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Zhang K, Wu J, Deng D, Zhao H, Liu Q, Peng S, Zhang Y, Zhou Z. Population genetic differentiation of Daphnia sinensis in a lasting high-phosphorus Chinese lake, Lake Chaohu. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.913738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological shifts (e.g., eutrophication) can affect the genetic differentiation of zooplankton populations in lakes. However, the role of environmental change in a lasting high-phosphorus lake driving the genetic differentiation of zooplankton population structure over time is poorly understood. In this paper, the changes of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Daphnia sinensis population were studied by using the mitochondrial COI gene and microsatellite markers on modern groups (from January to June 2016) and historic groups (obtained from resting eggs in the sediments) in Lake Chaohu. Based on the microsatellite markers, six modern groups were clustered into two clusters (the WG cluster and SG cluster) during the seasonal dynamics, whereas the genetic differentiation of the five historic groups showed a wave-like pattern and had evolved into four clusters. Moreover, the haplotype network showed that six modern groups had one origin center whereas five historic groups had two origin centers based on the mitochondrial COI gene marker. Fu’s Fs neutral test and Tajima’s test indicated that the five historic groups deviated from neutral evolution and showed a bottleneck effect in the history process. Water temperature and total dissolved phosphorus were obviously associated with the seasonal genetic differentiation of D. sinensis, whereas nitrogen content of the sediments was significantly related to the long-term microevolution of D. sinensis in the high-phosphorus environment. Therefore, the changing pattern of D. sinensis population genetic structure was one of the environmental selections probably combined with co-evolutionary, where rapid-increasing nitrogen level had a large impact on D. sinensis population genetic structure in lasting high phosphorus environment in Lake Chaohu.
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2
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Stiller J, da Fonseca RR, Alfaro ME, Faircloth BC, Wilson NG, Rouse GW. Using ultraconserved elements to track the influence of sea-level change on leafy seadragon populations. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1364-1380. [PMID: 33217068 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), global sea levels were 120-130 m lower than today, resulting in the emergence of most continental shelves and extirpation of subtidal organisms from these areas. During the interglacial periods, rapid inundation of shelf regions created a dynamic environment for coastal organisms, such as the charismatic leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques, Syngnathidae), a brooder with low dispersal ability inhabiting kelp beds in temperate Australia. Reconstructions of the palaeoshoreline revealed that the increase of shallow areas since the LGM was not uniform across the species' range and we investigated the effects of these asymmetries on genetic diversity and structuring. Using targeted capture of 857 variable ultraconserved elements (UCEs, 2,845 single nucleotide polymorphisms) in 68 individuals, we found that the regionally different shelf topographies were paralleled by contrasting population genetic patterns. In the west, populations may not have persisted through sea-level lows because shallow seabed was very limited. Shallow genetic structure, weak expansion signals and a westward cline in genetic diversity indicate a postglacial recolonization of the western part of the range from a more eastern location following sea-level rise. In the east, shallow seabed persisted during the LGM and increased considerably after the flooding of large bays, which resulted in strong demographic expansions, deeper genetic structure and higher genetic diversity. This study suggests that postglacial flooding with rising sea levels produced locally variable signatures in colonizing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Section for Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | | | - Brant C Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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3
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Mendes T, Gomes C, Monteiro N, Antunes A. Strong Sexual Selection Does Not Induce Population Differentiation in a Fish Species with High Dispersal Potential: The Curious Case of the Worm Pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis (Teleostei: Syngnathidae). J Hered 2020; 111:585-592. [PMID: 33313855 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of population differentiation are a common demographic pattern in syngnathids, even at small geographical scales. This is probably the end result of the common life history traits observed within the family, involving limited dispersal capabilities and strong habitat dependency. The worm pipefish, Nerophis lumbriciformis, which displays all these characteristics, also presents an additional variable potentially able to promote population differentiation: high sexual selection intensity, especially at the extremes of its distribution. Nevertheless, an early life pelagic stage, which presumably allows for admixture, could prevent population structuring. Here, we assessed the phylogeography of N. lumbriciformis through the amplification of the cytochrome b, 12S, and 16S rDNA mitochondrial markers as well as the rhodopsin nuclear marker, performed upon 119 individuals. We observed a genetically homogeneous population with indications of extensive gene flow. We tentatively attribute this finding to the dispersal potential of the species' pelagic larvae, supported by marine currents acting as major dispersal vectors. We also detected a signal of expansion towards the poles, consistent with the current climate change scenario. Despite the marked latitudinal differences in the phenotype of reproducing worm pipefish, the absence of clear population structuring suggests that phenotypic plasticity can have a significant role in the expression of sexual selection-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Mendes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália Gomes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal.,CIBIO (InBio), Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, CEBIMED, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
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4
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Klanten OS, Gaither MR, Greaves S, Mills K, O’Keeffe K, Turnbull J, McKinnon R, Booth DJ. Genomic and morphological evidence of distinct populations in the endemic common (weedy) seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Syngnathidae) along the east coast of Australia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243446. [PMID: 33362197 PMCID: PMC7757807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The common or weedy seadragon, Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, is an iconic and endemic fish found across temperate reefs of southern Australia. Despite its charismatic nature, few studies have been published, and the extent of population sub-structuring remains poorly resolved. Here we used 7462 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify the extent of population structure in the weedy seadragon along the temperate southeast coast of Australia. We identified four populations, with strong genetic structure (FST = 0.562) between them. Both Discriminant Analysis of Principle Components (DAPC) and Bayesian clustering analyses support four distinct genetic clusters (north to south: central New South Wales, southern NSW, Victoria and Tasmania). In addition to these genetic differences, geographical variation in external morphology was recorded, with individuals from New South Wales shaped differently for a few measurements to those from the Mornington Peninsula (Victoria). We posit that these genetic and morphological differences suggest that the Victorian population of P. taeniolatus was historically isolated by the Bassian Isthmus during the last glacial maximum and should now be considered at least a distinct population. We also recorded high levels of genetic structure among the other locations. Based on the genomic and to a degree morphological evidence presented in this study, we recommend that the Victorian population be managed separately from the eastern populations (New South Wales and Tasmania).
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Selma Klanten
- Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Michelle R. Gaither
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Samuel Greaves
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Kade Mills
- Victorian National Parks Association, Carlton Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - John Turnbull
- Underwater Research Group (URG), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob McKinnon
- New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, Merimbula, NSW, Australia
| | - David J. Booth
- Fish Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Ghanimi H, Goddard JHR, Chichvarkhin A, Gosliner TM, Jung DW, Valdés Á. An integrative approach to the systematics of the Berthella californica species complex (Heterobranchia: Pleurobranchidae). THE JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES 2020; 86:186-200. [PMID: 34024980 PMCID: PMC8116134 DOI: 10.1093/mollus/eyaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Berthella californica (W. H. Dall, 1900) is a widespread species of heterobranch sea slug distributed across the North Pacific Ocean, from Korea and Japan to the Galapagos Islands. Two distinct morphotypes are observed in B. californica, which differ in external coloration, egg-mass morphology and geographic distribution (with the exception of a small range overlap in Southern California). Molecular and morphological data obtained in this study reveals that these two morphotypes constitute distinct species. The name B. californica (type locality: San Pedro, California) is retained for the southern morphotype, whereas the name Berthella chacei (J. Q. Burch, 1944) (type locality: Crescent City, California) is resurrected for the northern morphotype. Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered B. californica as sister to Berthellina, in a well-supported clade separate from Berthella, suggesting that the classification of B. californica may need additional revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Ghanimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Jeffrey H R Goddard
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6150, USA
| | - Anton Chichvarkhin
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Terrence M Gosliner
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Dae-Wui Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Ángel Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
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6
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Moser FN, Wilson AB. Reproductive isolation following hybrid speciation in Mediterranean pipefish (Syngnathus spp.). Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Garcia E, Rice CA, Eernisse DJ, Forsgren KL, Quimbayo JP, Rouse GW. Systematic relationships of sympatric pipefishes (Syngnathus spp.): A mismatch between morphological and molecular variation. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:999-1012. [PMID: 31192446 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of mitochondrial DNA and morphological variation were performed on specimens of all five currently recognised Syngnathus pipefish species from the eastern Pacific Ocean with type localities currently considered to lie within the Californian marine biogeographic province: kelp pipefish Syngnathus californiensis, bay pipefish S. leptorhynchus, barred pipefish S. auliscus, barcheek pipefish S. exilis and chocolate pipefish S. euchrous. Results consistently differentiate S. auliscus from the other species and fail to distinguish all other specimens as distinct species, as indicated by extensive morphological overlap as well as incomplete lineage sorting and considerably low genetic divergence for 16s and coI genes(<1%). This study presents a taxonomic revision of eastern Pacific Syngnathus spp. and proposes the synonymy of S. leptorhynchus, S. euchrous and S. exilis, under the senior synonym, S. californiensis. There is still a need to study populations of Syngnathus spp. from north and south of the Californian province to assess whether these too are synonyms of the two-species recognised here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Garcia
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Cristy A Rice
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Douglas J Eernisse
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Kristy L Forsgren
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Juan P Quimbayo
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Kallouche MM, Acevedo I, Ghalek M, Bouras D, Machordom A. Filling the limpet gap: molecular characterization of the genus Patella (Patellidae, Gastropoda) in the Algerian coasts of Oran. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2018. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.64.2.161.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Stiller J, Wilson NG, Donnellan S, Rouse GW. The Leafy Seadragon, Phycodurus eques, a Flagship Species with Low But Structured Genetic Variability. J Hered 2017; 108:152-162. [PMID: 28173190 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eques, Syngnathidae), is a charismatic endemic of Australia’s temperate coast. The species exhibits remarkable camouflage in its kelp and seagrass habitat. These habitats have been retreating throughout the range of the species, leading to concerns about the persistence of leafy seadragons. Despite being a popular aquarium display and a flagship for coastal conservation, little is known about leafy seadragon biology. We used 7 microsatellite markers and 2 mitochondrial DNA fragments to investigate the population structuring and genetic diversity of 71 individuals. Bayesian cluster analysis identified 2 main genetic partitions, one in Western Australia and the other in South Australia. Shallower, yet significant, differentiation of mitochondrial DNA (φST) and microsatellites (FST, F′ST, D) was found on the smaller geographic scales in South Australia. Distinct groups were supported in Encounter Bay, on both shores of Gulf St Vincent, and in Spencer Gulf. Sample sizes were too small in the eastern Great Australian Bight and in the westernmost locality to address genetic differentiation in these regions. Overall genetic diversity was moderate to low, but particularly low levels were found in the Western Australian cluster. This latter point needs confirmation at other sites in Western Australia. In South Australia, signatures of demographic changes were detected, which may have been caused by a population expansion due to post-glacial reflooding of the gulfs. The Western Australian and South Australian clusters appeared as demographically independent units. Conservation actions should focus on preserving genetic diversity at local scales and maintaining habitat connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Donnellan
- Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia.,The School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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10
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Past and present drivers of population structure in a small coastal fish, the European long snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Origin and Genetic Diversity of Lake Trout in the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.3996/032014-jfwm-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush is a slow-growing, late-maturing, cold-water-adapted species whose native distribution is described by the glaciated regions of North America. Southwestern Alaska, the western limit of the species range, has undergone repeated episodes of glacial advance and retreat. In this study, lake trout were sampled from 15 lakes in six drainages on or near Togiak National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) in southwestern Alaska. Data from 14 microsatellite loci were used to test for genetic evidence that lake trout survived the most recent glacial advance in a local refugium, and to test the effect of habitat size, elevation, and drainage on within- and among-population variation. We could not infer that unglaciated lakes within the TNWR served as a refugium during the most recent glacial maximum. In a neighbor-joining tree, populations largely clustered by drainage, suggesting a single founding source for each drainage. An exception occurred in the Nushagak and Kuskokwim rivers, where evidence for stream capture was detected. Among-population variation, as measured by FST, was 0.35; pairwise FST within drainages ranged from 0.05 to 0.47, indicative of low gene flow, even within drainages, though individual-based analysis detected movement of lake trout among lakes within the Kanektok, Goodnews, and Nushagak rivers. Lake surface area was positively associated with allele richness, and negatively associated with FIS, indicating that smaller lakes in the TNWR harbor less genetic diversity and may have more limited adaptive potential.
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12
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Portnoy DS, Hollenbeck CM, Belcher CN, Driggers WB, Frazier BS, Gelsleichter J, Grubbs RD, Gold JR. Contemporary population structure and post-glacial genetic demography in a migratory marine species, the blacknose shark, Carcharhinus acronotus. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5480-95. [PMID: 25294029 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of population structure and historical genetic demography of blacknose sharks in the western North Atlantic Ocean were assessed using variation in nuclear-encoded microsatellites and sequences of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Significant heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers to gene flow, based on microsatellites and/or mtDNA, revealed the occurrence of five genetic populations localized to five geographic regions: the southeastern U.S Atlantic coast, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the western Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas. Pairwise estimates of genetic divergence between sharks in the Bahamas and those in all other localities were more than an order of magnitude higher than between pairwise comparisons involving the other localities. Demographic modelling indicated that sharks in all five regions diverged after the last glacial maximum and, except for the Bahamas, experienced post-glacial, population expansion. The patterns of genetic variation also suggest that the southern Gulf of Mexico may have served as a glacial refuge and source for the expansion. Results of the study demonstrate that barriers to gene flow and historical genetic demography contributed to contemporary patterns of population structure in a coastal migratory species living in an otherwise continuous marine habitat. The results also indicate that for many marine species, failure to properly characterize barriers in terms of levels of contemporary gene flow could in part be due to inferences based solely on equilibrium assumptions. This could lead to erroneous conclusions regarding levels of connectivity in species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Portnoy
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
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13
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Sunday JM, Popovic I, Palen WJ, Foreman MGG, Hart MW. Ocean circulation model predicts high genetic structure observed in a long-lived pelagic developer. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5036-47. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Sunday
- Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; 2212 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - I. Popovic
- Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - W. J. Palen
- Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - M. G. G. Foreman
- Institute of Ocean Sciences; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 9860 West Saanich Road Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - M. W. Hart
- Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Drive Burnaby British Columbia Canada
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14
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Ocampo EH, Robles R, Terossi M, Nuñez JD, Cledón M, Mantelatto FL. Phylogeny, phylogeography, and systematics of the American pea crab genusCalyptraeotheres Campos, 1990, inferred from molecular markers. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano H. Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; CONICET-UNMDP; Mar del Plata; Buenos Aires; 7600; Argentina
| | - Rafael Robles
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics, Program in Comparative Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo; 14040-901; Brazil
| | - Mariana Terossi
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics, Program in Comparative Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo; 14040-901; Brazil
| | - Jesús D. Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; CONICET-UNMDP; Mar del Plata; Buenos Aires; 7600; Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Cledón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; CONICET-UNMDP; Mar del Plata; Buenos Aires; 7600; Argentina
| | - Fernando L. Mantelatto
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics, Program in Comparative Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo; 14040-901; Brazil
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15
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Sogabe A, Takagi M. Population genetic structure of the messmate pipefish Corythoichthys haematopterus in the northwest pacific: evidence for a cryptic species. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:408. [PMID: 24024095 PMCID: PMC3765599 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The population genetic structure of the messmate pipefish, Corythoichthys haematopterus, in the northwest Pacific was investigated based on the partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (589 bp) and 16S rRNA (528 bp) region sequences of 108 individuals collected from six sites along the coast of the Japanese archipelago and one site on Mactan Island, the Philippines. A total of 60 and 28 haplotypes were obtained from the cytochrome b and 16S rRNA regions, respectively. Two genetically distinct lineages were detected: lineage A and B, which are separated by mean pairwise genetic distances of 23.3 and 14.1% in the partial cytochrome b and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Such a huge genetic divergence between lineages, which is comparable to or even higher than the interspecific level, and the difference in their geographical distributions and habitat preferences suggests that they are distinct species, although there is no marked difference in their morphology. Haplotype network and gene and nucleotide diversity statistics indicate that the two lineages have different biogeographic histories: lineage A experienced rapid population expansion after a population bottleneck whereas lineage B has a long evolutionary history in a large stable population. In contrast, the levels of genetic variation among populations are relatively low in both lineages, probably because of frequent gene flow among populations resulting from the dispersal of pelagic larvae by the Kuroshio Current. These results indicate that past climatic events and contemporary oceanographic features have played a major role in establishing the population genetic structure of C. haematopterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sogabe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528 Japan ; Center for Marine Biology, Asamushi, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto Asamushi, Aomori, 039-3501 Japan
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16
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Mwale M, Kaiser H, Barker NP, Wilson AB, Teske PR. Identification of a uniquely southern African clade of coastal pipefishes Syngnathus spp. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:2045-2062. [PMID: 23731151 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic status of two southern African coastal pipefish species, Syngnathus temminckii and Syngnathus watermeyeri, was investigated using a combination of morphological and genetic data. Morphological data showed that S. temminckii is distinct from the broadly distributed European pipefish Syngnathus acus, and a molecular phylogeny reconstructed using mitochondrial DNA recovered S. temminckii and S. watermeyeri as sister taxa. The southern African species share an evolutionary origin with north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea species, including S. acus. These data support the existence of a distinct southern African clade of Syngnathus pipefishes that has diverged in situ to form the two species present in the region today.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mwale
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Sanna D, Biagi F, Alaya HB, Maltagliati F, Addis A, Romero A, De Juan J, Quignard JP, Castelli A, Franzoi P, Torricelli P, Casu M, Carcupino M, Francalacci P. Mitochondrial DNA variability of the pipefish Syngnathus abaster. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:856-876. [PMID: 23464548 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides data on the genetic structuring of the pipefish Syngnathus abaster in the western Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. A total of 109 specimens were collected in brackish-water biotopes. The control region and three other regions of the mitochondrial genome were analysed. The most relevant result was the high genetic structuring found by Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML) and network analyses, which were consistent in showing three well-separated clusters of S. abaster populations. Furthermore, BI and ML did not support the monophyly of the taxon S. abaster. These results suggest the occurrence of a species complex in the study area, whose differentiation may have occurred since the Pleistocene. The results also show a very high genetic variability at the inter-population level, with no shared haplotypes among sites. Evolutionary forces due to the fragmented nature of the brackish-water habitats may account for the high genetic divergence found among the groups and populations. Finally, although dispersal by rafting over long distances may occasionally occur, this study suggests linear stepping-stone model of colonization to be most likely. The complexity of the results obtained suggests that further studies are needed to elucidate the phylogeny of S. abaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica, Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Haupt AJ, Micheli F, Palumbi SR. Dispersal at a snail's pace: historical processes affect contemporary genetic structure in the exploited wavy top snail (Megastraea undosa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 104:327-40. [PMID: 23450089 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We used population genetics to assess historical and modern demography of the exploited wavy top snail, Megastraea undosa, which has a 5-10 day pelagic larval duration. Foot tissue was sampled from an average of 51 individuals at 17 sites across the range of M. undosa. Genetic structure at the mtDNA locus is strikingly high (ΦST of 0.19 across 1000 km), and a major cline occurs in northern Baja California (ΦCT of 0.29 between northern and southern populations). Genetic data indicate that the northern region is highly connected through larval dispersal, whereas the southern region exhibits low genetic structure. However, additional analyses based on patterns of haplotype diversity and relationships among haplotypes indicate that M. undosa has likely recently expanded into the Southern California Bight or expanded from a small refugial population, and analysis using isolation by distance to calculate dispersal distance indicates surprisingly short estimates of dispersal from 30 m to 3 km. This scenario of a northward expansion and limited larval dispersal is supported by coalescent-based simulations of genetic data. The different patterns of genetic variation between northern and southern populations are likely artifacts of evolutionary history rather than differences in larval dispersal and this may have applications to management of this species. Specifically, these data can help to inform the scale at which this species should be managed, and given the potentially very small dispersal distances, this species should be managed at local scales. Consideration of the evolutionary history of target species allows for a more accurate interpretation of genetic data for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Haupt
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 100 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
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Limits of Bayesian skyline plot analysis of mtDNA sequences to infer historical demographies in Pacific herring (and other species). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Analysis of meristic and mitochondrial DNA variation in Syngnathus abaster (Teleostea: Syngnathidae) from two western Mediterranean lagoons. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Rosenqvist G, Berglund A. Sexual signals and mating patterns in Syngnathidae. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1647-1661. [PMID: 21651521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Male pregnancy in the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons) predisposes males to limit female reproductive success; sexual selection may then operate more strongly on females and female sexual signals may evolve (sex-role reversal). A bewildering array of female signals has evolved in Syngnathids, e.g. skin folds, large body size, colouration, markings on the body and elaborate courtship. These female sexual signals do not seem quantitatively or qualitatively different from those that evolve in males in species with conventional sex roles where males provide females or offspring with direct benefits. In several syngnathid species, males also evolve ornaments, females are choosy in addition to being competitive and males compete as well as choosing partners. Thus, sex roles form a continuum, spanning from conventional to reversed within this group of fishes. Cases are presented here suggesting that stronger sexual selection on females may be most extreme in species showing classical polyandry (one male mates with several females, such as many species where males brood their eggs on the trunk), intermediate in polygynandrous species (males and females both mate with more than one partner, as in many species where males brood their eggs on the tail) and least extreme, even exhibiting conventional sex roles, in monogamous species (one male mates solely with one female, as in many seahorses and tropical pipefishes). At the same time caution is needed before unanimously establishing this pattern: first, the connection between mating patterns, strength of sexual selection, sex roles and ornament expression is far from simple and straightforward, and second, knowledge of the actual morphology, ecology and behaviour of most syngnathid species is scanty. Basically only a few Nerophis, Syngnathus and Hippocampus species have been studied in any detail. It is known, however, that this group of fishes exhibits a remarkable variation in sex roles and ornamentation, making them an ideal group for the study of mating patterns, sexual selection and sexually selected signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rosenqvist
- Department of Biology, Centre of Conservation Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Mobley KB, Small CM, Jones AG. The genetics and genomics of Syngnathidae: pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1624-1646. [PMID: 21651520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review was to provide a historical overview of how molecular techniques have increased the understanding of the ecology and evolution of the family Syngnathidae (pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons). Molecular studies based primarily on mitochondrial DNA markers have proved their worth by elucidating complex phylogenetic relationships within the family. Phylogeographic studies, which have revealed how life-history traits and past climatic events shape geographic distributions and patterns of genetic variation within syngnathid species, also provide interesting case studies for the conservation and management of threatened species. The application of microsatellite DNA markers has opened a floodgate of studies concerned with the breeding biology of these fishes, which are interesting due to their unique reproductive mode of male pregnancy. Research in this area has contributed significantly to the understanding of mating patterns and sexual selection. Molecular markers may also be employed in studies of demography, migration and local breeding population sizes. Genomic studies have identified genes that are probably involved in male pregnancy and promise additional insights into various aspects of syngnathid biology at the level of the gene. Despite these advances, much more remains to be explored. Goals for future research should include: (1) a more inclusive phylogeny to resolve outstanding issues concerning the relationships within the family and higher order taxa, (2) a broader use of molecular studies to aid management and conservation efforts, (3) the inclusion of more genera in comparative behavioural studies and (4) the continued development of genomic resources for syngnathids to facilitate comparative genomic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Mobley
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Wilson AB, Orr JW. The evolutionary origins of Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2011; 78:1603-23. [PMID: 21651519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance as evolutionary and ecological model systems, the phylogenetic relationships among gasterosteiforms remain poorly understood, complicating efforts to understand the evolutionary origins of the exceptional morphological and behavioural diversity of this group. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the origin and evolution of syngnathids, a gasterosteiform family with a highly developed form of male parental care, combining inferences based on morphological and molecular data with paleontological evidence documenting the evolutionary history of the group. Molecular methods have provided new tools for the study of syngnathid relationships and have played an important role in recent conservation efforts. Despite recent insights into syngnathid evolution, however, a survey of the literature reveals a strong taxonomic bias towards studies on the species-rich genera Hippocampus and Syngnathus, with a lack of data for many morphologically unique members of the family. The study of the evolutionary pressures responsible for generating the high diversity of syngnathids would benefit from a wider perspective, providing a comparative framework in which to investigate the evolution of the genetic, morphological and behavioural traits of the group as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wilson
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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KOBLMÜLLER STEPHAN, SALZBURGER WALTER, OBERMÜLLER BEATE, EIGNER EVA, STURMBAUER CHRISTIAN, SEFC KRISTINAM. Separated by sand, fused by dropping water: habitat barriers and fluctuating water levels steer the evolution of rock-dwelling cichlid populations in Lake Tanganyika. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2272-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shen KN, Jamandre BW, Hsu CC, Tzeng WN, Durand JD. Plio-Pleistocene sea level and temperature fluctuations in the northwestern Pacific promoted speciation in the globally-distributed flathead mullet Mugil cephalus. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:83. [PMID: 21450111 PMCID: PMC3079632 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of speciation in the marine realm is challenging because of the apparent absence of physical barriers to dispersal, which are one of the main drivers of genetic diversity. Although phylogeographic studies using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) information often reveal significant genetic heterogeneity within marine species, the evolutionary significance of such diversity is difficult to interpret with these markers. In the northwestern (NW) Pacific, several studies have emphasised the potential importance of sea-level regression during the most recent glaciations as a driver of genetic diversity in marine species. These studies have failed, however, to determine whether the period of isolation was long enough for divergence to attain speciation. Among these marine species, the cosmopolitan estuarine-dependent fish Mugil cephalus represents an interesting case study. Several divergent allopatric mtDNA lineages have been described in this species worldwide, and three occur in sympatry in the NW Pacific. RESULTS Ten nuclear microsatellites were surveyed to estimate the level of genetic isolation of these lineages and determine the role of sea-level fluctuation in the evolution of NW Pacific M. cephalus. Three cryptic species of M. cephalus were identified within this region (NWP1, 2 and 3) using an assignment test on the microsatellite data. Each species corresponds with one of the three mtDNA lineages in the COI phylogenetic tree. NWP3 is the most divergent species, with a distribution range that suggests tropical affinities, while NWP1, with a northward distribution from Taiwan to Russia, is a temperate species. NWP2 is distributed along the warm Kuroshio Current. The divergence of NWP1 from NWP2 dates back to the Pleistocene epoch and probably corresponds to the separation of the Japan and China Seas when sea levels dropped. Despite their subsequent range expansion since this period of glaciation, no gene flow was observed among these three lineages, indicating that speciation has been achieved. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully identified three cryptic species in M. cephalus inhabiting the NW Pacific, using a combination of microsatellites and mitochondrial genetic markers. The current genetic architecture of the M. cephalus species complex in the NW Pacific is the result of a complex interaction of contemporary processes and historical events. Sea level and temperature fluctuations during Plio-Pleistocene epochs probably played a major role in creating the marine species diversity of the NW Pacific that is found today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Shen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, China.
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WILSON ANTHONYB, EIGENMANN VERAGUTH IRIS. The impact of Pleistocene glaciation across the range of a widespread European coastal species. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4535-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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KAISER TOBIASS, NEUMANN DIETRICH, HECKEL DAVIDG, BERENDONK THOMASU. Strong genetic differentiation and postglacial origin of populations in the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera). Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2845-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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McCusker MR, Bentzen P. Phylogeography of 3 North Atlantic Wolffish species (Anarhichas spp.) with phylogenetic relationships within the family Anarhichadidae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 101:591-601. [PMID: 20511379 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses of all 4 wolffish species (Atlantic, Spotted, Northern, and Bering wolffishes) and the Wolfeel were assessed with both mitochondrial (D-loop and ND1) and nuclear (amplified fragment length polymorphism) DNA to resolve relationships within the family Anarhichadidae. Species-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation rates were estimated based on 2 possible dates of divergence between the Pacific and Atlantic lineages. Phylogeographic patterns within each of the 3 North Atlantic wolffishes were investigated with Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations based on mtDNA to determine whether population size changes occurred following the last glaciation and where wolffishes likely survived glaciation. All 3 species of North Atlantic wolffishes showed evidence of postglacial expansion but did not show evidence of persistence in multiple refugia in both the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean. Rather, the data supported persistence in a single refuge, with postglacial expansion into the rest of the range. Nucleotide diversity, in particular, was low in wolffishes compared with other marine fishes, possibly related to reductions in population sizes during the last glaciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R McCusker
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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29
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Keever CC, Sunday J, Puritz JB, Addison JA, Toonen RJ, Grosberg RK, Hart MW. Discordant distribution of populations and genetic variation in a sea star with high dispersal potential. Evolution 2009; 63:3214-27. [PMID: 19663996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patiria miniata, a broadcast-spawning sea star species with high dispersal potential, has a geographic range in the intertidal zone of the northeast Pacific Ocean from Alaska to California that is characterized by a large range gap in Washington and Oregon. We analyzed spatial genetic variation across the P. miniata range using multilocus sequence data (mtDNA, nuclear introns) and multilocus genotype data (microsatellites). We found a strong phylogeographic break at Queen Charlotte Sound in British Columbia that was not in the location predicted by the geographical distribution of the populations. However, this population genetic discontinuity does correspond to previously described phylogeographic breaks in other species. Northern populations from Alaska and Haida Gwaii were strongly differentiated from all southern populations from Vancouver Island and California. Populations from Vancouver Island and California were undifferentiated with evidence of high gene flow or very recent separation across the range disjunction between them. The surprising and discordant spatial distribution of populations and alleles suggests that historical vicariance (possibly caused by glaciations) and contemporary dispersal barriers (possibly caused by oceanographic conditions) both shape population genetic structure in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson C Keever
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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30
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Koblmüller S, Duftner N, Sefc KM, Aigner U, Rogetzer M, Sturmbauer C. Phylogeographic structure and gene flow in the scale-eating cichlidPerissodus microlepis(Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae) in southern Lake Tanganyika. ZOOL SCR 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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HICKEY ANTHONYJR, LAVERY SHANED, HANNAN DANIELLEA, BAKER CSCOTT, CLEMENTS KENDALLD. New Zealand triplefin fishes (family Tripterygiidae): contrasting population structure and mtDNA diversity within a marine species flock. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:680-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.04052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Walker MJ, Stockman AK, Marek PE, Bond JE. Pleistocene glacial refugia across the Appalachian Mountains and coastal plain in the millipede genus Narceus: evidence from population genetic, phylogeographic, and paleoclimatic data. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:25. [PMID: 19183468 PMCID: PMC2652443 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Species that are widespread throughout historically glaciated and currently non-glaciated areas provide excellent opportunities to investigate the role of Pleistocene climatic change on the distribution of North American biodiversity. Many studies indicate that northern animal populations exhibit low levels of genetic diversity over geographically widespread areas whereas southern populations exhibit relatively high levels. Recently, paleoclimatic data have been combined with niche-based distribution modeling to locate possible refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum. Using phylogeographic, population, and paleoclimatic data, we show that the distribution and mitochondrial data for the millipede genus Narceus are consistent with classical examples of Pleistocene refugia and subsequent post-glacial population expansion seen in other organismal groups. Results The phylogeographic structure of Narceus reveals a complex evolutionary history with signatures of multiple refugia in southeastern North America followed by two major northern expansions. Evidence for refugial populations were found in the southern Appalachian Mountains and in the coastal plain. The northern expansions appear to have radiated from two separate refugia, one from the Gulf Coastal Plain area and the other from the mid-Atlantic coastal region. Distributional models of Narceus during the Last Glacial Maximum show a dramatic reduction from the current distribution, with suitable ecological zones concentrated along the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plain. We found a strong correlation between these zones of ecological suitability inferred from our paleo-model with levels of genetic diversity derived from phylogenetic and population estimates of genetic structuring. Conclusion The signature of climatic change, during and after the Pleistocene, on the distribution of the millipede genus Narceus is evident in the genetic data presented. Niche-based historical distribution modeling strengthens the conclusions drawn from the genetic data and proves useful in identifying probable refugia. Such interdisciplinary biogeographic studies provide a comprehensive approach to understanding these processes that generate and maintain biodiversity as well as the framework necessary to explore questions regarding evolutionary diversification of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Walker
- East Carolina University, Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex N211, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Demont M, Blanckenhorn WU, Hosken DJ, Garner TWJ. Molecular and quantitative genetic differentiation across Europe in yellow dung flies. J Evol Biol 2008; 21:1492-503. [PMID: 18800996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relating geographic variation in quantitative traits to underlying population structure is crucial for understanding processes driving population differentiation, isolation and ultimately speciation. Our study represents a comprehensive population genetic survey of the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria, an important model organism for evolutionary and ecological studies, over a broad geographic scale across Europe (10 populations from the Swiss Alps to Iceland). We simultaneously assessed differentiation in five quantitative traits (body size, development time, growth rate, proportion of diapausing individuals and duration of diapause), to compare differentiation in neutral marker loci (F(ST)) to that of quantitative traits (Q(ST)). Despite long distances and uninhabitable areas between sampled populations, population structuring was very low but significant (F(ST) = 0.007, 13 microsatellite markers; F(ST) = 0.012, three allozyme markers; F(ST) = 0.007, markers combined). However, only two populations (Iceland and Sweden) showed significant allelic differentiation to all other populations. We estimated high levels of gene flow [effective number of migrants (Nm) = 6.2], there was no isolation by distance, and no indication of past genetic bottlenecks (i.e. founder events) and associated loss of genetic diversity in any northern or island population. In contrast to the low population structure, quantitative traits were strongly genetically differentiated among populations, following latitudinal clines, suggesting that selection is responsible for life history differentiation in yellow dung flies across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Demont
- Zoological Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hemmer-Hansen J, Nielsen EE, Grønkjaer P, Loeschcke V. Evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genetic population structure of marine fishes; lessons from the European flounder (Platichthys flesusL.). Mol Ecol 2007; 16:3104-18. [PMID: 17651190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of evolutionary mechanisms have been suggested for generating low but significant genetic structuring among marine fish populations. We used nine microsatellite loci and recently developed methods in landscape genetics and coalescence-based estimation of historical gene flow and effective population sizes to assess temporal and spatial dynamics of the population structure in European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.). We collected 1062 flounders from 13 localities in the northeast Atlantic and Baltic Seas and found temporally stable and highly significant genetic differentiation among samples covering a large part of the species' range (global F(ST) = 0.024, P < 0.0001). In addition to historical processes, a number of contemporary acting evolutionary mechanisms were associated with genetic structuring. Physical forces, such as oceanographic and bathymetric barriers, were most likely related with the extreme isolation of the island population at the Faroe Islands. A sharp genetic break was associated with a change in life history from pelagic to benthic spawners in the Baltic Sea. Partial Mantel tests showed that geographical distance per se was not related with genetic structuring among Atlantic and western Baltic Sea samples. Alternative factors, such as dispersal potential and/or environmental gradients, could be important for generating genetic divergence in this region. The results show that the magnitude and scale of structuring generated by a specific mechanism depend critically on its interplay with other evolutionary mechanisms, highlighting the importance of investigating species with wide geographical and ecological distributions to increase our understanding of evolution in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hemmer-Hansen
- Department of Genetics and Ecology, University of Aarhus, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Wilson AB, Martin-Smith KM. Genetic monogamy despite social promiscuity in the pot-bellied seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis). Mol Ecol 2007; 16:2345-52. [PMID: 17561895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection theory predicts a positive correlation between relative parental investment and mate choice. In syngnathid fishes (seahorses and pipefish), males brood offspring in specialized brooding structures. While female-female mating competition has been demonstrated in some pipefishes, all seahorses (genus Hippocampus) studied to date have been found to have conventional sex roles with greater male-male competition for access to mates despite possessing the most complex brood structures in the family. Although multiple mating is common in pipefish, seahorses are again exceptional, exhibiting strict genetic monogamy. Both demographic and behavioural explanations have been offered to explain the lack of multiple mating in seahorse species, but these hypotheses have not yet been explicitly addressed. We investigated mating systems and brood parentage of the pot-bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis, a temperate-water species that is socially promiscuous with conventional sex roles in laboratory populations. We observed promiscuous courtship behaviour and sex-role reversal in high density, female-biased field populations of H. abdominalis. We hypothesize that sex roles are plastic in H. abdominalis, depending on local population density and sex ratio. Despite promiscuous courtship behaviour, all assayed male seahorses were genetically monogamous in both laboratory and wild populations. Physiological limitations associated with embryo incubation may explain the absence of multiple mating in seahorses and may have played an important role in the development of the unique reproductive behaviour typical in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Wilson
- Zoological Museum, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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37
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Abstract
In recent years population genetics and phylogeographic studies have become increasingly valuable tools for inferring both historical and present-day genetic patterns within marine species. Here, we take a comparative approach to population-level study, analyzing original mitochondrial DNA data from 969 individuals representing 28 chiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) species to uncover large-scale genetic patterns along the Pacific coast of North America. The data reveal a distinct latitudinal connectivity gradient among chitons: species that exist at lower latitudes tend to have more isolated populations. This trend appears to be a product of between-species differences; within species, no significant gradient in connectivity is observed. Lower average annual sea surface temperatures are hypothesized to contribute to longer larval duration (and by extension, greater connectivity) among lecithotrophic species, providing a mechanism for the observed positive correlation between gene flow and latitude. Because increased isolation among populations may lead to speciation, a latitudinal trend in gene flow may contribute to the increased species diversity observed at lower latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Kelly
- Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, 10th Floor, Schermerhorn Extension, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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