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Silberstein E, Ulitzky L, Lima LA, Cehan N, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Roingeard P, Taylor DR. HCV-Mediated Apoptosis of Hepatocytes in Culture and Viral Pathogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155708. [PMID: 27280444 PMCID: PMC4900611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is associated with progressive liver injury and subsequent development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The death of hepatocytes results in the release of cytokines that induce inflammatory and fibrotic responses. The mechanism of liver damage is still under investigation but both apoptosis and immune-mediated processes may play roles. By observing the changes in gene expression patterns in HCV-infected cells, both markers and the causes of HCV-associated liver injury may be elucidated. HCV genotype 1b virus from persistently infected VeroE6 cells induced a strong cytopathic effect when used to infect Huh7.5 hepatoma cells. To determine if this cytopathic effect was a result of apoptosis, ultrastructural changes were observed by electron microscopy and markers of programmed cell death were surveyed. Screening of a human PCR array demonstrated a gene expression profile that contained upregulated markers of apoptosis, including tumor necrosis factor, caspases and caspase activators, Fas, Bcl2-interacting killer (BIK) and tumor suppressor protein, p53, as a result of HCV genotype 1b infection. The genes identified in this study should provide new insights into understanding viral pathogenesis in liver cells and may possibly help to identify novel antiviral and antifibrotic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Silberstein
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
| | - Laura Ulitzky
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
| | - Livia Alves Lima
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
| | - Nicoleta Cehan
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U966, Universite Francois Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Deborah R. Taylor
- Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yee BE, Nguyen NH, Zhang B, Lin D, Vutien P, Wong CR, Lutchman GA, Nguyen MH. Sustained virological response and its treatment predictors in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 compared to genotypes 1, 2, and 3: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000049. [PMID: 26462288 PMCID: PMC4599167 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN+RBV) may be more cost-effective than direct-acting antivirals in resource-limited settings. Current literature suggests sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is similar to genotype 1 (HCV-1), but worse than 2 and 3 (HCV-2/3). However, few studies have compared treatment response between these groups and these have been limited by small sample sizes with heterogeneous designs. We performed a meta-analysis of SVR predictors in HCV-4 versus HCV-1, 2, and 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. METHODS In November 2013, we searched for 'genotype 4' in MEDLINE/EMBASE databases and scientific conferences. We included original articles with ≥25 treatment-naïve HCV-4 and comparisons to HCV-1, 2, and/or 3 patients treated with PEG-IFN+RBV. Random effects modelling was used with heterogeneity defined by Cochrane Q-test (p value<0.10) and I(2) statistic (>50%). RESULTS Five studies with 20 014 patients (899 HCV-4; 12 033 HCV-1; and 7082 HCV-2/3 patients) were included. SVR was 53% (CI 43% to 62%) for HCV-4, 44% (CI 40% to 47%) for HCV-1; and 73% (CI 58% to 84%) for HCV-2/3. SVR with EVR (early virological response) was 75% (CI 61% to 86%) in HCV-4; 64% (CI 46% to 79%) in HCV-1; and 85% (CI 71% to 93%) in HCV-2/3. SVR without EVR was 10% (CI 6% to 17%) for HCV-4; 13% (CI 12% to 15%) for HCV-1; and 23% (CI 16% to 33%) for HCV-2/3. CONCLUSIONS SVR rates are similar in HCV-4 (∼50%) and HCV-1 (∼40%). Lack of EVR is a good stopping rule for HCV-4 and HCV-1 since only 10% subsequently achieve SVR. In HCV-4 patients with EVR, three-quarters can expect to achieve SVR with PEG-IFN+RBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Yee
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nghia H Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Derek Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Philip Vutien
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Centre, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carrie R Wong
- Department of Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Glen A Lutchman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Meta-analysis: influence of host and viral factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:1189-201. [PMID: 25171028 PMCID: PMC4180769 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The burden of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is high in Africa and East Mediterranean countries. Previous reports estimate sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV-4 to be ∼20-70%. However, many of these studies are limited by different study designs and small sample sizes. Our aim was to evaluate treatment outcome and host/viral factors on SVR in HCV-4 patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG IFN+RBV) in a systematic and quantitative manner. A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for 'genotype 4' was conducted in November 2013. Abstracts from American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Asian Pacific Study of the Liver, Digestive Disease Week, and European Association for the Study of the Liver in 2012/2013 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were original studies with at least 25 treatment-naive HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV. Exclusion criteria were coinfection with HIV, hepatitis B virus, or other genotypes. Effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was determined by Cochrane Q-test (P<0.05) and I statistic (>50%). We included 51 studies (11 102 HCV-4 patients) in the primary analysis. Pooled SVR was 53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 50-55%] (Q-statistic=269.20, P<0.05; I=81.43). On subgroup analyses, SVR was significantly associated with lower viral load, odds ratio (OR) 3.05 (CI: 1.80-5.17, P<0.001); mild fibrosis, OR 3.17 (CI: 2.19-4.59, P<0.001); and favorable IL28B polymorphisms, rs12979860 CC versus CT/TT, OR 4.70 (CI: 2.87-7.69, P<0.001), and rs8099917 TT versus GT/GG, OR 5.21 (CI: 2.31-11.73, P<0.001). HCV-4 patients treated with PEG IFN+RBV may expect SVR rates of ∼50%. Lower viral load, mild fibrosis, and favorable IL28B (rs12979860 CC and rs8099917 TT) are positively associated with SVR.
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Zekri ARN, Bahnassy AA, Mohamed WS, Alam EL-Din HM, Shousha HI, Zayed N, Eldahshan DH, Abdel-Aziz AO. Dynamic interplay between CXCL levels in chronic hepatitis C patients treated by interferon. Virol J 2013; 10:218. [PMID: 23816271 PMCID: PMC3707769 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin therapy has sustained virological response (SVR) rates of 54% to 61%. Pretreatment predictors of SVR to interferon therapy have not been fully investigated yet. The current study assesses a group of chemokines that may predict treatment response in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL 13, CXCL 16 chemokines and E-Cadherin were assayed in 57 chronic HCV patients' sera using quantitative ELISA plate method. All studied patients were scheduled for combined pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin therapy (32 patients received pegylated interferon α 2b, and 25 patients received pegylated interferon α 2a). Quantitative hepatitis C virus RNA was done by real time RT-PCR and HCV genotyping by INNOLIPAII. RESULTS There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in baseline HCV RNA levels between responders and non-responders to interferon. A statistically significant difference in CXCL13 (p = 0.017) and E-Cadherin levels (P = 0.041) was reported between responders and nonresponders at week 12. Significant correlations were found between changes in the CXCL13 levels and CXCL9, CXCL16, E-cadherin levels as well as between changes in E-cadherin levels and both CXCL16 and ALT levels that were maintained during follow up. Also, significant changes have been found in the serum levels of CXCL5, CXCL13, and CXCL16 with time (before pegylated interferon α 2 a and α 2 b therapy, and at weeks 12 and 24) with no significant difference in relation to interferon type and response to treatment. CONCLUSION Serum levels of CXCL13 and E-Cadherin could be used as surrogate markers to predict response of combined PEG IFN-α/RBV therapy, especially at week 12. However, an extended study including larger number of patients is needed for validation of these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL NO NCT01758939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 1st Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Bahnassy
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 1st Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Waleed S Mohamed
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 1st Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Alam EL-Din
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 1st Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend I Shousha
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Zayed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Eldahshan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benisuef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Omar Abdel-Aziz
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
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Schiavon LL, Narciso-Schiavon JL, Carvalho-Filho RJ, Sampaio JP, El Batah PN, Silva GA, Carvente CT, Silva AEB, Ferraz MLG. Evidence of a significant role for Fas-mediated apoptosis in HCV clearance during pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:291-8. [PMID: 21555811 DOI: 10.3851/imp1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of apoptosis in treatment-induced HCV clearance is controversial. We sought to assess the kinetics of serum apoptosis-related cytokines during pegylated interferon-α2a or -α2b plus weight-based ribavirin therapy for genotype 1 chronic HCV infection. METHODS Serum levels of soluble Fas (sFas), soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-RI) were measured at baseline, week 12 and 24 weeks after the end of therapy. RESULTS Sustained virological response (SVR) was achieved in 46% of the 164 included patients, 29% had a non-response (NR) and 25% had relapse (RR). NR patients presented with higher levels of sFasL at baseline and lower levels of sTNF-RI at week 12 as compared to RR and SVR patients. Lower concentrations of sFas were observed in SVR patients 24 weeks after treatment as compared to RR and NR patients. An increase in sFas at week 12 followed by a significant drop 24 weeks after therapy was observed among SVR patients. An increase in sFasL during and after treatment was observed in RR and SVR patients. NR patients exhibited an earlier drop in sTNF-RI levels as compared to RR and SVR patients. CONCLUSIONS Virological response during HCV therapy was associated with an increase of sFas and sFasL, and maintenance of increased concentrations of sTNF-RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Schiavon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatitis Section, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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González-Casas R, Trapero-Marugán M, Moreno-Otero R. Hepatitis crónica por virus de la hepatitis C genotipo 4. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 137:31-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 is associated with poor viral response to interferon-based hepatitis C virus therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected individuals. AIDS 2010; 24:2639-44. [PMID: 20802294 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32833eacfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection causes accelerated liver disease compared to HCV monoinfection, and only 30-60% of HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals respond to HCV therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. There are currently no biomarkers that predict treatment response in these coinfected patients. DESIGN We investigated whether there is an association between HCV treatment response and SNPs of apoptosis-related genes during HIV/HCV coinfection. METHOD Genomic DNA from 53 HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals was analyzed for 82 SNPs of 10 apoptosis-related genes. RESULTS We found that the presence of the rs4242392 SNP in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a (TNFRSF10A), which encodes for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1, predicts poor outcome to HCV therapy, in HIV/HCV-co-infected patients [odds ratio 5.91 (95% confidence interval 1.63-21.38, P = 0.007)]. CONCLUSION The rs4242392 SNP of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 gene predicted poor interferon-based HCV treatment response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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Iacovazzi PA, Cozzolongo R, Lanzillotta E, Frisullo S, Guerra V, Correale M. Serum 90K/Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) as a response predictor to peginterferon and ribavirin combined treatment in HCV chronic patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 30:687-700. [PMID: 18720164 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802278177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
90K/Mac-2BP glycoprotein is involved in the immune defense against a variety of neoplasms and viral infections, modulating the activity of several effectors such as natural killer cells. Quite interestingly, 90K/Mac-2BP is associated to a poor response to interferon (IFN) alpha in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Here, in 70 consecutive HCV chronic patients, we have evaluated 90K basal levels as a response predictor to combined therapy with Peginterferon and Ribavirin. We have found higher 90K levels in genotype 1/4 than in genotype 2/3 (p = 0.006) and in 62.5% of non-responders than in 20% of responders (p < 0.001). Genotype 1/4, higher 90K and gamma glutamyl transferase (gammaGT) levels resulted independently associated to a status of refractoriness to therapy. Consequently, evaluation of 90K serum levels seems to be a promising useful marker of response to combined therapy in HCV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma A Iacovazzi
- Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, S. de Bellis, Bari, Italy.
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Zekri ARN, Alam El-Din HM, Bahnassy AA, Zayed NA, Mohamed WS, El-Masry SH, Gouda SK, Esmat G. Serum levels of soluble Fas, soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor II, interleukin-2 receptor and interleukin-8 as early predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients with hepatitis C virus genotype-4. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2010; 9:1. [PMID: 20051112 PMCID: PMC2819041 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease progression from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with an imbalance between T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 cytokines. Evaluation of cytokines as possible candidate biomarkers for prediction of HCC was performed using soluble Fas(sFas), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-II (sTNFR-II), interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). RESULTS The following patients were recruited: 79 with HCV infection, 30 with HCC, 32 with chronic liver disease associated with elevated liver enzyme levels (with or without cirrhosis) in addition to 17 with chronic HCV with persistent normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT). Nine normal persons negative either for HCV or for hepatitis B virus were included as a control group. All persons were tested for sFas, sTNFR-II, IL-2R and IL-8 in their serum by quantitative ELISA. HCC patients had higher levels of liver enzymes but lower log-HCV titer when compared to the other groups. HCC patients had also significantly higher levels of sFas, sTNFR-II and IL-2R and significantly lower levels of IL-8 when compared to the other groups. Exclusion of HCC among patients having PNALT could be predicted with 90 % sensitivity and 70.6 % specificity when sTNFR-II is [greater than or equal to] 389 pg/ml or IL-8 is < 290 pg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Serum TNFR-II, IL-2Ralpha and IL-8, may be used as combined markers in HCV-infected cases for patients at high risk of developing HCC; further studies, however, are mandatory to check these findings before their application at the population level.
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WEISS JJ, BRÄU N, STIVALA A, SWAN T, FISHBEIN D. Review article: adherence to medication for chronic hepatitis C - building on the model of human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral adherence research. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:14-27. [PMID: 19416131 PMCID: PMC3102513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with pegylated interferon/ribavirin achieves sustained virological response in up to 56% of HCV mono-infected patients and 40% of HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-co-infected patients. The relationship of patient adherence to outcome warrants study. AIM To review comprehensively research on patient-missed doses to HCV treatment and discuss applicable research from adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy. METHODS Publications were identified by PubMed searches using the keywords: adherence, compliance, hepatitis C virus, interferon and ribavirin. RESULTS The term 'non-adherence' differs in how it is used in the HCV from the HIV literature. In HCV, 'non-adherence' refers primarily to dose reductions by the clinician and early treatment discontinuation. In contrast, in HIV, 'non-adherence' refers primarily to patient-missed doses. Few data have been published on the rates of missed dose adherence to pegylated interferon/ribavirin and its relationship to virological response. CONCLUSIONS As HCV treatment becomes more complex with new classes of agents, adherence will be increasingly important to treatment success as resistance mutations may develop with suboptimal dosing of HCV enzyme inhibitors. HIV adherence research can be applied to that on HCV to establish accurate methods to assess adherence, investigate determinants of non-adherence and develop strategies to optimize adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. WEISS
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - N. BRÄU
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Infectious Disease Section, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - A. STIVALA
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - T. SWAN
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - D. FISHBEIN
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Shi Y, Guan JM, Han D. Progress in studies on the Fas/FasL expression system and colon carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:3830-3835. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i36.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell apoptosis or programmed cell death is the term used to describe active cell death to maintain stability under physiological and pathological conditions. Interaction of the death receptor and death ligand is one of the main ways to induce apoptosis, of which, the Fas/FasL system is considered as the major signal transduction pathway to mediate apoptosis. Colon carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors that are a threat to human health. The occurrence and development of colon carcinoma is related to the regulation imbalance of cell apoptosis. This article reviews the relationship between the Fas/FasL expression system and the occurrence and development of colon carcinoma.
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Zekri ARN, El-Din HMA, Bahnassy AA, Khaled MM, Omar A, Fouad I, El-Hefnewi M, Thakeb F, El-Awady M. Genetic distance and heterogenecity between quasispecies is a critical predictor to IFN response in Egyptian patients with HCV genotype-4. Virol J 2007; 4:16. [PMID: 17300723 PMCID: PMC1805740 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HCV is one of the major health problems in Egypt, where it is highly prevalent. Genotype 4 is the most common genotype of HCV and its response to treatment is still a controversy. Methods HCV genotype 4 quasispecies diversity within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) was studied in a series of 22 native Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus with no previous treatment who satisfied all NIH criteria for combined treatment of pegylated IFN and ribavirine and was correlated with the outcome of treatment. The study also included 7 control patients with no antiviral treatment. HCV sequencing was done using the TRUGENE HCV 5-NC genotyping kit. Results At the 48th week of treatment, 15 patients (68%) showed virological response. Whereas HCV-RNA was still detected in 7 patients (32%) in this period; of those, 6 experienced a partial virological response followed by viral breakthrough during treatment. Only one patient did not show any virological or chemical response. The four females included in this study were all responders. There was a significant correlation between the response rate and lower fibrosis (p = 0.026) as well as the total number of mutation spots (including all the insertions, deletions, transitions and transversions) (p = 0.007, p = 0.035). Conclusion Patients who responded to interferon treatment had statistically significant less number in both transitions (p = 0.007) and the genetic distances between the quasispecies (p = 0.035). So, viral genetic complexity and variability may play a role in the response to IFN treatment. The consensus alignment of all three groups revealed no characteristic pattern among the three groups. However, the G to A transitions at 160 was observed among non responders who need further study to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.1Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Alam El-Din
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.1Kasr El-Aini st, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Bahnassy
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University 1Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M Khaled
- National Diabetes Institute, Ministry of Health, Egypt, Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Omar
- Kasr El-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas Fouad
- Kasr El-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Fouad Thakeb
- Kasr El-Aini School of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa El-Awady
- National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, Tahrir St., Cairo, Egypt
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