1
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Marciszak A, Mackiewicz P, Borówka RK, Capalbo C, Chibowski P, Gąsiorowski M, Hercman H, Cedro B, Kropczyk A, Gornig W, Moska P, Nowakowski D, Ratajczak-Skrzatek U, Sobczyk A, Sykut MT, Zarzecka-Szubińska K, Kovalchuk O, Barkaszi Z, Stefaniak K, Mazza PPA. Fate and preservation of the late pleistocene cave bears from Niedźwiedzia Cave in Poland, through taphonomy, pathology, and geochemistry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9775. [PMID: 38684693 PMCID: PMC11059340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study examines fossil remains from Niedźwiedzia Cave in the Eastern Sudetes, offering detailed insights into the palaeobiology and adversities encountered by the Pleistocene cave bear Ursus spelaeus ingressus. Emphasising habitual cave use for hibernation and a primarily herbivorous diet, the findings attribute mortality to resource scarcity during hibernation and habitat fragmentation amid climate shifts. Taphonomic analysis indicates that the cave was extensively used by successive generations of bears, virtually unexposed to the impact of predators. The study also reveals that alkaline conditions developed in the cave during the post-depositional taphonomic processes. Mortality patterns, notably among juveniles, imply dwindling resources, indicative of environmental instability. Skeletal examination reveals a high incidence of forelimb fractures, indicating risks during activities like digging or confrontations. Palaeopathological evidence unveils vulnerabilities to tuberculosis, abscesses, rickets, and injuries, elucidating mobility challenges. The cave's silts exhibit a high zinc concentration, potentially derived from successive bear generations consuming zinc-rich plants. This study illuminates the lives of late cave bears, elucidating unique environmental hurdles faced near their species' end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Marciszak
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ryszard K Borówka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Szczecin University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Chiara Capalbo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Piotr Chibowski
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gąsiorowski
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Hercman
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernard Cedro
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Gornig
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Moska
- Institute of Physics - Centre for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowakowski
- Division of Anthropology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Artur Sobczyk
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej T Sykut
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, Moesgård Allé 20, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1C, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | | | - Oleksandr Kovalchuk
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Museum of Natural History, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Zoltán Barkaszi
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, National Museum of Natural History, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, John Von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | | | - Paul P A Mazza
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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2
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Sidorczuk K, Mackiewicz P, Pietluch F, Gagat P. Characterization of signal and transit peptides based on motif composition and taxon-specific patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15751. [PMID: 37735485 PMCID: PMC10514287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting peptides or presequences are N-terminal extensions of proteins that encode information about their cellular localization. They include signal peptides (SP), which target proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum, and transit peptides (TP) directing proteins to the organelles of endosymbiotic origin: chloroplasts and mitochondria. TPs were hypothesized to have evolved from antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are responsible for the host defence against microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this study, we performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of amino acid motifs of targeting peptides and AMPs using a curated set of experimentally verified proteins. We identified motifs frequently occurring in each type of presequence showing specific patterns associated with their amino acid composition, and investigated their position within the presequence. We also compared motif patterns among different taxonomic groups and identified taxon-specific features, providing some evolutionary insights. Considering the functional relevance and many practical applications of targeting peptides and AMPs, we believe that our analyses will prove useful for their design, and better understanding of protein import mechanism and presequence evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sidorczuk
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Pietluch
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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Ostrówka M, Duda-Madej A, Pietluch F, Mackiewicz P, Gagat P. Testing Antimicrobial Properties of Human Lactoferrin-Derived Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10529. [PMID: 37445717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in the innate immune system, with antibacterial, antivirial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions reported. It is worth emphasizing that not only the whole protein but also its derived fragments possess antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity. Using AmpGram, a top-performing AMP classifier, we generated three novel human lactoferrin (hLF) fragments: hLF 397-412, hLF 448-464 and hLF 668-683, predicted with high probability as AMPs. For comparative studies, we included hLF 1-11, previously confirmed to kill some bacteria. With the four peptides, we treated three Gram-negative and three Gram-positive bacterial strains. Our results indicate that none of the three new lactoferrin fragments have antimicrobial properties for the bacteria tested, but hLF 1-11 was lethal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The addition of serine protease inhibitors with the hLF fragments did not enhance their activity, except for hLF 1-11 against P. aeruginosa, which MIC dropped from 128 to 64 µg/mL. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of EDTA with/without serine protease inhibitors and the hLF peptides on selected bacteria. We stress the importance of reporting non-AMP sequences for the development of next-generation AMP prediction models, which suffer from the lack of experimentally validated negative dataset for training and benchmarking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ostrówka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Pietluch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
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Sidorczuk K, Gagat P, Kała J, Nielsen H, Pietluch F, Mackiewicz P, Burdukiewicz M. Prediction of protein subplastid localization and origin with PlastoGram. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8365. [PMID: 37225726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their complex history, plastids possess proteins encoded in the nuclear and plastid genome. Moreover, these proteins localize to various subplastid compartments. Since protein localization is associated with its function, prediction of subplastid localization is one of the most important steps in plastid protein annotation, providing insight into their potential function. Therefore, we create a novel manually curated data set of plastid proteins and build an ensemble model for prediction of protein subplastid localization. Moreover, we discuss problems associated with the task, e.g. data set sizes and homology reduction. PlastoGram classifies proteins as nuclear- or plastid-encoded and predicts their localization considering: envelope, stroma, thylakoid membrane or thylakoid lumen; for the latter, the import pathway is also predicted. We also provide an additional function to differentiate nuclear-encoded inner and outer membrane proteins. PlastoGram is available as a web server at https://biogenies.info/PlastoGram and as an R package at https://github.com/BioGenies/PlastoGram . The code used for described analyses is available at https://github.com/BioGenies/PlastoGram-analysis .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Kała
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Filip Pietluch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089, Białystok, Poland.
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Pawlak K, Błażej P, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. The Influence of the Selection at the Amino Acid Level on Synonymous Codon Usage from the Viewpoint of Alternative Genetic Codes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021185. [PMID: 36674703 PMCID: PMC9866869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synonymous codon usage can be influenced by mutations and/or selection, e.g., for speed of protein translation and correct folding. However, this codon bias can also be affected by a general selection at the amino acid level due to differences in the acceptance of the loss and generation of these codons. To assess the importance of this effect, we constructed a mutation-selection model model, in which we generated almost 90,000 stationary nucleotide distributions produced by mutational processes and applied a selection based on differences in physicochemical properties of amino acids. Under these conditions, we calculated the usage of fourfold degenerated (4FD) codons and compared it with the usage characteristic of the pure mutations. We considered both the standard genetic code (SGC) and alternative genetic codes (AGCs). The analyses showed that a majority of AGCs produced a greater 4FD codon bias than the SGC. The mutations producing more thymine or adenine than guanine and cytosine increased the differences in usage. On the other hand, the mutational pressures generating a lot of cytosine or guanine with a low content of adenine and thymine decreased this bias because the nucleotide content of most 4FD codons stayed in the compositional equilibrium with these pressures. The comparison of the theoretical results with those for real protein coding sequences showed that the influence of selection at the amino acid level on the synonymous codon usage cannot be neglected. The analyses indicate that the effect of amino acid selection cannot be disregarded and that it can interfere with other selection factors influencing codon usage, especially in AT-rich genomes, in which AGCs are usually used.
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6
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Gagat P, Duda-Madej A, Ostrówka M, Pietluch F, Seniuk A, Mackiewicz P, Burdukiewicz M. Testing Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Short Amyloids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010804. [PMID: 36614244 PMCID: PMC9821130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloids and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have many similarities, e.g., both kill microorganisms by destroying their membranes, form aggregates, and modulate the innate immune system. Given these similarities and the fact that the antimicrobial properties of short amyloids have not yet been investigated, we chose a group of potentially antimicrobial short amyloids to verify their impact on bacterial and eukaryotic cells. We used AmpGram, a best-performing AMP classification model, and selected ten amyloids with the highest AMP probability for our experimental research. Our results indicate that four tested amyloids: VQIVCK, VCIVYK, KCWCFT, and GGYLLG, formed aggregates under the conditions routinely used to evaluate peptide antimicrobial properties, but none of the tested amyloids exhibited antimicrobial or cytotoxic properties. Accordingly, they should be included in the negative datasets to train the next-generation AMP prediction models, based on experimentally confirmed AMP and non-AMP sequences. In the article, we also emphasize the importance of reporting non-AMPs, given that only a handful of such sequences have been officially confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Gagat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Ostrówka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Pietluch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Seniuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (M.B.)
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7
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Sidorczuk K, Gagat P, Pietluch F, Kała J, Rafacz D, Bąkała L, Słowik J, Kolenda R, Rödiger S, Fingerhut LCHW, Cooke IR, Mackiewicz P, Burdukiewicz M. Benchmarks in antimicrobial peptide prediction are biased due to the selection of negative data. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6672903. [PMID: 35988923 PMCID: PMC9487607 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a heterogeneous group of short polypeptides that target not only microorganisms but also viruses and cancer cells. Due to their lower selection for resistance compared with traditional antibiotics, AMPs have been attracting the ever-growing attention from researchers, including bioinformaticians. Machine learning represents the most cost-effective method for novel AMP discovery and consequently many computational tools for AMP prediction have been recently developed. In this article, we investigate the impact of negative data sampling on model performance and benchmarking. We generated 660 predictive models using 12 machine learning architectures, a single positive data set and 11 negative data sampling methods; the architectures and methods were defined on the basis of published AMP prediction software. Our results clearly indicate that similar training and benchmark data set, i.e. produced by the same or a similar negative data sampling method, positively affect model performance. Consequently, all the benchmark analyses that have been performed for AMP prediction models are significantly biased and, moreover, we do not know which model is the most accurate. To provide researchers with reliable information about the performance of AMP predictors, we also created a web server AMPBenchmark for fair model benchmarking. AMPBenchmark is available at http://BioGenies.info/AMPBenchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jakub Kała
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Dominik Rafacz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Laura Bąkała
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Słowik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Poland
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Poland
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Germany
| | - Legana C H W Fingerhut
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Ira R Cooke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Australia
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Proćków M, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Żeromska A, Mackiewicz P. Temporal variation in climatic factors influences phenotypic diversity of Trochulus land snails. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12357. [PMID: 35853920 PMCID: PMC9296580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms with limited dispersal capabilities should show phenotypic plasticity in situ to keep pace with environmental changes. Therefore, to study the influence of environmental variation on the phenotypic diversity, we chose land snails, Trochulus hispidus and T. sericeus, characterized by high population variability. We performed long-term field studies as well as laboratory and common garden experiments, which revealed that temporal environmental changes generate visible variation in shell size and shape of these snails. Many shell measurements of T. hispidus varied significantly with temperature and humidity in individual years. According to this, the first generation of T. hispidus, bred in controlled laboratory conditions, became significantly different in higher spire and narrower umbilicus from its wild parents. Interestingly, offspring produced by this generation and transplanted to wild conditions returned to the ‘wild’ flat and wide-umbilicated shell shape. Moreover, initially different species T. hispidus and T. sericeus transferred into common environment conditions revealed rapid and convergent shell modifications within one generation. Such morphological flexibility and high genetic variation can be evolutionarily favored, when the environment is heterogeneous in time. The impact of climate change on the shell morphometry can lead to incorrect taxonomic classification or delimitation of artificial taxa in land snails. These findings have also important implications in the context of changing climate and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335, Wrocław, Poland. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żeromska
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Błażej P, Kowalski DR, Mackiewicz D, Wnetrzak M, Aloqalaa DA, Mackiewicz P. The structure of the genetic code as an optimal graph clustering problem. J Math Biol 2022; 85:9. [PMID: 35838803 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The standard genetic code (SGC) is the set of rules by which genetic information is translated into proteins, from codons, i.e. triplets of nucleotides, to amino acids. The questions about the origin and the main factor responsible for the present structure of the code are still under a hot debate. Various methodologies have been used to study the features of the code and assess the level of its potential optimality. Here, we introduced a new general approach to evaluate the quality of the genetic code structure. This methodology comes from graph theory and allows us to describe new properties of the genetic code in terms of conductance. This parameter measures the robustness of codon groups against the potential changes in translation of the protein-coding sequences generated by single nucleotide substitutions. We described the genetic code as a partition of an undirected and unweighted graph, which makes the model general and universal. Using this approach, we showed that the structure of the genetic code is a solution to the graph clustering problem. We presented and discussed the structure of the codes that are optimal according to the conductance. Despite the fact that the standard genetic code is far from being optimal according to the conductance, its structure is characterised by many codon groups reaching the minimum conductance for their size. The SGC represents most likely a local minimum in terms of errors occurring in protein-coding sequences and their translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dariusz R Kowalski
- School of Computer and Cyber Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnetrzak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Pawlak K, Wnetrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P, Błażej P. Models of genetic code structure evolution with variable number of coded labels. Biosystems 2021; 210:104528. [PMID: 34492316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is assumed that at the early stage of cell evolution its translation machinery was characterized by high noise, i.e. ambiguous assignment of codons to amino acids in the genetic code, which initially encoded only few amino acids. Next, during its evolution new amino acids were added to this code. Taking into account this facts, we investigated theoretical models of genetic code's structure, which evolved from a set of ambiguous codons assignments into a coding system with a low level of uncertainty. We considered three types of translational inaccuracies assuming a different number of fixed codon positions. We applied a modified version of evolutionary algorithm for finding the genetic codes that the most effectively reduced the initial uncertainty in the assignment of codons to encoded labels, i.e. amino acids and a stop translation signal. We examined codes with the number of labels from four to 22. Our results indicated that the quality of genetic code structure is strongly dependent on the number of encoded labels as well as the type of translational mechanism. The more strict assignments of codon to the labels was preferred by the codes encoding more number of labels. The results showed that a smaller degeneracy of codes evolved from a more tolerant coding with the stepwise addition of coded amino acids to the genetic code. The distribution of codon groups in the standard genetic code corresponds well to the translation model assuming two fixed codon positions, whereas the six-codon groups can be relics form previous stages of evolution when the code characterized by a greater uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pawlak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnetrzak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Błażej
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland.
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11
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Strzała T, Zaniewicz G, Kurkowski M, Mackiewicz P. Mitogenomes of Accipitriformes and Cathartiformes Were Subjected to Ancestral and Recent Duplications Followed by Gradual Degeneration. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6357707. [PMID: 34432018 PMCID: PMC8435663 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rearrangement of 37 genes with one control region, firstly identified in Gallus gallus mitogenome, is believed to be ancestral for all Aves. However, mitogenomic sequences obtained in recent years revealed that many avian mitogenomes contain duplicated regions that were omitted in previous genomic versions. Their evolution and mechanism of duplication are still poorly understood. The order of Accipitriformes is especially interesting in this context because its representatives contain a duplicated control region in various stages of degeneration. Therefore, we applied an appropriate PCR strategy to look for duplications within the mitogenomes of the early diverged species Sagittarius serpentarius and Cathartiformes, which is a sister order to Accipitriformes. The analyses revealed the same duplicated gene order in all examined taxa and the common ancestor of these groups. The duplicated regions were subjected to gradual degeneration and homogenization during concerted evolution. The latter process occurred recently in the species of Cathartiformes as well as in the early diverged lineages of Accipitriformes, that is, Sagittarius serpentarius and Pandion haliaetus. However, in other lineages, that is, Pernis ptilorhynchus, as well as representatives of Aegypiinae, Aquilinae, and five related subfamilies of Accipitriformes (Accipitrinae, Circinae, Buteoninae, Haliaeetinae, and Milvinae), the duplications were evolving independently for at least 14–47 Myr. Different portions of control regions in Cathartiformes showed conflicting phylogenetic signals indicating that some sections of these regions were homogenized at a frequency higher than the rate of speciation, whereas others have still evolved separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zaniewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Avian Ecophysiology Unit, University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Kurkowski
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Poland
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12
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Doan K, Niedziałkowska M, Stefaniak K, Sykut M, Jędrzejewska B, Ratajczak-Skrzatek U, Piotrowska N, Ridush B, Zachos FE, Popović D, Baca M, Mackiewicz P, Kosintsev P, Makowiecki D, Charniauski M, Boeskorov G, Bondarev AA, Danila G, Kusak J, Rannamäe E, Saarma U, Arakelyan M, Manaseryan N, Krasnodębski D, Titov V, Hulva P, Bălășescu A, Trantalidou K, Dimitrijević V, Shpansky A, Kovalchuk O, Klementiev AM, Foronova I, Malikov DG, Juras A, Nikolskiy P, Grigoriev SE, Cheprasov MY, Novgorodov GP, Sorokin AD, Wilczyński J, Protopopov AV, Lipecki G, Stanković A. Phylogenetics and phylogeography of red deer mtDNA lineages during the last 50 000 years in Eurasia. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present phylogeographic pattern of red deer in Eurasia is not only a result of the contraction of their distribution range into glacial refugia and postglacial expansion, but probably also an effect of replacement of some red deer s.l. mtDNA lineages by others during the last 50 000 years. To better recognize this process, we analysed 501 sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b, including 194 ancient and 75 contemporary samples newly obtained for this study. The inclusion of 161 radiocarbon-dated samples enabled us to study the phylogeny in a temporal context and conduct divergence-time estimation and molecular dating. Depending on methodology, our estimate of divergence between Cervus elaphus and Cervus canadensis varied considerably (370 000 or 1.37 million years BP, respectively). The divergence times of genetic lineages and haplogroups corresponded to large environmental changes associated with stadials and interstadials of the Late Pleistocene. Due to the climatic oscillations, the distribution of C. elaphus and C. canadensis fluctuated in north–south and east–west directions. Some haplotypes dated to pre-Last Glacial Maximum periods were not detected afterwards, representing possibly extinct populations. We indicated with a high probability the presence of red deer sensu lato in south-eastern Europe and western Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Doan
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Sykut
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Jędrzejewska
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1c, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Piotrowska
- Radiocarbon Laboratory Institute of Physics–Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22b,44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ridush
- Department of Physical Geography, Geomorphology and Paleogeography, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsubynskogo 2, Chernivtsi 58012, Ukraine
| | - Frank E Zachos
- Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, 9301 Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Danijela Popović
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Baca
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pavel Kosintsev
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta 202, Yekaterinburg 620144, Russia
| | - Daniel Makowiecki
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of Archaeology, Department of Historical Sciences, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maxim Charniauski
- Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Academic 1, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Gennady Boeskorov
- Institute of Diamond and Precious Metals Geology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Yakutia, Russian Federation
| | | | - Gabriel Danila
- Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava, Facultatea de Silvicultura, Suceava, Romania
| | - Josip Kusak
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eve Rannamäe
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marine Arakelyan
- Yerevan State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology, Alex Manoogian 1, 0025 Yerevan, Republic of Armenia
| | - Ninna Manaseryan
- The Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, P. Sevak 7, Yerevan 0014, Republic of Armenia
| | - Dariusz Krasnodębski
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, 00-140 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vadim Titov
- Southern Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhov 41, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Charles University in Prague, Department of Zoology, Viničná 1594/7, 128 00 Nové Město, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of Ostrava, Department of Biology and Ecology, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Slezská Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adrian Bălășescu
- ’Vasile Pârvan’ Institute of Archaeology, Romanian Academy, Henri Coandă 11, 010667 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Vesna Dimitrijević
- Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrey Shpansky
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Oleksandr Kovalchuk
- Department of Paleontology, National Museum of Natural History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 B. Khmelnytsky 15, Kyiv 01030Ukraine
| | - Alexey M Klementiev
- Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Foronova
- V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyuga pr. 3, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy G Malikov
- V. S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyuga pr. 3, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Juras
- Institute of Human Biology & Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Pavel Nikolskiy
- Laboratory of Quaternary Stratigraphy, Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | - Semyon Egorovich Grigoriev
- Laboratory of P. A. Lazarev Mammoth Museum of the Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov, Building of Faculties of Natural Sciences (KFEN), 48 Kulakovsky Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Yurievich Cheprasov
- Laboratory of P. A. Lazarev Mammoth Museum of the Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov, Building of Faculties of Natural Sciences (KFEN), 48 Kulakovsky Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | - Gavril Petrovich Novgorodov
- Laboratory of P. A. Lazarev Mammoth Museum of the Research Institute of Applied Ecology of the North, North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov, Building of Faculties of Natural Sciences (KFEN), 48 Kulakovsky Str., 677000 Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | | | - Jarosław Wilczyński
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Cracow, Poland
| | - Albert Vasilievich Protopopov
- Department of Study of Mammoth Fauna, Academy of Science of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Lenin Avenue 33, Yakutsk, 677027, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation
| | - Grzegorz Lipecki
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ana Stanković
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
- The Antiquity of Southeastern Europe Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 32, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Szulc N, Burdukiewicz M, Gąsior-Głogowska M, Wojciechowski JW, Chilimoniuk J, Mackiewicz P, Šneideris T, Smirnovas V, Kotulska M. Bioinformatics methods for identification of amyloidogenic peptides show robustness to misannotated training data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8934. [PMID: 33903613 PMCID: PMC8076271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several disorders are related to amyloid aggregation of proteins, for example Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Amyloid proteins form fibrils of aggregated beta structures. This is preceded by formation of oligomers-the most cytotoxic species. Determining amyloidogenicity is tedious and costly. The most reliable identification of amyloids is obtained with high resolution microscopies, such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM). More frequently, less expensive and faster methods are used, especially infrared (IR) spectroscopy or Thioflavin T staining. Different experimental methods are not always concurrent, especially when amyloid peptides do not readily form fibrils but oligomers. This may lead to peptide misclassification and mislabeling. Several bioinformatics methods have been proposed for in-silico identification of amyloids, many of them based on machine learning. The effectiveness of these methods heavily depends on accurate annotation of the reference training data obtained from in-vitro experiments. We study how robust are bioinformatics methods to weak supervision, encountering imperfect training data. AmyloGram and three other amyloid predictors were applied. The results proved that a certain degree of misannotation in the reference data can be eliminated by the bioinformatics tools, even if they belonged to their training set. The computational results are supported by new experiments with IR and AFM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szulc
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland ,grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418University of Lorraine, CNRS, 5400 Nancy, France
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- grid.48324.390000000122482838Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland ,grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub W. Wojciechowski
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chilimoniuk
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomas Šneideris
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Smirnovas
- grid.6441.70000 0001 2243 2806Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Malgorzata Kotulska
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Augustyniak D, Kramarska E, Mackiewicz P, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lundy FT. Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073658. [PMID: 33915818 PMCID: PMC8036953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of infection and inflammation by a variety of host peptides may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and it emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated to have similar antimicrobial activities to conventional antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum action against a variety of microorganisms. Neuropeptides display indirect anti-infective capacity via enhancement of the host’s innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. However, more recently concerns have been raised that some neuropeptides may have the potential to augment microbial virulence. In this review we discuss the dual role of neuropeptides, perceived as a double-edged sword, with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa but also capable of enhancing virulence and pathogenicity. We review the different ways by which neuropeptides modulate crucial stages of microbial pathogenesis such as adhesion, biofilm formation, invasion, intracellular lifestyle, dissemination, etc., including their anti-infective properties but also detrimental effects. Finally, we provide an overview of the efficacy and therapeutic potential of neuropeptides in murine models of infectious diseases and outline the intrinsic host factors as well as factors related to pathogen adaptation that may influence efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6296
| | - Eliza Kramarska
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | | | - Fionnuala T. Lundy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
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15
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Nowak K, Błażej P, Wnetrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. Some theoretical aspects of reprogramming the standard genetic code. Genetics 2021; 218:6169163. [PMID: 33711098 PMCID: PMC8128387 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of the standard genetic code to include non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) opens new prospects for medicine, industry, and biotechnology. There are several methods of code engineering, which allow us for storing new genetic information in DNA sequences and producing proteins with new properties. Here, we provided a theoretical background for the optimal genetic code expansion, which may find application in the experimental design of the genetic code. We assumed that the expanded genetic code includes both canonical and non-canonical information stored in 64 classical codons. What is more, the new coding system is robust to point mutations and minimizes the possibility of reversion from the new to old information. In order to find such codes, we applied graph theory to analyze the properties of optimal codon sets. We presented the formal procedure in finding the optimal codes with various number of vacant codons that could be assigned to new amino acids. Finally, we discussed the optimal number of the newly incorporated ncAAs and also the optimal size of codon groups that can be assigned to ncAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Nowak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 15, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Błażej
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnetrzak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Malek N, Michrowska A, Mazurkiewicz E, Mrówczyńska E, Mackiewicz P, Mazur AJ. The origin of the expressed retrotransposed gene ACTBL2 and its influence on human melanoma cells' motility and focal adhesion formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3329. [PMID: 33558623 PMCID: PMC7870945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently found that β-actin-like protein 2 (actbl2) forms complexes with gelsolin in human melanoma cells and can polymerize. Phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses showed that actbl2 has a common origin with two non-muscle actins, which share a separate history from the muscle actins. The actin groups' divergence started at the beginning of vertebrate evolution, and actbl2 actins are characterized by the largest number of non-conserved amino acid substitutions of all actins. We also discovered that ACTBL2 is expressed at a very low level in several melanoma cell lines, but a small subset of cells exhibited a high ACTBL2 expression. We found that clones with knocked-out ACTBL2 (CR-ACTBL2) or overexpressing actbl2 (OE-ACTBL2) differ from control cells in the invasion, focal adhesion formation, and actin polymerization ratio, as well as in the formation of lamellipodia and stress fibers. Thus, we postulate that actbl2 is the seventh actin isoform and is essential for cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malek
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Michrowska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Antonina J Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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17
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz P. New view on the organization and evolution of Palaeognathae mitogenomes poses the question on the ancestral gene rearrangement in Aves. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:874. [PMID: 33287726 PMCID: PMC7720580 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bird mitogenomes differ from other vertebrates in gene rearrangement. The most common avian gene order, identified first in Gallus gallus, is considered ancestral for all Aves. However, other rearrangements including a duplicated control region and neighboring genes have been reported in many representatives of avian orders. The repeated regions can be easily overlooked due to inappropriate DNA amplification or genome sequencing. This raises a question about the actual prevalence of mitogenomic duplications and the validity of the current view on the avian mitogenome evolution. In this context, Palaeognathae is especially interesting because is sister to all other living birds, i.e. Neognathae. So far, a unique duplicated region has been found in one palaeognath mitogenome, that of Eudromia elegans. RESULTS Therefore, we applied an appropriate PCR strategy to look for omitted duplications in other palaeognaths. The analyses revealed the duplicated control regions with adjacent genes in Crypturellus, Rhea and Struthio as well as ND6 pseudogene in three moas. The copies are very similar and were subjected to concerted evolution. Mapping the presence and absence of duplication onto the Palaeognathae phylogeny indicates that the duplication was an ancestral state for this avian group. This feature was inherited by early diverged lineages and lost two times in others. Comparison of incongruent phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences showed that two variants of mitogenomes could exist in the evolution of palaeognaths. Data collected for other avian mitogenomes revealed that the last common ancestor of all birds and early diverging lineages of Neoaves could also possess the mitogenomic duplication. CONCLUSIONS The duplicated control regions with adjacent genes are more common in avian mitochondrial genomes than it was previously thought. These two regions could increase effectiveness of replication and transcription as well as the number of replicating mitogenomes per organelle. In consequence, energy production by mitochondria may be also more efficient. However, further physiological and molecular analyses are necessary to assess the potential selective advantages of the mitogenome duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 7 Kozuchowska Street, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 7 Kozuchowska Street, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 14a Fryderyka Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 14a Fryderyka Joliot-Curie Street, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Proćków M, Kuźnik‐Kowalska E, Pieńkowska JR, Żeromska A, Mackiewicz P. Speciation in sympatric species of land snails from the genus
Trochulus
(Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik‐Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Żeromska
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics University of Wrocław Wrocław Poland
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19
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Mackiewicz P. AUG as the Translation Start Codon in Circular RNA Molecules: A Connection between Protein-Coding Genes and Transfer RNAs? Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000061. [PMID: 32338385 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 14a Fryderyka Joliot-Curie Street, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
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Li C, Ashworth MP, Mackiewicz P, Dąbek P, Witkowski J, Górecka E, Krzywda M, Witkowski A. Morphology, phylogeny, and molecular dating in Plagiogrammaceae family focused on Plagiogramma-Dimeregramma complex (Urneidophycidae, Bacillariophyceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 148:106808. [PMID: 32243996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although previous phylogenetic analyses suggested that the araphid diatom family Plagiogrammaceae is monophyletic, there is still not a clear understanding of relationships among the genera, and the taxonomy of several genera--Dimeregramma and Plagiogramma--remains questionable in light of paraphyly for both genera using molecular and morphological data. We have expanded the available DNA for molecular work for dozens of plagiogrammacean clones and analyzed 29 morphological characters from plagiogrammarian taxa and closely related genera, to increase understanding of the evolutionary history and systematics of the family and re-evaluate the current taxonomical classification of plagiogrammacean genera. The addition of more taxa and more data confirm the results from previous molecular phylogenies: most plagiogrammacean genera are monophyletic, except for Dimeregramma and Plagiogramma. Interestingly, the morphological analysis resolves only Talaroneis and Glyphodesmis as monophyletic. Given these results, we feel there is limited support for retaining Dimeregramma and Plagiogramma as distinct genera, and formally propose amending Plagiogramma and transferring six Dimeregramma species. As the Plagiogrammaceae is also one of the first-diverging clades of pennate diatoms, we also used these molecular data to estimate the age of the family, based on multiple calibration points derived from fossil taxa within or close to the Plagiogrammaceae. The results indicated that the Plagiogrammaceae evolved more than 114 million year ago and its diversification appears to correspond to a time of climate cooling. Additionally, we described a new monotypic genus (Coccinelloidea) with one new species C. gracilis, and five new species within established genera, e.g. Plagiogramma marginalis, Plagiogramma harenae, Plagiogramma porcipellis, Neofragilaria montgomeryii and Psammogramma anacarae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Li
- Institute of Ecological Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Matt P Ashworth
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th St. MS A6700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, PL-50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Dąbek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Górecka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Krzywda
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland.
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Błażej P, Wnetrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. Basic principles of the genetic code extension. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191384. [PMID: 32257313 PMCID: PMC7062095 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds including non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) or other artificially designed molecules can find a lot of applications in medicine, industry and biotechnology. They can be produced thanks to the modification or extension of the standard genetic code (SGC). Such peptides or proteins including the ncAAs can be constantly delivered in a stable way by organisms with the customized genetic code. Among several methods of engineering the code, using non-canonical base pairs is especially promising, because it enables generating many new codons, which can be used to encode any new amino acid. Since even one pair of new bases can extend the SGC up to 216 codons generated by a six-letter nucleotide alphabet, the extension of the SGC can be achieved in many ways. Here, we proposed a stepwise procedure of the SGC extension with one pair of non-canonical bases to minimize the consequences of point mutations. We reported relationships between codons in the framework of graph theory. All 216 codons were represented as nodes of the graph, whereas its edges were induced by all possible single nucleotide mutations occurring between codons. Therefore, every set of canonical and newly added codons induces a specific subgraph. We characterized the properties of the induced subgraphs generated by selected sets of codons. Thanks to that, we were able to describe a procedure for incremental addition of the set of meaningful codons up to the full coding system consisting of three pairs of bases. The procedure of gradual extension of the SGC makes the whole system robust to changing genetic information due to mutations and is compatible with the views assuming that codons and amino acids were added successively to the primordial SGC, which evolved minimizing harmful consequences of mutations or mistranslations of encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Błażej
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, Poland
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Mackiewicz P, Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz D. Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships within Passeriformes Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Inferring the Evolution of Their Mitogenomes in Terms of Duplications. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:2824-2849. [PMID: 31580435 PMCID: PMC6795242 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genes are placed on one molecule, which implies that they should carry consistent phylogenetic information. Following this advantage, we present a well-supported phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes from almost 300 representatives of Passeriformes, the most numerous and differentiated Aves order. The analyses resolved the phylogenetic position of paraphyletic Basal and Transitional Oscines. Passerida occurred divided into two groups, one containing Paroidea and Sylvioidea, whereas the other, Passeroidea and Muscicapoidea. Analyses of mitogenomes showed four types of rearrangements including a duplicated control region (CR) with adjacent genes. Mapping the presence and absence of duplications onto the phylogenetic tree revealed that the duplication was the ancestral state for passerines and was maintained in early diverged lineages. Next, the duplication could be lost and occurred independently at least four times according to the most parsimonious scenario. In some lineages, two CR copies have been inherited from an ancient duplication and highly diverged, whereas in others, the second copy became similar to the first one due to concerted evolution. The second CR copies accumulated over twice as many substitutions as the first ones. However, the second CRs were not completely eliminated and were retained for a long time, which suggests that both regions can fulfill an important role in mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on CR sequences subjected to the complex evolution can produce tree topologies inconsistent with real evolutionary relationships between species. Passerines with two CRs showed a higher metabolic rate in relation to their body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Poland
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Proćków M, Duda M, Kruckenhauser L, Maassen WJM, de Winter AJ, Mackiewicz P. Redescription of the western Balkan species Xerocampylaea waldemari and its phylogenetic relationships to other Urticicolini (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2019.1617365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, Wrocław, 50-335, Poland
| | - Michael Duda
- 3rd Zoological Department, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria
| | - Luise Kruckenhauser
- Central Research Laboratories, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria
| | - Wim J. M. Maassen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J. de Winter
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383, Poland
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BłaŻej P, Wnetrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. The influence of different types of translational inaccuracies on the genetic code structure. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:114. [PMID: 30841864 PMCID: PMC6404327 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard genetic code is a recipe for assigning unambiguously 21 labels, i.e. amino acids and stop translation signal, to 64 codons. However, at early stages of the translational machinery development, the codons did not have to be read unambiguously and the early genetic codes could have contained some ambiguous assignments of codons to amino acids. Therefore, the goal of this work was to obtain the genetic code structures which could have evolved assuming different types of inaccuracy of the translational machinery starting from unambiguous assignments of codons to amino acids. RESULTS We developed a theoretical model assuming that the level of uncertainty of codon assignments can gradually decrease during the simulations. Since it is postulated that the standard code has evolved to be robust against point mutations and mistranslations, we developed three simulation scenarios assuming that such errors can influence one, two or three codon positions. The simulated codes were selected using the evolutionary algorithm methodology to decrease coding ambiguity and increase their robustness against mistranslation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the typical codon block structure of the genetic code could have evolved to decrease the ambiguity of amino acid to codon assignments and to increase the fidelity of reading the genetic information. However, the robustness to errors was not the decisive factor that influenced the genetic code evolution because it is possible to find theoretical codes that minimize the reading errors better than the standard genetic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł BłaŻej
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383 Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnetrzak
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383 Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383 Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, Wrocław, 50-383 Poland
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Wnętrzak M, Błażej P, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. The optimality of the standard genetic code assessed by an eight-objective evolutionary algorithm. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:192. [PMID: 30545289 PMCID: PMC6293558 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard genetic code (SGC) is a unique set of rules which assign amino acids to codons. Similar amino acids tend to have similar codons indicating that the code evolved to minimize the costs of amino acid replacements in proteins, caused by mutations or translational errors. However, if such optimization in fact occurred, many different properties of amino acids must have been taken into account during the code evolution. Therefore, this problem can be reformulated as a multi-objective optimization task, in which the selection constraints are represented by measures based on various amino acid properties. RESULTS To study the optimality of the SGC we applied a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and we used the representatives of eight clusters, which grouped over 500 indices describing various physicochemical properties of amino acids. Thanks to that we avoided an arbitrary choice of amino acid features as optimization criteria. As a consequence, we were able to conduct a more general study on the properties of the SGC than the ones presented so far in other papers on this topic. We considered two models of the genetic code, one preserving the characteristic codon blocks structure of the SGC and the other without this restriction. The results revealed that the SGC could be significantly improved in terms of error minimization, hereby it is not fully optimized. Its structure differs significantly from the structure of the codes optimized to minimize the costs of amino acid replacements. On the other hand, using newly defined quality measures that placed the SGC in the global space of theoretical genetic codes, we showed that the SGC is definitely closer to the codes that minimize the costs of amino acids replacements than those maximizing them. CONCLUSIONS The standard genetic code represents most likely only partially optimized systems, which emerged under the influence of many different factors. Our findings can be useful to researchers involved in modifying the genetic code of the living organisms and designing artificial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wnętrzak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Silva T, Padrón RZ, Gallardo NF, Blanch J, Blanch B, Mackiewicz P. New Insight into Parrots' Mitogenomes Indicates That Their Ancestor Contained a Duplicated Region. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:2989-3009. [PMID: 30304531 PMCID: PMC6278868 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates are generally thought to evolve under strong selection for size reduction and gene order conservation. Therefore, a growing number of mitogenomes with duplicated regions changes our view on the genome evolution. Among Aves, order Psittaciformes (parrots) is especially noteworthy because of its large morphological, ecological, and taxonomical diversity, which offers an opportunity to study genome evolution in various aspects. Former analyses showed that tandem duplications comprising the control region with adjacent genes are restricted to several lineages in which the duplication occurred independently. However, using an appropriate polymerase chain reaction strategy, we demonstrate that early diverged parrot groups contain mitogenomes with the duplicated region. These findings together with mapping duplication data from other mitogenomes onto parrot phylogeny indicate that the duplication was an ancestral state for Psittaciformes. The state was inherited by main parrot groups and was lost several times in some lineages. The duplicated regions were subjected to concerted evolution with a frequency higher than the rate of speciation. The duplicated control regions may provide a selective advantage due to a more efficient initiation of replication or transcription and a larger number of replicating genomes per organelle, which may lead to a more effective energy production by mitochondria. The mitogenomic duplications were associated with phenotypic features and parrots with the duplicated region can live longer, show larger body mass as well as predispositions to a more active flight. The results have wider implications on the presence of duplications and their evolution in mitogenomes of other avian groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Julie Blanch
- Rosewood Bird Gardens & Breeding Farm, Rosewood, QLD, Australia
| | - Barry Blanch
- Rosewood Bird Gardens & Breeding Farm, Rosewood, QLD, Australia
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
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Burdukiewicz M, Sobczyk P, Chilimoniuk J, Gagat P, Mackiewicz P. Prediction of Signal Peptides in Proteins from Malaria Parasites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3709. [PMID: 30469512 PMCID: PMC6321056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal peptides are N-terminal presequences responsible for targeting proteins to the endomembrane system, and subsequent subcellular or extracellular compartments, and consequently condition their proper function. The significance of signal peptides stimulates development of new computational methods for their detection. These methods employ learning systems trained on datasets comprising signal peptides from different types of proteins and taxonomic groups. As a result, the accuracy of predictions are high in the case of signal peptides that are well-represented in databases, but might be low in other, atypical cases. Such atypical signal peptides are present in proteins found in apicomplexan parasites, causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis. Apicomplexan proteins have a unique amino acid composition due to their AT-biased genomes. Therefore, we designed a new, more flexible and universal probabilistic model for recognition of atypical eukaryotic signal peptides. Our approach called signalHsmm includes knowledge about the structure of signal peptides and physicochemical properties of amino acids. It is able to recognize signal peptides from the malaria parasites and related species more accurately than popular programs. Moreover, it is still universal enough to provide prediction of other signal peptides on par with the best preforming predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Burdukiewicz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Sobczyk
- Department of Mathematics, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Błażej P, Wnętrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. Correction: Optimization of the standard genetic code according to three codon positions using an evolutionary algorithm. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205450. [PMID: 30286199 PMCID: PMC6171936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Błażej P, Wnętrzak M, Mackiewicz D, Mackiewicz P. Optimization of the standard genetic code according to three codon positions using an evolutionary algorithm. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201715. [PMID: 30092017 PMCID: PMC6084934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biological systems are typically examined from the point of view of adaptation to certain conditions or requirements. One such system is the standard genetic code (SGC), which generally minimizes the cost of amino acid replacements resulting from mutations or mistranslations. However, no full consensus has been reached on the factors that caused the evolution of this feature. One of the hypotheses suggests that code optimality was directly selected as an advantage to preserve information about encoded proteins. An important feature that should be considered when studying the SGC is the different roles of the three codon positions. Therefore, we investigated the robustness of this code regarding the cost of amino acid replacements resulting from substitutions in these positions separately and the sum of these costs. We applied a modified evolutionary algorithm and included four models of the genetic code assuming various restrictions on its structure. The SGC was compared both with the codes that minimize the objective function and those that maximize it. This approach allowed us to place the SGC in the global space of possible codes, which is a more appropriate and unbiased comparison than that with randomly generated codes because they are characterized by relatively uniform amino acid assignments to codons. The SGC appeared to be well optimized at the global scale, but its individual positions were not fully optimized because there were codes that were optimized for only one codon position and simultaneously outperformed the SGC at the other positions. We also found that different code structures may lead to the same optimality and that random codes can show a tendency to minimize costs under some of the genetic code models. Our results suggest that the optimality of SGC could be a by-product of other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnętrzak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Proćków M, Proćków J, Błażej P, Mackiewicz P. The influence of habitat preferences on shell morphology in ecophenotypes of Trochulus hispidus complex. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:1036-1043. [PMID: 29554725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trochulus hispidus and T. sericeus are hairy snails widely distributed in Europe. They differ in shell morphology and are usually found in various land habitats. However, their morphology does not match genetic distance as they do not form distinct clades. Therefore, it is interesting to determine to what extent environmental factors can control their phenotypes. We analysed the morphological traits and many environmental features of their habitats to find relationships between these parameters and explain ecological reasons for this plasticity. We found many statistically significant correlations between morphological traits and environmental variables. Illumination, forestation, precipitation and temperature occurred the most important features discriminating habitats of these snails. It turned out that T. sericeus prefers forests and moist shaded places, while T. hispidus chooses more dry habitats and open areas exposed to the sun. T. sericeus is also probably more tolerant to low and variable temperatures. The hair durability is also correlated with their habitats: the shell of T. hispidus is mostly hairless but hairs almost always cover the shell of T. sericeus. These results support the hypothesis that the lack of hairs is associated with the loss of a potential adaptive function due to the change from wet to dry habitats. The hairs facilitate the adherence of snails to herbaceous plants during feeding when the humidity levels are high. The morphological divergence of T. hispidus and T. sericeus is the result of phenotypic plasticity and selection associated with the habitat, which affect both the shell shape and the hair durability. Since T. hispidus and T. sericeus do to not represent separate biological species and their variability has no genetic basis, they should be considered as ecophenotypes. This and our previous studies suggest that phenotypic plasticity in widely distributed Trochulus species is quite common and may have been of ancestral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Proćków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska 7a, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Michał B, Gagat P, Jabłoński S, Chilimoniuk J, Gaworski M, Mackiewicz P, Marcin Ł. PhyMet 2 : a database and toolkit for phylogenetic and metabolic analyses of methanogens. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:378-382. [PMID: 29624889 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast biodiversity of the microbial world and how little is known about it, has already been revealed by extensive metagenomics analyses. Our rudimentary knowledge of microbes stems from difficulties concerning their isolation and culture in laboratory conditions, which is necessary for describing their phenotype, among other things, for biotechnological purposes. An important component of the understudied ecosystems is methanogens, archaea producing a potent greenhouse-effect gas methane. Therefore, we created PhyMet2 , the first database that combines descriptions of methanogens and their culturing conditions with genetic information. The database contains a set of utilities that facilitate interactive data browsing, data comparison, phylogeny exploration and searching for sequence homologues. The most unique feature of the database is the web server MethanoGram, which can be used to significantly reduce the time and cost of searching for the optimal culturing conditions of methanogens by predicting them based on 16S RNA sequences. The database will aid many researchers in exploring the world of methanogens and their applications in biotechnological processes. PhyMet2 with the MethanoGram predictor is available at http://metanogen.biotech.uni.wroc.pl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burdukiewicz Michał
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jabłoński
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chilimoniuk
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Gaworski
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukaszewicz Marcin
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Augustyniak D, Seredyński R, McClean S, Roszkowiak J, Roszniowski B, Smith DL, Drulis-Kawa Z, Mackiewicz P. Virulence factors of Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles are major targets for cross-reactive antibodies and have adapted during evolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4955. [PMID: 29563531 PMCID: PMC5862889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a common human respiratory tract pathogen. Its virulence factors associated with whole bacteria or outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) aid infection, colonization and may induce specific antibodies. To investigate pathogen-host interactions, we applied integrated bioinformatic and immunoproteomic (2D-electrophoresis, immunoblotting, LC-MS/MS) approaches. We showed that OMV proteins engaged exclusively in complement evasion and colonization strategies, but not those involved in iron transport and metabolism, are major targets for cross-reacting antibodies produced against phylogenetically divergent M. catarrhalis strains. The analysis of 31 complete genomes of M. catarrhalis and other Moraxella revealed that OMV protein-coding genes belong to 64 orthologous groups, five of which are restricted to M. catarrhalis. This species showed a two-fold increase in the number of OMV protein-coding genes relative to its ancestors and animal-pathogenic Moraxella. The appearance of specific OMV factors and the increase in OMV-associated virulence proteins during M. catarrhalis evolution is an interesting example of pathogen adaptation to optimize colonization. This precisely targeted cross-reactive immunity against M. catarrhalis may be an important strategy of host defences to counteract this phenomenon. We demonstrate that cross-reactivity is closely associated with the anti-virulent antibody repertoire which we have linked with adaptation of this pathogen to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Seredyński
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physical Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD O'Brien Centre for Science West, B304, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justyna Roszkowiak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Roszniowski
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Darren L Smith
- Applied Sciences, University of Northumbria, Ellison Building EBD222, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Pro Ków M, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Mackiewicz P. Phenotypic plasticity can explain evolution of sympatric polymorphism in the hairy snail Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758). Curr Zool 2018; 63:389-402. [PMID: 29491999 PMCID: PMC5804198 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological variation of snails from the genus Trochulus is so huge that their taxonomy is unclear. The greatest variability concerns forms hispidus and sericeus/plebeius, which are often considered as separate species. To evidence the species barriers, we carried out crossbreeding experiments between these two sympatric morphs. Moreover, we compared the shell morphology of laboratory-bred offspring with their wild parents to test if the variation can be explained by the phenotypic plasticity model. We found that the two Trochulus morphs show no reproductive barriers. The fecundity rates, the mean clutch size, and F1 viability observed for all crosses were not significantly different. In hybrid crosses (in F2 generation), we also recorded reproduction compatibility, similar fecundity, and hatching success as in their parents. Accordingly, phylogenetic analyses revealed the significant grouping of sequences from these different morphs and supported no constrains in reproduction between them. Comparison of shell morphology between wild and laboratory samples showed that various characters appeared highly plastic. The average shell shape of the hispidus morph changed significantly from flat with wide umbilicus to elevated with narrower umbilicus such as in the sericeus/plebeius morph. All these findings indicate that the examined morphs do not represent separate biological species and the evolutionary process is not advanced enough to separate their genetic pool. Therefore, phenotypic plasticity has played a significant role in the evolution of Trochulus shell polymorphism. The two morphs can evolve independently in separate phylogenetic lineages under the influence of local environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pro Ków
- Museum of Natural History, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz P. The complete mitochondrial genome of red-fronted parrot ( Poicephalus gulielmi) revealed a new gene rearrangement within the order Psittaciformes. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:833-835. [PMID: 33474002 PMCID: PMC7800468 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1407691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate mitogenomes are thought to be selected for compactness. Therefore, the increasing number of avian mitogenomes comprising duplicated regions is surprising. Such regions were proposed for at least 26 parrot genera based on the length of PCR products. However, complete mitogenomes with the duplications were shown only for six genera. These duplications evolved probably from the ancestral tRNATHR/tRNAPRO/ND6/tRNAGLU/CR and were subjected to subsequent degeneration. Here, we report the mitogenome of Poicephalus gulielmi (the subfamily Psittacinae) with a unique duplication tRNATHR/pseudoND6/CR1/tRNAPRO/ND6/tRNAGLU/CR2. This region is different from all other identified regions and resembles mostly the arrangements in Amazona and Pionus from the subfamily Arinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
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Doan K, Mackiewicz P, Sandoval-Castellanos E, Stefaniak K, Ridush B, Dalén L, Węgleński P, Stankovic A. The history of Crimean red deer population and Cervus phylogeography in Eurasia. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Doan
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edson Sandoval-Castellanos
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ridush
- Department of Physical Geography, Geomorphology and Paleogeography, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsubynskogo, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Love Dalén
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Węgleński
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Stankovic
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego, Warsaw, Poland
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Doan K, Mackiewicz P, Sandoval-Castellanos E, Stefaniak K, Ridush B, Dalén L, Węgleński P, Stankovic A. The history of Crimean red deer population and Cervus phylogeography in Eurasia. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Doan
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edson Sandoval-Castellanos
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof Stefaniak
- Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bogdan Ridush
- Department of Physical Geography, Geomorphology and Paleogeography, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Kotsubynskogo, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Love Dalén
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Węgleński
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Stankovic
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego, Warsaw, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz P. Complete mitochondrial genome of bronze-winged parrot ( Pionus chalcopterus chalcopterus, Psittaciformes). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:744-746. [PMID: 33473967 PMCID: PMC7800548 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1390404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-sized neotropical parrots from Pionus genus are represented by at least eight species. However, their taxonomy should be revised because some external morphological characters together with genetic data recognize 19 taxa. At present, only two mitochondrial markers are available for most of these taxa and obtained phylogenies are not well resolved. Therefore, we sequenced Pionus chalcopterus chalcopterus mitogenome to gain more molecular data required for future studies of the taxonomical status and phylogenetic relationships between Pionus taxa. Performed phylogenetic analyses showed seven monophyletic clades including at least two sequences assigned to one species. However, not all subspecies sequences were monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
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Burdukiewicz M, Sobczyk P, Rödiger S, Duda-Madej A, Mackiewicz P, Kotulska M. Amyloidogenic motifs revealed by n-gram analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12961. [PMID: 29021608 PMCID: PMC5636826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are proteins associated with several clinical disorders, including Alzheimer's, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob's. Despite their diversity, all amyloid proteins can undergo aggregation initiated by short segments called hot spots. To find the patterns defining the hot spots, we trained predictors of amyloidogenicity, using n-grams and random forest classifiers. Since the amyloidogenicity may not depend on the exact sequence of amino acids but on their more general properties, we tested 524,284 reduced amino acid alphabets of different lengths (three to six letters) to find the alphabet providing the best performance in cross-validation. The predictor based on this alphabet, called AmyloGram, was benchmarked against the most popular tools for the detection of amyloid peptides using an external data set and obtained the highest values of performance measures (AUC: 0.90, MCC: 0.63). Our results showed sequential patterns in the amyloids which are strongly correlated with hydrophobicity, a tendency to form β-sheets, and lower flexibility of amino acid residues. Among the most informative n-grams of AmyloGram we identified 15 that were previously confirmed experimentally. AmyloGram is available as the web-server: http://smorfland.uni.wroc.pl/shiny/AmyloGram/ and as the R package AmyloGram. R scripts and data used to produce the results of this manuscript are available at http://github.com/michbur/AmyloGramAnalysis .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Sobczyk
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Kotulska
- Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
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Silva T, Guzmán A, Urantówka AD, Mackiewicz P. Correction: A new parrot taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico-its position within genus Amazona based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. PeerJ 2017; 5:3475/correction-1. [PMID: 28904832 PMCID: PMC5595419 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3475/correction-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adam D Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Urantowka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz P. The influence of molecular markers and methods on inferring the phylogenetic relationships between the representatives of the Arini (parrots, Psittaciformes), determined on the basis of their complete mitochondrial genomes. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:166. [PMID: 28705202 PMCID: PMC5513162 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conures are a morphologically diverse group of Neotropical parrots classified as members of the tribe Arini, which has recently been subjected to a taxonomic revision. The previously broadly defined Aratinga genus of this tribe has been split into the 'true' Aratinga and three additional genera, Eupsittula, Psittacara and Thectocercus. Popular markers used in the reconstruction of the parrots' phylogenies derive from mitochondrial DNA. However, current phylogenetic analyses seem to indicate conflicting relationships between Aratinga and other conures, and also among other Arini members. Therefore, it is not clear if the mtDNA phylogenies can reliably define the species tree. The inconsistencies may result from the variable evolution rate of the markers used or their weak phylogenetic signal. To resolve these controversies and to assess to what extent the phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Arini can be inferred from mitochondrial genomes, we compared representative Arini mitogenomes as well as examined the usefulness of the individual mitochondrial markers and the efficiency of various phylogenetic methods. RESULTS Single molecular markers produced inconsistent tree topologies, while different methods offered various topologies even for the same marker. A significant disagreement in these tree topologies occurred for cytb, nd2 and nd6 genes, which are commonly used in parrot phylogenies. The strongest phylogenetic signal was found in the control region and RNA genes. However, these markers cannot be used alone in inferring Arini phylogenies because they do not provide fully resolved trees. The most reliable phylogeny of the parrots under study is obtained only on the concatenated set of all mitochondrial markers. The analyses established significantly resolved relationships within the former Aratinga representatives and the main genera of the tribe Arini. Such mtDNA phylogeny can be in agreement with the species tree, owing to its match with synapomorphic features in plumage colouration. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic relationships inferred from single mitochondrial markers can be incorrect and contradictory. Therefore, such phylogenies should be considered with caution. Reliable results can be produced by concatenated sets of all or at least the majority of mitochondrial genes and the control region. The results advance a new view on the relationships among the main genera of Arini and resolve the inconsistencies between the taxa that were previously classified as the broadly defined genus Aratinga. Although gene and species trees do not always have to be consistent, the mtDNA phylogenies for Arini can reflect the species tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantowka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kożuchowska7, 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Silva T, Guzmán A, Urantówka AD, Mackiewicz P. A new parrot taxon from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico-its position within genus Amazona based on morphology and molecular phylogeny. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3475. [PMID: 28674651 PMCID: PMC5490482 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parrots (Psittaciformes) are a diverse group of birds which need urgent protection. However, many taxa from this order have an unresolved status, which makes their conservation difficult. One species-rich parrot genus is Amazona, which is widely distributed in the New World. Here we describe a new Amazona form, which is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. This parrot is clearly separable from other Amazona species in eleven morphometric characters as well as call and behavior. The clear differences in these features imply that the parrot most likely represents a new species. In contrast to this, the phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial markers shows that this parrot groups with strong support within A. albifrons from Central America, which would suggest that it is a subspecies of A. albifrons. However, taken together tree topology tests and morphometric analyses, we can conclude that the new parrot represents a recently evolving species, whose taxonomic status should be further confirmed. This lineage diverged from its closest relative about 120,000 years ago and was subjected to accelerated morphological and behavioral changes like some other representatives of the genus Amazona. Our phylogenies, which are so far the most comprehensive for Amazona taxa enabled us to consider the most feasible scenarios about parrot colonization of the Greater and Lesser Antilles and Central America from South America mainland. The molecular dating of these migrations and diversification rate were correlated with climatic and geological events in the last five million years, giving an interesting insight into Amazon parrot phylogeography and their evolution in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Silva
- IFAS/TREC Advisory Committee, University of Florida, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Antonio Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adam D Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Błażej P, Mackiewicz D, Grabińska M, Wnętrzak M, Mackiewicz P. Optimization of amino acid replacement costs by mutational pressure in bacterial genomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1061. [PMID: 28432324 PMCID: PMC5430830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations are considered a spontaneous and random process, which is important component of evolution because it generates genetic variation. On the other hand, mutations are deleterious leading to non-functional genes and energetically costly repairs. Therefore, one can expect that the mutational pressure is optimized to simultaneously generate genetic diversity and preserve genetic information. To check if empirical mutational pressures are optimized in these ways, we compared matrices of nucleotide mutation rates derived from bacterial genomes with their best possible alternatives that minimized or maximized costs of amino acid replacements associated with differences in their physicochemical properties (e.g. hydropathy and polarity). It should be noted that the studied empirical nucleotide substitution matrices and the costs of amino acid replacements are independent because these matrices were derived from sites free of selection on amino acid properties and the amino acid costs assumed only amino acid physicochemical properties without any information about mutation at the nucleotide level. Obtained results indicate that the empirical mutational matrices show a tendency to minimize costs of amino acid replacements. It implies that bacterial mutational pressures can evolve to decrease consequences of amino acid substitutions. However, the optimization is not full, which enables generation of some genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grabińska
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnętrzak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Błażej P, Wnętrzak M, Grabińska M, Mackiewicz P. Representations of Search Spaces in the Problem of Mutational Pressure Optimization According to Protein-Coding Sequences. J Comput Biol 2017; 24:1089-1098. [PMID: 28414521 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2017.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper representation of the search space is the fundamental step in every optimization task, because it has a decisive impact on the quality of potential solutions. In particular, this problem appears when the search spaces are nonstandard and complex, with the large number of candidate solutions that differ from classical forms usually investigated. One of such spaces is the set of continuous-time, homogenous, and stationary Markov processes. They are commonly used to describe biological phenomena, for example, mutations in DNA sequences and their evolution. Because of the complexity of these processes, the representation of their search space is not an easy task but it is important for effective solving of the biological problems. One of them is optimality of mutational pressure acting on protein-coding sequences. Therefore, we described three representations of the search spaces and proposed several specific evolutionary operators that are used in evolutionary-based optimization algorithms to solve the biological problem of mutational pressure optimality. In addition, we gave a general formula for the fitness function, which can be used to measure the quality of potential solutions. The structures of these solutions are based on two models of DNA evolution described by substitution-rate matrices, which are commonly used in phylogenetic analyzes. The proposed representations have been successfully utilized in various issues, and the obtained results are very interesting from a biological point of view. For example, they show that mutational pressures are, to some extent, optimized to minimize cost of amino acid substitutions in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Błażej
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wnętrzak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grabińska
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław , Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
After the establishment of an endosymbiotic relationship between a proto-mitochondrion and its probable archaeal host, mitochondrial genomes underwent a spectacular reductive evolution. An interesting pathway was chosen by mitogenomes of unicellular protists called dinoflagellates, which experienced an additional wave of reduction followed by amplification and rearrangement leading to their secondary complexity. The former resulted in a mitogenome consisting of only three protein-coding genes, the latter in their multiple copies being scattered across numerous chromosomes and the evolution of complex processes for their expression. These stunning features raise a question about the future of the dinoflagellate mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Gagat
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Sztafrowski D, Aksamit-Stachurska A, Kostyn K, Mackiewicz P, Łukaszewicz M. Electromagnetic Field Seems to Not Influence Transcription via CTCT Motif in Three Plant Promoters. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28326086 PMCID: PMC5339303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It was proposed that magnetic fields (MFs) can influence gene transcription via CTCT motif located in human HSP70 promoter. To check the universality of this mechanism, we estimated the potential role of this motif on plant gene transcription in response to MFs using both bioinformatics and experimental studies. We searched potential promoter sequences (1000 bp upstream) in the potato Solanum tuberosum and thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana genomes for the CTCT sequence. The motif was found, on average, 3.6 and 4.3 times per promoter (148,487 and 134,361 motifs in total) in these two species, respectively; however, the CTCT sequences were not randomly distributed in the promoter regions but were preferentially located near the transcription initiation site and were closely packed. The closer these CTCT sequences to the transcription initiation site, the smaller distance between them in both plants. One can assume that genes with many CTCT motifs in their promoter regions can be potentially regulated by MFs. To check this assumption, we tested the influence of MFs on gene expression in a transgenic potato with three promoters (16R, 20R, and 5UGT) containing from 3 to 12 CTCT sequences and starting expression of β-glucuronidase as a reported gene. The potatoes were exposed to a 50 Hz 60-70 A/m MF for 30 min and the reporter gene activity was measured for up to 24 h. Although other factors induced the reporter gene activity, the MF did not. It implies the CTCT motif does not mediate in response to MF in the tested plant promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Sztafrowski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocław, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
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Proćków M, Strzała T, Kuźnik-Kowalska E, Proćków J, Mackiewicz P. Ongoing Speciation and Gene Flow between Taxonomically Challenging Trochulus Species Complex (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170460. [PMID: 28107432 PMCID: PMC5249238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical isolation, selection and genetic drift can cause the geographical diversification of populations and lead to speciation. Land snail species in the genus Trochulus show overlaps in geographical ranges as well as in morphology, but genetic data do not always support the species-level taxonomy based on morphological characters. Such a group offers an excellent opportunity to explore the processes involved. We have addressed the problem by determining the status of the restricted endemic T. graminicola within the larger context of Trochulus taxonomy. We used an integrated approach based on morphological features, ecological preferences and two molecular markers: mitochondrial COI sequences and microsatellites. Comparison of these results demonstrated: (i) conchological distinction of T. striolatus and T. sericeus; (ii) anatomical, ecological and genetic differentiation of T. graminicola and (iii) concordance between morphological characters and mtDNA markers in T. striolatus. Moreover, our data showed an intricate evolutionary history within the genus Trochulus, which can be best explained by: (i) recent or ongoing gene flow between taxa or (ii) their large ancestral polymorphism. Both of these hypotheses suggest that diversification within this group of snails has occurred relatively recently. The mismatches between species defined on morphology and on molecular genetics indicate the complexity of the processes involved in the diversification of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Strzała T, Mackiewicz P. Complete mitochondrial genome of golden conure ( Guaruba guarouba). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:33-34. [PMID: 33473707 PMCID: PMC7800242 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1247670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arini tribe with 19 genera is the most diversified tribe of neotropical parrots. Six of them are classified as macaws and nine as conures. The presence of bare facial area distinguishes macaws from conures and other members of this tribe. However, such morphological division seems to be disputable as the smallest macaw (monotypic Diopsittaca genus) turned out to be more closely related to three monotypic conures genera (Guaruba, Leptosittaca, Thectocercus) than to other macaws. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Guaruba guarouba to enrich the resource of molecular markers for examination of phylogenetic relationships between macaws and conures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Strzała
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Kroczak A, Mackiewicz P. Complete mitochondrial genome of chestnut-fronted macaw ( Ara severus, Psittaciformes). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:35-36. [PMID: 33490435 PMCID: PMC7800336 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1250131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six genera from Arini tribe form a morphologically diverse group named macaws, which differ from other Arini in the presence of bare facial area. Macaws are further distinguished by the bare face pattern, plumage colouration and body size. Six of the eight macaw species from Ara genus can be easily segregated into three pairs according to their colouration. An exception is Ara severus, which differs from others in their size and morphology. The lack of appropriate molecular markers precludes determination of its phylogenetic position. Therefore, the mitogenome of Ara severus presented in this report will be indispensable to refine these phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kroczak
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, Wrocław, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Mackiewicz P. Complete mitochondrial genome of white-eyed parakeet ( Psittacara leucophthalmus): the basal species to other Psittacara. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:895-897. [PMID: 33490424 PMCID: PMC7800280 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1258344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently resurrected Psittacara genus is one of the 19 recognized in parrot tribe Arini. The status of taxa within Psittacara remains controversial because some forms are treated as species or subspecies depending on authorities. Evolutionary history of Psittacara is also unclear because related phylogenetic clades contain taxa from distant and non-overlapping regions. However, the basal placement of Psittacara leucophthalmus with wide South American distribution suggests that other taxa with restricted range could emerge by a local split of larger population. We sequenced P. leucophthalmus mitogenome to increase the set of sequences required to determine taxonomic level and phylogeny of Psittacara taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Urantówka AD, Mackiewicz P. The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from the blue-headed parrot ( Pionus menstruus menstruus): a representative for the genus. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:891-892. [PMID: 33473668 PMCID: PMC7800462 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1258341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Androglossini is one of four tribes recognized within a neotropical parrot subfamily Arinae. The tribe includes 10 genera of which Pionus is represented by eight species. However, its evolutionary diversification and relationship with other Androglossini members are still unclear. Depending on studied molecular markers, Pionus is closely related with Amazona genus or two monotypic genera Alipiopsitta and Graydidascalus or the clade in which Amazona genus is sister to Alipiopsitta and Graydidascalus. Therefore, we sequenced Pionus menstruus menstruus mitogenome to gain molecular data appropriate for future studies to resolve these discrepancies obtained in various phylogenetic analyses published so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dawid Urantówka
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Department of Genomics Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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