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Huang P, Ran J, Zhu W, Dai W, Tang Y, Lian P, Huang X, Li R. PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23464. [PMID: 38358343 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301748r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is often treated with olanzapine. Despite its efficacy, olanzapine's prolonged use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via an unknown mechanism. This study aims to investigate the role of PCSK9 in olanzapine-induced NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 and AML12 cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of olanzapine to examine the effects of olanzapine on PCSK9 and lipid metabolism. PCSK9 levels were manipulated using recombinant proteins, plasmids, and small interfering RNAs in vitro, and the effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and gene expression related to lipid metabolism were assessed. Olanzapine treatment significantly increased PCSK9 levels in both animal and cell line models, correlating with elevated lipid accumulation. PCSK9 manipulation demonstrated its central role in mediating hepatic steatosis through both receptor-dependent pathways (impacting NPC1L1) and receptor-independent pathways (affecting lipid synthesis, uptake, and cholesterol biosynthesis). Interestingly, upregulation of SREBP-1c, rather than SREBP-2, was identified as a key driver of PCSK9 increase in olanzapine-induced NAFLD. Our findings establish PCSK9 as a pivotal factor in olanzapine-induced NAFLD, influencing both receptor-related and metabolic pathways. This highlights PCSK9 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for managing NAFLD in schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juanli Ran
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yaxin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingan Lian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Sun Y, Hou X, Li L, Tang Y, Zheng M, Zeng W, Lei X. Improving obesity and lipid metabolism using conjugated linoleic acid. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2538-2544. [PMID: 36104831 PMCID: PMC9677407 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can prevent fatty acid accumulation induced by a high-fructose diet and improve lipid metabolism disorders in patients. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effect of CLA on obesity and lipid metabolism and its possible mechanism. METHODS Eight-month-old male BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb /JNju (db/db) mice (n = 12) were fed a CLA mix composed of equivalent c9, t11-CLA and t10, c12-CLA for 1 month. The effect of CLA on body weight, water and food intake, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels was investigated. PPARα, PPARγ and CD36 expression was determined by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Additionally, the expression of these three genes was studied in HepG2 cells treated with CLA and linoleic acid. RESULTS CLA treatment notably reduced the dietary and water intake of db/db mice, effectively reduced body weight, and decreased serum TG and TC levels (p < 0.05). Increased expression of PPARα (p < 0.05) and decreased expression of CD36 (p < 0.001) were observed in the liver of mice that were fed CLA. CLA increased PPARα expression (p < 0.001) and decreased PPARγ (p < 0.001) and CD36 expression (p < 0.01) in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that CLA can improve lipid metabolism in obese mice through upregulation of PPARα expression and downregulation of CD36 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of General PracticeZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xufeng Hou
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - XiaoLong Lei
- Department of NutritionNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Understanding lipotoxicity in NAFLD pathogenesis: is CD36 a key driver? Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32978374 PMCID: PMC7519685 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD stages range from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the crucial events clearly involved in NAFLD progression is the lipotoxicity resulting from an excessive fatty acid (FFA) influx to hepatocytes. Hepatic lipotoxicity occurs when the capacity of the hepatocyte to manage and export FFAs as triglycerides (TGs) is overwhelmed. This review provides succinct insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for lipotoxicity in NAFLD, including ER and oxidative stress, autophagy, lipoapotosis and inflammation. In addition, we highlight the role of CD36/FAT fatty acid translocase in NAFLD pathogenesis. Up-to-date, it is well known that CD36 increases FFA uptake and, in the liver, it drives hepatosteatosis onset and might contribute to its progression to NASH. Clinical studies have reinforced the significance of CD36 by showing increased content in the liver of NAFLD patients. Interestingly, circulating levels of a soluble form of CD36 (sCD36) are abnormally elevated in NAFLD patients and positively correlate with the histological grade of hepatic steatosis. In fact, the induction of CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes may be a determining factor in the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. Given all these data, targeting the fatty acid translocase CD36 or some of its functional regulators may be a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Castelblanco E, Sanjurjo L, Barranco-Altirriba M, Falguera M, Hernández M, Soldevila B, Sarrias MR, Franch-Nadal J, Arroyo JA, Fernandez-Real JM, Alonso N, Mauricio D. The Circulating Fatty Acid Transporter Soluble CD36 Is Not Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061700. [PMID: 32498389 PMCID: PMC7355534 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association of fatty acid transporter plasma soluble cluster of differentiation 36 (sCD36) with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1023 subjects, 225 with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 276 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 522 who were nondiabetic. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) presence was determined using B-mode carotid ultrasound imaging. sCD36 were analysed by ELISA, and CD36 surface receptor and mRNA expression were measured by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate sCD36 as a biomarker of SCA. Up to 376 (36.75%) participants had at least one CAP, 76 T1D, 164 T2D and 136 without diabetes, while the remaining 647 (63.25%) did not have any CAP. There were no differences in sCD36 between patients with and without CAP in T1D (p = 0.287) or T2D (p = 0.513). Although nondiabetic subjects with plaques had lower sCD36 levels than those without (p = 0.023), the multivariate models revealed no association of sCD36 with CAP in any of the three study groups. No differences were found in surface CD36 or CD36 mRNA expression between the patients with and without CAP. sCD36 is not associated with SCA in type 1 or type 2 diabetic or in nondiabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (M.B.-A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.); (J.F.-N.)
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.S.); (M.-R.S.)
| | - Maria Barranco-Altirriba
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Primary Health Care Centre Cervera, Gerència d’Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, 25200 Cervera, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Berta Soldevila
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.); (J.F.-N.)
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, IGTP, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.S.); (M.-R.S.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.); (J.F.-N.)
- DAP-Cat group, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Arroyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, IDIBGI, 17007 Girona, Spain;
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.); (J.F.-N.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (D.M.); Tel.: +34-934-978-860 (N.A.); +34-935-565-661 (D.M.)
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.C.); (M.B.-A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.); (J.F.-N.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (D.M.); Tel.: +34-934-978-860 (N.A.); +34-935-565-661 (D.M.)
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Xia J, Zheng M, Li L, Hou X, Zeng W. [Conjugated linoleic acid improves glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:740-746. [PMID: 31270056 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.06.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on glucose and lipid metabolism in obese diabetic (db/db) mice. METHODS db/db mice were randomized for treatment with saline or CLA mixture administered intragastrically. The changes in body weight, dietary intake, water intake, oral glucose tolerance, triglyceride and total cholesterol were recorded after the treatments. HE staining and oil red O staining were used to assess liver pathologies and fatty acid content. The expression levels of PPARα, PPARγ, CD36, CHREBP and SREBP-1c were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting. HepG2 cells were treated with CLA and linoleic acid and the expressions of PPARα, ACC, P-ACC, and CD36 were detected; the level of acetyl-CoA in the cell supernatant was detected using ELISA. RESULTS CLA treatment obviously reduced the dietary and water intake of db/db mice, effectively reduced the body weight and decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). CLA significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, increased glucose tolerance, reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and improved lipid metabolism in db/db mice. The mice showed significantly increased expression of PPARα (P < 0.05) and lowered CD36 expression (P < 0.001) in the liver after CLA treatment. Cellular experiments showed that CLA significantly up-regulated PPARα (P < 0.001) and P-ACC and decreased the expression of CD36 (P < 0.01). ELISA showed that acetyl-CoA was significantly up-regulated in the cells after CLA treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mixture of two conjugated linoleic acid isomers can reduce fasting blood glucose, increase glucose tolerance and improve glycolipid metabolism in db/db mice by enhancing the expression of PPARα, increasing P-ACC and inhibiting CD36 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xufeng Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Castelblanco E, Sanjurjo L, Falguera M, Hernández M, Fernandez-Real JM, Sarrias MR, Alonso N, Mauricio D. Circulating Soluble CD36 is Similar in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus versus Non-Diabetic Subjects. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050710. [PMID: 31109109 PMCID: PMC6571689 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of sCD36 (soluble CD36) are associated with the presence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of sCD36 were analysed in 1023 subjects (225 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, 276 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, and 522 non-diabetic control subjects) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multinomial and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations with sCD36 and its association with diabetes types. There were no significant differences in sCD36 (p = 0.144) among study groups, neither in head-to-head comparisons: non-diabetic versus T1D subjects (p = 0.180), non-diabetic versus T2D subjects (p = 0.583), and T1D versus T2D patients (p = 0.151). In the multinomial model, lower sCD36 concentrations were associated with older age (p < 0.001), tobacco exposure (p = 0.006), T2D (p = 0.020), and a higher-platelets count (p = 0.004). However, in logistic regression models of diabetes, sCD36 showed only a weak association with T2D. The current findings show a weak association of circulating sCD36 with type 2 diabetes and no association with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Primary Health Care Cervera, Gerència d'Atenció Primaria, Institut Català de la Salut, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 25200 Cervera, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) & University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova & Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José-Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Dr Josep Trueta & Biomedical Research Institute of Girona (IDIBGI), 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Alonso
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol & Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida) & University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Wang Y, Koch M, di Giuseppe R, Evans K, Borggrefe J, Nöthlings U, Handberg A, Jensen MK, Lieb W. Associations of plasma CD36 and body fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4016-4023. [PMID: 31034016 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT CD36 is a class B scavenger-receptor involved in the uptake of fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue. It is unknown whether plasma CD36 levels are related to liver fat content or adipose tissue in the general population. METHODS We measured plasma CD36 from 575 participants of the community-based PopGen-cohort who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue and liver signal intensity (LSI), a proxy for liver fat content. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined as LSI ≥3.0 in the absence of high alcohol intake. The relations between plasma CD36 and body mass index (BMI), VAT, SAT, LSI, and NAFLD were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Plasma CD36 concentrations were correlated with BMI (r=0.11; P=0.01), SAT (r=0.16; P<0.001), and VAT (r=0.15, P<0.001), but not with LSI (P=0.44). In multivariable-adjusted regression models, mean BMI values rose across CD36-quartiles (Q1: 27.8 kg/m2; Q4: 28.9 kg/m2; P-trend=0.013). Similarly, VAT (Q1: 4.13 dm3; Q4: 4.71 dm3; P-trend<0.001) and SAT (Q1: 7.61 dm3; Q4: 8.74 dm3; P-trend<0.001) rose across CD36 quartiles. Plasma CD36 concentrations were unrelated to LSI (P-trend=0.36), and NAFLD (P-trend=0.64). Participants with NAFLD and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker for liver damage, had higher CD36 compared to NAFLD participants with normal ALT. CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma concentrations of CD36 were associated with greater general and abdominal adiposity, but not with liver fat content or NAFLD in this community-based sample. However, plasma CD36 may reflect more severe liver damage in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Manja Koch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Evans
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Borggrefe
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Chen X, Chen X, Xu Y, Yang W, Wu N, Ye H, Yang JY, Hong Q, Xin Y, Yang MQ, Deng Y, Duan S. Association of six CpG-SNPs in the inflammation-related genes with coronary heart disease. Hum Genomics 2016; 10 Suppl 2:21. [PMID: 27461004 PMCID: PMC4965732 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation has been widely considered to be the major risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD). The goal of our study was to explore the possible association with CHD for inflammation-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides. A total of 784 CHD patients and 739 non-CHD controls were recruited from Zhejiang Province, China. Using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform, we measured the genotypes of six inflammation-related CpG-SNPs, including IL1B rs16944, IL1R2 rs2071008, PLA2G7 rs9395208, FAM5C rs12732361, CD40 rs1800686, and CD36 rs2065666). Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between CHD and non-CHD individuals using the CLUMP22 software with 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. Results Allelic tests showed that PLA2G7 rs9395208 and CD40 rs1800686 were significantly associated with CHD. Moreover, IL1B rs16944, PLA2G7 rs9395208, and CD40 rs1800686 were shown to be associated with CHD under the dominant model. Further gender-based subgroup tests showed that one SNP (CD40 rs1800686) and two SNPs (FAM5C rs12732361 and CD36 rs2065666) were associated with CHD in females and males, respectively. And the age-based subgroup tests indicated that PLA2G7 rs9395208, IL1B rs16944, and CD40 rs1800686 were associated with CHD among individuals younger than 55, younger than 65, and over 65, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, all the six inflammation-related CpG-SNPs (rs16944, rs2071008, rs12732361, rs2065666, rs9395208, and rs1800686) were associated with CHD in the combined or subgroup tests, suggesting an important role of inflammation in the risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - William Yang
- Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road (R8700), Austin, TX, 78758-4497, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China.,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Huadan Ye
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Jack Y Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center, Department of Information Science, George Washington Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Science, and Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2881 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yanfei Xin
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center, Department of Information Science, George Washington Donaghey College of Engineering and Information Science, and Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2881 S. University Ave, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiwei Duan
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
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Reduced sCD36 following weight loss corresponds to improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and liver fat in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1073-7. [PMID: 27273071 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity is a major health problem with serious long-term metabolic consequences. CD36 is important for the development of obesity-related complications among adults. We aimed to investigate circulating sCD36 during weight loss in childhood obesity and its associations with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hepatic fat accumulation and low-grade inflammation. SUBJECTS/METHODS The impact of a 10-week weight loss camp for obese children (N=113) on plasma sCD36 and further after a 12-month follow-up (N=68) was investigated. Clinical and biochemical data were collected, and sCD36 was measured by an in-house assay. Liver fat was estimated by ultrasonography and insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Along with marked weight loss, sCD36 was reduced by 21% (P=0.0013) following lifestyle intervention, and individual sCD36 reductions were significantly associated with the corresponding decreases in HOMA-IR, triglycerides and total cholesterol. The largest sCD36 decrease occurred among children who reduced HOMA-IR and liver fat. After 12 months of follow-up, sCD36 was increased (P=0.014) and the metabolic improvements were largely lost. CONCLUSIONS Weight-loss-induced sCD36 reduction, coincident with improved insulin resistance, circulating lipids and hepatic fat accumulation, proposes that sCD36 may be an early marker of long-term health risk associated with obesity-related complications.
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CD36 is a co-receptor for hepatitis C virus E1 protein attachment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21808. [PMID: 26898231 PMCID: PMC4761891 DOI: 10.1038/srep21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a membrane protein related to lipid metabolism. We show that HCV infection in vitro increased CD36 expression in either surface or soluble form. HCV attachment was facilitated through a direct interaction between CD36 and HCV E1 protein, causing enhanced entry and replication. The HCV co-receptor effect of CD36 was independent of that of SR-BI. CD36 monoclonal antibodies neutralized the effect of CD36 and reduced HCV replication. CD36 inhibitor sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), which directly bound CD36 but not SR-BI, significantly interrupted HCV entry, and therefore inhibited HCV replication. SSO’s antiviral effect was seen only in HCV but not in other viruses. SSO in combination with known anti-HCV drugs showed additional inhibition against HCV. SSO was considerably safe in mice. Conclusively, CD36 interacts with HCV E1 and might be a co-receptor specific for HCV entry; thus, CD36 could be a potential drug target against HCV.
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Ramos-Arellano LE, Muñoz-Valle JF, De la Cruz-Mosso U, Salgado-Bernabé AB, Castro-Alarcón N, Parra-Rojas I. Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:54. [PMID: 24766787 PMCID: PMC4012526 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) results from a combination of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to thrombosis. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD. CD36 has been shown to play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by its capacity to bind and promote endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and is implicated in the formation of foam cells. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether there is an association of sCD36 and oxLDL levels with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects. METHODS A total of 188 subjects, 18 to 25 years old, 133 normal-weight and 55 obese subjects from the state of Guerrero, Mexico were recruited in the study. The lipid profile and glucose levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) for oxLDL and sCD36 were performed. Statistical analyses of data were performed with Wilcoxon- Mann Whitney and chi-square tests as well as with multinomial regression. RESULTS TC, LDL-C, TG, oxLDL and sCD36 levels were higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight controls, as well as, monocyte and platelet counts (P < 0.05). Obese subjects had 5.8 times higher risk of sCD36 in the third tertil (>97.8 ng/mL) than normal-weight controls (P = 0.014), and 7.4 times higher risk of oxLDL levels in third tertile (>48 U/L) than control group. The subjects with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting impaired LDL-C had a higher risk of oxLDL levels in the third tertile (>48 U/L) than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects and may be potential early markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México.
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Knøsgaard L, Thomsen SB, Støckel M, Vestergaard H, Handberg A. Circulating sCD36 is associated with unhealthy fat distribution and elevated circulating triglycerides in morbidly obese individuals. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e114. [PMID: 24710072 PMCID: PMC4007154 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recently identified circulating sCD36 has been proposed to reflect tissue CD36 expression, and is upregulated in case of obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of weight loss secondary to bariatric surgery in relation to sCD36 among morbidly obese individuals. Furthermore, we investigated the levels of sCD36 in relation to obesity-related metabolic complications, low-grade inflammation and fat distribution. Methods: Twenty morbidly obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) 43.0±5.4 kg m−2) with a referral to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were included. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected at a preoperative baseline visit and 3 months after surgery. sCD36 was measured by an in-house assay, whereas insulin sensitivity and the hepatic fat accumulation were estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-%S) and liver fat percentage (LF%), respectively. Results: Postoperatively, BMI was reduced by 20% to 34.3±5.2 kg m−2 (P<0.001). sCD36 was reduced by 31% (P=0.001) and improvements were observed in the amount of fat mass (P<0.001), truncal fat mass (P<0.001), circulating triglycerides (P=0.001), HOMA-%S (P=0.007), LF% (P=0.001) and the inflammatory marker high-sensitive C-reactive protein (P=0.005). sCD36 correlated with triglycerides (ρ=0.523, P=0.001) and truncal fat mass (ρ=0.357, P=0.026), and triglycerides were found to be an independent predictor of sCD36. At baseline, participants with the metabolic syndrome had a higher LF% and higher levels of the inflammatory biomarker YKL-40 (P=0.003 and P=0.014) as well as a tendency towards higher levels of sCD36. Conclusion: sCD36 was reduced by weight loss and associated with an unhealthy fat accumulation and circulating triglycerides, which support the proposed role of sCD36 as a biochemical marker of obesity-related metabolic complications and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Knøsgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S B Thomsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Støckel
- Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - H Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Handberg
- 1] Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark [2] Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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García-Monzón C, Lo Iacono O, Crespo J, Romero-Gómez M, García-Samaniego J, Fernández-Bermejo M, Domínguez-Díez A, Rodríguez de Cía J, Sáez A, Porrero JL, Vargas-Castrillón J, Chávez-Jiménez E, Soto-Fernández S, Díaz A, Gallego-Durán R, Madejón A, Miquilena-Colina ME. Increased soluble CD36 is linked to advanced steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:65-73. [PMID: 24134687 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble CD36 (sCD36) clusters with insulin resistance, but no evidence exists on its relationship with hepatic fat content. We determined sCD36 to assess its link to steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and twenty-seven NAFLD, eighty-seven CHC, and eighty-five patients with histologically normal liver (NL) were studied. Steatosis was graded by Kleiner's histological scoring system. Serum sCD36 and hepatic CD36 expression was assessed by immunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS In NAFLD, serum sCD36 levels were significantly higher in simple steatosis than in NL (361.4 ± 286.4 vs. 173.9 ± 137.4 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001), but not in steatohepatitis (229.6 ± 202.5 pg/mL; P = 0.153). In CHC, serum sCD36 levels were similar regardless of the absence (428.7 ± 260.3 pg/mL) or presence of steatosis (387.2 ± 283.6 pg/mL; P = 0.173). A progressive increase in serum sCD36 values was found in NAFLD depending on the histological grade of steatosis (P < 0.001), but not in CHC (P = 0.151). Serum sCD36 concentrations were independently associated with advanced steatosis in NAFLD when adjusted by demographic and anthropometric features [odds ratio (OR), 1.001; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.000 to 1.002; P = 0.021] and by metabolic variables (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.003; P = 0.001). Interestingly, a significant correlation was observed between hepatic CD36 and serum sCD36 (ρ = 0.499, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased serum sCD36 is an independent factor associated with advanced steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo García-Monzón
- Liver Research Unit, University Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
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