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Yuan W, Pigliucci M, Richards CL. Rapid phenotypic differentiation in the iconic Japanese knotweed s.l. invading novel habitats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14640. [PMID: 38918411 PMCID: PMC11199593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie plant invasions is critical for management and conservation of biodiversity. At the same time, invasive species also provide a unique opportunity to study rapid adaptation to complex environmental conditions. Using four replicate reciprocal transplant experiments across three habitats, we described patterns of phenotypic response and assessed the degree of local adaptation in knotweed populations. We found plants from beach habitats were generally smaller than plants from marsh and roadside habitats when grown in their home habitat. In the marsh habitat, marsh plants were generally larger than beach plants, but not different from roadside plants. There were no differences among plants grown in the roadside habitat. We found mixed evidence for local adaptation: plants from the marsh habitat had greater biomass in their "home" sites, while plants from beaches and roadsides had greater survival in their "home" sites compared to other plants. In sum, we found phenotypic differentiation and some support for the hypothesis of rapid local adaptation of plants from beach, marsh and roadside habitats. Identifying whether these patterns of differentiation result from genetic or heritable non-genetic mechanisms will require further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Massimo Pigliucci
- Department of Philosophy, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina L Richards
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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2
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Iwanycki Ahlstrand N, Gopalakrishnan S, Vieira FG, Bieker VC, Meudt HM, Dunbar-Co S, Rothfels CJ, Martinez-Swatson KA, Maldonado C, Hassemer G, Shipunov A, Bowers MD, Gardner E, Xu M, Ghorbani A, Amano M, Grace OM, Pringle JS, Bishop M, Manzanilla V, Cotrim H, Blaney S, Zubov D, Choi HK, Yesil Y, Bennett B, Vimolmangkang S, El-Seedi HR, Staub PO, Li Z, Boldbaatar D, Hislop M, Caddy LJ, Muasya AM, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Gilbert MTP, Zerega NJC, Rønsted N. Travel Tales of a Worldwide Weed: Genomic Signatures of Plantago major L. Reveal Distinct Genotypic Groups With Links to Colonial Trade Routes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838166. [PMID: 35755675 PMCID: PMC9218338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retracing pathways of historical species introductions is fundamental to understanding the factors involved in the successful colonization and spread, centuries after a species' establishment in an introduced range. Numerous plants have been introduced to regions outside their native ranges both intentionally and accidentally by European voyagers and early colonists making transoceanic journeys; however, records are scarce to document this. We use genotyping-by-sequencing and genotype-likelihood methods on the selfing, global weed, Plantago major, collected from 50 populations worldwide to investigate how patterns of genomic diversity are distributed among populations of this global weed. Although genomic differentiation among populations is found to be low, we identify six unique genotype groups showing very little sign of admixture and low degree of outcrossing among them. We show that genotype groups are latitudinally restricted, and that more than one successful genotype colonized and spread into the introduced ranges. With the exception of New Zealand, only one genotype group is present in the Southern Hemisphere. Three of the most prevalent genotypes present in the native Eurasian range gave rise to introduced populations in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, which could lend support to the hypothesis that P. major was unknowlingly dispersed by early European colonists. Dispersal of multiple successful genotypes is a likely reason for success. Genomic signatures and phylogeographic methods can provide new perspectives on the drivers behind the historic introductions and the successful colonization of introduced species, contributing to our understanding of the role of genomic variation for successful establishment of introduced taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Filipe G. Vieira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa C. Bieker
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Heidi M. Meudt
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Carl J. Rothfels
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Carla Maldonado
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Alexey Shipunov
- Department of Biology, Minot University, Minot, ND, United States
| | - M. Deane Bowers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Elliot Gardner
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago, IL, United States
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Maonian Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Abdolbaset Ghorbani
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Makoto Amano
- Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Olwen M. Grace
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | | | - Madonna Bishop
- Memorial University Botanical Garden, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Helena Cotrim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sean Blaney
- Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | | | - Hong-Keun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suweon, South Korea
| | - Yeter Yesil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce Bennett
- Yukon Conservation Data Centre, Yukon Territory, YT, Canada
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter O. Staub
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Zhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Delgerbat Boldbaatar
- Department of Liver Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Laura J. Caddy
- Botanical Garden, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nyree J. C. Zerega
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago, IL, United States
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Tropical Botanic Garden, Kaua‘i, HI, United States
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3
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Pérez-Vargas I, Portero Álvarez AM, Pérez de Paz PL, PÉrez JA. Retrotransposon-based molecular markers as a tool in delimiting species in section Ryncholotus, a recent radiation group of Macaronesian Lotus. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1827076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pérez-Vargas
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Área de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ana M. Portero Álvarez
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Área de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Pérez de Paz
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Área de Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - JosÉ A. PÉrez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Área de Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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4
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Hock M, Hofmann R, Essl F, Pyšek P, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A. Native distribution characteristics rather than functional traits explain preadaptation of invasive species to high‐UV‐B environments. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hock
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany Kiel University Kiel Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Rainer Hofmann
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln University Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexandra Erfmeier
- Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany Kiel University Kiel Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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5
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Maung-Douglass K, Strong DR, Pennings SC. Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:623-634. [PMID: 31834631 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions offer model systems of contemporary evolution. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese plants were c. 15% taller, c. 10% denser, and set up to four times more seed than US plants in both the field and common garden. The common garden experiments showed a striking genetic cline of seven-fold greater seed set at higher latitudes in the introduced but not the native range. By contrast, there was a slight genetic cline in some vegetative traits in the native but not the introduced range. Our results are consistent with others showing that introduced plants can evolve rapidly in the new range. S. alterniflora has evolved different trait clines in the native and introduced ranges, showing the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic control of change during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Keith Maung-Douglass
- Coastal Sustainability Studio, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Donald R Strong
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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6
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Alzate A, Onstein RE, Etienne RS, Bonte D. The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alzate
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent Univ. Ghent Belgium
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Rampal S. Etienne
- Groningen Inst. for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Univ. of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent Univ. Ghent Belgium
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7
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Liu L, Pei C, Liu S, Guo X, Du N, Guo W. Genetic and epigenetic changes during the invasion of a cosmopolitan species ( Phragmites australis). Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6615-6624. [PMID: 30038761 PMCID: PMC6053550 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While many introduced invasive species can increase genetic diversity through multiple introductions and/or hybridization to colonize successfully in new environments, others with low genetic diversity have to persist by alternative mechanisms such as epigenetic variation. Given that Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan reed growing in a wide range of habitats and its invasion history, especially in North America, has been relatively well studied, it provides an ideal system for studying the role and relationship of genetic and epigenetic variation in biological invasions. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation-sensitive (MS) AFLP methods to evaluate genetic and epigenetic diversity and structure in groups of the common reed across its range in the world. Evidence from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on AFLP and MS-AFLP data supported the previous conclusion that the invasive introduced populations of P. australis in North America were from European and Mediterranean regions. In the Gulf Coast region, the introduced group harbored a high level of genetic variation relative to originating group from its native location, and it showed epigenetic diversity equal to that of the native group, if not higher, while the introduced group held lower genetic diversity than the native. In the Great Lakes region, the native group displayed very low genetic and epigenetic variation, and the introduced one showed slightly lower genetic and epigenetic diversity than the original one. Unexpectedly, AMOVA and principal component analysis did not demonstrate any epigenetic convergence between native and introduced groups before genetic convergence. Our results suggested that intertwined changes in genetic and epigenetic variation were involved in the invasion success in North America. Although our study did not provide strong evidence proving the importance of epigenetic variation prior to genetic, it implied the similar role of stable epigenetic diversity to genetic diversity in the adaptation of P. australis to local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversityCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Cuiping Pei
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversityCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shuna Liu
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversityCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and ForestryQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversityCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversityCollege of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina
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8
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Evidence for plasticity, but not local adaptation, in invasive Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) in North America. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Liu W, Strong DR, Pennings SC, Zhang Y. Provenance-by-environment interaction of reproductive traits in the invasion of Spartina alterniflora
in China. Ecology 2017; 98:1591-1599. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems; College of the Environment and Ecology; Xiamen University; Fujian 361102 China
| | - Donald R. Strong
- Section of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Steven C. Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas 77204 USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems; College of the Environment and Ecology; Xiamen University; Fujian 361102 China
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10
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Carleial S, van Kleunen M, Stift M. Small reductions in corolla size and pollen: ovule ratio, but no changes in flower shape in selfing populations of the North American Arabidopsis lyrata. Oecologia 2016; 183:401-413. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Shaik RS, Zhu X, Clements DR, Weston LA. Understanding invasion history and predicting invasive niches using genetic sequencing technology in Australia: case studies from Cucurbitaceae and Boraginaceae. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow030. [PMID: 27766152 PMCID: PMC5069847 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Part of the challenge in dealing with invasive plant species is that they seldom represent a uniform, static entity. Often, an accurate understanding of the history of plant introduction and knowledge of the real levels of genetic diversity present in species and populations of importance is lacking. Currently, the role of genetic diversity in promoting the successful establishment of invasive plants is not well defined. Genetic profiling of invasive plants should enhance our understanding of the dynamics of colonization in the invaded range. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have greatly facilitated the rapid and complete assessment of plant population genetics. Here, we apply our current understanding of the genetics and ecophysiology of plant invasions to recent work on Australian plant invaders from the Cucurbitaceae and Boraginaceae. The Cucurbitaceae study showed that both prickly paddy melon (Cucumis myriocarpus) and camel melon (Citrullus lanatus) were represented by only a single genotype in Australia, implying that each was probably introduced as a single introduction event. In contrast, a third invasive melon, Citrullus colocynthis, possessed a moderate level of genetic diversity in Australia and was potentially introduced to the continent at least twice. The Boraginaceae study demonstrated the value of comparing two similar congeneric species; one, Echium plantagineum, is highly invasive and genetically diverse, whereas the other, Echium vulgare, exhibits less genetic diversity and occupies a more limited ecological niche. Sequence analysis provided precise identification of invasive plant species, as well as information on genetic diversity and phylogeographic history. Improved sequencing technologies will continue to allow greater resolution of genetic relationships among invasive plant populations, thereby potentially improving our ability to predict the impact of these relationships upon future spread and better manage invaders possessing potentially diverse biotypes and exhibiting diverse breeding systems, life histories and invasion histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia S. Shaik
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - David R. Clements
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, CanadaV2Y 1Y1
| | - Leslie A. Weston
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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12
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Valtueña FJ, López J, Álvarez J, Rodríguez-Riaño T, Ortega-Olivencia A. Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual plant in the Canary Islands: a single recent colonization event or a more complex phylogeographic pattern? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4258-73. [PMID: 27386073 PMCID: PMC4930978 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have addressed evolution and phylogeography of plant taxa in oceanic islands, but have primarily focused on endemics because of the assumption that in widespread taxa the absence of morphological differentiation between island and mainland populations is due to recent colonization. In this paper, we studied the phylogeography of Scrophularia arguta, a widespread annual species, in an attempt to determine the number and spatiotemporal origins of dispersal events to Canary Islands. Four different regions, ITS and ETS from nDNA and psbA-trnH and psbJ-petA from cpDNA, were used to date divergence events within S. arguta lineages and determine the phylogenetic relationships among populations. A haplotype network was obtained to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. Our results support an ancient origin of S. arguta (Miocene) with expansion and genetic differentiation in the Pliocene coinciding with the aridification of northern Africa and the formation of the Mediterranean climate. Indeed, results indicate for Canary Islands three different events of colonization, including two ancient events that probably happened in the Pliocene and have originated the genetically most divergent populations into this species and, interestingly, a recent third event of colonization of Gran Canaria from mainland instead from the closest islands (Tenerife or Fuerteventura). In spite of the great genetic divergence among populations, it has not implied any morphological variation. Our work highlights the importance of nonendemic species to the genetic richness and conservation of island flora and the significance of the island populations of widespread taxa in the global biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josefa López
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Juan Álvarez
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Tomás Rodríguez-Riaño
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Ana Ortega-Olivencia
- Área de Botánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Extremadura 06006 Badajoz Spain
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13
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Puppo P, Curto M, Meimberg H. Genetic structure of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in Tenerife, the imprint of geological history and hybridization on within-island diversification. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3443-3460. [PMID: 28725348 PMCID: PMC5513284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Geological history of oceanic islands can have a profound effect on the evolutionary history of insular flora, especially in complex islands such as Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Tenerife results from the secondary connection of three paleo‐islands by a central volcano, and other geological events that further shaped it. This geological history has been shown to influence the phylogenetic history of several taxa, including genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae). Screening 15 microsatellite markers in 289 individuals representing the eight species of Micromeria present in Tenerife, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and structure of these species and its relation with the geological events on the island. In addition, we evaluate the extent of hybridization among species and discuss its influence on the speciation process. We found that the species restricted to the paleo‐islands present lower levels of genetic diversity but the highest levels of genetic differentiation suggesting that their ranges might have contracted over time. The two most widespread species in the island, M. hyssopifolia and M. varia, present the highest genetic diversity levels and a genetic structure that seems correlated with the geological composition of the island. Samples from M. hyssopifolia from the oldest paleo‐island, Adeje, appear as distinct while samples from M. varia segregate into two main clusters corresponding to the paleo‐islands of Anaga and Teno. Evidence of hybridization and intraspecific migration between species was found. We argue that species boundaries would be retained despite hybridization in response to the habitat's specific conditions causing postzygotic isolation and preserving morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Puppo
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Manuel Curto
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBio Associated Laboratory University of Porto Campus Vairão Vairão 4485-661 Portugal.,Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Harald Meimberg
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences A-1180 Vienna Austria
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14
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Strong genetic differentiation in the invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum across the Mojave–Great Basin ecological transition zone. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Puppo P, Curto M, Gusmão-Guedes J, Cochofel J, Pérez de Paz PL, Bräuchler C, Meimberg H. Molecular phylogenetics of Micromeria (Lamiaceae) in the Canary Islands, diversification and inter-island colonization patterns inferred from nuclear genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 89:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Barker NP, Paterson I, Howis S. “Barcoding” and ISSR data illuminate a problematic infraspecific taxonomy for Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Calenduleae; Asteraceae): Lessons for biocontrol of a noxious weed. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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The invasion of an Atlantic Ocean river basin in Patagonia by Chinook salmon: new insights from SNPs. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Zenni RD, Hoban SM. Loci under selection during multiple range expansions of an invasive plant are mostly population specific, but patterns are associated with climate. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3360-71. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D. Zenni
- Department of Ecology; University of Brasília; Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Sean M. Hoban
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; University of Tennessee; Suite 110A Knoxville TN USA
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Population genetics of invasive Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus colocynthis and Cucumis myriocarpus (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia: inferences based on chloroplast and nuclear gene sequencing. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Rius M, Turon X, Bernardi G, Volckaert FAM, Viard F. Marine invasion genetics: from spatio-temporal patterns to evolutionary outcomes. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Zenni RD, Lamy JB, Lamarque LJ, Porté AJ. Adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity during naturalization and spread of invasive species: implications for tree invasion biology. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Towards a transferable and cost-effective plant AFLP protocol. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61704. [PMID: 23613908 PMCID: PMC3628351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a powerful fingerprinting technique that is widely applied in ecological and population genetic studies. However, its routine use has been limited by high costs associated with the optimization of fluorescently labelled markers, especially for individual study systems. Here we develop a low-cost AFLP protocol that can be easily transferred between distantly related plant taxa. Three fluorescently labelled EcoRI-primers with anchors that target interspecifically conserved genomic regions were used in combination with a single non-labelled primer in our AFLP protocol. The protocol was used to genotype one gymnosperm, two monocot and three eudicot plant genera representing four invasive and four native angiosperm species (Pinus pinaster (Pinaceae), Pennisetum setaceum and Poa annua (Poaceae), Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), Bassia diffusa (Chenopodiaceae), Salvia lanceolata, Salvia africana-lutea, and Salvia africana-caerulea (Lamiaceae)). Highly polymorphic and reproducible genotypic fingerprints (between 37–144 polymorphic loci per species tested) were obtained for all taxa tested. Our single protocol was easily transferred between distantly related taxa. Measures of expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.139 to 0.196 for P. annua and from 0.168 to 0.272 for L. camara which compared well with previously published reports. In addition to ease of transferability of a single AFLP protocol, our protocol reduces costs associated with commercial kits by almost half. The use of highly conserved but abundant anchor sequences reduces the need for laborious screening for usable primers that result in polymorphic fingerprints, and appears to be the main reason for ease of transferability of our protocol between distantly related taxa.
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23
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Richards CL, Schrey AW, Pigliucci M. Invasion of diverse habitats by few Japanese knotweed genotypes is correlated with epigenetic differentiation. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:1016-25. [PMID: 22731923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of invasive species challenges our understanding of the process of adaptation. Given that the invasion process often entails population bottlenecks, it is surprising that many invasives appear to thrive even with low levels of sequence-based genetic variation. Using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation sensitive-AFLP (MS-AFLP) markers, we tested the hypothesis that differentiation of invasive Japanese knotweed in response to new habitats is more correlated with epigenetic variation than DNA sequence variation. We found that the relatively little genetic variation present was differentiated among species, with less differentiation among sites within species. In contrast, we found a great deal of epigenetic differentiation among sites within each species and evidence that some epigenetic loci may respond to local microhabitat conditions. Our findings indicate that epigenetic effects could contribute to phenotypic variation in genetically depauperate invasive populations. Deciphering whether differences in methylation patterns are the cause or effect of habitat differentiation will require manipulative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Richards
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33617, USA.
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24
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Harris CJ, Dormontt EE, Le Roux JJ, Lowe A, Leishman MR. No consistent association between changes in genetic diversity and adaptive responses of Australian acacias in novel ranges. Evol Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-012-9570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Eriksen RL, Desronvil T, Hierro JL, Kesseli R. Morphological differentiation in a common garden experiment among native and non-native specimens of the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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26
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Population genetic structure of Tunisian Hypericum humifusum assessed by RAPD markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Lachmuth S, Durka W, Schurr FM. Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens: the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:529-541. [PMID: 21736567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic differentiation in the competitive and reproductive ability of invading populations can result from genetic Allee effects or r/K selection at the local or range-wide scale. However, the neutral relatedness of populations may either mask or falsely suggest adaptation and genetic Allee effects. In a common-garden experiment, we investigated the competitive and reproductive ability of invasive Senecio inaequidens populations that vary in neutral genetic diversity, population age and field vegetation cover. To account for population relatedness, we analysed the experimental results with 'animal models' adopted from quantitative genetics. Consistent with adaptive r/K differentiation at local scales, we found that genotypes from low-competition environments invest more in reproduction and are more sensitive to competition. By contrast, apparent effects of large-scale r/K differentiation and apparent genetic Allee effects can largely be explained by neutral population relatedness. Invading populations should not be treated as homogeneous groups, as they may adapt quickly to small-scale environmental variation in the invaded range. Furthermore, neutral population differentiation may strongly influence invasion dynamics and should be accounted for in analyses of common-garden experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lachmuth
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, Potsdam, Germany.
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28
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García-Verdugo C, Forrest AD, Fay MF, Vargas P. The relevance of gene flow in metapopulation dynamics of an oceanic island endemic, Olea europaea subsp. guanchica. Evolution 2011; 64:3525-36. [PMID: 20666841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and empirical studies suggest that geographical isolation and extinction-recolonization dynamics are two factors causing strong genetic structure in metapopulations, but their consequences in species with high dispersal abilities have not been tested at large scales. Here, we investigated the effect of population age structure and isolation by distance in the patterns of genetic diversity in a wind-pollinated, zoochorous tree (Olea europaea subsp. guanchica) sporadically affected by volcanic events across the Canarian archipelago. Genetic variation was assessed at six nuclear microsatellites (nDNA) and six chloroplast fragments (cpDNA) in nine subpopulations sampled on four oceanic islands. Subpopulations occurring on more recent substrates were more differentiated than those on older substrates, but within-subpopulation genetic diversity was not significantly different between age groups for any type of marker. Isolation-by-distance differentiation was observed for nDNA but not for cpDNA, in agreement with other metapopulation studies. Contrary to the general trend for island systems, between-island differentiation was extremely low, and lower than differentiation between subpopulations on the same island. The pollen-to-seed ratio was close to one, two orders of magnitude lower than the average estimated for other wind-pollinated, animal-dispersed plants. Our results showed that population turnover and geographical isolation increased genetic differentiation relative to an island model at equilibrium, but overall genetic structure was unexpectedly weak for a species distributed among islands. This empirical study shows that extensive gene flow, particularly mediated by seeds, can ameliorate population subdivision resulting from extinction-recolonization dynamics and isolation by distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Verdugo
- Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 N. College Ave. Claremont, California 91711, USA.
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29
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Chun YJ, LE Corre V, Bretagnolle F. Adaptive divergence for a fitness-related trait among invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations in France. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1378-88. [PMID: 21306459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impact of natural selection on the adaptive divergence of invasive populations can be assessed by testing the null hypothesis that the extent of quantitative genetic differentiation (Q(ST) ) would be similar to that of neutral molecular differentiation (F(ST) ). Using eight microsatellite loci and a common garden approach, we compared Q(ST) and F(ST) among ten populations of an invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) in France. In a common garden study with varying water and nutrient levels, we measured Q(ST) for five traits (height, total biomass, reproductive allocation, above- to belowground biomass ratio, and days to flowering). Although low F(ST) indicated weak genetic structure and strong gene flow among populations, we found significant diversifying selection (Q(ST) > F(ST) ) for reproductive allocation that may be closely related to fitness. It suggests that abiotic conditions may have exerted selection pressure on A. artemisiifolia populations to differentiate adaptively, such that populations at higher altitude or latitude evolved greater reproductive allocation. As previous studies indicate multiple introductions from various source populations of A. artemisiifolia in North America, our results suggest that the admixture of introduced populations may have increased genetic diversity and additive genetic variance, and in turn, promoted the rapid evolution and adaptation of this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Chun
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Korea.
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30
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Lachmuth S, Durka W, Schurr FM. The making of a rapid plant invader: genetic diversity and differentiation in the native and invaded range of Senecio inaequidens. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3952-67. [PMID: 20854275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lachmuth
- University of Potsdam, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Potsdam, Germany.
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31
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Montarry J, Andrivon D, Glais I, Corbiere R, Mialdea G, Delmotte F. Microsatellite markers reveal two admixed genetic groups and an ongoing displacement within the French population of the invasive plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1965-77. [PMID: 20345671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Potato late blight is an example of a re-emerging disease of plants. Phytophthora infestans was first introduced into Europe during the 19th century, where it caused the Irish potato famine. During the 20th century several additional introduction events have been suspected, especially in the mid-70s due to the import of large quantities of potato needed after the shortage caused by drought in 1976. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of Phytophthora infestans, at the first stages of a recent invasion process in France. A total of 220 isolates was collected from 20 commercial fields of the potato susceptible cultivar Bintje, during two consecutive years (2004 and 2005). Clustering analyses based on eight recently developed microsatellite markers reveal that French P. infestans populations are made of two differentiated genetic clusters of isolates (F(ST) = 0.19). This result suggests multiple introductions of P. infestans into France, either through the introduction of a composite population of isolates or through the successive introduction of isolates having differentiated genetic backgrounds. Both clusters identified have a strong clonal structure and are similar regarding genetic diversity and mating type composition. The maintenance of differentiation between the two genetic clusters should result from the low or non-existent contribution of sexual reproduction in French P. infestans populations.
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32
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Gatenby RA, Brown J, Vincent T. Lessons from applied ecology: cancer control using an evolutionary double bind. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7499-502. [PMID: 19752088 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because the metastatic cascade is largely governed by the ability of malignant cells to adapt and proliferate at the distant tissue site, we propose that disseminated cancers are analogous in many important ways to the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of exotic species. Although pests can be decimated through the application of chemical toxins, this strategy virtually never achieves robust control as evolution of resistant phenotypes typically permits population recovery to pretreatment levels. In general, biological strategies that introduce predators, parasitoids, or pathogens have achieved more durable control of pest populations even after emergence of resistant phenotypes. From this we propose that long term outcome from any treatment strategy for invasive pests, including cancer, is not limited by evolution of resistance, but rather by the phenotypic cost of that resistance. If a cancerous cell's adaptation to therapy is achieved by upregulating xenobiotic metabolism or a redundant signaling pathway, the required investment in resources is small, and the original malignant phenotype remains essentially intact. As a result, the cancer cells' initial high level of fitness is little changed and unconstrained proliferation will resume once resistance evolves. Robust population control is possible if resistance to therapy requires a substantial and costly phenotypic adaptation that also significantly reduces the organism's fitness in its original niche: an evolutionary double bind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Gatenby
- Departments of Radiology and Integrative Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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33
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Olivieri I. Alternative mechanisms of range expansion are associated with different changes of evolutionary potential. Trends Ecol Evol 2009; 24:289-92. [PMID: 19409646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced and natural range expansion of species are expected to lead to different patterns of genetic diversity, which might themselves be trait dependent. Recent studies examined the molecular and quantitative genetic variation following the range expansion of three plant species. The results suggest that contrasting diversity patterns among species reflect how range expansion has occurred and the level of fragmentation of the original habitat. Unexpectedly, even introductions from a homogeneous environment do not preclude a species from adapting to a new environment and becoming invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Olivieri
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier 2, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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SCHLAEPFER DANIELR, EDWARDS PETERJ, WIDMER ALEX, BILLETER REGULA. Phylogeography of native ploidy levels and invasive tetraploids ofSolidago gigantea. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:5245-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Rosenthal DM, Ramakrishnan AP, Cruzan MB. Evidence for multiple sources of invasion and intraspecific hybridization in Brachypodium sylvaticum (Hudson) Beauv. in North America. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:4657-69. [PMID: 18627455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared the levels and distribution of genetic diversity in Eurasian and North American populations of Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv. (false brome), a newly invasive perennial bunchgrass in western North America. Our goals were to identify source regions for invasive populations, determine the number of independent invasion events, and assess the possibility that postinvasion bottlenecks and hybridization have affected patterns of genetic diversity in the invaded range. We tested the hypothesis that this Eurasian grass was accidentally introduced into two areas in Oregon and one site in California by examining nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast haplotype variation in 23 introduced and 25 native populations. In the invaded range, there was significantly lower allelic richness (R(S)), observed heterozygosity (H(O)) and within-population gene diversity (H(S)), although a formal test failed to detect a significant genetic bottleneck. Most of the genetic variation existed among populations in the native range but within populations in the invaded range. All of the allelic variation in the invaded range could be explained based on alleles found in western European populations. The distribution of identified genetic clusters in the North American populations and the unique alleles associated with them is consistent with two historical introductions in Oregon and a separate introduction to California. Further analyses of population structure indicate that intraspecific hybridization among genotypes from geographically distinct regions of western Europe occurred following colonization in Oregon. The California populations, however, are more likely to be derived from one or perhaps several genetically similar regions in the native range. The emergence and spread of novel recombinant genotypes may be facilitating the rapid spread of this invasive species in Oregon.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rosenthal
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA
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36
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Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Invading populations of an ornamental shrub show rapid life history evolution despite genetic bottlenecks. Ecol Lett 2008; 11:701-9. [PMID: 18410377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human-mediated species introductions offer opportunities to investigate when and how non-native species to adapt to novel environments, and whether evolution has the potential to contribute to colonization success. Many long-established introductions harbour high genetic diversity, raising the possibility that multiple introductions of genetic material catalyze adaptation and/or the evolution of invasiveness. Studies of nascent invasions are rare but crucial for understanding whether genetic diversity facilitates population expansion. We explore variation and evolution in founder populations of the invasive shrub Hypericum canariense. We find that these introductions have experienced large reductions in genetic diversity, but that increased growth and a latitudinal cline in flowering phenology have nevertheless evolved. These life history changes are consistent with predictions for invasive plants. Our results highlight the potential for even genetically depauperate founding populations to adapt and evolve invasive patters of spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Dlugosch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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37
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Ugelvig LV, Drijfhout FP, Kronauer DJC, Boomsma JJ, Pedersen JS, Cremer S. The introduction history of invasive garden ants in Europe: integrating genetic, chemical and behavioural approaches. BMC Biol 2008; 6:11. [PMID: 18302731 PMCID: PMC2292682 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus, is the most recently detected pest ant and the first known invasive ant able to become established and thrive in the temperate regions of Eurasia. In this study, we aim to reconstruct the invasion history of this ant in Europe analysing 14 populations with three complementary approaches: genetic microsatellite analysis, chemical analysis of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and behavioural observations of aggression behaviour. We evaluate the relative informative power of the three methodological approaches and estimate both the number of independent introduction events from a yet unknown native range somewhere in the Black Sea area, and the invasive potential of the existing introduced populations. Results Three clusters of genetically similar populations were detected, and all but one population had a similar chemical profile. Aggression between populations could be predicted from their genetic and chemical distance, and two major clusters of non-aggressive groups of populations were found. However, populations of L. neglectus did not separate into clear supercolonial associations, as is typical for other invasive ants. Conclusion The three methodological approaches gave consistent and complementary results. All joint evidence supports the inference that the 14 introduced populations of L. neglectus in Europe likely arose from only very few independent introductions from the native range, and that new infestations were typically started through introductions from other invasive populations. This indicates that existing introduced populations have a very high invasive potential when the ants are inadvertently spread by human transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line V Ugelvig
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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38
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Dlugosch KM, Parker IM. Founding events in species invasions: genetic variation, adaptive evolution, and the role of multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:431-49. [PMID: 17908213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1023] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species are predicted to suffer from reductions in genetic diversity during founding events, reducing adaptive potential. Integrating evidence from two literature reviews and two case studies, we address the following questions: How much genetic diversity is lost in invasions? Do multiple introductions ameliorate this loss? Is there evidence for loss of diversity in quantitative traits? Do invaders that have experienced strong bottlenecks show adaptive evolution? How do multiple introductions influence adaptation on a landscape scale? We reviewed studies of 80 species of animals, plants, and fungi that quantified nuclear molecular diversity within introduced and source populations. Overall, there were significant losses of both allelic richness and heterozygosity in introduced populations, and large gains in diversity were rare. Evidence for multiple introductions was associated with increased diversity, and allelic variation appeared to increase over long timescales (~100 years), suggesting a role for gene flow in augmenting diversity over the long-term. We then reviewed the literature on quantitative trait diversity and found that broad-sense variation rarely declines in introductions, but direct comparisons of additive variance were lacking. Our studies of Hypericum canariense invasions illustrate how populations with diminished diversity may still evolve rapidly. Given the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in successful invading populations and the potential for adaptive evolution in quantitative traits, we suggest that the disadvantages associated with founding events may have been overstated. However, our work on the successful invader Verbascum thapsus illustrates how multiple introductions may take time to commingle, instead persisting as a 'mosaic of maladaptation' where traits are not distributed in a pattern consistent with adaptation. We conclude that management limiting gene flow among introduced populations may reduce adaptive potential but is unlikely to prevent expansion or the evolution of novel invasive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Dlugosch
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
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