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Tiedemann R, Riesch R, Tomowski M, Havenstein K, Schlupp J, Berbel-Filho WM, Schlupp I. Genetic and phenotypic diversification in a widespread fish, the Sailfin Molly (Poecilia latipinna). BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38951779 PMCID: PMC11218414 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread species often experience significant environmental clines over the area they naturally occupy. We investigated a widespread livebearing fish, the Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) combining genetic, life-history, and environmental data, asking how structured populations are. Sailfin mollies can be found in coastal freshwater and brackish habitats from roughly Tampico, Veracruz in Mexico to Wilmington, North Carolina, in the USA. In addition, they are found inland on the Florida peninsula. Using microsatellite DNA, we genotyped 168 individuals from 18 populations covering most of the natural range of the Sailfin molly. We further determined standard life-history parameters for both males and females for these populations. Finally, we measured biotic and abiotic parameters in the field. We found six distinct genetic clusters based on microsatellite data, with very strong indication of isolation by distance. However, we also found significant numbers of migrants between adjacent populations. Despite genetic structuring we did not find evidence of cryptic speciation. The genetic clusters and the migration patterns do not match paleodrainages. Life histories vary between populations but not in a way that is easy to interpret. We suggest a role of humans in migration in the sailfin molly, for example in the form of a ship channel that connects southern Texas with Louisiana which might be a conduit for fish migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Maxi Tomowski
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Havenstein
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Schlupp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Amazon, amazon.com, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Waldir Miron Berbel-Filho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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Kovalov V, Kokko H. Fertility signalling games: should males obey the signal? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210499. [PMID: 36934751 PMCID: PMC10024994 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Game theory is frequently used to study conflicting interests between the two sexes. Males often benefit from a higher mating rate than females do. A temporal component of this conflict has rarely been modelled: females' interest in mating may depend on when females become fertile. This sets conditions for male-female coevolution, where females may develop fertility signals, and males may obey the signal, such that they only target signalling females. Modelling this temporal aspect to sexual conflict yields two equilibria: (i) a trivial equilibrium without signals and with males targeting all females, and (ii) a signalling equilibrium where all females signal before ovulation, and where either some, or all, males obey the signal. The 'all males obey the signal' equilibrium is more likely if we assume that discriminating males have an advantage in postcopulatory sperm competition, while in the absence of this benefit, we find the 'some males obey the signal' equilibrium. The history of game-theoretic models of sex differences often portrays one sex as the 'winner' and the opposite sex as the 'loser'. From early models emphasizing 'battle of the sexes'-style terminology, we recommend moving on to describe the situation as non-signalling equilibria having stronger unresolved sexual conflict than signalling equilibria. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kovalov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1160 Vienna, Austria
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 00790 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Norton CG, Wright MK. Strong first sperm precedence in the freshwater hermaphroditic snail Planorbella trivolvis. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2019.1630019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Ng TP, Rolán-Alvarez E, Dahlén SS, Davies MS, Estévez D, Stafford R, Williams GA. The causal relationship between sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism in marine gastropods. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Sekizawa A, Goto SG, Nakashima Y. A nudibranch removes rival sperm with a disposable spiny penis. J ETHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Abdelli M, Benbellil-Tafoughalt S, Koene JM. Intra-specific morphological variation of the spermatheca in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Helix aperta. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Garefalaki ME, Kalyva S, Janicke T, Staikou A. Intraspecific variation in reproductive characters is associated with the strength of sexual selection in the hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lodi M, Meijer FW, Koene JM. Ejaculates are not used as nuptial gifts in simultaneously hermaphroditic snails. ZOOLOGY 2017; 123:30-36. [PMID: 28712675 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Promoted by sexual selection, males usually adopt different ways to increase their fertilization chances. In many insect taxa males donate nuptial gifts, together with sperm, which represent a valuable additional nutrient source that females can use to provision eggs. This has also been suggested to occur in simultaneous hermaphrodites, organisms with both sex functions. In theory, donation of nuptial gifts or extra nutrients might work in hermaphrodites that mate unilaterally (one-way donation of ejaculates), but will not be effective when these organisms mate reciprocally (mutual exchange of ejaculates), since on average each partner would receive the amount it also transfers. Hence, for the latter the net amount gained would be zero, and when considering the non-trivial costs of metabolic conversion the energy balance of this exchange ends up negative. To test this prediction, we measured the material (dry weight) and resource (carbon and nitrogen content) investment into ejaculates of the unilaterally mating freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis and spermatophores of the reciprocally mating land snail Cornu aspersum. When compared to eggs, our measurements indicate that the investment is low for ejaculates and spermatophores, neither of which represent a significant contribution to egg production. Importantly, during reciprocal matings, couples exchanged similar amounts of material and resources, thus a gain of extra substances seems irrelevant. Hence, caution is needed when generalizing functions of male reproductive strategies across mating systems. Although digestion of ejaculates does not provide extra material and resources in simultaneous hermaphrodites, their absorption could still be important to eliminate an excess of received sperm and to select sperm via cryptic female choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lodi
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fedde W Meijer
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris M Koene
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bürkli A, Jokela J. Increase in multiple paternity across the reproductive lifespan in a sperm-storing, hermaphroditic freshwater snail. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5264-5278. [PMID: 28605149 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is a common phenomenon and challenges the traditional view of stronger sexual selection in males than in females. In simultaneous hermaphrodites, the physical proximity of both sex functions was long thought to preclude the operation of sexual selection. Laboratory studies suggest that multiple mating and polyandry in hermaphrodites may actually be common, but data from natural populations are sparse. We therefore estimated the rate of multiple paternity and its seasonal variability in the annual, sperm-storing, simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail Radix balthica for the entire duration of the reproductive lifespan. We also tested whether multiple paternity was associated with clutch size or embryonic development. To obtain these data, we measured and genotyped 60 field-collected egg clutches using nine highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Overall, 50% of the clutches had multiple fathers, and both the frequency (20-93% of clutches) and magnitude of multiple paternity (mean 1.3-3.8 fathers per clutch) substantially increased over time, probably because of extensive sperm storage. Most multiply sired clutches (83%) had a dominant father, but neither clutch size nor the proportion of developed embryos per clutch was associated with levels of multiple paternity. Both the evident promiscuity and the frequent skew of paternity shares suggest that sexual selection may be an important evolutionary force in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bürkli
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, D-USYS, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
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Devigili A, Di Nisio A, Grapputo A, Pilastro A. Directional postcopulatory sexual selection is associated with female sperm storage in Trinidadian guppies. Evolution 2016; 70:1829-43. [PMID: 27345870 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Female sperm storage (FSS) is taxonomically widespread and often associated with intense sperm competition, yet its consequences on postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS) are poorly known. Theory predicts that FSS will reduce the strength of PCSS, because sperm characteristics favored before and after FSS may be traded-off, and opportunities for nondirectional PCSS should increase. We explored these questions in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), by allowing females to mate multiply and by comparing the paternity pattern in two successive broods. Contrary to predictions, the variance in male fertilization success increased after FSS, driven by a change in male paternity share across broods. This change was positively associated with sperm velocity (measured before FSS) but not with the duration of FSS, indirectly suggesting that faster sperm were better in entering female storage organs, rather than in persisting within them. Other male traits, such as male size and orange color, heterozygosity, and relatedness to the female, did not influence paternity after FSS. These results indicate that processes associated with FSS tend to reinforce the strength of PCSS in guppies, rather than weaken it. Further work is necessary to test whether this pattern changes in case of more prolonged FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pilastro
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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Proćków M, Kuźnik-Kowalska E. Major fitness components in life history of euryoecious land snail Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae). FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.12657/folmal.024.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Johannesson K, Saltin SH, Charrier G, Ring AK, Kvarnemo C, André C, Panova M. Non-random paternity of offspring in a highly promiscuous marine snail suggests postcopulatory sexual selection. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Schmera D, Pizá J, Reinartz E, Ursenbacher S, Baur B. Breeding system, shell size and age at sexual maturity affect sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:89. [PMID: 27130818 PMCID: PMC4850656 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sperm size and quality are key factors for fertilization success. There is increasing empirical evidence demonstrating that sperm form and function are influenced by selective pressures. Theoretical models predict that sperm competition could favour the evolution of longer sperm. In hermaphrodites, self-fertilizing species are expected to have shorter sperm than cross-fertilizing species, which use sperm stored from several mating partners for the fertilization of their eggs and thus are exposed to intense sperm competition. We tested this hypothesis by comparing original data on sperm length in 57 species of simultaneously hermaphroditic stylommatophoran gastropods from Europe and South America with respect to the species' breeding system. We used 28S rRNA nuclear and COI mitochondrial sequence data to construct a molecular phylogeny. Phylogenetic generalized linear models were applied to examine the potential influence of morphological and life-history characters. RESULTS The best-fit model revealed that the breeding system and age at sexual maturity influence sperm length in gastropods. In general, species with predominant cross-fertilization had longer sperm than species with predominant self-fertilization or a mixed breeding system. Across species with shells (snails), sperm length also increased with shell size. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that sperm length in stylommatophoran gastropods is influenced by the risk of sperm competition, as well as by age at sexual maturity and shell size. This finding extends present knowledge of sperm evolution to a group of so far poorly studied simultaneous hermaphrodites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Schmera
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno 3, 8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Julia Pizá
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados 1, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ellen Reinartz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Baur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Haeussler EM, Schmera D, Baur A, Baur B. Random mating with respect to mating status in the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Arianta arbustorum. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2013.855267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Pélissié B, Jarne P, Sarda V, David P. DISENTANGLING PRECOPULATORY AND POSTCOPULATORY SEXUAL SELECTION IN POLYANDROUS SPECIES. Evolution 2014; 68:1320-31. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pélissié
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Philippe Jarne
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Violette Sarda
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Patrice David
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); UMR 5175, campus CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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Kimura K, Chiba S. Strategic ejaculation in simultaneously hermaphroditic land snails: more sperm into virgin mates. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:264. [PMID: 24304518 PMCID: PMC4235035 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been theorised that sperm competition promotes the strategic usage of costly sperm. Although sperm competition is thought to be an important driving force of reproductive traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites as well as in species with separate sexes, empirical studies on strategic ejaculation in simultaneous hermaphrodites are scarce. Results In the present study, we tested whether the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Euhadra quaesita adjusts the number of sperm donated according to the condition of the mate and whether the pattern of strategic ejaculation is in line with previously suggested theories. We found that individuals donated much more sperm when they copulated with a virgin mate than when they copulated with a non-virgin. Conclusion The virgin-biased pattern of ejaculation matches the theoretical prediction and suggests that sperm competition significantly influence the reproductive traits of simultaneously hermaphroditic land snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kimura
- Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Kawauchi 41, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8576, Japan.
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17
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A novel application of Approximate Bayesian Computation for detecting male reproductive advantages due to mating order. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Nakadera Y, Koene JM. Reproductive strategies in hermaphroditic gastropods: conceptual and empirical approaches. CAN J ZOOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2012-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An individual optimizes its reproductive success by adopting a particular reproductive strategy. Studying the details of a reproductive strategy leads to an understanding of how sexual selection acts, as the former is the process via which the individual reproduces successfully. Hermaphroditic gastropods display a bewildering diversity of reproductive strategies, which may be due to their mode of gender expression, when compared with well-studied separate-sexed species. Extensive theoretical, observational, and experimental research has been conducted on this topic. However, despite our knowledge about the reproductive system of hermaphroditic gastropods, we still need to fill the gap between pre- and post-copulatory processes and reproductive success. Here, we review and propose conceptual and empirical approaches aimed at understanding reproductive strategies of hermaphroditic gastropods. In sum, our suggestions are (i) to focus on sex-biased traits, (ii) to take biologically reliable measurements at both the pre- and post-copulatory level that relate to reproductive success, and (iii) to examine the fitness consequences of biased sex allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakadera
- Section Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris M. Koene
- Section Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Lucas MR, Huynh BL, da Silva Vinholes P, Cisse N, Drabo I, Ehlers JD, Roberts PA, Close TJ. Association Studies and Legume Synteny Reveal Haplotypes Determining Seed Size in Vigna unguiculata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:95. [PMID: 23596454 PMCID: PMC3625832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly specific seed market classes for cowpea and other grain legumes exist because grain is most commonly cooked and consumed whole. Size, shape, color, and texture are critical features of these market classes and breeders target development of cultivars for market acceptance. Resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses that are absent from elite breeding material are often introgressed through crosses to landraces or wild relatives. When crosses are made between parents with different grain quality characteristics, recovery of progeny with acceptable or enhanced grain quality is problematic. Thus genetic markers for grain quality traits can help in pyramiding genes needed for specific market classes. Allelic variation dictating the inheritance of seed size can be tagged and used to assist the selection of large seeded lines. In this work we applied 1,536-plex SNP genotyping and knowledge of legume synteny to characterize regions of the cowpea genome associated with seed size. These marker-trait associations will enable breeders to use marker-based selection approaches to increase the frequency of progeny with large seed. For 804 individuals derived from eight bi-parental populations, QTL analysis was used to identify markers linked to 10 trait determinants. In addition, the population structure of 171 samples from the USDA core collection was identified and incorporated into a genome-wide association study which supported more than half of the trait-associated regions important in the bi-parental populations. Seven of the total 10 QTLs were supported based on synteny to seed size associated regions identified in the related legume soybean. In addition to delivering markers linked to major trait determinants in the context of modern breeding, we provide an analysis of the diversity of the USDA core collection of cowpea to identify genepools, migrants, admixture, and duplicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R. Lucas
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California RiversideRiverside, CA, USA
| | - Bao-Lam Huynh
- Department of Nematology, University of California RiversideRiverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Ndiaga Cisse
- Senegalese Institute of Agricultural ResearchThiès, Senegal
| | - Issa Drabo
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural ResearchOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jeffrey D. Ehlers
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California RiversideRiverside, CA, USA
| | - Philip A. Roberts
- Department of Nematology, University of California RiversideRiverside, CA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Close
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California RiversideRiverside, CA, USA
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Kelly MW, Grosberg RK, Sanford E. Love the one you're with: proximity determines paternity success in the barnacleTetraclita rubescens. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5088-97. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K. Grosberg
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis; CA; 95616; USA
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21
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Hoch JM, Levinton JS. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF SEX ALLOCATION THEORY WITH TWO SPECIES OF SIMULTANEOUSLY HERMAPHRODITIC ACORN BARNACLES. Evolution 2012; 66:1332-43. [PMID: 22519775 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Matthew Hoch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA.
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Pélissié B, Jarne P, David P. SEXUAL SELECTION WITHOUT SEXUAL DIMORPHISM: BATEMAN GRADIENTS IN A SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITE. Evolution 2011; 66:66-81. [PMID: 22220865 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pélissié
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS. 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Kupfernagel S, Baur B. Sperm utilization in subadult and adult simultaneous hermaphrodite snails mating in the wild. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In species with multiple mating and long-term sperm storage, males are expected to show a preference for mating with virgin and young females to reduce the risk of sperm competition. In various simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail species, sperm production precedes egg production by 2–4 weeks, resulting in a short period of protandric hermaphroditism before shell growth is completed. In a natural population, we collected copulating pairs of the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum (L., 1758) consisting either of two adults, of two subadults, or of one adult and one subadult snail, and determined the paternity of their hatchlings that emerged from subsequently deposited eggs. Adult snails used sperm received from subadult mating partners for egg fertilization in the same frequency as sperm from adults, indicating that subadult and adult snails do not differ in male function. Furthermore, an unfinished shell is not a reliable indicator for virginity, because 35% of the subadult individuals had already sperm stored from previous mating(s). Compared with adults, young individuals exhibited a lower risk of sperm competition, indicated by a higher last mate sperm precedence. However, subadult snails produced fewer eggs than adult snails, counteracting the evolutionary advantage of preferring a young partner with low sperm competition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kupfernagel
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Baur
- Section of Conservation Biology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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GAREFALAKI ME, TRIANTAFYLLIDIS A, ABATZOPOULOS TJ, STAIKOU A. The outcome of sperm competition is affected by behavioural and anatomical reproductive traits in a simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail. J Evol Biol 2010; 23:966-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.01964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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KUPFERNAGEL SANDRA, RUSTERHOLZ HANSPETER, BAUR BRUNO. Variation in multiple paternity and sperm utilization patterns in natural populations of a simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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DE MEDEIROS CARVALHO CAMILLA, DA SILVA JAIROPINHEIRO, MENDONÇA CRISTIANELAFETÁFURTADO, DE ALMEIDA BESSA ELISABETHCRISTINA, D'ÁVILA STHEFANE. Life history strategy ofLeptinaria unilamellata(d'Orbigny, 1835) (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Subulinidae). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2009.9652307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chase R, Darbyson E. Differential survival of allosperm by location within the female storage organ of the snail Cornu aspersum. CAN J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sperm storage organ of terrestrial gastropod molluscs is implicated in sexual selection because it has a complex structure and it functions in a context of intense sperm competition. Received sperm are stored in spermathecal tubules. In our sample using the brown garden snail ( Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774)) (n = 58), the mean number of tubules per animal was 16, with lengths ranging from ≤40 to 2480 μm. A hereditary influence on tubule number was indicated by clutch-dependent variations. From histological sections, we counted the spermatozoa that were present in the tubules of ex-virgin snails 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after mating (n = 40). Sperm were distributed, on average, across 75% of the tubules in individual snails, thus contradicting one proposed mechanism for cryptic female choice. The total number of sperm declined 66% over 8 weeks, with the largest losses incurred by sperm in the lumens of the tubules and sperm gathered in clusters. By contrast, in the same period, the numbers of sperm that were in contact with the walls of the tubules remained relatively stable. These data imply that sperm survive best when attached to the epithelial wall, either because they derive nutrition from the epithelium or because they use the epithelium as an anchor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Chase
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Emily Darbyson
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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Kameda Y, Kawakita A, Kato M. Cryptic genetic divergence and associated morphological differentiation in the arboreal land snail Satsuma (Luchuhadra) largillierti (Camaenidae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 45:519-33. [PMID: 17500012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Land snails are renowned model organisms in evolutionary ecology, but extensive morphological variation and lack of readily available diagnostic characters often invite taxonomic confusion among closely related species. Satsuma (Luchuhadra) largillierti is an arboreal land snail endemic to Okinawa Island, Japan, in which extensive geographic variation in shell morphology has long caused taxonomic complication. To establish robust species limits among S. largillierti and its allies, we perform molecular and morphological analyses of snails sampled from the entire range of Luchuhadra. Analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences divide S. largillierti into two, reproductively isolated groups. Each of these groups includes Satsuma erabuensis and Satsuma sooi, respectively, which occur on a nearby island and were traditionally regarded as distinct species. Morphometric analysis of the genitalia further provides clear difference between the two groups, whereas differentiation in shell morphology is slight if any. These results indicate that the traditional taxonomy has overly depended on inadequate morphological difference and a priori information of island geography, which resulted in oversimplification of complex speciation history in Luchuhadra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kameda
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Evanno G, Madec L. [Morphological variation of the spermatheca in the garden snail Cantareus aspersus]. C R Biol 2007; 330:722-7. [PMID: 17905391 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spermathecal morphology is known to play an important role in postcopulatory sexual selection of many invertebrates. In helicid land snails, the spermatheca is subdivided into tubules, whose number is sometimes subject to a strong inter-individual variation. Significance of this variation for postcopulatory sexual selection is unknown, but it might be related to cryptic female choice. In the present work, we have investigated the fine multi-tubular structure of the sperm storage organ in Cantareus aspersus. We found between 3 and 13 tubules per individual in a single population, which represents a degree of variation rarely observed in helicid land snails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Evanno
- Département d'écologie et évolution, université de Lausanne, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Suisse
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Koemtzopoulos E, Staikou A. Variation in spermathecal morphology is independent of sperm competition intensity in populations of the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum. ZOOLOGY 2007; 110:139-46. [PMID: 17369032 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the sperm-storing organ (spermatheca) has been hypothesized to reflect sperm competition intensity in several gastropod species. Furthermore, considerable variation in spermathecal morphology has been detected among populations of the same species. The morphological variation of the fertilization pouch was studied in five populations of the simultaneously hermaphroditic land snail Cornu aspersum (formerly, Helix aspersa). The populations studied differed in snail density and habitat humidity regimes, thus in sperm competition intensity. The study was conducted on wild adult snails and their progeny, which was reared in the laboratory for two successive generations. Finally, the morphology of the spermatheca was correlated to behavioral mating traits of the snails. The fertilization pouch consisted of a simple fertilization chamber and 4-19 blind tubules. The five studied populations did not differ in either mean number of spermathecal tubules, length of the fertilization chamber, length of the main tubule, or cumulative length of all tubules, while they differed in copulation frequency and mating propensity. No correlation was found between snail size and number of tubules, or length of any spermathecal structure measured. Additionally, no correlation was found between any behavioral trait and the morphological characteristics of the spermatheca. Strong correlations were found only among measurements of some of the spermathecal structures. Our results suggest that the complexity of the spermatheca is not related to sperm competition intensity and its structure is thus genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evripides Koemtzopoulos
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sex role preferences, gender conflict and sperm trading in simultaneous hermaphrodites: a new framework. Anim Behav 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chase R, Blanchard KC. The snail's love-dart delivers mucus to increase paternity. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:1471-5. [PMID: 16777740 PMCID: PMC1560308 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the seemingly bizarre animal behaviours can be understood only by acknowledging the power of sex to shape evolution. A case in point is the so-called love-dart that some terrestrial molluscs shoot at their prospective sexual partners. Given that the likelihood of copulation is not different after solid hits than after complete misses, why do these suitors act so violently towards their chosen mates? Previously, it was shown that successful dart shooting enhances paternity. We conducted an experiment to determine whether the dart achieves its effect by a purely mechanical action or by transferring a bioactive substance. We found that injections of mucus from a gland associated with the dart more than doubled paternity relative to injections of saline. These results support the hypothesis that the dart transfers a substance capable of reconfiguring the spermatophore-receiving organs. While dart shooting probably evolved as the result of sperm competition, a role for cryptic female choice cannot be excluded. Our results imply that if cryptic female choice is operating in this system, it is likely to be based on the properties of the mucus and not on properties of the dart itself. Since we also found evidence of early-male sperm precedence, we conclude that snails can optimize their reproductive success by mating with virgins and shooting their darts accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Chase
- McGill University, Department of Biology, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada.
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BEESE KATHLEEN, BAUR BRUNO. Expandable spermatheca influences sperm storage in the simultaneously hermaphroditic snailArianta arbustorum. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2006.9652198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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