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Szöcs L, Völgyi G, Urai Á, Hosztafi S, Tóth G, Gergó L, Noszál B. Site- and species-specific hydrolysis rates of cocaine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:372-378. [PMID: 28715790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxide-catalyzed non-enzymatic hydrolysis of cocaine is quantified in terms of ten site- and species-specific rate constants in connection with also ten site- and species-specific acid-base equilibrium constants, comprising all the twelve coexisting species in solution. This characterization involves the major and minor decomposition pathways via benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, respectively, leading to ecgonine, the final product. Hydrolysis has been found to be 10-330 times faster at site 2 than at site 3, depending on the ionization status of the amino moiety and the rest of the molecule. Nitrogen protonation accelerates the hydrolyses approximately ten times both at site 2 and site 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Szöcs
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Urai
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Gergó
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Numerical Analysis, Hungary
| | - Béla Noszál
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
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Domingue MJ, Lelito JP, Myrick AJ, Csóka G, Szöcs L, Imrei Z, Baker TC. Differences in spectral selectivity between stages of visually guided mating approaches in a buprestid beetle. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2837-2843. [PMID: 27401761 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.137885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectral mating preferences were examined in male Agrilus angustulus (Buprestidae: Coleoptera), a member of a taxon known for its high species diversity and striking metallic coloration. The spectral emission profile of a typical A. angustulus female displays low chroma, broadly overlapping that of the green oak leaves they feed and rest upon, while also including longer wavelengths. To pinpoint behaviorally significant spectral regions for A. angustulus males during mate selection, we observed their field approaches to females of five Agrilus planipennis color morphs that have greater chroma than the normal conspecific female targets. Agrilus angustulus males would initially fly equally frequently toward any of the three longest wavelength morphs (green, copper and red) whose spectral emission profiles all overlap that of typical A. angustulus females. However, they usually only completed approaches toward the two longest wavelength morphs, but not the green morphs. Thus, spectral preference influenced mate selection by A. angustulus males, and their discrimination of suitable targets became greater as these targets were approached. This increasing spectral discrimination when approaching targets may have evolved to allow female emissions to remain somewhat cryptic, while also being visible to conspecifics as distinct from the background vegetation and heterospecific competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Domingue
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lelito
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Brighton, MI 48116, USA
| | - Andrew J Myrick
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - György Csóka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred 3232, Hungary
| | - Levente Szöcs
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred 3232, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Imrei
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Thomas C Baker
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Szöcs L, Orgován G, Tóth G, Kraszni M, Gergó L, Hosztafi S, Noszál B. Site- and species-specific hydrolysis rates of heroin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:105-14. [PMID: 27130543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxide-catalyzed non-enzymatic, simultaneous and consecutive hydrolyses of diacetylmorphine (DAM, heroin) are quantified in terms of 10 site- and species-specific rate constants in connection with also 10 site- and species-specific acid-base equilibrium constants, comprising all the 12 coexisting species in solution. This characterization involves the major and minor decomposition pathways via 6-acetylmorphine and 3-acetylmorphine, respectively, and morphine, the final product. Hydrolysis has been found to be 18-120 times faster at site 3 than at site 6, depending on the status of the amino group and the rest of the molecule. Nitrogen protonation accelerates the hydrolysis 5-6 times at site 3 and slightly less at site 6. Hydrolysis rate constants are interpreted in terms of intramolecular inductive effects and the concomitant local electron densities. Hydrolysis fraction, a new physico-chemical parameter is introduced and determined to quantify the contribution of the individual microspecies to the overall hydrolysis. Hydrolysis fractions are depicted as a function of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Szöcs
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orgován
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Kraszni
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Gergó
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Numerical Analysis, Hungary
| | - Sándor Hosztafi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Noszál
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Group for Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hőgyes E. u. 9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary.
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