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Šíchová K, Syrová K, Kofroňová E, Pinterova‐Leca N, Vejmola Č, Nykodemová J, Palivec P, Olejníková L, Danda H, Jorratt P, Adam Š, Hiep BQ, Štefková‐Mazochová K, Končická M, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, thermoregulation and acute behavioural effects of 25CN‐NBOMe. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13216. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterova‐Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Nykodemová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Palivec
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Šafanda Adam
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bui Quang Hiep
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Končická
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Knytl P, Voráčková V, Dorazilová A, Rodriguez M, Cvrčková A, Kofroňová E, Kuchař M, Kratochvílová Z, Šustová P, Čerešňáková S, Mohr P. Neuroactive Steroids and Cognitive Functions in First-Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Healthy Siblings. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31275177 PMCID: PMC6591670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroactive steroids (NAS) affect neurotransmitter systems and cognition; thus, they play role in etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Aims: The primary aim was to examine cognition and effects of NAS on cognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis patients and in their healthy siblings. The secondary aims were to verify whether cognitive deficit is an endophenotype of psychosis and whether higher NAS levels represent a high-risk factor for psychosis. Methods: Studied participants were 1) patients with first episode of psychosis, 2) healthy siblings of the patients, and 3) matching healthy controls. Study procedures included administration of a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing six cognitive domains and examination of NAS plasma levels [cortisol (CORT), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), testosterone (TEST), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and progesterone (PROG)]. Results: A total of 67 subjects were analyzed (16 patients, 22 siblings, and 29 controls). Significant group differences were found in most of the cognitive domains; the patients had the lowest scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant group differences in CORT levels (p < 0.01), TEST (p < 0.01), and DHT (p < 0.001); no difference was found in PROG, DHEA, and DOC. All cognitive domains, except for attention, were affected by the NAS levels. CORT levels of patients correlated with speed of processing (r = 0.55) and working memory (r = 0.52), while PROG levels correlated with abstraction (r = -0.63). In siblings, there was a negative correlation between TEST levels and verbal memory (r = -0.51) and PROG with attention (r = -0.47). Conclusions: Our results verified that individual domains of cognitive deficit (abstraction and verbal memory) can be considered as an endophenotype of psychosis. Higher levels of cortisol and testosterone in siblings are consistent with high-risk states for psychosis. Multiple interactions between NAS and cognitive functioning, particularly memory functions, were observed. Study limitations (small sample size and administration of antipsychotic medication) did not allow us to establish unequivocally NAS as an endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Knytl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Voráčková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aneta Dorazilová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aneta Cvrčková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kuchař
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Petra Šustová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Silvie Čerešňáková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Mohr
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Votavová A, Tomčala A, Kofroňová E, Kudzejová M, Šobotník J, Jiroš P, Komzáková O, Valterová I. Seasonal Dynamics in the Chemistry and Structure of the Fat Bodies of Bumblebee Queens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142261. [PMID: 26559946 PMCID: PMC4641598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects’ fat bodies are responsible for nutrient storage and for a significant part of intermediary metabolism. Thus, it can be expected that the structure and content of the fat body will adaptively change, if an insect is going through different life stages. Bumblebee queens belong to such insects as they dramatically change their physiology several times over their lives in relation to their solitary overwintering, independent colony foundation stage, and during the colony life-cycle ending in the senescent stage. Here, we report on changes in the ultrastructure and lipid composition of the peripheral fat body of Bombus terrestris queens in relation to seasonal changes in the queens’ activity. Six life stages are defined and evaluated in particular: pharate, callow, before and after hibernation, egg-laying, and senescence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the fat body contained two main cell types–adipocytes and oenocytes. Only adipocytes reveal important changes related to the life phase, and mostly the ration between inclusion and cytoplasm volume varies among particular stages. Both electron microscopy and chemical analyses of lipids highlighted seasonal variability in the quantity of the stored lipids, which peaked prior to hibernation. Triacylglycerols appeared to be the main energy source during hibernation, while the amount of glycogen before and after hibernation remained unchanged. In addition, we observed that the representation of some fatty acids within the triacylglycerols change during the queen’s life. Last but not least, we show that fat body cell membranes do not undergo substantial changes concerning phospholipid composition in relation to overwintering. This finding supports the hypothesis that the cold-adaptation strategy of bumblebee queens is more likely to be based on polyol accumulation than on the restructuring of lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kudzejová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šobotník
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jiroš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Irena Valterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Kofroňová E, Nekola A, Cvačka J, Kindl J, Valterová I. Fatty acids from pool lipids as possible precursors of the male marking pheromone in bumblebees. Molecules 2014; 19:2330-43. [PMID: 24566306 PMCID: PMC6271375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TGs) stored in the fat bodies of bumblebee males have a species-specific composition. The striking structural similarities between TG fatty acids (FAs) and components of the male marking pheromone in certain species led to the hypothesis that FAs may serve as precursors in pheromone biosynthesis. Here, we analysed TGs from B.ruderatus, B. bohemicus, and B. campestris. Nonadec-9-ene and icos-15-en-1-ol are the main components of B. ruderatus labial gland secretion, forming up to 92% of the gland extract. The corresponding icos-11-enic and icos-15-enic acids were found in TGs at levels higher than usual for bumblebee species. We found similar relationships in B. campestris and B. bohemicus. These results suggest that FAs might be precursors of aliphatic compounds in the male pheromones. Furthermore, we report for the first time the pheromone structure of B. ruderatus males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Kofroňová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Nekola
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Kindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Valterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic.
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Jiroš P, Cvačka J, Hanus R, Kindl J, Kofroňová E, Valterová I. Changes in the composition of triacylglycerols in the fat bodies of bumblebee males during their lifetime. Lipids 2011; 46:863-71. [PMID: 21720931 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The age-dependent changes in the composition of triacylglycerols (TAG) in the fat bodies of bumblebee males were studied using HPLC/MS. Two related species (Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum) were compared, with the age of the males being 0-30 days. The total amount of TAG in B. lucorum was about 2.7 times higher than that in B. terrestris for all of the ages studied. One to three-day-old males had the highest content of TAG in their fat bodies (1.6-2.3 mg/individual in B. terrestris and 3.8-4.2 mg/individual in B. lucorum). The analytical data show different patterns in both species. The qualitative composition of fatty acids in TAG was similar, but the mean relative abundance between B. terrestris and B. lucorum differed: 14:0, 7 and 14%; 16:0, 20 and 44%; 18:3, 62 and 23%; 18:1, 3 and 8%, respectively (the data is based on a GC/MS integration). A statistical evaluation of the dynamic changes in the TAG composition revealed that in B. terrestris different age classes were well separated according to their TAG composition while in B. lucorum the TAG did not change substantially during the male's life. The TAG analyses provide more precise information on the differences between the classes studied than the FA composition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jiroš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Stránský K, Valterová I, Kofroňová E, Urbanová K, Zarevúcka M, Wimmer Z. Non-polar lipid components of human cerumen. Lipids 2011; 46:781-8. [PMID: 21547555 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cerumen was separated by column chromatography into the following groups of compounds: hydrocarbons, squalene, wax esters and cholesterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols, monoacylglycerols, free cholesterol, free sterols, and free hydroxy acids. The groups of compounds obtained were examined in detail by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, about one thousand compounds have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Stránský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Kofroňová E, Cvačka J, Vrkoslav V, Hanus R, Jiroš P, Kindl J, Hovorka O, Valterová I. A comparison of HPLC/APCI-MS and MALDI-MS for characterising triacylglycerols in insects: Species-specific composition of lipids in the fat bodies of bumblebee males. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3878-84. [PMID: 19819198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cvačka J, Kofroňová E, Vašíčková S, Stránský K, Jiroš P, Hovorka O, Kindl J, Valterová I. Unusual Fatty Acids in the Fat Body of the Early Nesting Bumblebee, Bombus pratorum. Lipids 2008; 43:441-50. [PMID: 18365265 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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