and 7 days postoperatively. The occurrence of vomiting, frequency and consistency of feces, and behavior were observed for 7 days postoperatively. Morphine (0.5mg/kg, IM) was used as rescue analgesic. Laboratory variables did not change. Vomiting was observed only after morphine administration. Mild euphoria was observed in T and VT. The perioperative use of vedaprofen and/or tramadol did not modify the hemostatic, biochemical and gastrointestinal function in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T. Brondani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stelio P.L. Luna
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gracy C.G. Marcello
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Padovani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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