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Haider M, Schilling MP, Moest MH, Steiner FM, Schlick‐Steiner BC, Arthofer W. Evolutionary history of an Alpine Archaeognath ( Machilis pallida): Insights from different variant. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10227. [PMID: 37404697 PMCID: PMC10316371 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of species histories is a central aspect of evolutionary biology. Patterns of genetic variation within and among populations can be leveraged to elucidate evolutionary processes and demographic histories. However, interpreting genetic signatures and unraveling the contributing processes can be challenging, in particular for non-model organisms with complex reproductive modes and genome organization. One way forward is the combined consideration of patterns revealed by different molecular markers (nuclear vs. mitochondrial) and types of variants (common vs. rare) that differ in their age, mode, and rate of evolution. Here, we applied this approach to RNAseq data generated for Machilis pallida (Archaeognatha), an Alpine jumping bristletail considered parthenogenetic and triploid. We generated de novo transcriptome and mitochondrial assemblies to obtain high-density data to investigate patterns of mitochondrial and common and rare nuclear variation in 17 M. pallida individuals sampled from all known populations. We find that the different variant types capture distinct aspects of the evolutionary history and discuss the observed patterns in the context of parthenogenesis, polyploidy, and survival during glaciation. This study highlights the potential of different variant types to gain insights into evolutionary scenarios even from challenging but often available data and the suitability of M. pallida and the genus Machilis as a study system for the evolution of sexual strategies and polyploidization during environmental change. We also emphasize the need for further research which will be stimulated and facilitated by these newly generated resources and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Haider
- Department of Ecology, Molecular Ecology GroupUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Martin P. Schilling
- Department of Ecology, Molecular Ecology GroupUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Markus H. Moest
- Department of Ecology, Molecular Ecology GroupUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Florian M. Steiner
- Department of Ecology, Molecular Ecology GroupUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Department of Ecology, Molecular Ecology GroupUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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2
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Smyčka J, Roquet C, Boleda M, Alberti A, Boyer F, Douzet R, Perrier C, Rome M, Valay JG, Denoeud F, Šemberová K, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W, Wincker P, Alsos IG, Coissac E, Lavergne S. Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2750. [PMID: 35585056 PMCID: PMC9117672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras. Here, the authors use full-plastome phylogenomics and multiclade comparative models to reconstruct the tempo and drivers of six European Alpine angiosperm lineages before and during the Pleistocene. They find that geographic divergence and bedrock shifts drive speciation events, while diversification rates remained steady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smyčka
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France.,Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Boleda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), FR-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolland Douzet
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Perrier
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - France Denoeud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Kristýna Šemberová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Inger G Alsos
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Coissac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
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3
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Yeh WB, Tsai CL, Pham TH, Wu S, Chang CW, Bui HM. Differentiation patterns of emperor moths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Saturniinae) of a continental island: divergent evolutionary history driven by Pleistocene glaciations. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13240. [PMID: 35462756 PMCID: PMC9022646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background On the basis of molecular dating, Pleistocene glaciations have been proposed as the major driving force of biota speciation in the Palearctic and the pre-Quaternary origin of Amazonian taxa. However, the major driving factors in East Asia remain unclear. All 16 saturniine species inhabiting Taiwan with congeners of populations, subspecies, or species in East Asia constitute research objects for addressing the mode of speciation because of the repeated formation and disappearance of a landbridge from the Asian mainland to Taiwan during glacial cycles. Methods The genetic divergences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rDNA and the nuclear 28S rDNA of the saturniine species from Taiwan and the Asian mainland were assessed to determine the monophyly of each genus and species of Saturniinae. Moreover, 519 saturniine COI sequences of 114 taxa from adjacent East and Southeast Asian populations and closely related species were retrieved from GenBank and analyzed. The differentiation timing and possible origination of the insular saturniines were elucidated based on phylogenetic relationships, haplotype networks, and lineage calibrations. Results Approximately 90% of intraspecific COI divergence was <2%; all divergences exceeding 2% originated from comparisons between allopatric populations or subspecies. Relationship analyses revealed that multiple introductions likely occurred in insular saturniines and that some East Asian saturniines were paraphyletic as deduced by analyzing endemic insular species. Calibration dating revealed that Taiwanese endemic saturniines split from sibling Asian species 0.2-2.7 million years ago (Mya), whereas subspecific-level and population-level splitting events occurred 0.1-1.7 Mya and 0.2-1.2 Mya, respectively. Moreover, phylogenetic patterns combined with geographical distributions revealed that hill-distributed Taiwanese saturniines are closely related to those from southern China and Southeast Asia, whereas saturniines inhabiting altitudes higher than 1,500 m in Taiwan have siblings distributed in temperate Northeast Asia. Discussion The Global DNA Barcoding Initiative was successfully applied to study the population genetic structure in species. Most Formosan saturniines are distinct and monophyletic, reflecting the vicariant barrier of the Taiwan Strait; Pleistocene glacial cycles provided opportunities for insular saturniines to experience repeated isolation from and secondary contact with the continental mainland. Each insular saturniine may have evolved with a unique differentiation timing pattern that possibly emerged in the Early, Middle, or Late Pleistocene with these patterns differing from the consistent pattern that occurred in the temperate Palearctic and tropical Amazonian regions. Moreover, multiple migrations or artificial genetic admixtures may have also occurred, as suggested by the coexistence of two divergent lineages in a few Taiwanese saturniines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Tsai
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Hong Pham
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature and Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam,Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Shipher Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Minh Bui
- Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Hagberg L, Celemín E, Irisarri I, Hawlitschek O, Bella JL, Mott T, Pereira RJ. Extensive introgression at late stages of species formation: Insights from grasshopper hybrid zones. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2384-2399. [PMID: 35191134 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The process of species formation is characterised by the accumulation of multiple reproductive barriers. The evolution of hybrid male sterility, or Haldane's rule, typically characterises later stages of species formation, when reproductive isolation is strongest. Yet, understanding how quickly reproductive barriers evolve and their consequences for maintaining genetic boundaries between emerging species remains a challenging task because it requires studying taxa that hybridise in nature. Here, we address these questions using the meadow grasshopper Pseudochorthippus parallelus, where populations that show multiple reproductive barriers, including hybrid male sterility, hybridise in two natural hybrid zones. Using mitochondrial data, we infer that such populations have diverged some 100,000 years ago, at the beginning of the last glacial cycle in Europe. Nuclear data shows that contractions at multiple glacial refugia, and post-glacial expansions have facilitated genetic differentiation between lineages that today interact in hybrid zones. We find extensive introgression throughout the sampled species range, irrespective of current strength of reproductive isolation. Populations exhibiting hybrid male sterility in two hybrid zones show repeatable patterns of genomic differentiation, consistent with shared genomic constraints affecting ancestral divergence or with the role of those regions in reproductive isolation. Together, our results suggest that reproductive barriers that characterise late stages of species formation can evolve relatively quickly, particularly when associated with strong demographic changes. Moreover, we show that such barriers persist in the face of extensive gene flow, allowing future studies to identify associated genomic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hagberg
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Enrique Celemín
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- University of Goettingen, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Goldschmidtstr. 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hawlitschek
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Zoologische Staatssammlung (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - José L Bella
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamí Mott
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-900, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Pereira
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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5
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Fleming KJ, Schaefer JA, Abraham KF, Smith MA, Beresford DV. Evidence for passive dispersal of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Nearctic boreal forest. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1872265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J. Fleming
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth F. Abraham
- Wildlife Research and Development Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Canada
| | - M. Alex Smith
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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6
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Weng YM, Kavanaugh DH, Schoville SD. Drainage basins serve as multiple glacial refugia for alpine habitats in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:826-843. [PMID: 33270315 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary histories of alpine species are often directly associated with responses to glaciation. Deep divergence among populations and complex patterns of genetic variation have been inferred as consequences of persistence within glacier boundaries (i.e., on nunataks), while shallow divergence and limited genetic variation are assumed to result from expansion from large refugia at the edge of ice shields (i.e., massifs de refuge). However, for some species, dependence on specific microhabitats could profoundly influence their spatial and demographic response to glaciation, and such a simple dichotomy may obscure the localization of actual refugia. In this study, we use the Nebria ingens complex (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a water-affiliated ground beetle lineage, to test how drainage basins are linked to their observed population structure. By analysing mitochondrial COI gene sequences and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms, we find that the major drainage systems of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California best explain the population structure of the N. ingens complex. In addition, we find that an intermediate morphotype within the N. ingens complex is the product of historical hybridization of N. riversi and N. ingens in the San Joaquin basin during glaciation. This study highlights the importance of considering ecological preferences in how species respond to climate fluctuations and provides an explanation for discordances that are often observed in comparative phylogeographical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Weng
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H Kavanaugh
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Möst MH, Donabauer M, Arthofer W, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. Towards an evolutionary history of European-Alpine Trechus ground beetles: Species groups and wing reduction. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 149:106822. [PMID: 32294546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of flight triggered the rise of pterygote insects, but secondary flightlessness has evolved numerous times and is often associated with reduced gene flow among populations and patterns of diversification. With 85 species most of which are wing reduced, the ground beetle genus Trechus in the European Alps may be one such example. Here, we reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using 72 of these species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences as a basis for reconstructing their evolutionary history. We rearranged the species into 20 monophyletic species groups, of which five are novel and 15 were already established but with different species allocated. Wing measurements revealed a strong tendency for wing reduction but also variation within and among species, with the few fully-winged species distributed across multiple species groups containing also wing-reduced species. Using character mapping and phylogenetic independent contrasts, we found that neither distribution area, body size, pigmentation, elevational zone, nor hygrophily explained wing status in our sample. Assessing five completely sampled clades, we inferred that each of their ancestors had most likely already been wing reduced. We discuss putative scenarios explaining this pattern and the presence of wing polymorphism across the phylogeny. One plausible scenario would be an already wing-reduced last common ancestor of all Trechus species and multiple regains of full wing length via back mutation and/or hybridisation. Alternatively and possibly more likely, the ancestors were either fully winged, with subsequent rapid and repeated wing reduction explaining the current wing-status pattern, or polymorphic, with long-term polymorphism or reselection acting on standing genetic variation explaining the recent fully-winged species. Either way, Trechus ground beetles are a promising, taxonomically and ecologically diverse system for studying the evolution of flightlessness. Areas for future research include morphological assessment of flight muscles, functional analysis of flight capability, and exploration of the mechanistic and genetic bases of wing and flight evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Möst
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Florian M Steiner
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Pan D, Hülber K, Willner W, Schneeweiss GM. An explicit test of Pleistocene survival in peripheral versus nunatak refugia in two high mountain plant species. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:172-183. [PMID: 31765501 PMCID: PMC7003806 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pleistocene climate fluctuations had profound influence on the biogeographical history of many biota. As large areas in high mountain ranges were covered by glaciers, biota were forced either to peripheral refugia (and possibly beyond to lowland refugia) or to interior refugia (nunataks). However, nunatak survival remains controversial as it relies solely on correlative genetic evidence. Here, we test hypotheses of glacial survival using two high alpine plant species (the insect‐pollinated Pedicularis asplenifolia and wind‐pollinated Carex fuliginosa) in the European Alps. Employing the iDDC (integrative Distributional, Demographic and Coalescent) approach, which couples species distribution modelling, spatial and temporal demographic simulation and Approximate Bayesian Computation, we explicitly test three hypotheses of glacial survival: (a) peripheral survival only, (b) nunatak survival only and (c) peripheral plus nunatak survival. In P. asplenifolia the peripheral plus nunatak survival hypothesis was supported by Bayes factors (BF> 100), whereas in C. fuliginosa the peripheral survival only hypothesis, although best supported, could not be unambiguously distinguished from the peripheral plus nunatak survival hypothesis (BF = 5.58). These results are consistent with current habitat preferences (P. asplenifolia extends to higher elevations) and the potential for genetic swamping (i.e., replacement of local genotypes via hybridization with immigrating genotypes [expected to be higher in the wind‐pollinated C. fuliginosa]). Although the persistence of plants on nunataks during glacial periods has been debated and studied over decades, this is one of the first studies to explicitly test the hypothesis instead of solely using correlative evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Pan
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Willner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald M Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Brunetti M, Magoga G, Iannella M, Biondi M, Montagna M. Phylogeography and species distribution modelling of Cryptocephalusbarii (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): is this alpine endemic species close to extinction? Zookeys 2019; 856:3-25. [PMID: 31293347 PMCID: PMC6603993 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.856.32462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The alternation of glacial and interglacial cycles of the Quaternary period contributed in shaping the current species distribution. Cold-adapted organisms experienced range expansion and contraction in response to the temperature decrease and increase, respectively. In this study, a fragment of the mitochondrial marker COI was used to investigate the phylogeography of Cryptocephalusbarii, a cold-adapted alpine leaf beetle species endemic of Orobie Alps, northern Italy. The relationships among populations, their divergence time, and the most probable migration model were estimated and are discussed in light of the Pleistocene climate oscillations. Through a species distribution modelling analysis, the current habitat suitability was assessed and the distribution in a future global warming scenario predicted. The main divergence events that led to the actual population structure took place from ~750,000 to ~150,000 years ago, almost following the pattern of the climate oscillations that led to the increase of the connections between the populations during cold periods and the isolation on massifs in warm periods. The most supported migration model suggests that the species survived to past adverse climatic conditions within refugia inside and at the limit of the actual range. The species distribution modelling analysis showed that C.barii is extremely sensitive to air temperature variations, thus the increase of temperature caused by global warming will reduce the suitable areas within the species range, leading to its possible extinction in the next 50 years. Cryptocephalusbarii is a representative case of how cold adapted and limited distributed species have been and could be affected by climate change, that highlights the implementation of conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Giulia Magoga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | - Mattia Iannella
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, Sanità pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, Italy Università degli Studi dell'Aquila Coppito Italy
| | - Maurizio Biondi
- Dipartimento di Medicina clinica, Sanità pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, Italy Università degli Studi dell'Aquila Coppito Italy
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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10
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Hu G, Hua Y, Hebert PDN, Hua B. Evolutionary history of the scorpionfly
Dicerapanorpa magna
(Mecoptera, Panorpidae). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management Ministry of Education College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Yuan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management Ministry of Education College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Bao‐Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management Ministry of Education College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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11
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Mehta RS, Rosenberg NA. The probability of reciprocal monophyly of gene lineages in three and four species. Theor Popul Biol 2018; 129:133-147. [PMID: 29729946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal monophyly, a feature of a genealogy in which multiple groups of descendant lineages each consist of all of the descendants of their respective most recent common ancestors, has been an important concept in studies of species delimitation, phylogeography, population history reconstruction, systematics, and conservation. Computations involving the probability that reciprocal monophyly is observed in a genealogy have played a key role in criteria for defining taxonomic groups and inferring divergence times. The probability of reciprocal monophyly under a coalescent model of population divergence has been studied in detail for groups of gene lineages for pairs of species. Here, we extend this computation to generate corresponding probabilities for sets of gene lineages from three and four species. We study the effects of model parameters on the probability of reciprocal monophyly, finding that it is driven primarily by species tree height, with lesser but still substantial influences of internal branch lengths and sample sizes. We also provide an example application of our results to data from maize and teosinte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Mehta
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Noah A Rosenberg
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Bonato L, Corbetta A, Giovine G, Romanazzi E, Šunje E, Vernesi C, Crestanello B. Diversity among peripheral populations: genetic and evolutionary differentiation ofSalamandra atraat the southern edge of the Alps. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Bonato
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Corbetta
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | | | - Emina Šunje
- Department of Biology; University of Sarajevo; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Hercegovina BHHU:ATRA; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
| | - Barbara Crestanello
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
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13
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Stone GN, White SC, Csóka G, Melika G, Mutun S, Pénzes Z, Sadeghi SE, Schönrogge K, Tavakoli M, Nicholls JA. Tournament ABC analysis of the western Palaearctic population history of an oak gall wasp,Synergus umbraculus. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6685-6703. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sarah C. White
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - György Csóka
- National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre; Forest Research Institute; Mátrafüred Hungary
| | - George Melika
- Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory; Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment; Budapest Hungary
| | - Serap Mutun
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Arts; Abant İzzet Baysal University; Bolu Turkey
| | - Zsolt Pénzes
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - S. Ebrahim Sadeghi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Majid Tavakoli
- Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center; Khorramabad Lorestan Iran
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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14
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Schmidt J, Belousov I, Michalik P. X-ray microscopy reveals endophallic structures in a new species of the ground beetle genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 from Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini). Zookeys 2016:113-27. [PMID: 27667935 PMCID: PMC5027659 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.614.9283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The third fossil species of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 is described from Baltic amber: Trechusexhibitoriussp. n. Details of external and internal morphology were analysed using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and important diagnostic features of the internal male genital sac (endophallus) are described in detail for the first time in a fossil ground beetle. Based on these data, we could assign Trechusexhibitoriussp. n. to Trechus sensu stricto and this new fossil species seems to represent a basal branch of a lineage comprising species diverse groups of extant Trechus mainly distributed in the Caucasus and Anatolia. Thus, our results support previous studies suggesting that Trechus is a phylogenetically old lineage already present in the Eocene with numerous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schmidt
- University of Rostock, Institute of Biosciences, General and Systematic Zoology, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany; Lindenstraße 3a, 18211 Admannshagen, Germany
| | - Igor Belousov
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 3, Podbelsky shosse, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Michalik
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Loitzer Str. 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Massatti R, Knowles LL. Contrasting support for alternative models of genomic variation based on microhabitat preference: species-specific effects of climate change in alpine sedges. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3974-86. [PMID: 27317885 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic processes may uniquely affect codistributed species' phylogeographic patterns such that discordant genetic variation among taxa is predicted. Yet, explicitly testing expectations of genomic discordance in a statistical framework remains challenging. Here, we construct spatially and temporally dynamic models to investigate the hypothesized effect of microhabitat preferences on the permeability of glaciated regions to gene flow in two closely related montane species. Utilizing environmental niche models from the Last Glacial Maximum and the present to inform demographic models of changes in habitat suitability over time, we evaluate the relative probabilities of two alternative models using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) in which glaciated regions are either (i) permeable or (ii) a barrier to gene flow. Results based on the fit of the empirical data to data sets simulated using a spatially explicit coalescent under alternative models indicate that genomic data are consistent with predictions about the hypothesized role of microhabitat in generating discordant patterns of genetic variation among the taxa. Specifically, a model in which glaciated areas acted as a barrier was much more probable based on patterns of genomic variation in Carex nova, a wet-adapted species. However, in the dry-adapted Carex chalciolepis, the permeable model was more probable, although the difference in the support of the models was small. This work highlights how statistical inferences can be used to distinguish deterministic processes that are expected to result in discordant genomic patterns among species, including species-specific responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Massatti
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 41809-1079, USA
| | - L Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 41809-1079, USA
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16
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Günther T, Lampei C, Barilar I, Schmid KJ. Genomic and phenotypic differentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana along altitudinal gradients in the North Italian Alps. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3574-92. [PMID: 27220345 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Altitudinal gradients in mountain regions are short-range clines of different environmental parameters such as temperature or radiation. We investigated genomic and phenotypic signatures of adaptation to such gradients in five Arabidopsis thaliana populations from the North Italian Alps that originated from 580 to 2350 m altitude by resequencing pools of 19-29 individuals from each population. The sample includes two pairs of low- and high-altitude populations from two different valleys. High-altitude populations showed a lower nucleotide diversity and negative Tajima's D values and were more closely related to each other than to low-altitude populations from the same valley. Despite their close geographic proximity, demographic analysis revealed that low- and high-altitude populations split between 260 000 and 15 000 years before present. Single nucleotide polymorphisms whose allele frequencies were highly differentiated between low- and high-altitude populations identified genomic regions of up to 50 kb length where patterns of genetic diversity are consistent with signatures of local selective sweeps. These regions harbour multiple genes involved in stress response. Variation among populations in two putative adaptive phenotypic traits, frost tolerance and response to light/UV stress was not correlated with altitude. Taken together, the spatial distribution of genetic diversity reflects a potentially adaptive differentiation between low- and high-altitude populations, whereas the phenotypic differentiation in the two traits investigated does not. It may resemble an interaction between adaptation to the local microhabitat and demographic history influenced by historical glaciation cycles, recent seed dispersal and genetic drift in local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Günther
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ivan Barilar
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl J Schmid
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Wachter GA, Papadopoulou A, Muster C, Arthofer W, Knowles LL, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC. Glacial refugia, recolonization patterns and diversification forces in Alpine-endemicMegabunusharvestmen. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2904-19. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A. Wachter
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
- Department of Integrative Ecology; Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC); 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Christoph Muster
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Straße 11/12 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 USA
| | - Florian M. Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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18
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Weng YM, Yang MM, Yeh WB. A comparative phylogeographic study reveals discordant evolutionary histories of alpine ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2061-73. [PMID: 27066226 PMCID: PMC4768753 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan, an island with three major mountain ranges, provides an ideal topography to study mountain-island effect on organisms that would be diversified in the isolation areas. Glaciations, however, might drive these organisms to lower elevations, causing gene flow among previously isolated populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to depict the possible refugia for alpine organisms during glaciations. Nunatak hypothesis suggests that alpine species might have stayed in situ in high mountain areas during glaciations. Massif de refuge, on the other hand, proposes that alpine species might have migrated to lower ice-free areas. By sampling five sympatric carabid species of Nebria and Leistus, and using two mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes, we evaluated the mountain-island effect on alpine carabids and tested the two proposed hypotheses with comparative phylogeographic method. Results from the phylogenetic relationships, network analysis, lineage calibration, and genetic structure indicate that the deep divergence among populations in all L. smetanai, N. formosana, and N. niitakana was subjected to long-term isolation, a phenomenon in agreement with the nunatak hypothesis. However, genetic admixture among populations of N. uenoiana and some populations of L. nokoensis complex suggests that gene flow occurred during glaciations, as a massif de refuge depicts. The speciation event in N. niitakana is estimated to have occurred before 1.89 million years ago (Mya), while differentiation among isolated populations in N. niitakana, N. formosana, L. smetanai, and L. nokoensis complex might have taken place during 0.65-1.65 Mya. While each of the alpine carabids arriving in Taiwan during different glaciation events acquired its evolutionary history, all of them had confronted the existing mountain ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Weng
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd South District Taichung Taiwan 40227
| | - Man-Miao Yang
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd South District Taichung Taiwan 40227
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology National Chung Hsing University 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd South District Taichung Taiwan 40227
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Birks HJB. Some reflections on the refugium concept and its terminology in historical biogeography, contemporary ecology and global-change biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2015.1117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Cornetti L, Lemoine M, Hilfiker D, Morger J, Reeh K, Tschirren B. Higher genetic diversity on mountain tops: the role of historical and contemporary processes in shaping genetic variation in the bank vole. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cornetti
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mélissa Lemoine
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hilfiker
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Morger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kevin Reeh
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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21
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Fan Z, Jiang GF, Liu YX, He QX, Blanchard B. Population explosion in the yellow-spined bamboo locust Ceracris kiangsu and inferences for the impact of human activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89873. [PMID: 24603526 PMCID: PMC3946154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic distance and geographical barriers likely play a considerable role in structuring genetic variation in species, although some migratory species may have less phylogeographic structure on a smaller spatial scale. Here, genetic diversity and the phylogenetic structure among geographical populations of the yellow-spined bamboo locust, Ceracris kiangsu, were examined with 16S rDNA and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In this study, no conspicuous phylogeographical structure was discovered from either Maximum parsimony (MP) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analyses. The effect of geographical isolation was not conspicuous on a large spatial scale.At smaller spatial scales local diversity of some populations within mountainous areas were detected using Nei's genetic distance and AMOVA. There is a high level of genetic diversity and a low genetic differentiation among populations in the C. kiangsu of South and Southeast China. Our analyses indicate that C. kiangsu is a monophyletic group. Our results also support the hypothesis that the C. kiangsu population is in a primary differentiation stage. Given the mismatch distribution, it is likely that a population expansion in C. kiangsu occurred about 0.242 Ma during the Quaternary interglaciation. Based on historical reports, we conjecture that human activities had significant impacts on the C. kiangsu gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yu-Xiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Xin He
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Blanchard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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22
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Population expansion, isolation and selection: novel insights on the evolution of color diversity in the strawberry poison frog. Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Wachter GA, Arthofer W, Dejaco T, Rinnhofer LJ, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC. Pleistocene survival on central Alpine nunataks: genetic evidence from the jumping bristletail Machilis pallida. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4983-95. [PMID: 22994297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of survival during the Pleistocene glaciation periods have been studied for more than a century. Until now, molecular studies that confirmed animal survival on Alpine nunataks, that is, ice-free summits surrounded by glaciers, were restricted to peripheral areas. Here, we search for molecular signatures of inner-Alpine survival of the narrow endemic and putatively parthenogenetic Alpine jumping bristletail Machilis pallida combining mitochondrial and AFLP data from its three known populations. The mitochondrial data indicate survival on both peripheral and central nunataks, the latter suggesting that refugia in the centre of the Alpine main ridge were more widespread than previously recognized. Incongruences between mitochondrial and AFLP patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history of the species and may be explained via parallel fixation of parthenogenesis of different origins during the last glacial maximum. We suggest that the inferred parthenogenesis may have been essential for central nunatak survival, but may pose a serious threat for M. pallida in consideration of the present climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A Wachter
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Faille A, Bourdeau C, Fresneda J. Molecular phylogeny of the Trechus brucki group, with description of two new species from the Pyreneo-Cantabrian area (France, Spain) (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zookeys 2012:11-51. [PMID: 22977341 PMCID: PMC3433701 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.217.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular phylogeny of the species from the Trechus brucki clade (previously Trechus uhagoni group)based on fragments of four mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene is given. We describe Trechus (Trechus) bouillonisp. n. from the western pre–Pyrenees: Sierras de Urbasa–Andía, Navarra, Spain. The species was collected in mesovoid shallow substratum (mss), a subterranean environment. Molecular as well as morphological evidences demonstrate that the new species belongs to the Trechus brucki clade. A narrow endemic species of high altitude in western French Pyrenees merged with Trechus brucki Fairmaire, 1862a, Trechus bruckoidessp. n., is described. A lectotype is designated for Trechus brucki and Trechus planiusculus Fairmaire, 1862b (junior synonym of Trechus brucki). The species group is redefined based on molecular and morphological characters, and renamed as the brucki group, as Trechus brucki was the first described species of the clade. A unique synapomorphy of the male genitalia, a characteristic secondary sclerotization of the sperm duct, which is shared by all the species of the brucki group sensu novo, is described and illustrated. The Trechus brucki group sensu novo is composed of Trechus beusti (Schaufuss, 1863), Trechus bouillonisp. n., Trechus brucki, Trechus bruckoidessp. n., Trechus grenieri Pandellé, 1867, T. uhagoni uhagoni Crotch, 1869, T. uhagoni ruteri Colas, 1935 and Trechus pieltaini Jeannel, 1920. We discuss the taxonomy of the group and provide illustrations of structures showing the differences between the species, along with distribution data and biogeographical comments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Faille
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
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BROWN JASONL, KNOWLES LLACEY. Spatially explicit models of dynamic histories: examination of the genetic consequences of Pleistocene glaciation and recent climate change on the American Pika. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3757-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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SCHEEL BETTINAM, HAUSDORF BERNHARD. Survival and differentiation of subspecies of the land snailCharpentieria italain mountain refuges in the Southern Alps. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3794-808. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Escobar García P, Winkler M, Flatscher R, Sonnleitner M, Krejčíková J, Suda J, Hülber K, Schneeweiss GM, Schönswetter P. Extensive range persistence in peripheral and interior refugia characterizes Pleistocene range dynamics in a widespread Alpine plant species (Senecio carniolicus, Asteraceae). Mol Ecol 2012; 21:1255-70. [PMID: 22276934 PMCID: PMC3306793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that survival of arctic-alpine organisms in peripheral or interior glacial refugia are not mutually exclusive and may both be involved in shaping an organism’s Pleistocene history, yet potentially at different time levels. Here, we test this hypothesis in a high-mountain plant (diploid lineage of Senecio carniolicus, Asteraceae) from the Eastern European Alps, in which patterns of morphological variation and current habitat requirements suggest survival in both types of refugia. To this end, we used AFLPs, nuclear and plastid DNA sequences and analysed them, among others, within a graph theoretic framework and using novel Bayesian methods of phylogeographic inference. On the basis of patterns of genetic diversity, occurrence of rare markers, distribution of distinct genetic lineages and patterns of range connectivity both interior refugia in the formerly strongly glaciated central Alps and peripheral refugia along the southern margin of the Alps were identified. The presence of refugia congruently inferred by markers resolving at different time levels suggests that these refugia acted as such throughout several glacial cycles. The high degree of range persistence together with gradual range expansion, which contrasts with the extent of range shifts implied for other Alpine species, is likely responsible for incipient lineage differentiation evident from the genetic data. Replacing a simplistic peripheral vs. interior refugia dualism by more complex models involving both types of refugia and considering different time levels will help identifying common phylogeographic patterns with respect to, for instance, location of refugia and colonization routes and elucidating their underlying genetic and/or ecological causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Escobar García
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, Austria
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Marske KA, Leschen RAB, Buckley TR. CONCERTED VERSUS INDEPENDENT EVOLUTION AND THE SEARCH FOR MULTIPLE REFUGIA: COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FOUR FOREST BEETLES. Evolution 2012; 66:1862-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
A long standing and at times fervid debate in biogeography revolves around the question whether arctic and high alpine organisms survived Pleistocene ice ages on small island-like areas protruding above the ice-sheet, socalled nunataks, or whether they did so in peripheral nonglaciated refugial areas. A common picture emerging from a plethora of molecular phylogeographic studies in the last decade is that both in the Arctic and in temperate mountain ranges such as the European Alps nunatak survival needs to be only rarely invoked to explain observed genetic patterns (for a rare example see Stehlik et al. 2002). As two studies in this issue show, depreciation of the nunatak hypothesis is, however, not warranted. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Westergaard et al. (2011) investigate genetic patterns of two arctic-alpine plant species distributed on both sides of the Atlantic exclusively in areas that were mostly covered by ice-sheets during Pleistocene glacial advances. In both species, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data identified divergent and partly genetically diverse groups east and west of the Atlantic. This suggests, for the first time in Arctic plants, in situ survival on nunataks. In an entirely different geographic setting and on a different geographic scale, Lohse et al. (2011, this issue) study the colonization of high alpine areas in the Orobian Alps, situated within and adjacent to a prominent peripheral refugial area (massif de refuge) in the Southern Alps of northern Italy, by dispersal-limited carabid ground beetles. Using explicit hypothesis testing and inference of ancestral locations in a Bayesian framework, stepwise colonization from two separate southern refugia is found to shape the genetic pattern of these beetles, but at the northern edge, populations survived at least parts of the last glaciation in situ on nunataks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Schneeweiss
- Department of Biogeography and Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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