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Kelemen S, Józsa M, Hartel T, Csóka G, Néda Z. Tree size distribution as the stationary limit of an evolutionary master equation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1168. [PMID: 38216657 PMCID: PMC10786858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The diameter distribution of a given species of deciduous trees is well approximated by a Gamma distribution. Here we give new experimental evidence for this conjecture by analyzing deciduous tree size data in mature semi-natural forest and ancient, traditionally managed wood-pasture from Central Europe. These distribution functions collapse on a universal shape if the tree sizes are normalized to the mean value in the considered sample. A new evolutionary master equation is used to model the observed distribution. The model incorporates four ecological processes: tree growth, mortality, recruitment, and diversification. Utilizing simple and realistic kernel functions describing the first three, along with an assumed multiplicative dilution due to diversification, the stationary solution of the master equation yields the experimentally observed Gamma distribution. The model as it is formulated allows an analytically compact solution and has only two fitting parameters whose values are consistent with the experimental data related to these processes. We found that the equilibrium size distribution of tree species with different ecology, originating from two contrastingly different semi-natural ecosystem types can be accurately described by a single dynamical mean-field model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Kelemen
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Máté Józsa
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania
| | - Tibor Hartel
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400294, Romania
| | - György Csóka
- Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Sopron, 3232, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Néda
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 400347, Romania.
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2
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Korda M, Ripka G, Hradil K, Glavendekic M, Matosevic D, Hrasovec B, Paulin M, Hirka A, Csóka G. Alien eating alien - rapid spread of Aceria fraxiniflora, a non-native gall mite of the invasive green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) in Central-Eastern Europe. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:405-412. [PMID: 37819594 PMCID: PMC10615922 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The North American gall mite Aceria fraxiniflora was first recorded in Europe in southeast Hungary in 2017. Since then, it has shown a remarkably rapid spread on its host, the also North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). By the beginning of 2023 it has been recorded in eight Central-Eastern European countries. In 2022 it was recorded on the other North American ash (Fraxinus Americana) in Zagreb (Croatia) and in Szarvas Arboretum (SE Hungary). Possible reasons and outcomes of this spread are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Korda
- Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Environment and Nature Protection, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary.
| | - Géza Ripka
- Directorate of Plant Protection and Oenology, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, 1118, Hungary
| | - Karel Hradil
- Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Jicin, 506 01, Czech Republic
| | - Milka Glavendekic
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11030, Serbia
| | - Dinka Matosevic
- Department for forest protection and game management, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, 10450, Croatia
| | - Boris Hrasovec
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Institute of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Márton Paulin
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, 3232, Hungary
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, 3232, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, 3232, Hungary
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3
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Franić I, Allan E, Prospero S, Adamson K, Attorre F, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Augustin S, Avtzis D, Baert W, Barta M, Bauters K, Bellahirech A, Boroń P, Bragança H, Brestovanská T, Brurberg MB, Burgess T, Burokienė D, Cleary M, Corley J, Coyle DR, Csóka G, Černý K, Davydenko K, de Groot M, Diez JJ, Doğmuş Lehtijärvi HT, Drenkhan R, Edwards J, Elsafy M, Eötvös CB, Falko R, Fan J, Feddern N, Fürjes-Mikó Á, Gossner MM, Grad B, Hartmann M, Havrdova L, Kádasi Horáková M, Hrabětová M, Justesen MJ, Kacprzyk M, Kenis M, Kirichenko N, Kovač M, Kramarets V, Lacković N, Lantschner MV, Lazarević J, Leskiv M, Li H, Madsen CL, Malumphy C, Matošević D, Matsiakh I, May TW, Meffert J, Migliorini D, Nikolov C, O'Hanlon R, Oskay F, Paap T, Parpan T, Piškur B, Ravn HP, Richard J, Ronse A, Roques A, Ruffner B, Santini A, Sivickis K, Soliani C, Talgø V, Tomoshevich M, Uimari A, Ulyshen M, Vettraino AM, Villari C, Wang Y, Witzell J, Zlatković M, Eschen R. Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11570. [PMID: 37463904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, Delémont, Switzerland.
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Dimitrios Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wim Baert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Amani Bellahirech
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Boroń
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. (INIAV I. P.), Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Brestovanská
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- NMBU-Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Daiva Burokienė
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Juan Corley
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - David R Coyle
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Karel Černý
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Julio Javier Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Palencia, Spain
- Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agribio Centre, Bundoora, Vic, Australia
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Csaba Béla Eötvös
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Roman Falko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Jianting Fan
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nina Feddern
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, University of Sopron, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bartłomiej Grad
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Havrdova
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Hrabětová
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Just Justesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Kacprzyk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Kirichenko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marta Kovač
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | | | | | - Maria Victoria Lantschner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jelena Lazarević
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Corrie Lynne Madsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Malumphy
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-food Innovation Campus, York, UK
| | | | - Iryna Matsiakh
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
- Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Johan Meffert
- National Plant Protection Organisation, Netherlands Food and Consumers Product Safety Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duccio Migliorini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christo Nikolov
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | | | - Funda Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Trudy Paap
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Taras Parpan
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Hans Peter Ravn
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Richard
- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), Lushoto, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Beat Ruffner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Santini
- National Research Council C.N.R., Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolis Sivickis
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Venche Talgø
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria Tomoshevich
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Uimari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Caterina Villari
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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4
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Franić I, Prospero S, Adamson K, Allan E, Attorre F, Auger-Rozenberg MA, Augustin S, Avtzis D, Baert W, Barta M, Bauters K, Bellahirech A, Boroń P, Bragança H, Brestovanská T, Brurberg MB, Burgess T, Burokienė D, Cleary M, Corley J, Coyle DR, Csóka G, Černý K, Davydenko K, de Groot M, Diez JJ, Doğmuş Lehtijärvi HT, Drenkhan R, Edwards J, Elsafy M, Eötvös CB, Falko R, Fan J, Feddern N, Fürjes-Mikó Á, Gossner MM, Grad B, Hartmann M, Havrdova L, Horáková MK, Hrabětová M, Justesen MJ, Kacprzyk M, Kenis M, Kirichenko N, Kovač M, Kramarets V, Lacković N, Lantschner MV, Lazarević J, Leskiv M, Li H, Madsen CL, Malumphy C, Matošević D, Matsiakh I, May TW, Meffert J, Migliorini D, Nikolov C, O'Hanlon R, Oskay F, Paap T, Parpan T, Piškur B, Ravn HP, Richard J, Ronse A, Roques A, Ruffner B, Sivickis K, Soliani C, Talgø V, Tomoshevich M, Uimari A, Ulyshen M, Vettraino AM, Villari C, Wang Y, Witzell J, Zlatković M, Eschen R. Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs. Sci Data 2022; 9:62. [PMID: 35232978 PMCID: PMC8888713 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 samples from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 samples of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the diversity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, sampled across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees. Measurement(s) | metagenomics analysis • Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 | Technology Type(s) | amplicon sequencing • Dideoxy Chain Termination DNA Sequencing | Factor Type(s) | tree species • geographic location • mean annual temperature • mean annual precipitation | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Fungi • Insecta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | dormant tree twigs |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.16764229
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Franić
- CABI, Delémont, Switzerland. .,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland. .,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Simone Prospero
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kalev Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Anne Auger-Rozenberg
- Forest Zoology Research Unit, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (URZF INRAE), Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Augustin
- Forest Zoology Research Unit, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (URZF INRAE), Orléans, France
| | - Dimitrios Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Wim Baert
- Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Amani Bellahirech
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests (INRGREF), Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Boroń
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. (INIAV I. P.), Oeiras, Portugal.,GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tereza Brestovanská
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - May Bente Brurberg
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway.,NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Treena Burgess
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daiva Burokienė
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Juan Corley
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - David R Coyle
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - György Csóka
- University of Sopron, Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Karel Černý
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Julio Javier Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Palencia, Spain.,Department of Vegetal Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | | | - Rein Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Agriculture Victoria Research, Agribio Centre, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohammed Elsafy
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Csaba Béla Eötvös
- University of Sopron, Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Roman Falko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Jianting Fan
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nina Feddern
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó
- University of Sopron, Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bartłomiej Grad
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Havrdova
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Hrabětová
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Just Justesen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Kacprzyk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Kirichenko
- Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Marta Kovač
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | | | | | - Maria Victoria Lantschner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jelena Lazarević
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | - Corrie Lynne Madsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Malumphy
- Fera Science Ltd, National Agri-food Innovation Campus, York, UK
| | | | | | - Tom W May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johan Meffert
- National Plant Protection Organisation, Netherlands Food and Consumers Product Safety Authority, Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Duccio Migliorini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council C.N.R., Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Christo Nikolov
- National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Richard O'Hanlon
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, UK
| | - Funda Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Trudy Paap
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taras Parpan
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Mountain Forestry, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Hans Peter Ravn
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Richard
- Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), Lushoto, Tanzania
| | | | - Alain Roques
- Forest Zoology Research Unit, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (URZF INRAE), Orléans, France
| | - Beat Ruffner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Karolis Sivickis
- Institute of Botany at the Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (INTA-CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Venche Talgø
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria Tomoshevich
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Uimari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Suonenjoki, Finland
| | - Michael Ulyshen
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Caterina Villari
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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5
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Sun X, Li H, Zhang A, Hirka A, Csóka G, Pearse IS, Holyoak M, Xiao Z. An intercontinental comparison of insect seed predation between introduced and native oaks. Integr Zool 2021; 17:217-230. [PMID: 34796655 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel interactions between introduced oaks and their natural enemies across different continents provide an opportunity to test the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) at local and global scales. Based on the ERH, we assessed the impacts of native seed-feeding insects on introduced and native oaks within and among continents. We combined a common-garden experiment in China and biogeographic literature surveys to measure seed predation by insects and the proportion of acorn embryos surviving after insect infestation among 4 oak species with different geographical origins: Quercus mongolica origin from China, Q. robur and Q. petraea from Europe, and Q. rubra from North America. Mostly supporting the ERH, oaks in introduced continents escaped seed predation compared to those in native continents and compared to other native oaks in introduced continents. Common-garden comparisons showed that total acorn infestation rate of introduced Q. rubra (section Lobatae) was considerably lower than that of native oaks (section Quercus) in China and Europe, likely because of the differences in seed traits associated with different oak sections. Literature surveys showed that seed predation of introduced oaks was lower in the introduced continent than in the native continent. Embryo survival was higher in introduced Q. rubra than native oaks in China and Poland. However, insect seed predation of recently introduced Q. rubra in China was similar to that in Europe, which is not consistent with the ERH. Our results suggest that reduced acorn attack by native insects and higher embryo survival after acorn damage could increase the establishment success or invasion risk of introduced oaks in non-native continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aibing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hungary
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhishu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Bălăcenoiu F, Japelj A, Bernardinelli I, Castagneyrol B, Csóka G, Glavendekić M, Hoch G, Hrašovec B, Krajter Ostoic S, Paulin M, Williams D, Witters J, de Groot M. Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera, Tingidae) in its invasive range in Europe: perception, knowledge and willingness to act in foresters and citizens. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.71851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The oak lace bug (OLB) Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) is an invasive alien species (IAS) that potentially could have many negative impacts on European oak health. Certain measures can be applied to counteract these effects. However, these measures may not be acceptable for forest managers or other stakeholder groups, such as private forest owners, environmental NGOs or the general public. Thereby, we set out to study the perception and knowledge of foresters and other stakeholders on the health status of European oak forests affected by oak lace bug and to investigate what forest health management measures would be acceptable to these target groups. An online survey questionnaire was designed and distributed via social networks, as well as professional networks via e-mails. The survey questionnaire was completed by 2084 respondents from nine European countries: Austria, Croatia, Belgium, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Even though only a little over 60% of respondents reported they had noticed the discolouration of oak leaves caused by OLB, almost all (93%) considered it to be a problem. As respondents come from a country where C. arcuata is widespread and established, people’s general knowledge and awareness of OLB began to increase. The survey revealed that foresters thought that the insect affected photosynthesis, acorn crop and the aesthetics of the trees, but cannot cause death of trees. However, they assume that the value of the wood would decrease (this fact is also supported by the respondents who are connected to an environmental NGO), but that OLB does not affect property value. However, forest owners claim that the value of the property can be affected and that people would avoid entering the forest. In terms of potential control methods, respondents preferred biological or mechanical measures over chemical ones. We consider this study to be a good basis for further research on the topic of perception, knowledge and attitudes related to OLB since we can expect that the IAS, such as OLB, will certainly spread to European countries that were not included in this survey.
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7
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Morris EE, O'Grady P, Csóka G, Hajek AE. Genetic variability among native and introduced strains of the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 173:107385. [PMID: 32325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirex noctilio is an invasive Eurasian woodwasp that can kill pine (Pinus spp.) trees and has been introduced to areas of the Southern Hemisphere where plantations of introduced pines are grown. The main method of control of this invasive pest has been introduction and augmentation of a parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola. The strain of D. siricidicola used for biological control of S. noctilio in the Southern Hemisphere originated in Sopron, Hungary. The genotype of D. siricidicola used for biological control sterilizes females of the strain of S. noctilio present in Australia. However, different strains of S. noctilio have been introduced to different geographic areas that have been invaded and different combinations of D. siricidicola and S. noctilio genotypes vary in whether these nematodes sterilize female S. noctilio. Moreover, even in the event of sterilization, partial sterilization can occur, where not all woodwasp eggs are compromised. Sirex noctilio has now invaded North America accidentally, putatively accompanying D. siricidicola, but these host/parasite pairings do not result in female sterilization. More information is needed about the genetic diversity of D. siricidicola both where it is native and introduced. In addition, the host range of these nematodes is necessary to understand to evaluate their potential use in areas where pine communities are native. We collected and evaluated Deladenus parasitizing S. noctilio, S. juvencus, and associated insects in Hungary, Denmark, Spain, and Italy, as well as in the United States. Phylogenetic analyses were unable to fully provide fine resolution, although some community structure was evident. Many D. siricidicola samples from Hungary had identical COI and ITS sequences to the strain of D. siricidicola accidentally introduced to North America putatively when S. noctilio invaded. The same or similar strains of D. siricidicola parasitize two different Sirex species that utilize pines as well as a Sirex parasitoid and a pine-boring beetle, demonstrating some limited variability in host specificity of this species. These results highlight the genetic diversity of Deladenus siricidicola in its native range in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Erin Morris
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biology, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Patrick O'Grady
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
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8
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Zúbrik M, Pilarska D, Kulfan J, Barta M, Hajek AE, Bittner TD, Zach P, Takov D, Kunca A, Rell S, Hirka A, Csóka G. Phytophagous larvae occurring in Central and Southeastern European oak forests as a potential host of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) - A field study. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 155:52-54. [PMID: 29758226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence and impact of Entomophaga maimaiga on both target and non-target phytophagous larvae. All six study plots, with low gypsy moth population density, were situated in Central and Southeastern European oak forests and E. maimaiga had previously been reported from these plots. Totally, 45 of 4,045 (1.13%) collected non-target larvae died due to fungal infections. No non-target insect specimen was infected by E.maimaiga, although the presence of the pathogen could not be fully excluded in three cadavers. Out of 1,780L.dispar larvae collected, 15individuals (0.84%) were infected by E.maimaiga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zúbrik
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniela Pilarska
- New Bulgarian University, Department of Natural Sciences, 21 Montevideo Str., Sofia 1618, Bulgaria; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Jan Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Tonya D Bittner
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Danail Takov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Andrej Kunca
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Slavomír Rell
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic
| | - Anikó Hirka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary.
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9
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Abstract
Studies of transient population dynamics have largely focused on temporal changes in dynamical behaviour, such as the transition between periods of stability and instability. This study explores a related dynamic pattern, namely transient synchrony during a 49-year period among populations of five sympatric species of forest insects that share host tree resources. The long time series allows a more comprehensive exploration of transient synchrony patterns than most previous studies. Considerable variation existed in the dynamics of individual species, ranging from periodic to aperiodic. We used time-averaged methods to investigate long-term patterns of synchrony and time-localized methods to detect transient synchrony. We investigated transient patterns of synchrony between species and related these to the species' varying density dependence structures; even species with very different density dependence exhibited at least temporary periods of synchrony. Observed periods of interspecific synchrony may arise from interactions with host trees (e.g., induced host defences), interactions with shared natural enemies or shared impacts of environmental stochasticity. The transient nature of synchrony observed here raises questions both about the identity of synchronizing mechanisms and how these mechanisms interact with the endogenous dynamics of each species. We conclude that these patterns are the result of interspecific interactions that act only temporarily to synchronize populations, after which differences in the endogenous population dynamics among the species acts to desynchronize their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje J Klapwijk
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolution and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafûred, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Mátrafûred, Hungary
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Stone GN, White SC, Csóka G, Melika G, Mutun S, Pénzes Z, Sadeghi SE, Schönrogge K, Tavakoli M, Nicholls JA. Tournament ABC analysis of the western Palaearctic population history of an oak gall wasp,Synergus umbraculus. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6685-6703. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Sarah C. White
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - György Csóka
- National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre; Forest Research Institute; Mátrafüred Hungary
| | - George Melika
- Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory; Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment; Budapest Hungary
| | - Serap Mutun
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science and Arts; Abant İzzet Baysal University; Bolu Turkey
| | - Zsolt Pénzes
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Science and Informatics; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - S. Ebrahim Sadeghi
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Majid Tavakoli
- Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center; Khorramabad Lorestan Iran
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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11
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Valtonen A, Hirka A, Szőcs L, Ayres MP, Roininen H, Csóka G. Long-term species loss and homogenization of moth communities in Central Europe. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:730-738. [PMID: 28423183 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As global biodiversity continues to decline steeply, it is becoming increasingly important to understand diversity patterns at local and regional scales. Changes in land use and climate, nitrogen deposition and invasive species are the most important threats to global biodiversity. Because land use changes tend to benefit a few species but impede many, the expected outcome is generally decreasing population sizes, decreasing species richness at local and regional scales, and increasing similarity of species compositions across sites (biotic homogenization). Homogenization can be also driven by invasive species or effects of soil eutrophication propagating to higher trophic levels. In contrast, in the absence of increasing aridity, climate warming is predicted to generally increase abundances and species richness of poikilotherms at local and regional scales. We tested these predictions with data from one of the few existing monitoring programmes on biodiversity in the world dating to the 1960s, where the abundance of 878 species of macro-moths have been measured daily at seven sites across Hungary. Our analyses revealed a dramatic rate of regional species loss and homogenization of community compositions across sites. Species with restricted distribution range, specialized diet or dry grassland habitat were more likely than others to disappear from the community. In global context, the contrasting effects of climate change and land use changes could explain why the predicted enriching effects from climate warming are not always realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.,Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan
| | - Anikó Hirka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Levente Szőcs
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Life Sciences Center, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Heikki Roininen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute, Hegyalja 18, H-3232, Mátrafüred, Hungary
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12
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Domingue MJ, Lelito JP, Myrick AJ, Csóka G, Szöcs L, Imrei Z, Baker TC. Differences in spectral selectivity between stages of visually guided mating approaches in a buprestid beetle. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2837-2843. [PMID: 27401761 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.137885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectral mating preferences were examined in male Agrilus angustulus (Buprestidae: Coleoptera), a member of a taxon known for its high species diversity and striking metallic coloration. The spectral emission profile of a typical A. angustulus female displays low chroma, broadly overlapping that of the green oak leaves they feed and rest upon, while also including longer wavelengths. To pinpoint behaviorally significant spectral regions for A. angustulus males during mate selection, we observed their field approaches to females of five Agrilus planipennis color morphs that have greater chroma than the normal conspecific female targets. Agrilus angustulus males would initially fly equally frequently toward any of the three longest wavelength morphs (green, copper and red) whose spectral emission profiles all overlap that of typical A. angustulus females. However, they usually only completed approaches toward the two longest wavelength morphs, but not the green morphs. Thus, spectral preference influenced mate selection by A. angustulus males, and their discrimination of suitable targets became greater as these targets were approached. This increasing spectral discrimination when approaching targets may have evolved to allow female emissions to remain somewhat cryptic, while also being visible to conspecifics as distinct from the background vegetation and heterospecific competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Domingue
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lelito
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Brighton, MI 48116, USA
| | - Andrew J Myrick
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - György Csóka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred 3232, Hungary
| | - Levente Szöcs
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred 3232, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Imrei
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Thomas C Baker
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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13
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Szőcs L, George M, Thuróczy C, Csóka G. Contribution to the knowledge of the parasitoid fauna of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) mining leaves of forest plants in Hungary. PERIOD BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.18054/pb.v117i4.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Despite the importance of studying the native enemy complex of the introduced and invasive leaf miner sawfly species in their native territories, few studies have been done in recent years concerning the species component and the regulating potential of their parasitoid complexes (in both native and invaded area). Heterarthrus vagans and Fenusa dohrnii are only some of the species which are native in Palearctic area, but alien invasive in North America, causing damage on forest plantations. In this short paper we provide our original data to the knowledge of parasitoid fauna associated with seven leaf mining sawflies native in Hungary. Material and Methods: For a period of four years (2011-2014), several leaf miner species were collected and placed in single mine rearings. From the leafminers, belonging to the Tenthredinidae family, a total of 809 mines made by 9 different species (Heterarthrus wuestneii, Fenusa dohrnii, Heterarthrus vagans, Fenusa pumila, Fenusella nana, Profenusa pygmaea, Metallus pumilus, Parna apicalis, Fenusa ulmi) were collected from 19 locations across Hungary. Results and Conclusion: A total of 188 specimens of 13 parasitoid species belonging to 3 families (Braconidae - 1; Ichneumonidae - 1 and Eulophidae - 11) were reared out from our samples. Parasitoid adults were obtained from 7 of the 9 species of leaf mining sawfly hosts (Fenusa dohrnii, Fenusa pumila, Fenusa ulmi, Heterarthrus vagans, Metallus pumilus, Parna apicalis, Profenusa pygmaea). From Heterarthrus wuestneii and Fenusella nana no parasitoid adults emerged.The parasitoid species presented in this work are typically associated with leaf mining sawflies. Several new host-parasitoid associations have been described.
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14
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Klapwijk MJ, Csóka G, Hirka A, Björkman C. Forest insects and climate change: long-term trends in herbivore damage. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4183-96. [PMID: 24324869 PMCID: PMC3853563 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term data sets, covering several decades, could help to reveal the effects of observed climate change on herbivore damage to plants. However, sufficiently long time series in ecology are scarce. The research presented here analyzes a long-term data set collected by the Hungarian Forest Research Institute over the period 1961-2009. The number of hectares with visible defoliation was estimated and documented for several forest insect pest species. This resulted in a unique time series that provides us with the opportunity to compare insect damage trends with trends in weather patterns. Data were analyzed for six lepidopteran species: Thaumetopoea processionea, Tortrix viridana, Rhyacionia buoliana, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, and Lymantria dispar. All these species exhibit outbreak dynamics in Hungary. Five of these species prefer deciduous tree species as their host plants, whereas R. buoliana is a specialist on Pinus spp. The data were analyzed using general linear models and generalized least squares regression in relation to mean monthly temperature and precipitation. Temperature increased considerably, especially over the last 25 years (+1.6°C), whereas precipitation exhibited no trend over the period. No change in weather variability over time was observed. There was increased damage caused by two species on deciduous trees. The area of damage attributed to R. buoliana decreased over the study period. There was no evidence of increased variability in damage. We conclude that species exhibiting a trend toward outbreak-level damage over a greater geographical area may be positively affected by changes in weather conditions coinciding with important life stages. Strong associations between the geographical extent of severe damage and monthly temperature and precipitation are difficult to confirm, studying the life-history traits of species could help to increase understanding of responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje J Klapwijk
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Tenow O, Nilssen AC, Bylund H, Pettersson R, Battisti A, Bohn U, Caroulle F, Ciornei C, Csóka G, Delb H, De Prins W, Glavendekić M, Gninenko YI, Hrašovec B, Matošević D, Meshkova V, Moraal L, Netoiu C, Pajares J, Rubtsov V, Tomescu R, Utkina I. Geometrid outbreak waves travel across Europe. J Anim Ecol 2012; 82:84-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olle Tenow
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arne C. Nilssen
- Tromsø University Museum, University of Tromsø; NO-9037 Tromsø Norway
| | - Helena Bylund
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rickard Pettersson
- Department of Earth Sciences; Uppsala University; Villavägen 16 SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Universita di Padova, DAFNAE-Entomologia, Agripolis; Viale dell′Universita 16 35020 Legnaro PD Italia
| | - Udo Bohn
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Centre Ecosystems; PO Box 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Caroulle
- DGFAR Sous-Direction de la Forêt et du Bois; Département de la santé des forêts; 19 Avenue du Maine 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France
| | - Constantin Ciornei
- Forest Research and Management Institute of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - György Csóka
- Department of Forest Protection; Forest Research Institute; PO Box 2 3232 Mátrafüred Hungary
| | - Horst Delb
- Department of Forest Protection; Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg; Wonnhaldenstrasse 4 D-79100 Freiburg i. Br Germany
| | - Willy De Prins
- Zoological Museum of Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam; Plantage Middenlaan 64 NL-1018 DH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Milka Glavendekić
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Belgrade; Kneza Višeslava 1 11030 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Yuri I. Gninenko
- All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry; Pushkino Moscow region Russia
| | - Boris Hrašovec
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Zagreb; PO Box 422 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dinka Matošević
- Department for Forest Protection and Game Management; Croatian Forest Research Institute; Cvjetno naselje 41 10450 Jastrebarsko Croatia
| | - Valentyna Meshkova
- Laboratory of Forest Protection; Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration; Pushkinska 86 61024 Kharkov Ukraine
| | - Leen Moraal
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Centre Ecosystems; PO Box 47 NL-6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Netoiu
- Forest Research and Management Institute of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Juan Pajares
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid; Avd. Madrid s/n 34071 Palencia Spain
| | - Vasily Rubtsov
- Institute of Forestry Science, Russian Academy of Sciences; Uspenskoe Moscow region 143030 Russia
| | - Romica Tomescu
- Forest Research and Management Institute of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Irina Utkina
- Institute of Forestry Science, Russian Academy of Sciences; Uspenskoe Moscow region 143030 Russia
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Stone G, Lohse K, Nicholls J, Fuentes-Utrilla P, Sinclair F, Schönrogge K, Csóka G, Melika G, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Pujade-Villar J, Tavakoli M, Askew R, Hickerson M. Reconstructing Community Assembly in Time and Space Reveals Enemy Escape in a Western Palearctic Insect Community. Curr Biol 2012; 22:532-7. [PMID: 22405865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Nicholls JA, Fuentes-Utrilla P, Hayward A, Melika G, Csóka G, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Pujade-Villar J, Tavakoli M, Schönrogge K, Stone GN. Community impacts of anthropogenic disturbance: natural enemies exploit multiple routes in pursuit of invading herbivore hosts. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:322. [PMID: 20969799 PMCID: PMC2974729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological invasions provide a window on the process of community assembly. In particular, tracking natural enemy recruitment to invading hosts can reveal the relative roles of co-evolution (including local adaptation) and ecological sorting. We use molecular data to examine colonisation of northern Europe by the parasitoid Megastigmus stigmatizans following invasions of its herbivorous oak gallwasp hosts from the Balkans. Local host adaptation predicts that invading gallwasp populations will have been tracked primarily by sympatric Balkan populations of M. stigmatizans (Host Pursuit Hypothesis). Alternatively, ecological sorting allows parasitoid recruitment from geographically distinct populations with no recent experience of the invading hosts (Host Shift Hypothesis). Finally, we test for long-term persistence of parasitoids introduced via human trade of their hosts' galls (Introduction Hypothesis). Results Polymorphism diagnostic of different southern refugial regions was present in both mitochondrial and nuclear microsatellite markers, allowing us to identify the origins of northern European invaded range M. stigmatizans populations. As with their hosts, some invaded range populations showed genetic variation diagnostic of Balkan sources, supporting the Host Pursuit Hypothesis. In contrast, other invading populations had an Iberian origin, unlike their hosts in northern Europe, supporting the Host Shift Hypothesis. Finally, both British and Italian M. stigmatizans populations show signatures compatible with the Introduction Hypothesis from eastern Mediterranean sources. Conclusions These data reveal the continental scale of multi-trophic impacts of anthropogenic disturbance and highlight the fact that herbivores and their natural enemies may face very different constraints on range expansion. The ability of natural enemies to exploit ecologically-similar hosts with which they have had no historical association supports a major role for ecological sorting processes in the recent assembly of these communities. The multitude of origins of invading natural enemy populations in this study emphasises the diversity of mechanisms requiring consideration when predicting consequences of other biological invasions or biological control introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Nicholls
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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18
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Pásztor E, Makó A, Csóka G, Fenyvesi Z, Benko R, Prosszer M, Marton S, Antal I, Klebovich I. New formulation of in situ gelling Metolose-based liquid suppository. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:1-7. [PMID: 21073325 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.489558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT An in situ gelling liquid suppository is liquid at room temperature but forms a gel at body temperature. In our work, Metolose® SM-4000 (methylcellulose) is studied that basically shows thermal gelation at 68°C (2%, w/w). OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the potency of different factors (concentration, pH, additives) to change the value of thermal gelation temperature (T (t)) for Metolose® to form an in situ gelling liquid suppository. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the effect of Metolose® concentration, pH, and salts (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and sodium monohydrogen phosphate) on T (t) by viscosimetry. To choose the appropriate compound, in vitro drug release was examined. Rectal safety test was performed on rats in vivo after 12-hour application. RESULTS Increasing the Metolose® concentrations (0.5-4%, w/w), T (t) can be decreased, but it also altered the consistency of gel. pH does not affect the T (t). The water-soluble salts allowed reducing the gelation temperature to 37°C. Sodium monohydrogen phosphate in 4.5% concentration was found to be the most appropriate. The impact of examined factors on in vitro drug release of piroxicam from the in situ-formed gel was characterized according to Fickian diffusion. Metolose® and the chosen salt did not cause any morphological damage on the rectal tissues. DISCUSSION According to our study, Metolose® has the physical and chemical potential to be used as base for liquid suppositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pásztor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Nicholls JA, Preuss S, Hayward A, Melika G, Csóka G, Nieves-Aldrey JL, Askew RR, Tavakoli M, Schönrogge K, Stone GN. Concordant phylogeography and cryptic speciation in two Western Palaearctic oak gall parasitoid species complexes. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:592-609. [PMID: 20070516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Nicholls
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Labs, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
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20
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Bailey R, Schönrogge K, Cook JM, Melika G, Csóka G, Thuróczy C, Stone GN. Host niches and defensive extended phenotypes structure parasitoid wasp communities. PLoS Biol 2009; 7:e1000179. [PMID: 19707266 PMCID: PMC2719808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oak galls are spectacular extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes in host oak tissues and have evolved complex morphologies that serve, in part, to exclude parasitoid natural enemies. Parasitoids and their insect herbivore hosts have coevolved to produce diverse communities comprising about a third of all animal species. The factors structuring these communities, however, remain poorly understood. An emerging theme in community ecology is the need to consider the effects of host traits, shaped by both natural selection and phylogenetic history, on associated communities of natural enemies. Here we examine the impact of host traits and phylogenetic relatedness on 48 ecologically closed and species-rich communities of parasitoids attacking gall-inducing wasps on oaks. Gallwasps induce the development of spectacular and structurally complex galls whose species- and generation-specific morphologies are the extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes. All the associated natural enemies attack their concealed hosts through gall tissues, and several structural gall traits have been shown to enhance defence against parasitoid attack. Here we explore the significance of these and other host traits in predicting variation in parasitoid community structure across gallwasp species. In particular, we test the “Enemy Hypothesis,” which predicts that galls with similar morphology will exclude similar sets of parasitoids and therefore have similar parasitoid communities. Having controlled for phylogenetic patterning in host traits and communities, we found significant correlations between parasitoid community structure and several gall structural traits (toughness, hairiness, stickiness), supporting the Enemy Hypothesis. Parasitoid community structure was also consistently predicted by components of the hosts' spatiotemporal niche, particularly host oak taxonomy and gall location (e.g., leaf versus bud versus seed). The combined explanatory power of structural and spatiotemporal traits on community structure can be high, reaching 62% in one analysis. The observed patterns derive mainly from partial niche specialisation of highly generalist parasitoids with broad host ranges (>20 hosts), rather than strict separation of enemies with narrower host ranges, and so may contribute to maintenance of the richness of generalist parasitoids in gallwasp communities. Though evolutionary escape from parasitoids might most effectively be achieved via changes in host oak taxon, extreme conservatism in this trait for gallwasps suggests that selection is more likely to have acted on gall morphology and location. Any escape from parasitoids associated with evolutionary shifts in these traits has probably only been transient, however, due to subsequent recruitment of parasitoid species already attacking other host galls with similar trait combinations. Herbivorous insects, such as the wasps that induce trees to make galls, and the parasitoids that attack (and ultimately kill) the wasps comprise about a third of all animal species, but it remains unclear what determines the structure of these complex coevolving communities. Here, we analyzed 48 parasitoid communities attacking different cynipid wasps that live and feed on oak trees. These communities are diverse and “closed,” with each centered upon the characteristic gall induced by a given cynipid wasp species. The often spectacular and complex galls are extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes and have been suggested to evolve as gallwasp defenses against their parasitoid enemies—“the Enemy Hypothesis.” Our analysis showed that similar parasitoid communities occurred on galls with similar structural traits (e.g., toughness, hairiness, stickiness), supporting the Enemy Hypothesis. We also found similar communities on galls that co-occur frequently in time and space; in particular, those occurring on the same oak species and same plant organ (e.g., leaf, bud, seed). Our results suggest that cynipid wasps might escape particular parasitoids via evolutionary shifts in the structure or location of their galls. However, escape may often be transient due to recruitment of new enemies already attacking other host galls with similar trait combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bailey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karsten Schönrogge
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, CEH Wallingford, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Cook
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - George Melika
- Systematic Parasitoid Laboratory, Vas County Plant Protection and Soil 15 Conservation Service, Köszeg, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- Hungarian Forest Research Institute, Mátrafüred Research Station, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | | | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Stone GN, Atkinson RJ, Rokas A, Aldrey JLN, Melika G, Acs Z, Csóka G, Hayward A, Bailey R, Buckee C, McVean GAT. Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently purely asexual Andricus gallwasps. Mol Ecol 2007; 17:652-65. [PMID: 18086197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) are one of seven major animal taxa that commonly reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis (CP). A major question in research on CP taxa is the frequency with which lineages lose their sexual generations, and diversify as purely asexual radiations. Most oak gallwasp species are only known from an asexual generation, and secondary loss of sex has been conclusively demonstrated in several species, particularly members of the holarctic genus Andricus. This raises the possibility of widespread secondary loss of sex in the Cynipini, and of diversification within purely parthenogenetic lineages. We use two approaches based on analyses of allele frequency data to test for cryptic sexual generations in eight apparently asexual European species distributed through a major western palaearctic lineage of the gallwasp genus Andricus. All species showing adequate levels of polymorphism (7/8) showed signatures of sex compatible with cyclical parthenogenesis. We also use DNA sequence data to test the hypothesis that ignorance of these sexual generations (despite extensive study on this group) results from failure to discriminate among known but morphologically indistinguishable sexual generations. This hypothesis is supported: 35 sequences attributed by leading cynipid taxonomists to a single sexual adult morphospecies, Andricus burgundus, were found to represent the sexual generations of at least six Andricus species. We confirm cryptic sexual generations in a total of 11 Andricus species, suggesting that secondary loss of sex is rare in Andricus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham N Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biology, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
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22
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Stone GN, Challis RJ, Atkinson RJ, Csóka G, Hayward A, Melika G, Mutun S, Preuss S, Rokas A, Sadeghi E, Schönrogge K. The phylogeographical clade trade: tracing the impact of human-mediated dispersal on the colonization of northern Europe by the oak gallwasp Andricus kollari. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:2768-81. [PMID: 17594446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human dispersal of organisms is an important process modifying natural patterns of biodiversity. Such dispersal generates new patterns of genetic diversity that overlie natural phylogeographical signatures, allowing discrimination between alternative dispersal mechanisms. Here we use allele frequency and DNA sequence data to distinguish between alternative scenarios (unassisted range expansion and long range introduction) for the colonization of northern Europe by an oak-feeding gallwasp, Andricus kollari. Native to Mediterranean latitudes from Portugal to Iran, this species became established in northern Europe following human introduction of a host plant, the Turkey oak Quercus cerris. Colonization of northern Europe is possible through three alternative routes: (i) unassisted range expansion from natural populations in the Iberian Peninsula; (ii) unassisted range expansion from natural populations in Italy and Hungary; or (iii) descent from populations imported to the UK as trade goods from the eastern Mediterranean in the 1830s. We show that while populations in France were colonized from sources in Italy and Hungary, populations in the UK and neighbouring parts of coastal northern Europe encompass allozyme and sequence variation absent from the known native range. Further, these populations show demographic signatures expected for large stable populations, rather than signatures of rapid population growth from small numbers of founders. The extent and spatial distribution of genetic diversity in the UK suggests that these A. kollari populations are derived from introductions of large numbers of individuals from each of two genetically divergent centres of diversity in the eastern Mediterranean. The strong spatial patterning in genetic diversity observed between different regions of northern Europe, and between sites in the UK, is compatible with leptokurtic models of population establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham N Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK.
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23
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Csóka G, Gelencsér A, Makó A, Marton S, Zelkó R, Klebovich I, Antal I. Potential application of Metolose in a thermoresponsive transdermal therapeutic system. Int J Pharm 2007; 338:15-20. [PMID: 17331682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to formulate a novel thermoresponsive membrane controlled therapeutic system from Metolose for possible transdermal application. Metolose gel shows thermal gelation property, which can be characterized by two (T(1), T(2)) temperatures. A sharp decrease of viscosity can be measured at T(1), but gelation can be observed at T(2). Different types of Metolose polymers were compared considering their thermoresponsive behaviour. Only thermal gelation was observed in the case of Metolose SM, while Metolose SH showed a sudden decrease of viscosity at T(1). Since this temperature is above the body temperature, so it should be shifted to the skin temperature in case of possible transdermal application. Modulation of thermoresponsibility was followed by rheological method, and the thermoresponsive drug release from Metolose gel was studied by static liberation test. Our results demonstrated that the effect of different salts (NaCl, NaHCO(3), KCl) of various concentrations in Metolose SH gel reduced T(1) to the skin temperature, which enabled enhanced drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Csóka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hogyes E. Street 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Csóka G, Marton S, Zelko R, Otomo N, Antal I. Application of sucrose fatty acid esters in transdermal therapeutic systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 65:233-7. [PMID: 16963242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTSs) were studied applying different sucrose fatty acid esters (SEs) as drug delivery agents. Matrix and membrane controlled TTSs were prepared and compared. Membrane was made from a methacrylic polymer (Eudragit NE) of pH independent permeability which can achieve diffusion controlled drug liberation. Model drug was a water soluble beta-blocker, metoprolol, which has short biological half-life, so applying it in a TTS, the duration of its action could be prolonged. Sucrose fatty acid esters of different fatty acid chain lengths and consequently different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values were studied considering their effect on the metoprolol release from TTSs. Different mathematical models were applied for the evaluation of the release process. The results of the in vitro studies indicated that SEs of shorter fatty acid chain length and higher HLB value increased the amount of released drug about 10 times. SEs could be promising agents in transdermal therapeutic systems to control the drug release and cutaneous absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Csóka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hogyes E. Str. 7, Hungary.
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25
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Rokas A, Atkinson RJ, Webster L, Csóka G, Stone GN. Out of Anatolia: longitudinal gradients in genetic diversity support an eastern origin for a circum-Mediterranean oak gallwasp Andricus quercustozae. Mol Ecol 2003; 12:2153-74. [PMID: 12859636 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have addressed the latitudinal gradients in intraspecific genetic diversity of European taxa generated during postglacial range expansion from southern refugia. Although Asia Minor is known to be a centre of diversity for many taxa, relatively few studies have considered its potential role as a Pleistocene refugium or a potential source for more ancient westward range expansion into Europe. Here we address these issues for an oak gallwasp, Andricus quercustozae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), whose distribution extends from Morocco along the northern coast of the Mediterranean through Turkey to Iran. We use sequence data for a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and allele frequency data for 12 polymorphic allozyme loci to answer the following questions: (1). which regions represent current centres of genetic diversity for A. quercustozae? Do eastern populations represent one refuge or several discrete glacial refugia? (2). Can we infer the timescale and sequence of the colonization processes linking current centres of diversity? Our results suggest that A. quercustozae was present in five distinct refugia (Iberia, Italy, the Balkans, southwestern Turkey and northeastern Turkey) with recent genetic exchange between Italy and Hungary. Genetic diversity is greatest in the Turkish refugia, suggesting that European populations are either (a). derived from Asia Minor, or (b). subject to more frequent population bottlenecks. Although Iberian populations show the lowest diversity for putatively selectively neutral markers, they have colonized a new oak host and represent a genetically and biologically discrete entity within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Rokas
- Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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26
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Marton S, Hatem A, Csóka G, Rácz I. [Preformulation study of atenolol-containing solutions.. I. The pH dependence of thermostability]. Acta Pharm Hung 2001; 71:192-5. [PMID: 11862668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The stability of atenolol solutions was evaluated under accelerated isothermal degradation conditions at 90 degrees C. A specific and sensitive HPLC method was adapted to study the pH dependence of the stability. The maximum stability of atenolol was achieved at pH 4 with a k value of 1.1 x 10(-3) h-1. The degradation of atenolol followed first-order kinetics at above mentioned conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marton
- Semmelweis Egyetem Budapest, Gyógyszerészeti Intézet 1092 Budapest, Hógyes E. u. 7
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27
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Stone G, Atkinson R, Rokas A, Csóka G, Nieves-Aldrey JL. Differential success in northwards range expansion between ecotypes of the marble gallwasp Andricus kollari: a tale of two lifecycles. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:761-78. [PMID: 11298986 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Marble gallwasp Andricus kollari has a native range divided into two geographically separated lifecycles. In Eastern Europe and Turkey, the lifecycle involves a sexual generation on Turkey oak, Quercus cerris, while in Iberia and North Africa the sexual generation host is cork oak, Q. suber. Over the last 500 years, A. kollari has expanded its range into northern Europe, following human planting of Q. cerris from Italy and the Balkans. We ask: (i) what is the genetic relationship between eastern and western distributions of Andricus kollari? Can we determine which lifecycle is ancestral, and how long ago they diverged? (ii) To what extent have eastern and western native ranges contributed to northwards range expansion? (iii) Is there any evidence for hybridization between the two life cycle types? We present analyses of allozyme data for 13 polymorphic loci and of sequence variation for a 433 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These show: (i) that four haplotype lineages (one in Spain, two in Hungary/Italy and one in Turkey) diverged more or less simultaneously between 1 and 2 million years ago, suggesting the existence of at least four refuges through recent ice age cycles. Our data cannot resolve which lifecycle type is ancestral. (ii) Populations north of putative refuges are divided into two sets. Populations in south-west France are allied to Spain, while all remaining populations in northern Europe have been colonized from Italy and the Balkans. (iii) The transition from one race to another in south-west France is marked by abrupt transitions in the frequency of refuge-specific private alleles and corresponds closely to the northern limit of the distribution of cork oak. Although hybrids were detected in north-west France, none were detected where the two lifecycles meet in south-western France. The biology of oak gallwasps predicts that any hybrid zone will be narrow, and limited to regions where Q. cerris and Q. suber meet. Our data suggest that eastern and western A. kollari are effectively separate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stone
- Edinburgh University, Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, The Ashworth Laboratories, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
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Balogh E, Csóka G, Dávid A, Rácz I. Temperature dependence of the molality of some pharmaceutical solutions. Pharmazie 2000; 55:953. [PMID: 11189876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Balogh
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Csóka G, Balogh E, Marton S, Farkas E, Rácz I. Examination of the polymorphism of piroxicam in connection with the preparation of a new "soft-patch" type pharmaceutical dosage form. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:813-6. [PMID: 10349569 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The influence of different solvents (propylene glycol, glycerol, ethanol), as well as different technological procedures (melting, rapid and slow cooling), on the formation of polymorphous piroxicam modifications was examined in the course of the elaboration of a "soft-patch" type of semisolid pharmaceutical dosage form. The thermodynamical behavior, some physicochemical properties (such as melting point, dissolution rate), and infrared (IR) spectrum of the formed (needle and cubic) crystal modifications were studied, and the possibilities of their formation and their avoidance were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Csóka
- Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Csóka G, Dredán J, Marton S, Antal I, Rácz I. Evaluation of different mathematical methods describing drug liberation from new, "soft-patch" type matrix systems. Pharm Dev Technol 1999; 4:291-4. [PMID: 10231891 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-100101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Csóka
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hatem A, Marton S, Csóka G, Rácz I. Preformulation studies of atenolol in oral liquid dosage form. I. Effect of pH and temperature. Acta Pharm Hung 1996; 66:177-80. [PMID: 9043148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The stability of atenolol solutions was evaluated under accelerated isothermal degradation conditions at 90 degrees C. A specific and sensitive HPLC method was adopted to study the pH dependence of the stability. The maximum stability of atenolol was achieved at pH 4. The degradation of atenolol followed first-order kinetics at 90 degrees C, pH 4 with k value of 1.1.10(-3) hour-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hatem
- Semmelweis University of Medicine, Pharmaceutical Institute
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33
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Rácz I, Marton S, Antal I, Plachy J, Csóka G. [Role of mass transfer processes in drug formulation]. Acta Pharm Hung 1996; 66:105-10. [PMID: 8975536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Authors call attention on the possibilities that drug release from solid preparations can be influenced by solubility and dissolution rate according to the clinical requirements regarding the duration of action. The therapeutic time interval may be modulated influencing the rate of absorption by controlling dissolution rate and changing the transport through the membranes. The results obtained from dissolution, absorption and efficacy studies of the evaluated active substances (magnesium oxide, metoprolol, nitrofurantoin) demonstrate the significance of mass transfer processes in the drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rácz
- Semmelweis Orvostudományi Egyetem Gyógyszerészeti Intézet
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Ambrus A, Csóka G. Studien über das Schwärmen und die Dichte-Abschätzung des Frostspanners,Operophthera brumata L. (Lep., Geometridae) mit Hilfe von Markierungen und Pheromofallen in Ungarn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01905052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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