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Nikolič M, Viktorin V, Zach P, Tylš F, Dudysová D, Janků K, Kopřivová J, Kuchař M, Brunovský M, Horáček J, Páleníček T. Psilocybin intoxication did not affect daytime or sleep-related declarative memory consolidation in a small sample exploratory analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:78-88. [PMID: 37336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Psilocybin is investigated as a fast-acting antidepressant used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Intact cognitive functions, including memory, are one of the basic conditions of effective psychedelic-assisted therapy. While cognitive and memory processing is attenuated on various domains during psilocybin intoxication, the effect of psilocybin on the consolidation of memories learned outside of acute intoxication is not known. Thus the main aim of the current study was to test the effects of psilocybin on (A) memory consolidation of previously learned material just after the psilocybin session and (B) on overnight memory consolidation the night just after the psilocybin session. 20 healthy volunteers (10 M/10F) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. Effects on declarative memory consolidation in condition (A) The Groton Maze Learning Task and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were used, and for (B) the Pair Associative Learning Test was used. We did not find psilocybin to improve memory consolidation. At the same time, we did not find psilocybin to negatively affect memory consolidation in any of the tests used. This evidence adds to the safety profile for the use of psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nikolič
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Viktorin
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tylš
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Dudysová
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Janků
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovský
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.
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2
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Soares AO, Haelewaters D, Ameixa OMCC, Borges I, Brown PMJ, Cardoso P, de Groot MD, Evans EW, Grez AA, Hochkirch A, Holecová M, Honěk A, Kulfan J, Lillebø AI, Martinková Z, Michaud JP, Nedvěd O, Roy HE, Saxena S, Shandilya A, Sentis A, Skuhrovec J, Viglášová S, Zach P, Zaviezo T, Losey JE. A roadmap for ladybird conservation and recovery. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13965. [PMID: 35686511 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) provide services that are critical to food production, and they fulfill an ecological role as a food source for predators. The richness, abundance, and distribution of ladybirds, however, are compromised by many anthropogenic threats. Meanwhile, a lack of knowledge of the conservation status of most species and the factors driving their population dynamics hinders the development and implementation of conservation strategies for ladybirds. We conducted a review of the literature on the ecology, diversity, and conservation of ladybirds to identify their key ecological threats. Ladybird populations are most affected by climate factors, landscape composition, and biological invasions. We suggest mitigating actions for ladybird conservation and recovery. Short-term actions include citizen science programs and education, protective measures for habitat recovery and threatened species, prevention of the introduction of non-native species, and the maintenance and restoration of natural areas and landscape heterogeneity. Mid-term actions involve the analysis of data from monitoring programs and insect collections to disentangle the effect of different threats to ladybird populations, understand habitat use by taxa on which there is limited knowledge, and quantify temporal trends of abundance, diversity, and biomass along a management-intensity gradient. Long-term actions include the development of a worldwide monitoring program based on standardized sampling to fill data gaps, increase explanatory power, streamline analyses, and facilitate global collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- António O Soares
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group (cE3c-ABG) / CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island (Azores), Portugal
- IUCN SSC, Ladybird Specialist Group
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- IUCN SSC, Ladybird Specialist Group
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olga M C C Ameixa
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Borges
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group (cE3c-ABG) / CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel Island (Azores), Portugal
| | - Peter M J Brown
- Applied Ecology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michiel D de Groot
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Edward W Evans
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Audrey A Grez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, Trier, Germany
| | - Milada Holecová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alois Honěk
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - J P Michaud
- Agricultural Research Center - Hays (ARCH), Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Hays, Kansas, USA
| | - Oldřich Nedvěd
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helen E Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Swati Saxena
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Apoorva Shandilya
- Ladybird Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- UMR RECOVER, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE) & Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Sandra Viglášová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Tania Zaviezo
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - John E Losey
- IUCN SSC, Ladybird Specialist Group
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Viktorin V, Griškova-Bulanova I, Voicikas A, Dojčánová D, Zach P, Bravermanová A, Andrashko V, Tylš F, Korčák J, Viktorinová M, Koudelka V, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Brunovský M, Páleníček T. Psilocybin—Mediated Attenuation of Gamma Band Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) Is Driven by the Intensity of Cognitive and Emotional Domains of Psychedelic Experience. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061004. [PMID: 35743788 PMCID: PMC9225116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classical serotoninergic psychedelic that induces cognitive disruptions similar to psychosis. Gamma activity is affected in psychosis and is tightly related to cognitive processing. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are frequently used as indicators to test the ability to generate gamma activity. Based on previous literature, we studied the impact of psilocybin on 40 Hz ASSR in healthy volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with a crossover design. A sample of 20 healthy subjects (10M/10F) received psilocybin orally 0.26 mg/kg or placebo. Participants were measured four times in total, one time before ingestion of psilocybin/placebo and one time after ingestion, during the peak of intoxication. A series of 500 ms click trains were used for stimulation. Psilocybin induced a psychedelic effect and decreased 40 Hz ASSR phase-locking index compared to placebo. The extent of the attenuation was related to Cognition and Affect on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. The current study shows that psilocybin lowers the synchronization level and the amplitude of 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses, which yields further support for the role of gamma oscillations in cognitive processing and its disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Viktorin
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Dominika Dojčánová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Bravermanová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Andrashko
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tylš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Korčák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Michaela Viktorinová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Koudelka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
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Haelewaters D, Hiller T, Ceryngier P, Eschen R, Gorczak M, Houston ML, Kisło K, Knapp M, Landeka N, Pfliegler WP, Zach P, Aime MC, Nedvěd O. Do Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influence the Prevalence of a Common Parasite of the Invasive Alien Ladybird Harmonia axyridis? Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.773423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales), a fungal ectoparasite, is thus far reported on Harmonia axyridis from five continents: North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. While it is known that He. virescens can cause mortality of Ha. axyridis under laboratory conditions, the role of biotic and abiotic factors in influencing the distribution of He. virescens in the field is unknown. We collected and screened 3,568 adult Ha. axyridis from 23 locations in seven countries in Central Europe between October and November 2018 to test the effect of selected host characters and climate and landscape variables on the infection probability with He. virescens. Mean parasite prevalence of He. virescens on Ha. axyridis was 17.9%, ranging among samples from 0 to 46.4%. Host sex, climate, and landscape composition did not have any significant effect on the infection probability of He. virescens on Ha. axyridis. Two color forms, f. conspicua and f. spectabilis, had a significantly lower parasite prevalence compared to the common Ha. axyridis f. novemdecimsignata.
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Skuhrovec J, Roy HE, Brown PMJ, Kazlauskis K, Inghilesi AF, Soares AO, Adriaens T, Roy DB, Nedvěd O, Zach P, Viglášová S, Kulfan J, Honek A, Martinkova Z. Development of the European Ladybirds Smartphone Application: A Tool for Citizen Science. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.741854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife observations submitted by volunteers through citizen science initiatives are increasingly used within research and policy. Ladybirds are popular and charismatic insects, with most species being relatively easy to identify from photographs. Therefore, they are considered an appropriate taxonomic group for engaging people through citizen science initiatives to contribute long-term and large-scale datasets for use in many different contexts. Building on the strengths of a mass participation citizen science survey on ladybirds in the United Kingdom, we have developed a mobile application for ladybird recording and identification across Europe. The main aims of the application are to: (1) compile distribution data for ladybird species throughout Europe, and use this to assess changes in distribution over time; (2) connect and engage people in nature and increase awareness about the diversity and ecological importance of ladybirds. In developing the application we first constructed a database including ladybird species from the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal with associated information on relevant morphological features (e.g., size, main color, pronotum pattern) to inform identification. Additionally, the species were assessed on the basis of probability of occurrence within each country which enables users to reduce the number of species to only those with relevance to the location of the recorder. This is amongst the first collaborative citizen science approaches aimed at involving participants across Europe in recording a group of insects. In the near future, we aim to expand the use of the application to all countries in Europe.
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Honek A, Skuhrovec J, Martinkova Z, Kulfan J, Jauschova T, Zach P. Warm Mesoclimate Advances the Seasonal Dynamics of Harmonia axyridis in Urban Habitats. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.725397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2016–2019, seasonal changes in the abundance of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were established in the city center of Prague, Central Europe, and in its outskirts. Adults were sampled from lime trees (Tilia spp.) at regular intervals throughout the growing season. The abundance of H. axyridis paralleled the course of abundance of its prey, the aphid Eucallipterus tiliae L., which peaks either early or late in the season. As a result, the seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis were unimodal, with a peak in the early (late June—early July of 2017 and 2019) or late (late July—mid-September of 2016 and 2018) period of the season. In the early period, there was a small (1–4 days) difference in the timing of the peak of H. axyridis between the city center and the outskirts. In the late period, the peak occurred significantly earlier (by 13–21 days) in the city center due to the warmer climate there than in the outskirts. The difference in the timing of the population peak between both locations disappeared after recalculating the calendar to thermal time (number of day degrees above 10.6°C thresholds elapsed from the end of H. axyridis hibernation). The warm mesoclimate of the city center advances the seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis, contributing to the success of this invasive species in urban habitats.
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Dudysová D, Janků K, Šmotek M, Saifutdinova E, Kopřivová J, Bušková J, Mander BA, Brunovský M, Zach P, Korčák J, Andrashko V, Viktorinová M, Tylš F, Bravermanová A, Froese T, Páleníček T, Horáček J. The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:602590. [PMID: 33343372 PMCID: PMC7744693 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin’s antidepressant properties like other antidepressant drugs via induction of neuroplasticity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of psilocybin on sleep architecture on the night after psilocybin administration. Regarding the potential antidepressant properties, we hypothesized that psilocybin, similar to other classical antidepressants, would reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and prolong REM sleep latency. Moreover, we also hypothesized that psilocybin would promote slow-wave activity (SWA) expression in the first sleep cycle, a marker of sleep-related neuroplasticity. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, age 28–53) underwent two drug administration sessions, psilocybin or placebo, in a randomized, double-blinded design. Changes in sleep macrostructure, SWA during the first sleep cycle, whole night EEG spectral power across frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, and changes in subjective sleep measures were analyzed. The results revealed prolonged REM sleep latency after psilocybin administration and a trend toward a decrease in overall REM sleep duration. No changes in NREM sleep were observed. Psilocybin did not affect EEG power spectra in NREM or REM sleep when examined across the whole night. However, psilocybin suppressed SWA in the first sleep cycle. No evidence was found for sleep-related neuroplasticity, however, a different dosage, timing, effect on homeostatic regulation of sleep, or other mechanisms related to antidepressant effects may play a role. Overall, this study suggests that potential antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dudysová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolina Janků
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Šmotek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elizaveta Saifutdinova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Bušková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bryce Anthony Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Martin Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Zach
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jakub Korčák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | | | - Michaela Viktorinová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Tylš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Bravermanová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tom Froese
- Embodied Cognitive Science Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Mrzilkova J, Michenka P, Seremeta M, Kremen J, Dudak J, Zemlicka J, Musil V, Minnich B, Zach P. Morphology of the Vasculature and Blood Supply of the Brown Adipose Tissue Examined in an Animal Model by Micro-CT. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:7502578. [PMID: 32190678 PMCID: PMC7064829 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7502578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We performed micro-CT imaging of the vascular blood supply in the interscapular area of the brown adipose tissue in three mice with the use of intravascular contrast agent Aurovist™. Resulting 3D data rendering was then adapted into 2D resolution with visualization using false color system and grayscale images. These were then studied for the automatic quantification of the blood vessel density within this area. We found the highest most occurring density within arterioles or venules representing smaller blood vessels whereas with the increase of the vessel diameters a lower percentage rate of their presence was observed in the sample. Our study shows that micro-CT scanning in combination with Aurovist™ contrast is suitable for anatomical studies of interscapular area of brown adipose tissue blood vessel supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mrzilkova
- Specialized Laboratory of Experimental Imaging of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Michenka
- Specialized Laboratory of Experimental Imaging of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Seremeta
- Specialized Laboratory of Experimental Imaging of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Kremen
- Specialized Laboratory of Experimental Imaging of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Dudak
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - J. Zemlicka
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Musil
- Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B. Minnich
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - P. Zach
- Specialized Laboratory of Experimental Imaging of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Kutová M, Mrzílková J, Riedlová J, Zach P. Asymmetric Changes in Limbic Cortex and Planum Temporale in Patients with Alzheimer Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:1361-1368. [PMID: 30289075 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666181004142659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several cortical areas related to the limbic system that form the output from the hippocampal formation whose cellular and morphological features are important for the onset and progression of AD. We hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the size of cortical pyramidal neurons and that there would also be a hemispheric asymmetry between Alzheimer disease patients and controls. These differences would potentially be accompanied by an increase in the numbers of Fluoro-Jade B-positive degenerating cortical neurons and a corresponding decrease in the numbers of DAPI-stained cortical neuronal nuclei in subjects with AD compared to controls. Such changes could potentially be used as another marker in postmortem neuropathological diagnosis of AD. METHODS We measured absolute numbers of DAPI and Fluoro-Jade B stained cells in five cortical areas of the limbic system and four subareas of planum temporale in the post-mortem brains of subjects with Alzheimer disease. We also measured the size of pyramidal neurons in layer III in the five cortical areas of the limbic system in these subjects. All measurements were performed separately for the left and right hemisphere in order to identify asymmetries between the two hemispheres. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in numbers of DAPI stained cells in layers IV-VI of the anterior cingulate gyrus on the right side, in layers I-III of the posterior cingulate gyrus on the left side, in layers IV-VI in the transition region from superior temporal gyrus into planum temporale on the right and in layers IV-VI in the transition from planum temporale to insular cortex on the left. We also observed a significant increase in the numbers of Fluoro-Jade stained cells in layers I-III of the anterior cingulate gyrus and in layers I-III on the left and layers IV-VI of the right gyrus of Heschl. Shortening of the size of layer III pyramidal neurons in subjects with Alzheimer´s disease was found in the anterior cingulate gyrus on the right, in the posterior cingulate gyrus and entorhinal cortex on the left and on the right in the parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates asymmetries in different cortical regions of the temporal lobe that can be used as another marker in the postmortem diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kutová
- Institute of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Mrzílková
- Institute of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - J Riedlová
- Institute of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - P Zach
- Institute of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
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10
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Perner V, Rath T, Pirolt F, Glatter O, Wewerka K, Letofsky-Papst I, Zach P, Hobisch M, Kunert B, Trimmel G. Hot injection synthesis of CuInS2 nanocrystals using metal xanthates and their application in hybrid solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper indium sulfide nanocrystals with sizes of 3–4 nm were synthesized from metal xanthates in a hot injection reaction. After ligand exchange, their performance as acceptors in polymer/nanocrystal hybrid solar cells was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Perner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Franz Pirolt
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Otto Glatter
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Karin Wewerka
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Birgit Kunert
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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11
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Zúbrik M, Pilarska D, Kulfan J, Barta M, Hajek AE, Bittner TD, Zach P, Takov D, Kunca A, Rell S, Hirka A, Csóka G. Phytophagous larvae occurring in Central and Southeastern European oak forests as a potential host of Entomophaga maimaiga (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) - A field study. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 155:52-54. [PMID: 29758226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence and impact of Entomophaga maimaiga on both target and non-target phytophagous larvae. All six study plots, with low gypsy moth population density, were situated in Central and Southeastern European oak forests and E. maimaiga had previously been reported from these plots. Totally, 45 of 4,045 (1.13%) collected non-target larvae died due to fungal infections. No non-target insect specimen was infected by E.maimaiga, although the presence of the pathogen could not be fully excluded in three cadavers. Out of 1,780L.dispar larvae collected, 15individuals (0.84%) were infected by E.maimaiga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zúbrik
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Daniela Pilarska
- New Bulgarian University, Department of Natural Sciences, 21 Montevideo Str., Sofia 1618, Bulgaria; Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Jan Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marek Barta
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Tonya D Bittner
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601, USA.
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic.
| | - Danail Takov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Str., Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Andrej Kunca
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
| | - Slavomír Rell
- National Forest Centre, Forest Protection Service, Lesnícka 11, 969 01 Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic
| | - Anikó Hirka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary
| | - György Csóka
- NARIC Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, Mátrafüred, Hungary.
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12
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Kulfan J, Dvořáčková K, Zach P, Parák M, Svitok M. Distribution of Lepidopteran Larvae on Norway Spruce: Effects of Slope and Crown Aspect. Environ Entomol 2016; 45:436-445. [PMID: 26795212 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera associated with Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karsten, play important roles in ecosystem processes, acting as plant pests, prey for predators, and hosts for parasites and parasitoids. Their distribution patterns in spruce crowns and forests are only poorly understood. We examined how slope and crown aspect affect the occurrence and abundance of moth larvae on solitary spruce trees in a montane region in Central Europe. Moth larvae were collected from southern and northern crowns of trees growing on south- and north-facing slopes (four treatments) using emergence boxes at the end of winter and by the beating method during the growing season. Species responses to slope and crown aspect were not uniform. Treatment effects on moth larvae were stronger in the winter than during the growing season. In winter, the abundance of bud-boring larvae was significantly higher in northern than in southern crowns regardless of the slope aspect, while both slope and aspect had marginally significant effects on abundance of miners. During the growing season, the occurrence of free-living larvae was similar among treatments. Emergence boxes and beating spruce branches are complementary techniques providing valuable insights into the assemblage structure of moth larvae on Norway spruce. Due to the uneven distribution of larvae detected in this study, we recommend adoption of a protocol that explicitly includes sampling of trees from contrasting slopes and branches from contrasting crown aspect in all seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; ),
| | - Katarína Dvořáčková
- State Nature Conservancy SR, Administration CHKO Polana, J. M. Hurbana 20, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; )
| | - Michal Parák
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic (; ; )
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovak Republic , and Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Seestrasse 79, CH-6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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13
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Roy HE, Brown PMJ, Adriaens T, Berkvens N, Borges I, Clusella-Trullas S, Comont RF, De Clercq P, Eschen R, Estoup A, Evans EW, Facon B, Gardiner MM, Gil A, Grez AA, Guillemaud T, Haelewaters D, Herz A, Honek A, Howe AG, Hui C, Hutchison WD, Kenis M, Koch RL, Kulfan J, Lawson Handley L, Lombaert E, Loomans A, Losey J, Lukashuk AO, Maes D, Magro A, Murray KM, Martin GS, Martinkova Z, Minnaar IA, Nedved O, Orlova-Bienkowskaja MJ, Osawa N, Rabitsch W, Ravn HP, Rondoni G, Rorke SL, Ryndevich SK, Saethre MG, Sloggett JJ, Soares AO, Stals R, Tinsley MC, Vandereycken A, van Wielink P, Viglášová S, Zach P, Zakharov IA, Zaviezo T, Zhao Z. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Panigaj L, Zach P, Honěk A, Nedvěd O, Kulfan J, Martinková Z, Selyemová D, Viglášová S, Roy HE. The invasion history, distribution and colour pattern forms of the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pall.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Slovakia, Central Europe. Zookeys 2014:89-112. [PMID: 24899863 PMCID: PMC4042697 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.412.6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) has invaded and established in Slovakia. Following unintentional introduction in 2008, the spread of the alien coccinellid was very fast. By the end of 2009, it was recorded across the whole country, and by the end of 2012 it was widely distributed and common in various habitats, particularly gardens, orchards and urban areas, where it was most frequent on trees. The rate of eastward spread was approximately 200 km year-1, similar to the overall rate of spread in Europe. Between 2008 and 2012, the coccinellid was recorded in a total of 153 localities, in altitudes ranging from 98 to 1,250 m. Most records of this species were made in lowlands, hilly areas and valleys separating mountain ridges. However, it was only rarely documented in areas above 700 m a.s.l. The non-melanic colour form (f. succinea) was dominant along a longitudinal transect including eight urban areas across Slovakia, with the frequency of melanic forms (f. spectabilis and f. conspicua together) between 6.3 and 19.2% and a median equal to 10.5%. The invasion history and distribution of H. axyridis in Slovakia are discussed with regard to the time sequence of records, rate of spread, altitudinal distribution, anthropogenic dispersal, effective recording, proportion of melanic forms and other relevant aspects associated with the spread of this successful invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Panigaj
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Alois Honěk
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Nedvěd
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31c, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic ; Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre AS CR, Branišovská 31a, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Kulfan
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Martinková
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6 - Ruzyně, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Selyemová
- Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Sandra Viglášová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Helen E Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB United Kingdom
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15
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Bartos A, Zach P, Tintera J, Ripova D. O-05 - Visual assessment of hippocampo-horn proportion on brain mri as simple method for semi-quantification of the hippocampus in alzheimer disease. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)74105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Zach P, Mrzílková J, Řezáčová L, Stuchlík A, Valeš K. Delayed effects of elevated corticosterone level on volume of hippocampal formation in laboratory rat. Physiol Res 2010; 59:985-996. [PMID: 20533862 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied delayed effects of elevated plasma levels of corticosterone (Cort) on volumetry, neuronal quantity, and gross marks of neurodegeneration in the hippocampal formation of Long-Evans rats. Animals were exposed to increased CORT levels for three weeks via implanted subcutaneous pellets. Volumetry, neuronal quantification and gross marks of degeneration were measured seven weeks after the termination of CORT treatment. We observed significant differences in volumes and especially in laterality of hippocampal subfields between control and CORT-treated animals. We found that the left hippocampus was substantially larger than the right hippocampus in the corticosterone-treated group, but not in the control group. In the control group, on the other hand, right hippocampal volume was markedly higher than all other measured volumes (hippocampal left control, hippocampal left CORT-treated and hippocampal right CORT-treated). Left hippocampal volume did not differ between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zach
- Institute of Anatomy, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bartos A, Zach P, Ibrahim I, Ripova D. Visual rating and volumetry of hippocampus on magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer disease. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Kristofiková Z, Rícný J, Kozmiková I, Rípová D, Zach P, Klaschka J. Sex-dependent Actions of Amyloid Beta Peptides on Hippocampal Choline Carriers of Postnatal Rats. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:351-60. [PMID: 16733811 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-9026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease but their physiological function is still unknown. However, low pM-nM concentrations mediate a hypofunction of a basal forebrain cholinergic system without marked signs of neurotoxicity. In this study, we compared in vitro effects of soluble nonaggregated human Abeta 1-40 and 1-42 either on synaptosomal hemicholinium-3 sensitive choline carriers or on membrane fluidity in hippocampi of male and female Wistar rats aged 7 and 14 days or 2-3 months. The results indicate age- and sex-dependent effects mediated by peptides at nM concentrations but no significant differences between both fragments. Namely, opposite actions were observed in 14-day (the increase in the choline uptake and membrane fluidity) when compared to 7-day old and adult males (the mild drops). Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis revealed that the enhancement of the high-affinity choline transport in 14-day old males occurs via alterations in K (M )and the change was accompanied by a mild increase in the specific binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3. On the other hand, no age-dependent differences were found in females. Rat Abeta 1-40 mediated similar effects on 14-day old rats as the corresponding human fragment. Moreover, higher levels of soluble peptides were detected in immature when compared to mature male brains by means of competitive ELISA. Our study indicates that Abeta could play a role in postnatal sexual differentiation of hippocampal cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kristofiková
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Ustavní 91, Prague 8, Bohnice, 181 03, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kristofiková Z, Cermák M, Benesová O, Klaschka J, Zach P. Exposure of Postnatal Rats to a Static Magnetic Field of 0.14 T Influences Functional Laterality of the Hippocampal High-Affinity Choline Uptake System in Adulthood; In vitro Test with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Neurochem Res 2005; 30:253-62. [PMID: 15895829 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-005-2448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous experiments indicated an age- and sex-dependent functional lateralization of a high-affinity choline uptake system in hippocampi of Wistar rats. The system is connected with acetylcholine synthesis and also plays a role in spatial navigation. The current study demonstrates that a single in vivo exposure of 7- or 14-day-old males to a static magnetic field of 0.14 T for 60-120 min evokes asymmetric alterations in the activity of carriers in adulthood. Namely, the negative field (antiparallel orientation with a vertical component of the geomagnetic field) mediated a more marked decrease in the right hippocampus. The positive field (parallel orientation) was ineffective. Moreover, differences between the carriers from the right and the left hippocampi were observed on synaptosomes pretreated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles and exposed for 30 min in vitro. The positive field enhanced more markedly the activity of carriers from the right hippocampus, the negative that from the left hippocampus, on the contrary. Our results demonstrate functionally teratogenic risks of the alterations in the orientation of the strong static magnetic field for postnatal brain development and suggest functional specialization of both hippocampi in rats. Choline carriers could be involved as secondary receptors in magnetoreception through direct effects of geomagnetic field on intracellular magnetite crystals and nanoparticles applied in vivo should be a useful tool to evaluate magnetoreception in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kristofiková
- Prague Psychiatric Centre, Ustavní 91, 181 03, Prague 8, Bohnice, Czech Republic.
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Zach P, Kruzík P, Smetana K, Kvasnicka J, Petrovicky P. The brain lesion influences the numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes in the rat. J Hirnforsch 2000; 39:489-92. [PMID: 10841447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The mutual relationship between the central nervous and immune system are intensively studied. The lesion of distinct structures of the rat brain such as septum influence the model immune response such as lymphocyte proliferation and delayed skin hypersensitivity. Employing the model of the damage of septum in the rat brain by electrolesion we demonstrated the decrease of the number of peripheral blood leukocytes, mainly cells exhibiting CD25 and CD45RA antigens in the rat. The striatum destruction has much lower influence on the studied parameters, which suggests a specific effect of the septum on these hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zach
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Smetana K, Zach P, Nemcová V, Petrovický P, Gabius HJ. Experimental lesion of medial frontal cortex mediates inhibition of expression of carbohydrate-binding sites in the spleen macrophages in rat. Folia Biol (Praha) 2000; 45:87-90. [PMID: 10730895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental concept of a neuroimmunological network is well appreciated although detailed description of the individual mechanisms has not yet been attained. In an effort to close this gap, the effect of electrolesion of the frontal medial cortex, a structure with the known "immunoreactivity", on selected phenotypic features of spleen macrophages was studied. Since sugar receptors (lectins) are pivotal for recognition, custom-made tools termed neoglycoproteins were employed to delineate any injury-induced changes of their expression. The total number of macrophages in the spleen red pulp was assessed using the ED-1 monoclonal antibody. The results showed that after lesion of the medial frontal cortex, the extent of expression of carbohydrate-binding sites in red pulp spleen macrophages significantly decreased without affecting the total number of these cells. These data intimate that distinct brain regions are involved in the control of the phenotype of macrophages in the central lymphoid organs by currently elusive biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Smetana K, Petrovický P, Zach P, Nemcová V, Jelínková M, Vacík J, Gabius HJ. Brain lesion-induced alteration of selected phenotypic properties of spleen macrophages and their partial restoration in the course of foreign body reaction against intraperitoneally implanted polymers. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1999; 10:425-429. [PMID: 15348128 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008931231762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A lesion in the dorsoposterior part of the rat brain septum is known to exert an inhibitory effect on the delayed skin hypersensitivity and incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine into the lymphoid organs. To determine whether distinct properties of macrophages will also be modulated by this type of injury, we have focused upon the monitoring of expression of sugar receptors (lectins). In this study we show a reduction in the number of macrophages expressing carbohydrate-binding sites for asialoglycoproteins (beta-D-galactoside), alpha-D-mannoside and alpha-D-mannoside-6-phosphate in spleen macrophages after the lesion of the dorsoposterior septum of the brain in the rat. The number of ED-1+ macrophages was not influenced. The intraperitoneal injection of beads prepared from the copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate (30 wt %) elevated significantly the number of ED-1+ spleen macrophages and number of macrophages with binding site(s) recognizing asialoglycoproteins and alpha-D-mannoside-6-phosphate, respectively. These results indicate that a foreign-body reaction appears to be able to mediate a phenotypic restoration of lectin expression by spleen macrophages altered by the brain lesion. It can be suggested that, for example, a probable production of cytokines by the inflammatory cells colonizing the implanted beads plays a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Murali R, Wolfe JH, Erber R, Chice SM, Murali MR, Durkin HG, Zach P, Auci DL. Altered levels of urokinase on monocytes and in serum of children with AIDS; effects on lymphocyte activation and surface marker expression. J Leukoc Biol 1998; 64:198-202. [PMID: 9715259 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.64.2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase (UK) type plasminogen activator is a serine protease produced by activated human monocytes. Despite the well-documented roles played by UK in cell-mediated immunity in healthy humans, the roles played by UK in the derangements of cell-mediated immune responses observed in HIV disease remain largely undefined. In these studies the numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes bearing surface UK (UK+) as well as serum levels of UK (flow microfluorimetry and ELISA, respectively) were determined in children with AIDS and in healthy HIV-negative children. The effects of exogenous UK on lymphocyte activation (cell cycle analysis using living cells) and surface marker (CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19) expression (flow microfluorimetry using fixed cells) were also studied. Data are expressed as percent total cells. Numbers of UK+ lymphocytes in children with AIDS were similar to those observed in healthy children. In contrast, numbers of UK+ peripheral blood monocytes were dramatically decreased (> 70%) in the children with AIDS. However, serum levels of UK were increased (nearly threefold) in these children. When lymphocytes from these children were cultured with soluble UK, numbers of cells in S phase of cell cycle appeared suppressed. Incubation of fixed lymphocytes from either a child with AIDS or from a healthy child with exogenous UK appeared to increase numbers of cells expressing CD3. Incubation with UK had no effect on expression of any other surface marker (CD4, CD8, or CD19) using cells from the child with AIDS. In contrast, incubation with UK appeared to decrease (fivefold) numbers of cells expressing CD19 and increase numbers of cells expressing CD4 and CD8 only when fixed lymphocytes from a healthy HIV-negative child were used. The results suggest important roles for UK in regulation of lymphocyte surface markers in general and in CD3- and CD19-dependent lymphocyte activation pathways specifically. Furthermore, these studies add to a widening body of evidence implicating UK dysregulation in the pathogenesis of HIV disease and may point to pharmacological opportunities involving UK to delay or prevent progression of HIV infection into full-blown AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murali
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Werle E, Zach P. [Distribution of kininogen in the serum and tissues of rats and other mammals]. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem 1970; 8:186-189. [PMID: 5470738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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