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Recuerda M, Carlos Illera J, Blanco G, Zardoya R, Milá B. Sequential colonization of oceanic archipelagos led to a species-level radiation in the common chaffinch complex (Aves: Fringilla coelebs). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 164:107291. [PMID: 34384903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos are excellent systems for studying speciation, yet inference of evolutionary process requires that the colonization history of island organisms be known with accuracy. Here, we used phylogenomics and patterns of genetic diversity to infer the sequence and timing of colonization of Macaronesia by mainland common chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs), and assessed whether colonization of the different archipelagos has resulted in a species-level radiation. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the complex we generated a molecular phylogeny based on genome-wide SNP loci obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing, we ran ancestral range biogeographic analyses, and assessed fine-scale genetic structure between and within archipelagos using admixture analysis. To test for a species-level radiation, we applied a probabilistic tree-based species delimitation method (mPTP) and an integrative taxonomy approach including phenotypic differences. Results revealed a circuitous colonization pathway in Macaronesia, from the mainland to the Azores, followed by Madeira, and finally the Canary Islands. The Azores showed surprisingly high genetic diversity, similar to that found on the mainland, and the other archipelagos showed the expected sequential loss of genetic diversity. Species delimitation methods supported the existence of several species within the complex. We conclude that the common chaffinch underwent a rapid radiation across Macaronesia that was driven by the sequential colonization of the different archipelagos, resulting in phenotypically and genetically distinct, independent evolutionary lineages. We recommend a taxonomic revision of the complex that takes into account its genetic and phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Recuerda
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC),Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Illera
- Biodiversity Research Unit (UO-CSIC-PA), Oviedo University, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC),Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Rafael Zardoya
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC),Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC),Madrid 28006, Spain
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2
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Phillips JG, Linscott TM, Rankin AM, Kraemer AC, Shoobs NF, Parent CE. Archipelago-Wide Patterns of Colonization and Speciation Among an Endemic Radiation of Galápagos Land Snails. J Hered 2021; 111:92-102. [PMID: 31841140 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly arrived species on young or remote islands are likely to encounter less predation and competition than source populations on continental landmasses. The associated ecological release might facilitate divergence and speciation as colonizing lineages fill previously unoccupied niche space. Characterizing the sequence and timing of colonization on islands represents the first step in determining the relative contributions of geographical isolation and ecological factors in lineage diversification. Herein, we use genome-scale data to estimate timing of colonization in Naesiotus snails to the Galápagos islands from mainland South America. We test inter-island patterns of colonization and within-island radiations to understand their contribution to community assembly. Partly contradicting previously published topologies, phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that most Naesiotus species form island-specific clades, with within-island speciation dominating cladogenesis. Galápagos Naesiotus also adhere to the island progression rule, with colonization proceeding from old to young islands and within-island diversification occurring earlier on older islands. Our work provides a framework for evaluating the contribution of colonization and in situ speciation to the diversity of other Galápagos lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - T Mason Linscott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew M Rankin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew C Kraemer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Nathaniel F Shoobs
- Department of Malacology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christine E Parent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow ID.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST), University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.,BEACON Center for Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI
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3
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Heads M, Grehan JR. The Galápagos Islands: biogeographic patterns and geology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1160-1185. [PMID: 33749122 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the region. However, recent work has shown that the Galápagos hotspot is 139 million years old (Early Cretaceous), and so groups are likely to have survived at the hotspot by dispersal of populations onto new islands from older ones. This process of metapopulation dynamics means that species can persist indefinitely in an oceanic region, as long as new islands are being produced. Metapopulations can also undergo vicariance into two metapopulations, for example at active island arcs that are rifted by transform faults. We reviewed the geographic relationships of Galápagos groups and found 10 biogeographic patterns that are shared by at least two groups. Each of the patterns coincides spatially with a major tectonic structure; these structures include: the East Pacific Rise; west Pacific and American subduction zones; large igneous plateaus in the Pacific; Alisitos terrane (Baja California), Guerrero terrane (western Mexico); rifting of North and South America; formation of the Caribbean Plateau by the Galápagos hotspot, and its eastward movement; accretion of Galápagos hotspot tracks; Andean uplift; and displacement on the Romeral fault system. All these geological features were active in the Cretaceous, suggesting that geological change at that time caused vicariance in widespread ancestors. The present distributions are explicable if ancestors survived as metapopulations occupying both the Galápagos hotspot and other regions before differentiating, more or less in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY, 14211-1293, U.S.A
| | - John R Grehan
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, 3215 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32611, U.S.A
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4
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Poulakakis N, Miller JM, Jensen EL, Beheregaray LB, Russello MA, Glaberman S, Boore J, Caccone A. Colonization history of Galapagos giant tortoises: Insights from mitogenomes support the progression rule. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Department of Biology School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklio Greece
- Natural History Museum of Crete School of Sciences and Engineering University of Crete Heraklio Greece
| | - Joshua M. Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Evelyn L. Jensen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | | | | | - Scott Glaberman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Jeffrey Boore
- Providence St. Joseph Health and Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven CT USA
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Zaher H, Yánez-Muñoz MH, Rodrigues MT, Graboski R, Machado FA, Altamirano-Benavides M, Bonatto SL, Grazziotin FG. Origin and hidden diversity within the poorly known Galápagos snake radiation (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1478910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Zaher
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
| | - Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Av. De los Shyris y Rumipamba 341, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Miguel T. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta Graboski
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Machado
- División de Mastozoología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” CONICET, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires (C1405DJR), Argentina
| | - Marco Altamirano-Benavides
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnológicas (INCYT), Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador, 9 de Octubre N25-12 y Colón, Quito, Ecuador
- Estación Científica Amazonica Juri-Juri Kawsay, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Av. América N23-41 y Mercadillo, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sandro L. Bonatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619--900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
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Morphological and Molecular Perspectives on the Phylogeny, Evolution, and Classification of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): Proceedings from the 2016 International Weevil Meeting. DIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 International Weevil Meeting was held immediately after the International Congress of Entomology (ICE). It built on the topics and content of the 2016 ICE weevil symposium Phylogeny and Evolution of Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): A Symposium in Honor of Dr. Guillermo "Willy” Kuschel. Beyond catalyzing research and collaboration, the meeting was intended to serve as a forum for identifying priorities and goals for those who study weevils. The meeting consisted of 46 invited and contributed lectures, discussion sessions and introductory remarks presented by 23 speakers along with eight contributed research posters. These were organized into three convened sessions, each lasting one day: (1) weevil morphology; (2) weevil fossils, biogeography and host/habitat associations; and (3) molecular phylogenetics and classification of weevils. Some of the topics covered included the 1K Weevils Project, major morphological character systems of adult and larval weevils, weevil morphological terminology, prospects for future morphological character discovery, phylogenetic analysis of morphological character data, the current status of weevil molecular phylogenetics and evolution, resources available for phylogenetic and comparative genomic studies of weevils, the weevil fossil record, weevil biogeography and evolution, weevil host plants, evolutionary development of the weevil rostrum, resources available for weevil identification and the current status of and challenges in weevil classification.
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Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analysis of Naupactus Dejean (Curculionidae: Entiminae) and Allied Genera: The Dilemma of Classification. DIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: Hotspots for inferences of evolutionary process. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 113:7986-93. [PMID: 27432948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601078113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote island archipelagos offer superb opportunities to study the evolution of community assembly because of their relatively young and simple communities where speciation contributes to the origin and evolution of community structure. There is great potential for common phylogeographic patterns among remote archipelagos that originate through hotspot volcanism, particularly when the islands formed are spatially isolated and linearly arranged. The progression rule is characterized by a phylogeographic concordance between island age and lineage age in a species radiation. Progression is most likely to arise when a species radiation begins on an older island before the emergence of younger islands of a hotspot archipelago. In the simplest form of progression, colonization of younger islands as they emerge and offer appropriate habitat, is coincident with cladogenesis. In this paper, we review recent discoveries of the progression rule on seven hotspot archipelagos. We then discuss advantages that progression offers to the study of community assembly, and insights that community dynamics may offer toward understanding the evolution of progression. We describe results from two compelling cases of progression where the mosaic genome may offer insights into contrasting demographic histories that shed light on mechanisms of speciation and progression on remote archipelagos.
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Where can introduced populations learn their tricks? Searching for the geographical source of a species introduction to the Galápagos archipelago. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Machado A, Rodríguez-Expósito E, López M, Hernández M. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Laparocerus, with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae). Zookeys 2017:1-77. [PMID: 28331386 PMCID: PMC5345357 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.651.10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The flightless Entiminae weevil genus Laparocerus is the species-richest genus, with 237 species and subspecies, inhabiting Macaronesia (Madeira archipelago, Selvagens, Canary Islands) and the continental 'Macaronesian enclave' in Morocco (one single polytypic species). This is the second contribution to gain insight of the genus and assist in its systematic revision with a mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. It centres on the Canarian clade, adding the 12S rRNA gene to the combined set of COII and 16S rRNA used in our first contribution on the Madeiran clade (here re-analysed). The nuclear 28S rRNA was also used to produce an additional 4-gene tree to check coherency with the 3-gene tree. A total of 225 taxa (95%) has been sequenced, mostly one individual per taxa. Plausible explanations for incoherent data (mitochondrial introgressions, admixture, incomplete lineage sorting, etc.) are discussed for each of the monophyletic subclades that are coincident with established subgenera, or are restructured or newly described. The overall mean genetic divergence (p-distance) among species is 8.2%; the mean divergence within groups (subgenera) ranks from 2.9 to 7.0% (average 4.6%), and between groups, from 5.4% to 12.0% (average 9.2%). A trustful radiation event within a young island (1.72 Ma) was used to calibrate and produce a chronogram using the software RelTime. These results confirm the monophyly of both the Madeiran (36 species and subspecies) and the Canarian (196 species and subspecies) clades, which originated ca. 11.2 Ma ago, and started to radiate in their respective archipelagos ca. 8.5 and 7.7 Ma ago. The Madeiran clade seems to have begun in Porto Santo, and from there it jumped to the Desertas and to Madeira, with additional radiations. The Canarian clade shows a sequential star-shape radiation process generating subclades with a clear shift from East to West in coherence with the decreasing age of the islands. Laparocerus garretai from the Selvagens belongs to a Canarian subclade, and Laparocerus susicus from Morocco does not represent the ancestral continental lineage, but a back-colonisation from the Canaries to Africa. Dispersal processes, colonisation patterns, and ecological remarks are amply discussed. Diversification has been adaptive as well as non-adaptive, and the role of 'geological turbulence' is highlighted as one of the principal drivers of intra-island allopatric speciation. Based on the phylogenetic results, morphological features and distribution, five new monophyletic subgenera are described: Aridotroxsubg. n., Belicariussubg. n., Bencomiussubg. n., Canariotroxsubg. n., and Purpuraniussubg. n., totalling twenty subgenera in Laparocerus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Expósito
- Chopin 1, 38208 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias
| | - Mercedes López
- Chopin 1, 38208 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias
| | - Mariano Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias; Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética. Universidad de La Laguna. Avda. Astrofisico Fco. Sánchez s/n 38207 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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11
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Model selection in statistical historical biogeography of Neotropical insects-The Exophthalmus genus complex (Curculionidae: Entiminae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:226-239. [PMID: 28057552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Statistical historical biogeographic methods rely on models that represent various biogeographic processes. Until recently model selection in this domain was not widely used, and the impact of differential model selection on inferring biogeographic scenarios was not well understood. Focusing on Neotropical weevils in the Exophthalmus genus complex (EGC) (Insecta: Curculionidae: Entiminae), we compare three commonly used biogeographic models - DIVA (Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis), DEC (Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis) and BayArea (Bayesian Analysis of Biogeography), and examine the impact of modeling founder-event jump dispersal on historical biogeographic reconstructions. We also investigate the biogeographic events that have shaped patterns of distribution, diversification, and endemism in this weevil lineage. We sample representatives of 65 species of the EGC and 26 outgroup terminals from the Neotropics, including Caribbean islands and the mainland. We reconstruct a molecular phylogeny based on six genes and apply molecular dating using a relaxed clock with three fossil calibration points. Historical biogeographic estimations and alternative biogeographic models are computed and compared with the R package BioGeoBEARS. Model selection strongly favors biogeographic models that include founder-event jump dispersal. Without modeling jump dispersal, estimations based on the three biogeographic models are dramatically different, especially for early-diverging nodes. When jump dispersal is included, the three biogeographic models perform similarly. Accordingly, we show that the Neotropical mainland was colonized by Caribbean species in the early Miocene, and that in situ diversification accounts for a majority (∼75%) of the biogeographic events in the EGC. Our study highlights the need to assess wide-ranging historical biogeographic processes - including founder-event jump dispersal - for best-fitting statistical Caribbean biogeographic reconstructions. Moreover, colonization of the Neotropical mainland from the Caribbean reinforces the notion that islands can be an important source of continental diversity.
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12
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Kleindorfer S, Dudaniec RY. Host-parasite ecology, behavior and genetics: a review of the introduced fly parasite Philornis downsi and its Darwin’s finch hosts. BMC ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-016-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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13
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Torres-Carvajal O, Rodríguez-Guerra A, Chaves JA. Present diversity of Galápagos leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae: Phyllodactylus) stems from three independent colonization events. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 103:1-5. [PMID: 27400628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We re-examined the biogeography of the leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus) endemic to the Galápagos Islands by analyzing for the first time samples of P. gilberti, a species endemic to Wolf island, in a phylogenetic framework. Our aim was to test the three-colonizations scenario previously proposed for these lizards and estimate the age of each colonization event. To achieve this we estimated simultaneously a species tree and divergence times with Bayesian methods. Our results supported the three-colonizations scenario. Similar to a previous hypothesis, the species tree obtained here showed that most species of Phyllodactylus are nested in a single clade with an age between 5.49 and 13.8Ma, whereas a second independent colonization corresponding to P. darwini from San Cristóbal island occurred 3.03Ma ago. The species from Wolf island, P. gilberti, stems from a more recent colonization event (0.69Ma). Thus, present diversity of Galápagos leaf-toed geckos stems from three independent, asynchronous colonization events. As with other Galápagos organisms, the Pacific coast of South America seems to be the source for the founders of P. gilberti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Guerra
- Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaime A Chaves
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales - Extensión Galápagos, Campus Cumbayá, Casilla Postal 17-1200-841, Quito, Ecuador
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14
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Exploring the legacy of goat grazing: signatures of habitat fragmentation on genetic patterns of endemic weevil populations in Northern Isabela Island, Galápagos (Ecuador). CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Carvalho JC, Cardoso P, Rigal F, Triantis KA, Borges PAV. Modeling directional spatio-temporal processes in island biogeography. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4671-82. [PMID: 26668731 PMCID: PMC4670066 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in island biogeography is to quantity the role of dispersal in shaping biodiversity patterns among the islands of a given archipelago. Here, we propose such a framework. Dispersal within oceanic archipelagos may be conceptualized as a spatio‐temporal process dependent on: (1) the spatial distribution of islands, because the probability of successful dispersal is inversely related to the spatial distance between islands and (2) the chronological sequence of island formation that determines the directional asymmetry of dispersal (hypothesized to be predominantly from older to younger islands). From these premises, directional network models may be constructed, representing putative connections among islands. These models may be translated to eigenfunctions in order to be incorporated into statistical analysis. The framework was tested with 12 datasets from the Hawaii, Azores, and Canaries. The explanatory power of directional network models for explaining species composition patterns, assessed by the Jaccard dissimilarity index, was compared with simpler time‐isolation models. The amount of variation explained by the network models ranged from 5.5% (for Coleoptera in Hawaii) to 60.2% (for Pteridophytes in Canary Islands). In relation to the four studied taxa, the variation explained by network models was higher for Pteridophytes in the three archipelagos. By the contrary, small fractions of explained variation were observed for Coleoptera (5.5%) and Araneae (8.6%) in Hawaii. Time‐isolation models were, in general, not statistical significant and explained less variation than the equivalent directional network models for all the datasets. Directional network models provide a way for evaluating the spatio‐temporal signature of species dispersal. The method allows building scenarios against which hypotheses about dispersal within archipelagos may be tested. The new framework may help to uncover the pathways via which species have colonized the islands of a given archipelago and to understand the origins of insular biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Carvalho
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Biology CBMA - Centre for Molecular and Environmental Biology University of Minho 4710-087 Braga Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - François Rigal
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
| | - Kostas A Triantis
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal ; Department of Ecology and Taxonomy Faculty of Biology National and Kapodistrian University Athens GR-15784 Greece ; Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Açores Portugal
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16
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Hendrickx F, Backeljau T, Dekoninck W, Van Belleghem SM, Vandomme V, Vangestel C. Persistent inter- and intraspecific gene exchange within a parallel radiation of caterpillar hunter beetles (Calosomasp.) from the Galápagos. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3107-21. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Hendrickx
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Evolutionary Ecology Group; Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium
| | - Wouter Dekoninck
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Viki Vandomme
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Carl Vangestel
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
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Geist DJ, Snell H, Snell H, Goddard C, Kurz MD. A Paleogeographic Model of the Galápagos Islands and Biogeographical and Evolutionary Implications. THE GALÁPAGOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118852538.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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18
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Bloom DD, Fikáček M, Short AEZ. Clade age and diversification rate variation explain disparity in species richness among water scavenger beetle (Hydrophilidae) lineages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98430. [PMID: 24887453 PMCID: PMC4041770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the disparity of species richness across the tree of life is one of the great challenges in evolutionary biology. Some lineages are exceptionally species rich, while others are relatively species poor. One explanation for heterogeneity among clade richness is that older clades are more species rich because they have had more time to accrue diversity than younger clades. Alternatively, disparity in species richness may be due to among-lineage diversification rate variation. Here we investigate diversification in water scavenger beetles (Hydrophilidae), which vary in species richness among major lineages by as much as 20 fold. Using a time-calibrated phylogeny and comparative methods, we test for a relationship between clade age and species richness and for shifts in diversification rate in hydrophilids. We detected a single diversification rate increase in Megasternini, a relatively young and species rich clade whose diversity might be explained by the stunning diversity of ecological niches occupied by this clade. We find that Amphiopini, an old clade, is significantly more species poor than expected, possibly due to its restricted geographic range. The remaining lineages show a correlation between species richness and clade age, suggesting that both clade age and variation in diversification rates explain the disparity in species richness in hydrophilids. We find little evidence that transitions between aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial habitats are linked to shifts in diversification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin D. Bloom
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Martin Fikáček
- Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew E. Z. Short
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
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19
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Mok HF, Stepien CC, Kaczmarek M, Albelo LR, Sequeira AS. Genetic status and timing of a weevil introduction to Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. J Hered 2014; 105:365-80. [PMID: 24399746 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful invasive species can overcome or circumvent the potential genetic loss caused by an introduction bottleneck through a rapid population expansion and admixture from multiple introductions. We explore the genetic makeup and the timing of a species introduction to Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos archipelago. We investigate the presence of processes that can maintain genetic diversity in populations of the broad-nosed weevil Galapaganus howdenae howdenae. Analyses of combined genotypes for 8 microsatellite loci showed evidence of past population size reductions through moment and likelihood-based estimators. No evidence of admixture through multiple introductions was found, but substantial current population sizes (N0 298, 95% credible limits 50-2300), genetic diversity comparable with long-established endemics (Mean number of alleles = 3.875), and lack of genetic structure across the introduced range (F ST = 0.01359) could suggest that foundations are in place for populations to rapidly recover any loss of genetic variability. The time estimates for the introduction into Santa Cruz support an accidental transfer during the colonization period (1832-1959) predating the spurt in human population growth. Our evaluation of the genetic status of G. h. howdenae suggests potential for population growth in addition to our field observations of a concurrent expansion in range and feeding preferences towards protected areas and endemic host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Fei Mok
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley
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20
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Depaquit J, Randrianambinintsoa FJ, Jaouadi K, Payard J, Bounamous A, Augot D, Krueger A, Brengues C, Couloux A, Robert V, Léger N. Molecular and morphological systematics of the sandfly Sergentomyia (Sintonius) clydei Sinton, 1928 and questions about its record in the Seychelles. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:41-53. [PMID: 24177594 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the Phlebotomine sandflies, a few molecular studies related on the genus Sergentomyia have been published. The present study explored the genetic variability within Sergentomyia (Sintonius) clydei (Diptera, Psychodidae). The sampling included 15 populations originating from 12 countries. A morphological approach was coupled to the sequencing of two molecular markers (cytochrome b mtDNA and cacophony nuclear DNA). The most variable morphological characters resided in the cibarium of the females, especially (i) the pigment patch pattern and (ii) the number of cibarial teeth and denticles in the armature. However this morphological approach was unable to individualize any population within S. clydei. The NJ trees based on both molecular markers individualized the specimens from the Aldabra group of islands in the Seychelles. Surprisingly, cyt b variability was not compatible with the known data about the complete submersion of Aldabra occurring relatively recently some 125,000 years ago. The settlement of these islands by S. clydei from continental Africa, the Middle East or Asia, and the value of mtDNA markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - F J Randrianambinintsoa
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France; MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - K Jaouadi
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (99UR/08-05), Département de Biologie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - J Payard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - A Bounamous
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelles et Matériaux, Institut des Sciences et de la Technologie, Centre Universitaire de Mila BP26 RP, 43000 Mila, Algeria
| | - D Augot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688 - USC "transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)", SFR Cap Santé, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France
| | - A Krueger
- Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Tropical Medicine Branch, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Brengues
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A Couloux
- Centre National de séquençage, Génoscope, 91000 Evry, France
| | - V Robert
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - N Léger
- 63, avenue Pierre Sémard, 94210 La Varenne Saint Hilaire, France
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21
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Kitson JJN, Warren BH, Vincent Florens FB, Baider C, Strasberg D, Emerson BC. Molecular characterization of trophic ecology within an island radiation of insect herbivores (Curculionidae: Entiminae:Cratopus). Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5441-55. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. N. Kitson
- School of Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ben H. Warren
- UMR PVMBT; Université de La Réunion - CIRAD; Ligne Paradis 97410 Saint Pierre La Réunion France
| | - F. B. Vincent Florens
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Claudia Baider
- The Mauritius Herbarium; Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Dominique Strasberg
- UMR PVBMT; Université de La Réunion - CIRAD; 97715 Saint-Denis La Réunion France
| | - Brent C. Emerson
- School of Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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22
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Rodriguero MS, Lanteri AA, Confalonieri VA. Speciation in the asexual realm: is the parthenogenetic weevil Naupactus cervinus a complex of species in statu nascendi? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 68:644-56. [PMID: 23623993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Population genetic theory shows that asexual organisms may evolve into species, which behave as independent evolutionary units. As a result, they form genotypic clusters separated by deep gaps due to geographic isolation and/or divergent selection. Identification of several genetically divergent groups of weevils embodied in the nominal species Naupactus cervinus deserves further study, in order to test if these lineages are evolving independently. In the present paper we tested if the parthenogenetic weevil N. cervinus, native to South America and broadly distributed throughout the world, contains more than one evolutionary unit. For this purpose, we applied three different approaches, a multilocus phylogenetic analysis, the GMYC approach and the K/θ method. We accomplished these analyses through a survey of mitochondrial (COI and COII genes) and nuclear (ITS1 sequence) genetic variation and morphometric analysis in a sample which included individuals from different locations within the native geographic range of N. cervinus. In addition, we compared the divergence accumulated in this species with that in another weevil of the same tribe (Naupactini) showing identical reproductive mode to see if similar levels of morphological variation matches similar levels of genetic divergence. We report the presence of two independent evolutionary units living in sympatry in forest areas. The incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear datasets analyzed herein reflects incomplete lineage sorting of the nuclear marker and different evolutionary rates between genomes. Ecological divergence driven by natural selection (sympatry) or secondary contact after geographic isolation (allopatry) might explain the deep gaps in mitochondrial phylogenies. Instead, Wolbachia infection was ruled out as a causal factor for such differentiation. We conclude that N. cervinus is probably a species complex with at least two well differentiated lineages that would represent a cluster of species in statu nascendi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rodriguero
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Sequeira AS, Stepien CC, Sijapati M, Roque Albelo L. Comparative genetic structure and demographic history in endemic galapagos weevils. J Hered 2012; 103:206-20. [PMID: 22174444 PMCID: PMC3283505 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of maintaining genetic diversity within populations can be exacerbated for island endemics if they display population dynamics and behavioral attributes that expose them to genetic drift without the benefits of gene flow. We assess patterns of the genetic structure and demographic history in 27 populations of 9 species of flightless endemic Galápagos weevils from 9 of the islands and 1 winged introduced close relative. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA reveals a significant population structure and moderately variable, though demographically stable, populations for lowland endemics (F(ST) = 0.094-0.541; π: 0.014-0.042; Mismatch P = 0.003-0.026; and D((Tajima)) = -0.601 to 1.203), in contrast to signals of past contractions and expansions in highland specialists on 2 islands (Mismatch P = 0.003-0.026 and D((Tajima)) = -0.601 to 1.203). We interpret this series of variable and highly structured population groups as a system of long-established, independently founded island units, where structuring could be a signal of microallopatric differentiation due to patchy host plant distribution and poor dispersal abilities. We suggest that the severe reduction and subsequent increase of a suitably moist habitat that accompanied past climatic variation could have contributed to the observed population fluctuations in highland specialists. We propose the future exploration of hybridization between the introduced and highland endemic species on Santa Cruz, especially given the expansion of the introduced species into the highlands, the sensitivity to past climatic variation detected in highland populations, and the potentially threatened state of single-island endemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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24
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Poulakakis N, Russello M, Geist D, Caccone A. Unravelling the peculiarities of island life: vicariance, dispersal and the diversification of the extinct and extant giant Galápagos tortoises. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:160-73. [PMID: 22098061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In isolated oceanic islands, colonization patterns are often interpreted as resulting from dispersal rather than vicariant events. Such inferences may not be appropriate when island associations change over time and new islands do not form in a simple linear trend. Further complexity in the phylogeography of ocean islands arises when dealing with endangered taxa as extinctions, uncertainty on the number of evolutionary 'units', and human activities can obscure the progression of colonization events. Here, we address these issues through a reconstruction of the evolutionary history of giant Galápagos tortoises, integrating DNA data from extinct and extant species with information on recent human activities and newly available geological data. Our results show that only three of the five extinct or nearly extinct species should be considered independent evolutionary units. Dispersal from mainland South America started at approximately 3.2 Ma after the emergence of the two oldest islands of San Cristobal and Española. Dispersal from older to younger islands began approximately 1.74 Ma and was followed by multiple colonizations from different sources within the archipelago. Vicariant events, spurred by island formation, coalescence, and separation, contributed to lineage diversifications on Pinzón and Floreana dating from 1.26 and 0.85 Ma. This work provides an example of how to reconstruct the history of endangered taxa in spite of extinctions and human-mediated dispersal events and highlights the need to take into account both vicariance and dispersal when dealing with organisms from islands whose associations are not simply explained by a linear emergence model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Molecular Systematics Lab, Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Iraklion, Crete.
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25
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Štefka J, Hoeck PEA, Keller LF, Smith VS. A hitchhikers guide to the Galápagos: co-phylogeography of Galápagos mockingbirds and their parasites. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:284. [PMID: 21966954 PMCID: PMC3209464 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parasites are evolutionary hitchhikers whose phylogenies often track the evolutionary history of their hosts. Incongruence in the evolutionary history of closely associated lineages can be explained through a variety of possible events including host switching and host independent speciation. However, in recently diverged lineages stochastic population processes, such as retention of ancestral polymorphism or secondary contact, can also explain discordant genealogies, even in fully co-speciating taxa. The relatively simple biogeographic arrangement of the Galápagos archipelago, compared with mainland biomes, provides a framework to identify stochastic and evolutionary informative components of genealogic data in these recently diverged organisms. Results Mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained for four species of Galápagos mockingbirds and three sympatric species of ectoparasites - two louse and one mite species. These data were complemented with nuclear EF1α sequences in selected samples of parasites and with information from microsatellite loci in the mockingbirds. Mitochondrial sequence data revealed differences in population genetic diversity between all taxa and varying degrees of topological congruence between host and parasite lineages. A very low level of genetic variability and lack of congruence was found in one of the louse parasites, which was excluded from subsequent joint analysis of mitochondrial data. The reconciled multi-species tree obtained from the analysis is congruent with both the nuclear data and the geological history of the islands. Conclusions The gene genealogies of Galápagos mockingbirds and two of their ectoparasites show strong phylogeographic correlations, with instances of incongruence mostly explained by ancestral genetic polymorphism. A third parasite genealogy shows low levels of genetic diversity and little evidence of co-phylogeny with their hosts. These differences can mostly be explained by variation in life-history characteristics, primarily host specificity and dispersal capabilities. We show that pooling genetic data from organisms living in close ecological association reveals a more accurate phylogeographic history for these taxa. Our results have implications for the conservation and taxonomy of Galápagos mockingbirds and their parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Štefka
- Entomology Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK.
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26
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STROSCIO STEFANIA, BAVIERA COSIMO, FRATI FRANCESCO, LO PARO GIUSEPPE, NARDI FRANCESCO. Colonization of the Aeolian Islands byPimelia rugulosa rugulosaGermar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) inferred from the genetic structure of populations: geological and environmental relations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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De Busschere C, Hendrickx F, Van Belleghem SM, Backeljau T, Lens L, Baert L. Parallel habitat specialization within the wolf spider genus Hogna from the Galápagos. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4029-45. [PMID: 20695996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Within most island archipelagos, such as the Galápagos, similar ecological gradients are found on geographically isolated islands. Species radiations in response to these ecological gradients may follow different scenarios being (i) a single habitat specialization event followed by secondary colonization of each ecotype on the different islands or (ii) repeated and parallel habitat specialization on each island separately. This latter scenario has been considered less likely as gene flow might hamper such ecotypic differentiation. At least for the Galápagos, the extent to which this process is involved in species radiations remains yet poorly understood. Within the wolf spider genus Hogna, seven species are described that can be divided into three different ecotypes based on general morphology and habitat preference i.e. species that inhabit the pampa vegetation in the highlands, species that occur in coastal dry habitats and one generalist species. Comparison of the species phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) gene fragment convincingly demonstrates that 'pampa' and 'coastal dry' species evolved in parallel on the islands Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal. Despite the observation that allozymes analysis indicated that each species forms a distinct genetic cluster, phylogenetic divergence within these species complexes was very low and paraphyletic and most likely due to hybridization rather than incomplete lineage sorting, as demonstrated for the Santa Cruz species complex. This suggests that within-island speciation occurred under low levels of gene flow. Species phylogeny in general did not follow the progression of island emergence as a molecular clock analysis suggested that island endemic species may have diverged after as well as before the emergence of the islands. This represents the first clear example of parallel and within-island speciation because of habitat specialization on the Galápagos and that such divergence most likely occurred under historic gene flow.
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28
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Kisel Y, Barraclough T. Speciation Has a Spatial Scale That Depends on Levels of Gene Flow. Am Nat 2010; 175:316-34. [DOI: 10.1086/650369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Steinfartz S, Glaberman S, Lanterbecq D, Russello MA, Rosa S, Hanley TC, Marquez C, Snell HL, Snell HM, Gentile G, Dell'Olmo G, Powell AM, Caccone A. Progressive colonization and restricted gene flow shape island-dependent population structure in Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus). BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:297. [PMID: 20028547 PMCID: PMC2807874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) inhabit the coastlines of large and small islands throughout the Galápagos archipelago, providing a rich system to study the spatial and temporal factors influencing the phylogeographic distribution and population structure of a species. Here, we analyze the microevolution of marine iguanas using the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) as well as 13 microsatellite loci representing more than 1200 individuals from 13 islands. RESULTS CR data show that marine iguanas occupy three general clades: one that is widely distributed across the northern archipelago, and likely spread from east to west by way of the South Equatorial current, a second that is found mostly on the older eastern and central islands, and a third that is limited to the younger northern and western islands. Generally, the CR haplotype distribution pattern supports the colonization of the archipelago from the older, eastern islands to the younger, western islands. However, there are also signatures of recurrent, historical gene flow between islands after population establishment. Bayesian cluster analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicates the existence of twenty distinct genetic clusters generally following a one-cluster-per-island pattern. However, two well-differentiated clusters were found on the easternmost island of San Cristóbal, while nine distinct and highly intermixed clusters were found on youngest, westernmost islands of Isabela and Fernandina. High mtDNA and microsatellite genetic diversity were observed for populations on Isabela and Fernandina that may be the result of a recent population expansion and founder events from multiple sources. CONCLUSIONS While a past genetic study based on pure FST analysis suggested that marine iguana populations display high levels of nuclear (but not mitochondrial) gene flow due to male-biased dispersal, the results of our sex-biased dispersal tests and the finding of strong genetic differentiation between islands do not support this view. Therefore, our study is a nice example of how recently developed analytical tools such as Bayesian clustering analysis and DNA sequence-based demographic analyses can overcome potential biases introduced by simply relying on FST estimates from markers with different inheritance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steinfartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies - Molecular Systematics and Conservation Genetics Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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To speciate, or not to speciate? Resource heterogeneity, the subjectivity of similarity, and the macroevolutionary consequences of niche-width shifts in plant-feeding insects. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2009; 85:393-411. [PMID: 20002390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coevolutionary studies on plants and plant-feeding insects have significantly improved our understanding of the role of niche shifts in the generation of new species. Evolving plant lineages essentially constitute moving islands and archipelagoes in resource space, and host shifts by insects are usually preceded by colonizations of novel resources. Critical to hypotheses concerning ecological speciation is what happens immediately before and after colonization attempts: if an available plant is too similar to the current host(s), it simply will be incorporated into the existing diet, but if it is too different, it will not be colonized in the first place. It thus seems that the probability of speciation is maximized when alternative hosts are at an 'intermediate' distance in resource space. In this review, I wish to highlight the possibility that resource similarity and, thus, the definition of 'intermediate', are subjective concepts that depend on the herbivore lineage's tolerance to dietary variation. This subjectivity of similarity means that changes in tolerance can either decrease or increase speciation probabilities depending on the distribution of plants in resource space: insect lineages with narrow tolerances are likely to speciate by 'island-hopping' on young, species-rich plant groups, whereas more generalized lineages could speciate by shifting among resource archipelagoes formed by higher plant taxa. Repeated and convergent origins of traits known to broaden or to restrict host-plant use in multiple different insect groups provide opportunities for studying how tolerance and resource heterogeneity may interact to determine speciation rates.
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Benavides E, Baum R, Snell HM, Snell HL, Sites JW. Island biogeography of Galápagos lava lizards (Tropiduridae: Microlophus): species diversity and colonization of the archipelago. Evolution 2009; 63:1606-26. [PMID: 19154379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The "lava lizards" (Microlophus) are distributed throughout the Galápagos Archipelago, and consist of radiations derived from two independent colonizations. The "Eastern Radiation" includes M. bivittatus and M. habeli endemic to San Cristobal and Marchena Islands. The "Western Radiation" includes five to seven historically recognized species distributed across almost the entire Archipelago. We combine dense geographic sampling and multilocus sequence data to estimate a phylogenetic hypothesis for the Western Radiation, to delimit species boundaries in this radiation, and to estimate a time frame for colonization events. Our phylogenetic hypothesis rejects two earlier topologies for the Western Radiation and paraphyly of M. albemarlensis, while providing strong support for single colonizations on each island. The colonization history implied by our phylogeny is consistent with general expectations of an east-to-west route predicted by the putative age of island groups, and prevailing ocean currents in the Archipelago. Additionally, combined evidence suggests that M. indefatigabilis from Santa Fe should be recognized as a full species. Finally, molecular divergence estimates suggest that the two colonization events likely occurred on the oldest existing islands, and the Western Radiation represents a recent radiation that, in most cases, has produced species that are considerably younger than the islands they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Benavides
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA.
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Schmitz P, Cibois A, Landry B. Cryptic differentiation in the endemic micromoth Galagete darwini (Lepidoptera, Autostichidae) on Galápagos volcanoes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3453-8. [PMID: 18765358 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the early stages of speciation, we reconstructed a DNA-based phylogeny, using combined mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II: 1008 bp) and nuclear (elongation factor 1-alpha and wingless: 1062 bp) markers of populations of the moth Galagete darwini endemic to the Galápagos, which belongs to an insular radiation similar in size to that of Darwin's finches. Adults of G. darwini were collected in the arid lowlands of 11 of the Galápagos Islands (Baltra, Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Pinta, Pinzón, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, Santiago and Seymour) and the humid highlands of a subset of 5 of them (Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Santa Cruz and Santiago). The combined phylogeographic analysis surprisingly revealed that G. darwini populations at higher elevation on the western islands (Fernandina, Isabela and Santiago) represent a distinct lineage from the one in the low arid zones of these same islands. This is the first reported case in the archipelago of genetic cryptic differentiation correlated with elevation on the western Galápagos volcanoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schmitz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Parent CE, Caccone A, Petren K. Colonization and diversification of Galápagos terrestrial fauna: a phylogenetic and biogeographical synthesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3347-61. [PMID: 18782729 PMCID: PMC2607378 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote oceanic islands have long been recognized as natural models for the study of evolutionary processes involved in diversification. Their remoteness provides opportunities for isolation and divergence of populations, which make islands remarkable settings for the study of diversification. Groups of islands may share a relatively similar geological history and comparable climate, but their inhabitants experience subtly different environments and have distinct evolutionary histories, offering the potential for comparative studies. A range of organisms have colonized the Galápagos Islands, and various lineages have radiated throughout the archipelago to form unique assemblages. This review pays particular attention to molecular phylogenetic studies of Galápagos terrestrial fauna. We find that most of the Galápagos terrestrial fauna have diversified in parallel to the geological formation of the islands. Lineages have occasionally diversified within islands, and the clearest cases occur in taxa with very low vagility and on large islands with diverse habitats. Ecology and habitat specialization appear to be critical in speciation both within and between islands. Although the number of phylogenetic studies is continuously increasing, studies of natural history, ecology, evolution and behaviour are essential to completely reveal how diversification proceeded on these islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Parent
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada.
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Sequeira AS, Sijapati M, Lanteri AA, Roque Albelo L. Nuclear and mitochondrial sequences confirm complex colonization patterns and clear species boundaries for flightless weevils in the Galápagos archipelago. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:3439-51. [PMID: 18765362 PMCID: PMC2607370 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear sequence data were collected from endemic Galápagos species and an introduced close relative, and contrasted with mitochondrial DNA sequences, continuing investigation into the colonization history and modes of diversification in the weevil genus Galapaganus. The current combined phylogeny together with previously published penalized likelihood age estimates builds a complex picture of the archipelago's colonization history. The present reconstruction relies on submerged platforms to explain the early divergence of the young southern Isabela endemics or the Española or San Cristobal populations. Diversity is later built through inter-island divergence starting on older islands and continuing on two simultaneous tracks towards younger islands. The amount of diversity generated through intra-island processes is skewed towards older islands, suggesting that island age significantly influences diversity. Phylogenetic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial datasets and well-supported monophyletic species in mitochondrial derived topologies appear to reject the possibility of inter-species hybridization. These clear species boundaries might be related to the tight host associations of adult weevils in discrete ecological zones. If shared hosts facilitate hybridization, then host- or habitat-promoted divergences could prevent it, even in the case of species that share islands, since the altitudinal partitioning of habitats minimizes range overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA.
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