1
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Cab-Sulub L, Álvarez-Castañeda ST. Climatic dissimilarity associated with phylogenetic breaks. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Shared phylogenetic breaks often are associated with clear geographic barriers but some common phylogeographic breaks may lack obvious underlying mechanisms. A phylogenetic break involving multiple taxa was found in the Baja California Peninsula that was associated with a past sea barrier. However, geological evidence is lacking for this barrier’s past existence, and despite its current absence, the genetic breaks have persisted. This work explores the relationships between the current climatic niches for matrilineages of 11 vertebrate species as a possible explanation for the current geographic partitioning of matrilineages. We evaluated the climatic occupancy of each matrilineage through ecological niche models, background similarity, niche overlap, niche divergence, and Mantel tests. We found disparities in the climatic occupancy between north and south matrilineage of each taxon. Northern matrilineages are associated with lower temperatures and winter rains, while southern matrilineages reside in areas with higher temperatures and summer rains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Cab-Sulub
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, C.P. 23205, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
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2
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Milano ER, Mulligan MR, Rebman JP, Vandergast AG. High-throughput sequencing reveals distinct regional genetic structure among remaining populations of an endangered salt marsh plant in California. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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O'Connell KA, Streicher JW, Smith EN, Fujita MK. Geographical features are the predominant driver of molecular diversification in widely distributed North American whipsnakes. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5729-5751. [PMID: 28802078 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Allopatric divergence following the formation of geographical features has been implicated as a major driver of evolutionary diversification. Widespread species complexes provide opportunities to examine allopatric divergence across varying degrees of isolation in both time and space. In North America, several geographical features may play such a role in diversification, including the Mississippi River, Pecos River, Rocky Mountains, Cochise Filter Barrier, Gulf of California and Isthmus of Tehuantepec. We used thousands of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA from several species of whipsnakes (genera Masticophis and Coluber) distributed across North and Central America to investigate the role that these geographical features have played on lineage divergence. We hypothesize that these features restrict gene flow and separate whipsnakes into diagnosable genomic clusters. We performed genomic clustering and phylogenetic reconstructions at the species and population levels using Bayesian and likelihood analyses and quantified migration levels across geographical features to assess the degree of genetic isolation due to allopatry. Our analyses suggest that (i) major genetic divisions are often consistent with isolation by geographical features, (ii) migration rates between clusters are asymmetrical across major geographical features, and (iii) areas that receive proportionally more migrants possess higher levels of genetic diversity. Collectively, our findings suggest that multiple features of the North American landscape contributed to allopatric divergence in this widely distributed snake group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A O'Connell
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Eric N Smith
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.,The Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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4
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Matrosova VA, Rusin MY, Volodina EV, Proyavka SV, Savinetskaya LE, Shekarova ON, Rashevska HV, Volodin IA. Genetic and alarm call diversity across scattered populations of speckled ground squirrels (Spermophilus suslicus). Mamm Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Álvarez-Castañeda ST, Murphy RW. The endemic insular and peninsular species Chaetodipus spinatus (Mammalia, Heteromyidae) breaks patterns for Baja California. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116146. [PMID: 25542029 PMCID: PMC4277467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baja California peninsula is the second longest, most geographically isolated peninsula on Earth. Its physiography and the presence of many surrounding islands has facilitated studies of the underlying patterns and drivers of genetic structuring for a wide spectrum of organisms. Chaetodipus spinatus is endemic to the region and occurs on 12 associated islands, including 10 in the Gulf of California and two in the Pacific Ocean. This distribution makes it a model species for evaluating natural historical barriers. We test hypotheses associated with the relationship between the range of the species, patterns in other species, and its relationship to Pleistocene-Holocene climatic changes. We analyzed sequence data from mtDNA genes encoding cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunits I (COI) and III (COIII) in 26 populations including all 12 islands. The matrilineal genealogy, statistical parsimony network and Bayesian skyline plot indicated an origin of C. spinatus in the southern part of the peninsula. Our analyses detected several differences from the common pattern of peninsular animals: no mid-peninsula break exists, Isla Carmen hosts the most divergent population, the population on an ancient southern Midriff island does not differ from peninsular populations, and a mtDNA peninsular discordance occurs near Loreto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
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6
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Gottscho AD. Zoogeography of the San Andreas Fault system: Great Pacific Fracture Zones correspond with spatially concordant phylogeographic boundaries in western North America. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 91:235-54. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Gottscho
- Department of Biology; San Diego State University; 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182 U.S.A
- Department of Biology; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 U.S.A
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7
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Riddle BR, Jezkova T, Hornsby AD, Matocq MD. Assembling the modern Great Basin mammal biota: insights from molecular biogeography and the fossil record. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/14-mamm-s-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Trujano-Alvarez AL, Álvarez-Castañeda ST. Phylogenetic structure among pocket gopher populations, genusThomomys(Rodentia: Geomyidae), on the Baja California Peninsula. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste; Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz; Baja California Sur; 23090; México
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9
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Garrick RC, Nason JD, Fernández-Manjarrés JF, Dyer RJ. Ecological coassociations influence species' responses to past climatic change: an example from a Sonoran Desert bark beetle. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:3345-61. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Garrick
- Department of Biology; University of Mississippi; Oxford; MS; 38677; USA
| | - John D. Nason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology; Iowa State University; Ames; IA; 50011; USA
| | - Juan F. Fernández-Manjarrés
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution; UMR CNRS 8079; Bât 360; Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405; Orsay Cedex; France
| | - Rodney J. Dyer
- Department of Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond; VA; 23284; USA
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10
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Phylogeographic diversification of antelope squirrels (Ammospermophilus) across North American deserts. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Wang BJ, Tian YJ, Meng ZJ, Jiang M, Wei BQ, Tao YQ, Fan W, Li AY, Bao JJ, Li XY, Zhang ZM, Wang ZD, Wang H, Roggendorf M, Lu MJ, Yang DL. Establishing a new animal model for hepadnaviral infection: susceptibility of Chinese Marmota-species to woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. J Gen Virol 2010; 92:681-91. [PMID: 21084496 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.025023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a major medical problem in China. The lack of a suitable infection model in China is recognized as an obstacle for research on HBV in China. Chinese Marmota-species is phylogenetically closely related to Marmota monax, thus, it might be suitable to serve as an animal model for HBV infection. Therefore, we attempted to prove the claim about the existence of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-like viruses in Chinese Marmota-species and to determine the susceptibility of these species to experimental WHV infection. In the present study, 653 sera from three Chinese Marmota-species, Marmota himalayana, Marmota baibacina and Marmota bobak, were screened for WHV-like viruses by serological and molecular assays. The susceptibility to WHV of three species was investigated by experimental infection and monitored by testing of anti-WHc and WHsAg by ELISA, detection of WHV DNA by PCR, and detection of WHV replication intermediates and antigens in liver samples. No evidence for the existence of a genetically closely related virus to WHV in three Chinese Marmota-species was found by serological assays and PCR. M. himalayana was susceptible to WHV infection as inoculated animals became positive for anti-WHc, WHsAg and WHV DNA. Further, WHV replication intermediates and proteins were detected in liver samples. In contrast, M. baibacina remained negative for tested virological parameters. M. bobak species showed a limited susceptibility to WHV. Our data do not support early reports about WHV-like viruses in China. M. himalayana is suitable for the establishment of a model for hepadnaviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ju Wang
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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12
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Clucas B, Ord TJ, Owings DH. Fossils and phylogeny uncover the evolutionary history of a unique antipredator behaviour. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:2197-2211. [PMID: 20840310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two squirrel species (Spermophilus spp.) were discovered to anoint their bodies with rattlesnake scent as a means of concealing their odour from these chemosensory predators. In this study, we tested multiple species with predator scents (rattlesnake and weasel) to determine the prevalence of scent application across the squirrel phylogeny. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the behaviour using a phylogenetic analysis and fossil records of historic predator co-occurrence. Squirrels with historical and current rattlesnake co-occurrence all applied rattlesnake scent, whereas no relationship existed between weasel scent application and either weasel or rattlesnake co-occurrence. This was surprising because experimental tests confirmed rattlesnake and weasel scent were both effective at masking prey odour from hunting rattlesnakes (the primary predator of squirrels). Ancestral reconstructions and fossil data suggest predator scent application in squirrels is ancient in origin, arising before co-occurrences with rattlesnakes or weasels in response to some other, now extinct, chemosensory predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clucas
- College of The Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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13
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Rios E, Álvarez-Castañeda ST. Phylogeography and systematics of the San Diego pocket mouse (Chaetodipus fallax). J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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LINDELL JOHAN, MÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ FAUSTOR, MURPHY ROBERTW. Deep biogeographical history and cytonuclear discordance in the black-tailed brush lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus) of Baja California. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Van Tuinen M, O'Keefe K, Ramakrishnan U, Hadly EA. Fire and ice: genetic structure of the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus) across the Yellowstone hotspot. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1776-88. [PMID: 18284571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The range of the Uinta ground squirrel, Spermophilus armatus, is centred over one of the most tectonically active regions today, the Yellowstone hotspot. We document the role of Quaternary tectonic and climatic history on the genetic structure of this species by screening museum and extant individuals throughout its range. Phylogeographic, divergence time, and demographic analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region DNA sequences yield insight into the cadence of evolution across three spatiotemporal scales: (i) a relatively deep intraspecific divergence of S. armatus into three lineages coincident with the last major volcanic eruption in the region and maintained by the Snake River Plain; (ii) demographic expansion in two lineages corresponding to the time of last deglaciation of the region; and (iii) a recent (< 50 years) local extinction of the third lineage coincident with climatic change and conversion of habitat for agricultural purposes in eastern Idaho. Beyond these inferences, our study highlights the unique value of museum material to phylogeography, and shows that small mammal recolonization of previously glaciated montane 'islands' differs from northward postglacial expansion observed in areas previously covered by continental ice sheets. Montane 'islands' may harbour high genetic diversity because of admixture and recurrent expansion/extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Van Tuinen
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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16
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Leaché AD, Crews SC, Hickerson MJ. Two waves of diversification in mammals and reptiles of Baja California revealed by hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Biol Lett 2008; 3:646-50. [PMID: 17698443 PMCID: PMC2391217 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species inhabiting the Peninsular Desert of Baja California demonstrate a phylogeographic break at the mid-peninsula, and previous researchers have attributed this shared pattern to a single vicariant event, a mid-peninsular seaway. However, previous studies have not explicitly considered the inherent stochasticity associated with the gene-tree coalescence for species preceding the time of the putative mid-peninsular divergence. We use a Bayesian analysis of a hierarchical model to test for simultaneous vicariance across co-distributed sister lineages sharing a genealogical break at the mid-peninsula. This Bayesian method is advantageous over traditional phylogenetic interpretations of biogeography because it considers the genetic variance associated with the coalescent and mutational processes, as well as the among-lineage demographic differences that affect gene-tree coalescent patterns. Mitochondrial DNA data from six small mammals and six squamate reptiles do not support the perception of a shared vicariant history among lineages exhibiting a north-south divergence at the mid-peninsula, and instead support two events differentially structuring genetic diversity in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Leaché
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA.
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17
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Whorley JR, Kenagy GJ. Variation in Reproductive Patterns of Antelope Ground Squirrels, Ammospermophilus leucurus, from Oregon to Baja California. J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/06-mamm-a-382r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Álvarez-Castañeda ST. Systematics of the Antelope Ground Squirrel (Ammospermophilus) from Islands Adjacent to the Baja California Peninsula. J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/06-mamm-a-065r3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Mora MS, Lessa EP, Cutrera AP, Kittlein MJ, Vassallo AI. Phylogeographical structure in the subterranean tuco-tuco Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae): contrasting the demographic consequences of regional and habitat-specific histories. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:3453-65. [PMID: 17688545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work we examined the phylogeography of the South American subterranean herbivorous rodent Ctenomys talarum (Talas tuco-tuco) using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (D-loop) sequences, and we assessed the geographical genetic structure of this species in comparison with that of subterranean Ctenomys australis, which we have shown previously to be parapatric to C. talarum and to also live in a coastal sand dune habitat. A significant apportionment of the genetic variance among regional groups indicated that putative geographical barriers, such as rivers, substantially affected the pattern of genetic structure in C. talarum. Furthermore, genetic differentiation is consistent with a simple model of isolation by distance, possibly evidencing equilibrium between gene flow and local genetic drift. In contrast, C. australis showed limited hierarchical partitioning of genetic variation and departed from an isolation-by-distance pattern. Mismatch distributions and tests of neutrality suggest contrasting histories of these two species: C. talarum appears to be characterized by demographic stability and no significant departures from neutrality, whereas C. australis has undergone a recent demographic expansion and/or departures from strict neutrality in its mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías S Mora
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. CC1 245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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20
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Devitt TJ. Phylogeography of the Western Lyresnake (Trimorphodon biscutatus): testing aridland biogeographical hypotheses across the Nearctic-Neotropical transition. Mol Ecol 2007; 15:4387-407. [PMID: 17107472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Western Lyresnake (Trimorphodon biscutatus) is a widespread, polytypic taxon inhabiting arid regions from the warm deserts of the southwestern United States southward along the Pacific versant of Mexico to the tropical deciduous forests of Mesoamerica. This broadly distributed species provides a unique opportunity to evaluate a priori biogeographical hypotheses spanning two major distinct biogeographical realms (the Nearctic and Neotropical) that are usually treated separately in phylogeographical analyses. I investigated the phylogeography of T. biscutatus using maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from across this species' range. Phylogenetic analyses recovered five well-supported clades whose boundaries are concordant with existing geographical barriers, a pattern consistent with a model of vicariant allopatric divergence. Assuming a vicariance model, divergence times between mitochondrial lineages were estimated using Bayesian relaxed molecular clock methods calibrated using geological information from putative vicariant events. Divergence time point estimates were bounded by broad confidence intervals, and thus these highly conservative estimates should be considered tentative hypotheses at best. Comparison of mtDNA lineages and taxa traditionally recognized as subspecies based on morphology suggest this taxon is comprised of multiple independent lineages at various stages of divergence, ranging from putative secondary contact and hybridization to sympatry of 'subspecies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Devitt
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, 119 Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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21
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Pauls SU, Lumbsch HT, Haase P. Phylogeography of the montane caddisflyDrusus discolor: evidence for multiple refugia and periglacial survival. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:2153-69. [PMID: 16780432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the genetic population structure and phylogeography of the montane caddisfly Drusus discolor across its entire range in central and southern Europe. The species is restricted to mountain regions and exhibits an insular distribution across the major mountain ranges. Mitochondrial sequence data (COI) of 254 individuals from the entire species range is analysed to reveal population genetic structure. The data show little molecular variation within populations and regions, but distinct genetic differentiation between mountain ranges. Most populations are significantly differentiated based on F(ST) and exact tests of population differentiation and most haplotypes are unique to a single mountain range. Phylogenetic analyses reveal deep divergence between geographically isolated lineages. Combined, these results suggest that past fragmentation is the prominent process structuring the populations across Europe. We use tests of selective neutrality and mismatch distributions, to study the demographic population history of regions with haplotype overlap. The high level of genetic differentiation between mountain ranges and estimates of demographic history provide evidence for the existence of multiple glacial refugia, including several in central Europe. The study shows that these aquatic organisms reacted differently to Pleistocene cooling than many terrestrial species. They persisted in numerous refugia over multiple glacial cycles, allowing many local endemic clades to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg -- Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Limnology and Conservation Research, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany.
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22
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Pramual P, Kuvangkadilok C, Baimai V, Walton C. Phylogeography of the black fly Simulium tani (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand as inferred from mtDNA sequences. Mol Ecol 2006; 14:3989-4001. [PMID: 16262854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific phylogeography has been used widely as a tool to infer population history. However, little attention has been paid to Southeast Asia despite its importance in terms of biodiversity. Here we used the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for a phylogeographic study of 147 individuals of the black fly Simulium tani from Thailand. The mtDNA revealed high genetic differentiation between the major geographical regions of north, east and central/south Thailand. Mismatch distributions indicate population expansions during the mid-Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene suggesting that current population structure and diversity may be due in part to the species' response to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. The genealogical structure of the haplotypes, high northern diversity and maximum-likelihood inference of historical migration rates, suggest that the eastern and central/southern populations originated from northern populations in the mid-Pleistocene. Subsequently, the eastern region had had a largely independent history but the central/southern population may be largely the result of recent (c. 100,000 years ago) expansion, either from the north again, or from a relictual population in the central region. Cytological investigation revealed that populations from the south and east have two overlapping fixed chromosomal inversions. Since these populations also share ecological characteristics it suggests that inversions are involved in ecological adaptation. In conclusion both contemporary and historical ecological conditions are playing an important role in determining population genetic structure and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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23
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Crews SC, Hedin M. Studies of morphological and molecular phylogenetic divergence in spiders (Araneae: Homalonychus) from the American southwest, including divergence along the Baja California Peninsula. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 38:470-87. [PMID: 16376109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2005] [Revised: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Comparative phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses have revealed a pervasive midpeninsular divergence in the mitochondrial genealogies of numerous vertebrate taxa distributed on the Baja California Peninsula. In this study, we extend the investigation of regional vicariance in Baja California to an arthropod taxon by examining patterns of phylogenetic and morphological divergence in the spider genus Homalonychus (Araneae, Homalonychidae). We analyzed data from two mtDNA genes (16S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit (1) and a nuclear gene (28S rRNA) using maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses, and also conducted geometric morphometric analyses employing landmark data on male and female genitalia. Genes and morphology both reveal a deep split across the Colorado River and Gulf of California, separating Homalonychus selenopoides on the east side of river from its congener Homalonychus theologus on the west side of the river, including the Baja California Peninsula. Along the north-south axis of the Baja Peninsula, an apparently more recent midpeninsular phylogenetic break is evident within H. theologus in the mitochondrial genome and in female genitalia. However, there is no measurable divergence between northern and southern populations in either nuclear DNA or male genitalia. We suggest that this discordance between datasets reflects either a difference in rates of evolution between male versus female systems, or that male-based nuclear gene flow is obscuring a phylogenetic split that is fixed in the female-based systems. Our findings provide additional support for a midpeninsular Baja divergence event, although the timing and geological evidence for such an event remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Crews
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182-4614, USA.
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