1
|
Bárta J, Hájková K, Sikora A, Jurczyková T, Popelková D, Kalous P. Effect of a Nanocellulose Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Paper. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:73. [PMID: 38201738 PMCID: PMC10780965 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the emphasis is on increasing the durability of all products. For this reason, it is also advisable to look into extending the durability of paper products. The main reason for using flax pulp is that flax and cotton pulp are widely used for the production of banknotes due to their higher strength. This paper deals with flax pulp with the addition of nanocellulose, which should further enhance the mechanical properties of the pulp. The tensile strength, breaking length, and tensile energy absorption index were evaluated as the key mechanical properties. At the same time, the effect of the addition of nanocellulose, whether it was added to the pulp mass or applied to the later produced paper as a spray or coating, was tested in comparison to paper without the addition of nanocellulose. The best mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, were achieved for the highest addition of 5% of nanocellulose into the pulp, at 24.3 Nm∙g-1, and for the coating application, at 28.7 Nm∙g-1, compared to the flax pulp without the addition, where the tensile strength was 20.5 Nm∙g-1. The results of this research are used for the assessment of nanocellulose as a natural compatible additive to enhance the strength properties of cellulose-based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Bárta
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (A.S.); (T.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (A.S.); (T.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (A.S.); (T.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Tereza Jurczyková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (A.S.); (T.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Daniela Popelková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kalous
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (A.S.); (T.J.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jurczyková T, Šárovec O, Kačík F, Hájková K, Jurczyk T, Hrčka R. Chromophores' Contribution to Color Changes of Thermally Modified Tropical Wood Species. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4000. [PMID: 37836049 PMCID: PMC10574906 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work examines the effect of thermal modification temperature (180, 200, and 220 °C) in comparison with reference (untreated) samples on selected optical properties of six tropical wood species-Sp. cedar (Cedrala odorata), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), merbau (Intsia spp.), meranti (Shorea spp.), padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii), and teak (Tectona grandis). The main goal is to expand the existing knowledge in the field of wood thermal modification by understanding the related degradation mechanisms associated with the formation of chromophoric structures and, above all, to focus on the change in the content of extractive substances. For solid wood, the CIELAB color space parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE*), yellowness (Y), ISO brightness, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra were obtained. Subsequently, these wood samples were extracted into three individual solvents (acetone, ethanol, and ethanol-toluene). The yields of the extracted compounds, their absorption spectra, and again L*, a*, b*, ΔE*, and Yi parameters were determined. With increasing temperatures, the samples lose brightness and darken, while their total color difference grows (except merbau). The highest yield of extractives (mainly phenolic compounds, glycosides, and dyes) from thermally modified samples was usually obtained using ethanol. New types of extractives (e.g., 2-furaldehyde, lactones, formic acid, some monomer derivatives of phenols, etc.) are already created around a temperature of 180 °C and may undergo condensation reactions at higher temperatures. For padouk, merbau, teak, and partially iroko modified at temperatures of 200 and 220 °C, there was a detected similarity in the intensities of their UV-Vis DR spectra at the wavelength regions corresponding to phenolic aldehydes, unsaturated ketones, quinones, stilbenes, and other conjugated carbonyl structures. Overall, a statistical assessment using PCA sorted the samples into five clusters. Cluster 3 consists of almost all samples modified at 200 and 220 °C, and in the other four, the reference and thermally modified samples at 180 °C were distributed. The yellowness of wood (Y) has a very high dependence (r = 0.972) on its brightness (L*) and the yellowness index of the extractives in acetone Yi(Ac), whose relationship was described by the equation Y = -0.0951 × Y(Ac) + 23.3485.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Jurczyková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.Š.); (K.H.)
| | - Ondřej Šárovec
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.Š.); (K.H.)
| | - František Kačík
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.Š.); (K.H.)
| | - Tomáš Jurczyk
- TIBCO Software s.r.o., Klimentská 1216/46, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Richard Hrčka
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hájková K, Filipi M, Fojtík R, Dorieh A. Application of Alkali Lignin and Spruce Sawdust for the Effective Removal of Reactive Dyes from Model Wastewater. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104114. [PMID: 37241853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the emphasis is on environmentally friendly materials. Alkali lignin and spruce sawdust are suitable natural alternatives for removing dyes from wastewater. The main reason for using alkaline lignin as a sorbent is the recovery of waste black liquor from the paper industry. This work deals with removing dyes from wastewater using spruce sawdust and lignin at two different temperatures. The decolorization yields were calculated as the final values. Increasing the temperature during adsorption leads to higher decolorization yields, which may be due to the fact that some substances react only at elevated temperatures. The results of this research are useful for the treatment of industrial wastewater in paper mills, and the waste black liquor (alkaline lignin) can be used as a biosorbent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Filipi
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 572, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Fojtík
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Dorieh
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Němec M, Hájková K, Hýsek Š. Paper-Based Laminates Impregnated with a Hybrid Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2669. [PMID: 37048965 PMCID: PMC10096454 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high-pressure laminates (HPL) impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins enriched with kraft lignin were developed. Pulverised kraft lignin was added to the commercial PF resin in the amounts of 1% and 5% (solid to solid). Laminates were manufactured using pressure impregnation of the resins into the papers and using hot pressing of HPL in a laboratory press. Laminates with a lignin content of 1% (L-LPF-1) showed the highest bending strength (72.42 MPa) and Brinell hardness (9.41); they also exhibited the best moisture uptake (9.61) and thickness swelling after immersion in water (3.32%). Except for impact bending, laminates with a lignin content of 5% (L-LPF-5) had worse properties. However, the differences between the variants are mostly not statistically significant and are comparable with the results of commercial PF resin. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the homogenous structure of produced laminates and the occurrence of cohesive failures in ruptured L-LPF-1 laminates, whereas in ruptured L-LPF-5 laminates adhesive failures were also observed. Based on the conducted research it can be said that the utilisation of kraft lignin as an additive to PF resin (in the amount of 1%) has a positive effect on the produced HPL.
Collapse
|
5
|
Syrová K, Šíchová K, Danda H, Lhotková E, Jorratt P, Pinterová-Leca N, Vejmola Č, Olejníková-Ladislavová L, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Páleníček T. Acute pharmacological profile of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe in male Wistar rats—pharmacokinetics, effects on behaviour and thermoregulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120419. [PMID: 36969854 PMCID: PMC10033663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:N-2-methoxy-benzylated (“NBOMe”) analogues of phenethylamine are a group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) with reported strong psychedelic effects in sub-milligram doses linked to a number of severe intoxications, including fatal ones. In our present work, we provide a detailed investigation of pharmacokinetics and acute behavioural effects of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-4-yl)-N-[(2-methoxybenzyl]ethan-1-amine), an analogue of popular psychedelic entactogen 2C-B (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine).Methods: All experiments were conducted on adult male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (1 mg/kg subcutaneously; s. c.) in blood serum and brain tissue were analysed over 24 h using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). For examination of behavioural parameters in open field test (OFT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reaction (ASR), 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg s. c.) was administered in two temporal onsets: 15 and 60 min after administration. Thermoregulatory changes were evaluated in individually and group-housed animals over 8 h following the highest dose used in behavioural experiments (5 mg/kg s. c.).Results: Peak drug concentrations were detected 30 and 60 min after the drug application in serum (28 ng/ml) and brain tissue (171 ng/g), respectively. The parental compound was still present in the brain 8 h after administration. Locomotor activity was dose-dependently reduced by the drug in both temporal testing onsets. ASR was also strongly disrupted in both temporal onsets, drug’s effect on PPI was weaker. 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe did not cause any significant thermoregulatory changes.Discussion: Our results suggest that 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe penetrates animal brain tissue in a relatively slow manner, induces significant inhibitory effects on motor performance, and attenuates sensorimotor gating. Its overall profile is similar to closely related analogue 2C-B and other NBOMe substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Olejníková-Ladislavová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hájková K, Jurczyková T, Filipi M, Bouček J. Chemical pulp from corn stalks. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2023; 37:e00786. [PMID: 36844885 PMCID: PMC9945710 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to carry out chemical cooking of corn stalks, both in a nitrate-alkaline manner and in a soda pulp method. The composition of corn is characterized by cellulose, lignin, ash, and substances extractable into polar and organic solvents. Handsheets were made from the pulp, for which the degree of polymerization, sedimentation rate, and strength properties was determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic,Corresponding author.
| | - Tereza Jurczyková
- Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Filipi
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bouček
- Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic,Czech University of Life Science Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Ecology, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sikora A, Hájková K, Jurczyková T. Degradation of Chemical Components of Thermally Modified Robinia pseudoacacia L. Wood and Its Effect on the Change in Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415652. [PMID: 36555291 PMCID: PMC9779709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, emphasis is placed on using environmentally friendly materials both from a structural point of view and the application of protective means. For this reason, it is advisable to deal with the thermal modification of wood, which does not require the application of protective substances, to increase its service life. The main reason for the thermal modification of black locust is that although black locust grows abundantly in our country, it has no industrial use. It is mainly used outdoors, where thermal modification could increase its resistance. This article deals with the thermal modification of black locust wood (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and the impact of this modification on the chemical components of the wood with an overlap in the change in mechanical properties compared to untreated wood. Static (LOP, MOR, and MOE) and dynamic (IBS) bending properties were evaluated as representative mechanical properties. At the same time, the impact of thermal modification on the representation of chemical components of wood (cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose) was also tested. As a result of the heat treatment, the mechanical properties gradually decreased as the temperature increased. The highest decrease in mechanical values found at 210 °C was 43.7% for LOP and 45.1% for MOR. Thermal modification caused a decrease in the content of wood polysaccharides (the decrease in hemicelluloses content was 33.2% and the drop in cellulose was about 29.9% in samples treated at 210 °C), but the relative amount of lignin in the wood subjected to increased temperature was higher due to autocondensation, and mainly because of polysaccharide loss. Based on the correlations between chemical and mechanical changes caused by thermal modification, it is possible to observe the effects of reducing the proportions of chemical components and changes in their characteristic properties (DP, TCI) on the reduction in mechanical properties. The results of this research serve to better understand the behavior of black locust wood during thermal modification, which can primarily be used to increase its application use.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gotvaldová K, Borovička J, Hájková K, Cihlářová P, Rockefeller A, Kuchař M. Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214068. [PMID: 36430546 PMCID: PMC9693126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since not only psilocybin (PSB) but also PSB-containing mushrooms are used for psychedelic therapy and microdosing, it is necessary to know their concentration variability in wild-grown mushrooms. This article aimed to determine the PSB, psilocin (PS), baeocystin (BA), norbaeocystin (NB), and aeruginascin (AE) concentrations in a large sample set of mushrooms belonging to genera previously reported to contain psychotropic tryptamines. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify tryptamine alkaloids in the mushroom samples. Most mushroom collections were documented by fungarium specimens and/or ITS rDNA/LSU/EF1-α sequencing. Concentrations of five tryptamine alkaloids were determined in a large sample set of 226 fruiting bodies of 82 individual collections from seven mushroom genera. For many mushroom species, concentrations of BA, NB, and AE are reported for the first time. The highest PSB/PS concentrations were found in Psilocybe species, but no tryptamines were detected in the P. fuscofulva and P. fimetaria collections. The tryptamine concentrations in mushrooms are extremely variable, representing a problem for mushroom consumers due to the apparent risk of overdose. The varied cocktail of tryptamines in wild mushrooms could influence the medicinal effect compared to therapy with chemically pure PSB, posing a serious problem for data interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gotvaldová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Praha 6, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220444431
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Viktorin V, Griškova-Bulanova I, Voicikas A, Dojčánová D, Zach P, Bravermanová A, Andrashko V, Tylš F, Korčák J, Viktorinová M, Koudelka V, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Brunovský M, Páleníček T. Psilocybin—Mediated Attenuation of Gamma Band Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) Is Driven by the Intensity of Cognitive and Emotional Domains of Psychedelic Experience. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061004. [PMID: 35743788 PMCID: PMC9225116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classical serotoninergic psychedelic that induces cognitive disruptions similar to psychosis. Gamma activity is affected in psychosis and is tightly related to cognitive processing. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are frequently used as indicators to test the ability to generate gamma activity. Based on previous literature, we studied the impact of psilocybin on 40 Hz ASSR in healthy volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with a crossover design. A sample of 20 healthy subjects (10M/10F) received psilocybin orally 0.26 mg/kg or placebo. Participants were measured four times in total, one time before ingestion of psilocybin/placebo and one time after ingestion, during the peak of intoxication. A series of 500 ms click trains were used for stimulation. Psilocybin induced a psychedelic effect and decreased 40 Hz ASSR phase-locking index compared to placebo. The extent of the attenuation was related to Cognition and Affect on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. The current study shows that psilocybin lowers the synchronization level and the amplitude of 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses, which yields further support for the role of gamma oscillations in cognitive processing and its disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Viktorin
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Dominika Dojčánová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Bravermanová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Andrashko
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tylš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Korčák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Michaela Viktorinová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Koudelka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nykodemová J, Šuláková A, Palivec P, Češková H, Rimpelová S, Šíchová K, Leonhardt T, Jurásek B, Hájková K, Páleníček T, Kuchař M. 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe Metabolites in Rat Urine, Human Liver Microsomes and C. elegans: Confirmation with Synthesized Analytical Standards. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110775. [PMID: 34822433 PMCID: PMC8624686 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds from the N-benzylphenethylamine (NBPEA) class of novel psychoactive substances are being increasingly utilized in neurobiological and clinical research, as diagnostic tools, or for recreational purposes. To understand the pharmacology, safety, or potential toxicity of these substances, elucidating their metabolic fate is therefore of the utmost interest. Several studies on NBPEA metabolism have emerged, but scarce information about substances with a tetrahydrobenzodifuran ("Fly") moiety is available. Here, we investigated the metabolism of 2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine (2C-B-Fly-NBOMe) in three different systems: isolated human liver microsomes, Cunninghamella elegans mycelium, and in rats in vivo. Phase I and II metabolites of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe were first detected in an untargeted screening and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Several hypothesized metabolites were then synthesized as reference standards; knowledge of their fragmentation patterns was utilized for confirmation or tentative identification of isomers. Altogether, thirty-five phase I and nine phase II 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe metabolites were detected. Major detected metabolic pathways were mono- and poly-hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidative debromination, and to a lesser extent also N-demethoxybenzylation, followed by glucuronidation and/or N-acetylation. Differences were observed for the three used media. The highest number of metabolites and at highest concentration were found in human liver microsomes. In vivo metabolites detected from rat urine included two poly-hydroxylated metabolites found only in this media. Mycelium matrix contained several dehydrogenated, N-oxygenated, and dibrominated metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Nykodemová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Anna Šuláková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Petr Palivec
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Hedvika Češková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +420-220-444-431 (M.K.)
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +420-220-444-431 (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Štefková-Mazochová K, Danda H, Dehaen W, Jurásek B, Šíchová K, Pinterová-Leca N, Mazoch V, Krausová BH, Kysilov B, Smejkalová T, Vyklický L, Kohout M, Hájková K, Svozil D, Horsley RR, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and behavioural studies of deschloroketamine in Wistar rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:65-83. [PMID: 34519023 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deschloroketamine (DCK), a structural analogue of ketamine, has recently emerged on the illicit drug market as a recreational drug with a modestly long duration of action. Despite it being widely used by recreational users, no systematic research on its effects has been performed to date. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacokinetics, acute effects, and addictive potential in a series of behavioural tests in Wistar rats were performed following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of DCK (5, 10, and 30 mg·kg-1 ) and its enantiomers S-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ) and R-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ). Additionally, activity at human N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS DCK rapidly crossed the blood brain barrier, with maximum brain levels achieved at 30 min and remaining high at 2 h after administration. Its antagonist activity at NMDA receptors is comparable to that of ketamine with S-DCK being more potent. DCK had stimulatory effects on locomotion, induced place preference, and robustly disrupted PPI. Locomotor stimulant effects tended to disappear more quickly than disruptive effects on PPI. S-DCK had more pronounced stimulatory properties than its R-enantiomer. However, the potency in disrupting PPI was comparable in both enantiomers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DCK showed similar behavioural and addictive profiles and pharmacodynamics to ketamine, with S-DCK being in general more active. It has a slightly slower pharmacokinetic profile than ketamine, which is consistent with its reported longer duration of action. These findings have implications and significance for understanding the risks associated with illicit use of DCK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Mazoch
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hrčka Krausová
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kysilov
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Smejkalová
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklický
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Svozil
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel R Horsley
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hájková K, Bouček J, Procházka P, Kalous P, Budský D. Nitrate-Alkaline Pulp from Non-Wood Plants. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133673. [PMID: 34279243 PMCID: PMC8269876 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because there is a lack of wood resources in many countries, this work focused on pulp and paper production from the waste and agricultural residues of non-wood plants. The work aimed to pulp the nitrate-alkaline of black mustard (Brassica Nigra L.) and camelina (Camelina Sativa L.). The black mustard and the camelina were selected due to the expanding planted areas of these crops in the Czech Republic. To characterize the chemical composition of black mustard and camelina, cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractives were determined. Raw alpha-cellulose, beta-cellulose, and gamma-cellulose were also measured. The results showed that the content of lignin in non-wood plants is lower than that in softwoods. The cooked pulp was characterized by the delignification degree–Kappa number. Additionally, handsheet papers were made for selected samples of pulp. The handsheet papers were characterized by tensile index, breaking length, and smoothness and compared with commonly available papers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiří Bouček
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Petr Procházka
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kalous
- Secondary and Higher Vocational School of Packaging Technology in Štětí, Kostelní 134, 411 08 Štětí, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominik Budský
- Secondary and Higher Vocational School of Packaging Technology in Štětí, Kostelní 134, 411 08 Štětí, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gotvaldová K, Hájková K, Borovička J, Jurok R, Cihlářová P, Kuchař M. Stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:439-446. [PMID: 33119971 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin are tryptamines structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Psilocybin and its pharmacologically active metabolite psilocin in particular are known for their psychoactive effects. These substances typically occur in most species of the genus Psilocybe (Fungi, Strophariaceae). Even the sclerotia of some of these fungi known as "magic truffles" are of growing interest in microdosing due to them improving cognitive function studies. In addition to microdosing studies, psilocybin has also been applied in clinical studies, but only its pure form has been administrated so far. Moreover, the determination of tryptamine alkaloids is used in forensic analysis. In this study, freshly cultivated fruit bodies of Psilocybe cubensis were used for monitoring stability (including storage and processing conditions of fruiting bodies). Furthermore, mycelium and the individual parts of the fruiting bodies (caps, stipes, and basidiospores) were also examined. The concentration of tryptamines in final extracts was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. No tryptamines were detected in the basidiospores, and only psilocin was present at 0.47 wt.% in the mycelium. The stipes contained approximately half the amount of tryptamine alkaloids (0.52 wt.%) than the caps (1.03 wt.%); however, these results were not statistically significant, as the concentration of tryptamines in individual fruiting bodies is highly variable. The storage conditions showed that the highest degradation of tryptamines was seen in fresh mushrooms stored at -80°C, and the lowest decay was seen in dried biomass stored in the dark at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gotvaldová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jurok
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nemeškalová A, Hájková K, Mikulů L, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Combination of UV and MS/MS detection for the LC analysis of cannabidiol-rich products. Talanta 2020; 219:121250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hájková K, Jurásek B, Čejka J, Štefková K, Páleníček T, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Synthesis and identification of deschloroketamine metabolites in rats' urine and a quantification method for deschloroketamine and metabolites in rats' serum and brain tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:343-360. [PMID: 31670910 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissociative anesthetics have also come to the attention of the psychiatric field due to their potential properties in the treatment of depression. At present, there is a dearth of information on deschloroketamine related to its metabolism, biodistribution, and its mechanism of action. We have therefore carried out a metabolomics study for deschloroketamine via non-targeted screening of urine samples employing liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We developed and validated a multiple reaction monitoring method using a triple quadrupole instrument to track metabolites of deschloroketamine. Furthermore, significant metabolites of deschloroketamine, (trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine, cis- and trans-dihydronordeschloroketamine, and nordeschloroketamine), were synthesized in-house. The prepared standards were utilized in the developed multiple reaction monitoring method. The quantification method for serum samples provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 86% to 112% with precision of 3% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine were lower than 10 ng/mL, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 860 ng/mL in real samples. The quantification method for brain tissue provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 80% to 125% with precision of 7% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 70 ng/g, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine varied from 0.5 to 4700 ng/g in real samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uttl L, Szczurowska E, Hájková K, Horsley RR, Štefková K, Hložek T, Šíchová K, Balíková M, Kuchař M, Micale V, Páleníček T. Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Indole-Derived Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 as Compared to the Phytocannabinoid Δ 9-THC in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:703. [PMID: 30405327 PMCID: PMC6206206 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid compounds are marketed as “legal” marijuana substitutes, even though little is known about their behavioral effects in relation to their pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, in the present study we assessed the behavioral effects of systemic treatment with the two synthetic cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 and the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC on locomotor activity, anxiety-like phenotype (in the open field) and sensorimotor gating (measured as prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, PPI), in relation to cannabinoid serum levels. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously (sc.) with JWH-073 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), JWH-210 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), Δ9-THC (1 or 3 mg/kg) or vehicle (oleum helanti) in a volume of 0.5 ml/kg and tested in the open field and PPI. Although JWH-073, JWH-210, Δ9-THC (and its metabolites) were confirmed in serum, effects on sensorimotor gating were absent, and locomotor activity was only partially affected. Δ9-THC (3 mg/kg) elicited an anxiolytic-like effect as suggested by the increased time spent in the center of the open field (p < 0.05). Our results further support the potential anxiolytic-like effect of pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libor Uttl
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ewa Szczurowska
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rachel R Horsley
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hložek
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Marie Balíková
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
AbstractThe paper deals with the displacement washing of unbleached pulp cooked from rapeseed straw by soda pulping under laboratory conditions. Pulp fibres were characterised by their average length, as well as by effective specific volume and surface. Using the step function input change method, the washing breakthrough curves measured for alkali lignin as a tracer were described by the dispersed plug flow model containing a dimensionless criterion, the Péclet number. Besides the wash yield, the dispersion coefficient as well as the mean residence time and space time were evaluated. Preliminary results obtained for soda rapeseed pulp were compared with those for kraft hardwood (beech) and softwood (spruce, pine) pulps published earlier. The wash yield measured for soda pulp was found to be lower than that for hardwood and softwood pulps which manifested lower hydraulic resistance. The presence of silique valves in rapeseed straw resulted in lower mean residence time of lignin removed from the pulp bed in comparison with pulp manufactured from stalks only.
Collapse
|
19
|
Vrana B, Mills GA, Leonards PEG, Kotterman M, Weideborg M, Hajšlová J, Kocourek V, Tomaniová M, Pulkrabová J, Suchanová M, Hájková K, Herve S, Ahkola H, Greenwood R. Field performance of the Chemcatcher passive sampler for monitoring hydrophobic organic pollutants in surface water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:863-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b923073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
20
|
Hájková K, Pulkrabová J, Hajslová J, Randák T, Zlábek V. Chub (Leuciscus cephalus) as a bioindicator of contamination of the Vltava River by synthetic musk fragrances. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2007; 53:390-6. [PMID: 17728991 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic musk fragrances, which are contained in almost all scented consumer products, enter aquatic environment mainly by way of wastewater paths. To monitor contamination of the Vltava River by these relatively persistent chemicals in the surroundings of Prague industrialized agglomeration, chub (Leuciscus cephalus) was employed as a bioindicator. Validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for fish sample examination. Polycyclic musks, represented by 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-(gamma)-2-benzopyran (galaxolide) and 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-ethanone (tonalide) were the most abundant representatives of this group; their levels in fillets were in the range of 1.7 to 105.9 microg/kg and 0.9 to 19.3 microg/kg wet weight, respectively. Nitro-musks, musk ketone, and musk xylene were also detected in most samples; nevertheless, their levels were lower, <or=2 microg/kg. Significant contamination of resident fish was recognised in the locality of Klecany, which is located 6 km downstream from a large municipal sewage-treatment plant (STP). High levels of musks found in the locality of Vranany, 32 km downstream from Prague STP, were caused not only by this emission source but probably also by the effluents from the local plant that produces cleaning agents in Velvary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hájková
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|