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Bannikova AA, Chernetskaya D, Raspopova A, Alexandrov D, Fang Y, Dokuchaev N, Sheftel B, Lebedev V. Evolutionary history of the genusSorex(Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) as inferred from multigene data. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dmitry Alexandrov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Yun Fang
- Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Science; Beijing China
| | - Nikolai Dokuchaev
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North FEB; Russian Academy of Sciences; Magadan Russia
| | - Boris Sheftel
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
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Nagorsen DW, Panter N, Hope AG. Are the western water shrew (Sorex navigator) and American water shrew (Sorex palustris) morphologically distinct? CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic studies applying the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene and nuclear genes revealed divergent cordilleran and boreal lineages in western populations of the Sorex palustris complex that are now recognized as distinct species: Sorex navigator (Baird, 1858) (western water shrew) and Sorex palustris Richardson, 1828 (American water shrew). Their distributions in western Canada are parapatric with a potential contact zone in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Using 80 specimens including 69 of known genotype, we assessed morphological differentiation in metric and nonmetric traits among S. navigator, S. palustris, and Sorex bendirii (Merriam, 1894) (marsh shrew), a sister species of S. navigator. Multivariate analyses revealed discrete morpho groups concordant with their genetic lineages and species-level divergence. Three individuals from northwestern British Columbia and one from southwestern Alberta with discordant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA aligned with the S. navigator morpho group showing no evidence for morphological intergradation with S. palustris. Although differentiated in genotype, S. navigator and S. palustris are cryptic species that can only be discriminated from morphology with metric cranio-dental data. We developed diagnostic morphometric criteria to identify specimens lacking genetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Nagorsen
- Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada
| | - Nick Panter
- Royal BC Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Hope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Mackiewicz P, Moska M, Wierzbicki H, Gagat P, Mackiewicz D. Evolutionary history and phylogeographic relationships of shrews from Sorex araneus group. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179760. [PMID: 28650986 PMCID: PMC5484494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrews of the Sorex genus are an evolutionarily successful group that includes more than 77 species widely distributed in Eurasia and North America. The genus is one of the rare cases where karyotypic changes reflect well the evolutionary relationships among its species. The taxa showing the greatest variation in karyotype are usually classified into the Sorex araneus group. Its evolution was associated with chromosomal rearrangements, which could have promoted fast diversification of this group into many chromosomal races and species. These processes were additionally complicated by introgressions of mitochondrial DNA, which made the evolutionary history of this group quite complex and difficult to infer. To tackle the problem, we performed multi-method phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome b that is considered a good molecular marker available for many representatives of Sorex. The results were compared with phylogenies based on chromosomal rearrangement data and put into temporal and spatial context using molecular dating and historical biogeography methods. We complemented the study with the estimation of diversification rates within the S. araneus group as well as comparing the results with paleontological records and climatic oscillations within the last 4 million years. Based on the gathered data, we proposed a hypothetical scenario for the evolution and geographic dispersion of species belonging to the S. araneus group. The shrews began to diversify about 2.7 million years ago in Eurasia and then migrated at least twice to North America. The evolution of shrews was driven by Pleistocene glacial and interglacial cycles, which increased their speciation rate and the emergence of new lineages. The migrations of populations were accompanied by introgressions of mitochondrial DNA into native shrews and occurred at least twice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Moska
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Heliodor Wierzbicki
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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ROFES JUAN, CUENCA-BESCÓS GLORIA. A new genus of red-toothed shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Early Pleistocene of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain), and a phylogenetic approach to the Eurasiatic Soricinae. Zool J Linn Soc 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Frafjord K. Can environmental factors explain size variation in the common shrew (Sorex araneus)? Mamm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ohdachi SD, Hasegawa M, Iwasa MA, Vogel P, Oshida T, Lin L, Abe H. Molecular phylogenetics of soricid shrews (Mammalia) based on mitochondrial cytochrome
b
gene sequences: with special reference to the Soricinae. J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Ohdachi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - M. Hasegawa
- Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato‐ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. A. Iwasa
- Department of Wildlife Science, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - P. Vogel
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. Oshida
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - L.‐K. Lin
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Enghoff H. HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE HOLARCTIC: AREA RELATIONSHIPS, ANCESTRAL AREAS, AND DISPERSAL OF NON-MARINE ANIMALS. Cladistics 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1995.tb00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bedford JM, Mock OB, Goodman SM. Novelties of conception in insectivorous mammals (Lipotyphla), particularly shrews. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2005; 79:891-909. [PMID: 15682875 DOI: 10.1017/s1464793104006529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the order Lipotyphla (Insectivora), certain reproductive features differ quite distinctly from the eutherian norms, and are of interest with regard to the evolution of mammalian gamete function and perhaps for questions of lipotyphlan phylogeny. As seen in one or more members of five lipotyphlan families (shrews, moles, hedgehogs, golden moles, tenrecs), these features can involve the configuration of the male tract including the penis, the morphology of the sperm head, the anatomy of the oviduct and the patterns of sperm transport within it, the character of the cumulus oophorus, and the way in which fertilising spermatozoa interact with the eggs. However, the picture is by no means uniform within the order. Reproductive idiosyncrasies occur variously in the different lipotyphlan families, and appear consistently and strikingly in shrews--the group studied most extensively. Compared to the patterns in most Eutheria, the most interesting anomalies in soricids include (a) the regulation of sperm transport to the site of fertilisation by oviduct crypts, whose arrangement can vary even according to species, (b) a circumscribed matrix-free cumulus oophorus that appears essential for fertilisation as the inducer of the acrosome reaction, (c) barbs on the acrosome-reacted sperm head by which it may attach to the zona pellucida. With regard to the bearing such reproductive traits might have on lipotyphlan systematics, the African mouse shrew (Myosorex varius) displays a mix of traits that characterize either crocidurine or soricine shrews, consistent with the proposal that it belongs in a more primitive tribe, Myosoricinae, or subfamily, the Crocidosoricinae, from which the crocidurine and soricine lines probably evolved. Moreover, although elephant shrews are assigned now to a separate order (Macroscelidea), they display several of the unusual reproductive features seen in lipotyphlans, particularly in chrysochlorids and tenrecs. On the other hand, if used as a phylogenetic yardstick, none of the reproductive features described serves to define the Lipotyphla as classically constituted within one order, nor necessarily all the relationships suggested by recent sequencing studies of nuclear and mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Bedford
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Symonds MRE. Phylogeny and life histories of the 'Insectivora': controversies and consequences. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2005; 80:93-128. [PMID: 15727040 DOI: 10.1017/s1464793104006566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary relationships of the eutherian order Insectivora (Lipotyphla sensu stricto) are the subject of considerable debate. The difficulties in establishing insectivore phylogeny stem from their lack of many shared derived characteristics. The grouping is therefore something of a 'wastebasket' taxon. Most of the older estimates of phylogeny, based on morphological evidence, assumed insectivore monophyly. More recently, molecular phylogenies argue strongly against monophyly, although they differ in the extent of polyphyly inferred for the order. I review the history of insectivore phylogenetics and systematics, focussing on the relationships between the six extant families (Erinaceidae--hedgehogs and moonrats, Talpidae - moles and desmans, Soricidae - shrews, Solenodontidae--solenodons, Tenrecidae--tenrecs and otter-shrews and Chrysochloridae--golden moles). I then examine how these various phylogenetic hypotheses influence the results of comparative analyses and our interpretation of insectivore life-history evolution. I assess which particular controversies have the greatest effect on results, and discuss the implications for comparative analyses where the phylogeny is controversial. I also explore and suggest explanations for certain insectivore life-history trends: increased gestation length and litter size in tenrecs, increased encephalization in moles, and the mixed fast and slow life-history strategies in solenodons. Finally, I consider the implications for comparative analyses of the recent strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis of an endemic African clade of mammals that includes the insectivore families of tenrecs and golden moles.
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Fumagalli L, Hausser J, Taberlet P, Gielly L, Stewart DT. Phylogenetic Structures of the Holarctic Sorex Araneus Group and Its Relationships with S. Samniticus, as Inferred from mtDNA Sequences. Hereditas 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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A composite species-level phylogeny of the Insectivora (Mammalia: Order Lipotyphla Haeckel, 1866). J Zool (1987) 2003. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836903003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. E. Symonds
- University Museum of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Demboski JR, Cook JA. Phylogeography of the dusky shrew, Sorex monticolus (Insectivora, Soricidae): insight into deep and shallow history in northwestern North America. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:1227-40. [PMID: 11380879 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among the dusky shrew (Sorexmonticolus) and eight related species (S. bairdi, S. bendirii, S. neomexicanus, S.ornatus, S. pacificus, S. palustris, S. sonomae and S.vagrans) were assessed using sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (801 bp). Analyses using parsimony and maximum likelihood revealed significant molecular variation not reflected in previous morphological studies of these species. Conversely, three morphologically defined species (S.bairdi, S.neomexicanus and S.pacificus) were poorly differentiated. Sorexornatus and S.vagrans represented basal taxa for a more inclusive group that included: (i) a widespread Continental clade containing S.monticolus (Arizona to Alaska, including S. neomexicanus); (ii) a Coastal clade containing S.monticolus (Oregon to south-east Alaska, including S. bairdi and S. pacificus); (iii) the semiaquatic species (S. bendirii and S. palustris); and (iv) S.sonomae. Additional subdivision was observed within the Continental clade corresponding to populations from the northern and southern Rocky Mountains. Average uncorrected sequence divergence between the Coastal and Continental clades was 5.3% (range 4.5-6.2%), which exceeds many interspecific comparisons within this species complex and within the genus Sorex. Lack of resolution of internal nodes within topologies suggests a deep history of rapid diversification within this group. Late Pleistocene/Holocene glacial perturbations are reflected in the shallow phylogeographic structure within these clades in western North America. Our results suggest also that S. monticolus is not monophyletic under current taxonomic nomenclature. This perspective on phylogeographic history was developed within a growing comparative framework for other organisms in western North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Demboski
- University of Alaska Museum and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 907 Yukon Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6960, USA.
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Symonds MRE. Life histories of the Insectivora: the role of phylogeny, metabolism and sex differences. J Zool (1987) 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fumagalli L, Taberlet P, Stewart DT, Gielly L, Hausser J, Vogel P. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Sorex shrews (Soricidae: insectivora) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1999; 11:222-35. [PMID: 10191067 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1998.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Shrews of the genus Sorex are characterized by a Holarctic distribution, and relationships among extant taxa have never been fully resolved. Phylogenies have been proposed based on morphological, karyological, and biochemical comparisons, but these analyses often produced controversial and contradictory results. Phylogenetic analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (1011 bp) were used to examine the relationships among 27 Sorex species. The molecular data suggest that Sorex comprises two major monophyletic lineages, one restricted mostly to the New World and one with a primarily Palearctic distribution. Furthermore, several sister-species relationships are revealed by the analysis. Based on the split between the Soricinae and Crocidurinae subfamilies, we used a 95% confidence interval for both the calibration of a molecular clock and the subsequent calculation of major diversification events within the genus Sorex. Our analysis does not support an unambiguous acceleration of the molecular clock in shrews, the estimated rate being similar to other estimates of mammalian mitochondrial clocks. In addition, the data presented here indicate that estimates from the fossil record greatly underestimate divergence dates among Sorex taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fumagalli
- Institut de Zoologie et d'Ecologie Animale, Bâtiment de Biologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Halanych KM, Demboski JR, van Vuuren BJ, Klein DR, Cook JA. Cytochrome b phylogeny of North American hares and jackrabbits (Lepus, lagomorpha) and the effects of saturation in outgroup taxa. Mol Phylogenet Evol 1999; 11:213-21. [PMID: 10191066 DOI: 10.1006/mpev.1998.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Jackrabbits and hares, members of the genus Lepus, comprise over half of the species within the family Leporidae (Lagomorpha). Despite their ecological importance, potential economic impact, and worldwide distribution, the evolution of hares and jackrabbits has been poorly studied. We provide an initial phylogenetic framework for jackrabbits and hares so that explicit hypotheses about their evolution can be developed and tested. To this end, we have collected DNA sequence data from a 702-bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and reconstructed the evolutionary history (via parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood) of 11 species of Lepus, focusing on North American taxa. Due to problems of saturation, induced by multiple substitutions, at synonymous coding positions between the ingroup taxa and the outgroups (Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus), both rooted and unrooted trees were examined. Variation in tree topologies generated by different reconstruction methods was observed in analyses including the outgroups, but not in the analyses of unrooted ingroup networks. Apparently, substitutional saturation hindered the analyses when outgroups were considered. The trees based on the cytochrome b data indicate that the taxonomic status of some species needs to be reassessed and that species of Lepus within North America do not form a monophyletic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Halanych
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Ohdachi S, Masuda R, Abe H, Adachi J, Dokuchaev NE, Haukisalmi V, Yoshida MC. Phylogeny of Eurasian Soricine Shrews (Insectivora, Mammalia) Inferred from the Mitochondrial CytochromebGene Sequences. Zoolog Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.14.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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