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Fouqueau L, Polechová J. Eco-evolutionary dynamics in changing environments: integrating theory with data. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:579-587. [PMID: 38941551 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fouqueau
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jitka Polechová
- Department of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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McFarlane SE, Jahner JP, Lindtke D, Buerkle CA, Mandeville EG. Selection leads to remarkable variability in the outcomes of hybridisation across replicate hybrid zones. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17359. [PMID: 38699787 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid zones have been viewed as an opportunity to see speciation in action. When hybrid zones are replicated, it is assumed that if the same genetic incompatibilities are maintaining reproductive isolation across all instances of secondary contact, those incompatibilities should be identifiable by consistent patterns in the genome. In contrast, changes in allele frequencies due to genetic drift should be idiosyncratic for each hybrid zone. To test this assumption, we simulated 20 replicates of each of 12 hybrid zone scenarios with varied genetic incompatibilities, rates of migration, selection and different starting population size ratios of parental species. We found remarkable variability in the outcomes of hybridisation in replicate hybrid zones, particularly with Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities and strong selection. We found substantial differences among replicates in the overall genomic composition of individuals, including admixture proportions, inter-specific ancestry complement and number of ancestry junctions. Additionally, we found substantial variation in genomic clines among replicates at focal loci, regardless of locus-specific selection. We conclude that processes other than selection are responsible for some consistent outcomes of hybridisation, whereas selection on incompatibilities can lead to genomically widespread and highly variable outcomes. We highlight the challenge of mapping between pattern and process in hybrid zones and call attention to how selection against incompatibilities will commonly lead to variable outcomes. We hope that this study informs future research on replicate hybrid zones and encourages further development of statistical techniques, theoretical models and exploration of additional axes of variation to understand reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eryn McFarlane
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua P Jahner
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - C Alex Buerkle
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Mandeville
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Biology Department, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan, USA
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3
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Parkin T, Donnellan SC, Parkin B, Shea GM, Rowley JJL. Phylogeography, hybrid zones and contemporary species boundaries in the south-eastern Australian smooth frogs (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Geocrinia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107934. [PMID: 37769826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Paleo-climatic fluctuations have driven episodic changes in species distributions, providing opportunities for populations to diverge in isolation and hybridise following secondary contact. Studies of phylogeographic diversity and patterns of gene flow across hybrid zones can provide insight into contemporary species boundaries and help to inform taxonomic and conservation inferences. Here we explore geographic diversity within the acoustically divergent yet morphologically conserved south-eastern Australian smooth frog complex and assess gene flow across a narrow hybrid zone using mitochondrial nucleotide sequences and nuclear genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our analyses reveal the presence of an evolutionarily distinct taxon restricted to the Otway Plains and Ranges, Victoria, which forms a narrow (9-30 km wide), spatiotemporally stable (>50 years) hybrid zone with Geocrinia laevis, which we describe herein as a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parkin
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia.
| | | | - Benjamin Parkin
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Glenn M Shea
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia; Sydney School of Veterinary Science B01, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jodi J L Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Stopková R, Matějková T, Dodoková A, Talacko P, Zacek P, Sedlacek R, Piálek J, Stopka P. Variation in mouse chemical signals is genetically controlled and environmentally modulated. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8573. [PMID: 37237091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammals and particularly in mice, chemical communication relies on the detection of ethologically relevant fitness-related cues from other individuals. In mice, urine is the primary source of these signals, so we employed proteomics and metabolomics to identify key components of chemical signalling. We show that there is a correspondence between urinary volatiles and proteins in the representation of genetic background, sex and environment in two house mouse subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. We found that environment has a strong influence upon proteomic and metabolomic variation and that volatile mixtures better represent males while females have surprisingly more sex-biased proteins. Using machine learning and combined-omics techniques, we identified mixtures of metabolites and proteins that are associated with biological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stopková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Matějková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alica Dodoková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zacek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Research Facility Studenec, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Augustijnen H, Patsiou T, Lucek K. Secondary contact rather than coexistence-Erebia butterflies in the Alps. Evolution 2022; 76:2669-2686. [PMID: 36117267 PMCID: PMC9828779 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. Although such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species Erebia cassioides and Erebia tyndarus in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past. Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why coexistence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Theofania Patsiou
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernCH‐3013Switzerland,Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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6
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Janssen-Weets B, Kerff F, Swiontek K, Kler S, Czolk R, Revets D, Kuehn A, Bindslev-Jensen C, Ollert M, Hilger C. Mammalian derived lipocalin and secretoglobin respiratory allergens strongly bind ligands with potentially immune modulating properties. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:958711. [PMID: 35991307 PMCID: PMC9385959 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.958711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergens from furry animals frequently cause sensitization and respiratory allergic diseases. Most relevant mammalian respiratory allergens belong either to the protein family of lipocalins or secretoglobins. Their mechanism of sensitization remains largely unresolved. Mammalian lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens are associated with a function in chemical communication that involves abundant secretion into the environment, high stability and the ability to transport small volatile compounds. These properties are likely to contribute concomitantly to their allergenic potential. In this study, we aim to further elucidate the physiological function of lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens and link it to their sensitizing capacity, by analyzing their ligand-binding characteristics. We produced eight major mammalian respiratory allergens from four pet species in E.coli and compared their ligand-binding affinities to forty-nine ligands of different chemical classes by using a fluorescence-quenching assay. Furthermore, we solved the crystal-structure of the major guinea pig allergen Cav p 1, a typical lipocalin. Recombinant lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens are of high thermal stability with melting temperatures ranging from 65 to 90°C and strongly bind ligands with dissociation constants in the low micromolar range, particularly fatty acids, fatty alcohols and the terpene alcohol farnesol, that are associated with potential semiochemical and/or immune-modulating functions. Through the systematic screening of respiratory mammalian lipocalin and secretoglobin allergens with a large panel of potential ligands, we observed that total amino acid composition, as well as cavity shape and volume direct affinities to ligands of different chemical classes. Therefore, we were able to categorize lipocalin allergens over their ligand-binding profile into three sub-groups of a lipocalin clade that is associated with functions in chemical communication, thus strengthening the function of major mammalian respiratory allergens as semiochemical carriers. The promiscuous binding capability of hydrophobic ligands from environmental sources warrants further investigation regarding their impact on a molecule's allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Janssen-Weets
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- Laboratory of Crystallography, Center for Protein Engineering-InBioS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Kyra Swiontek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stéphanie Kler
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dominique Revets
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Christiane Hilger
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7
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Penn DJ, Zala SM, Luzynski KC. Regulation of Sexually Dimorphic Expression of Major Urinary Proteins. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822073. [PMID: 35431992 PMCID: PMC9008510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male house mice excrete large amounts of protein in their urinary scent marks, mainly composed of Major Urinary Proteins (MUPs), and these lipocalins function as pheromones and pheromone carriers. Here, we review studies on sexually dimorphic MUP expression in house mice, including the proximate mechanisms controlling MUP gene expression and their adaptive functions. Males excrete 2 to 8 times more urinary protein than females, though there is enormous variation in gene expression across loci in both sexes. MUP expression is dynamically regulated depending upon a variety of factors. Males regulate MUP expression according to social status, whereas females do not, and males regulate expression depending upon health and condition. Male-biased MUP expression is regulated by pituitary secretion of growth hormone (GH), which binds receptors in the liver, activating the JAK2-STAT5 signaling pathway, chromatin accessibility, and MUP gene transcription. Pulsatile male GH secretion is feminized by several factors, including caloric restriction, microbiota depletion, and aging, which helps explain condition-dependent MUP expression. If MUP production has sex-specific fitness optima, then this should generate sexual antagonism over allelic expression (intra-locus sexual conflict) selectively favoring sexually dimorphic expression. MUPs influence the sexual attractiveness of male urinary odor and increased urinary protein excretion is correlated with the reproductive success of males but not females. This finding could explain the selective maintenance of sexually dimorphic MUP expression. Producing MUPs entails energetic costs, but increased excretion may reduce the net energetic costs and predation risks from male scent marking as well as prolong the release of chemical signals. MUPs may also provide physiological benefits, including regulating metabolic rate and toxin removal, which may have sex-specific effects on survival. A phylogenetic analysis on the origins of male-biased MUP gene expression in Mus musculus suggests that this sexual dimorphism evolved by increasing male MUP expression rather than reducing female expression.
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8
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Larson EL, Kopania EEK, Hunnicutt KE, Vanderpool D, Keeble S, Good JM. Stage-specific disruption of X chromosome expression during spermatogenesis in sterile house mouse hybrids. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkab407. [PMID: 34864964 PMCID: PMC9210296 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid sterility is a complex phenotype that can result from the breakdown of spermatogenesis at multiple developmental stages. Here, we disentangle two proposed hybrid male sterility mechanisms in the house mice, Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, by comparing patterns of gene expression in sterile F1 hybrids from a reciprocal cross. We found that hybrid males from both cross directions showed disrupted X chromosome expression during prophase of meiosis I consistent with a loss of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) and Prdm9-associated sterility, but that the degree of disruption was greater in mice with an M. m. musculus X chromosome consistent with previous studies. During postmeiotic development, gene expression on the X chromosome was only disrupted in one cross direction, suggesting that misexpression at this later stage was genotype-specific and not a simple downstream consequence of MSCI disruption which was observed in both reciprocal crosses. Instead, disrupted postmeiotic expression may depend on the magnitude of earlier disrupted MSCI, or the disruption of particular X-linked genes or gene networks. Alternatively, only hybrids with a potential deficit of Sly copies, a Y-linked ampliconic gene family, showed overexpression in postmeiotic cells, consistent with a previously proposed model of antagonistic coevolution between the X- and Y-linked ampliconic genes contributing to disrupted expression late in spermatogenesis. The relative contributions of these two regulatory mechanisms and their impact on sterility phenotypes await further study. Our results further support the hypothesis that X-linked hybrid sterility in house mice has a variable genetic basis, and that genotype-specific disruption of gene regulation contributes to overexpression of the X chromosome at different stages of development. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of epigenetic regulation of the X chromosome during spermatogenesis and suggest that these processes are prone to disruption in hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Emily E K Kopania
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kelsie E Hunnicutt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Dan Vanderpool
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sara Keeble
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Good
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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9
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Calabrese GM, Pfennig KS. Female mate preferences do not predict male sexual signals across populations. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
New species can arise when female preferences and male sexual signals diverge across populations and thereby reduce mating between populations. Under this hypothesized mechanism for speciation, mate preferences and sexual signals should be correlated, but divergent, across populations. We evaluated this prediction using spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata). We measured a sexually selected male signal (call rate) for which female preferences are known to vary across populations in response to the risk of hybridizing with another species. Contrary to expectation, we found no correlation between male call rate and female preferences across populations. We discuss possible mechanisms of this pattern, including the effect of gene flow from heterospecifics on male call rate. Our results suggest that, even when populations vary in mating traits, the independent evolution of female preferences and male sexual signals might impede reproductive isolation between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Calabrese
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina , CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 , USA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina , CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280 , USA
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10
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Stopková R, Otčenášková T, Matějková T, Kuntová B, Stopka P. Biological Roles of Lipocalins in Chemical Communication, Reproduction, and Regulation of Microbiota. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740006. [PMID: 34594242 PMCID: PMC8476925 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Major evolutionary transitions were always accompanied by genetic remodelling of phenotypic traits. For example, the vertebrate transition from water to land was accompanied by rapid evolution of olfactory receptors and by the expansion of genes encoding lipocalins, which - due to their transporting functions - represent an important interface between the external and internal organic world of an individual and also within an individual. Similarly, some lipocalin genes were lost along other genes when this transition went in the opposite direction leading, for example, to cetaceans. In terrestrial vertebrates, lipocalins are involved in the transport of lipophilic substances, chemical signalling, odour reception, antimicrobial defence and background odour clearance during ventilation. Many ancestral lipocalins have clear physiological functions across the vertebrate taxa while many other have - due to pleiotropic effects of their genes - multiple or complementary functions within the body homeostasis and development. The aim of this review is to deconstruct the physiological functions of lipocalins in light of current OMICs techniques. We concentrated on major findings in the house mouse in comparison to other model taxa (e.g., voles, humans, and birds) in which all or most coding genes within their genomes were repeatedly sequenced and their annotations are sufficiently informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Stopková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Otčenášková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Matějková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Kuntová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
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11
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Karn RC, Yazdanifar G, Pezer Ž, Boursot P, Laukaitis CM. Androgen-Binding Protein (Abp) Evolutionary History: Has Positive Selection Caused Fixation of Different Paralogs in Different Taxa of the Genus Mus? Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6377336. [PMID: 34581786 PMCID: PMC8525912 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparison of the androgen-binding protein (Abp) gene regions of six Mus genomes provides insights into the evolutionary history of this large murid rodent gene family. We identified 206 unique Abp sequences and mapped their physical relationships. At least 48 are duplicated and thus present in more than two identical copies. All six taxa have substantially elevated LINE1 densities in Abp regions compared with flanking regions, similar to levels in mouse and rat genomes, although nonallelic homologous recombination seems to have only occurred in Mus musculus domesticus. Phylogenetic and structural relationships support the hypothesis that the extensive Abp expansion began in an ancestor of the genus Mus. We also found duplicated Abpa27's in two taxa, suggesting that previously reported selection on a27 alleles may have actually detected selection on haplotypes wherein different paralogs were lost in each. Other studies reported that a27 gene and species trees were incongruent, likely because of homoplasy. However, L1MC3 phylogenies, supposed to be homoplasy-free compared with coding regions, support our paralog hypothesis because the L1MC3 phylogeny was congruent with the a27 topology. This paralog hypothesis provides an alternative explanation for the origin of the a27 gene that is suggested to be fixed in the three different subspecies of Mus musculus and to mediate sexual selection and incipient reinforcement between at least two of them. Finally, we ask why there are so many Abp genes, especially given the high frequency of pseudogenes and suggest that relaxed selection operates over a large part of the gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Karn
- Gene Networks in Neural and Developmental Plasticity, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Željka Pezer
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pierre Boursot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, France
| | - Christina M Laukaitis
- Carle Health and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA
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12
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Caeiro-Dias G, Brelsford A, Kaliontzopoulou A, Meneses-Ribeiro M, Crochet PA, Pinho C. Variable levels of introgression between the endangered Podarcis carbonelli and highly divergent congeneric species. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:463-476. [PMID: 33199832 PMCID: PMC8027454 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent empirical studies have demonstrated that speciation with gene flow is more common than previously thought. From a conservation perspective, the potential negative effects of hybridization raise concerns on the genetic integrity of endangered species. However, introgressive hybridization has also been growingly recognized as a source of diversity and new advantageous alleles. Carbonell's wall lizard (Podarcis carbonelli) is an endangered species whose distribution overlaps with four other congeneric species. Our goal here was to determine whether P. carbonelli is completely reproductively isolated from its congeners and to evaluate the relevance of hybridization and interspecific gene flow for developing a conservation plan. We used restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to discover SNPs in samples from four contact zones between P. carbonelli and four other species. Principal component analysis, multilocus genotype assignment and interspecific heterozygosity suggest incomplete reproductive isolation and ongoing gene flow between species. However, hybridization dynamics vary across all pairs, suggesting complex interactions between multiple intrinsic and extrinsic barriers. Despite seemingly ubiquitous interspecific gene flow, we found evidence of strong reproductive isolation across most contact zones. Instead, indirect effects of hybridization like waste of reproductive effort in small isolated populations may be more problematic. Our results highlight the need to further evaluate the consequences of introgression for P. carbonelli, both on a geographic and genomic level and included in a comprehensive and urgently needed conservation plan. Besides, those findings will add important insights on the potential effects of hybridization and introgression for endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Caeiro-Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Mariana Meneses-Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pierre-André Crochet
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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13
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North HL, Caminade P, Severac D, Belkhir K, Smadja CM. The role of copy-number variation in the reinforcement of sexual isolation between the two European subspecies of the house mouse. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190540. [PMID: 32654648 PMCID: PMC7423270 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement has the potential to generate strong reproductive isolation through the evolution of barrier traits as a response to selection against maladaptive hybridization, but the genetic changes associated with this process remain largely unexplored. Building upon the increasing evidence for a role of structural variants in adaptation and speciation, we addressed the role of copy-number variation in the reinforcement of sexual isolation evidenced between the two European subspecies of the house mouse. We characterized copy-number divergence between populations of Mus musculus musculus that display assortative mate choice, and those that do not, using whole-genome resequencing data. Updating methods to detect deletions and tandem duplications (collectively: copy-number variants, CNVs) in Pool-Seq data, we developed an analytical pipeline dedicated to identifying genomic regions showing the expected pattern of copy-number displacement under a reinforcement scenario. This strategy allowed us to detect 1824 deletions and seven tandem duplications that showed extreme differences in frequency between behavioural classes across replicate comparisons. A subset of 480 deletions and four tandem duplications were specifically associated with the derived trait of assortative mate choice. These 'Choosiness-associated' CNVs occur in hundreds of genes. Consistent with our hypothesis, such genes included olfactory receptors potentially involved in the olfactory-based assortative mate choice in this system as well as one gene, Sp110, that is known to show patterns of differential expression between behavioural classes in an organ used in mate choice-the vomeronasal organ. These results demonstrate that fine-scale structural changes are common and highly variable within species, despite being under-studied, and may be important targets of reinforcing selection in this system and others. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry L. North
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Caminade
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Khalid Belkhir
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Carole M. Smadja
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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14
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İpekdal K, Burban C, Sauné L, Battisti A, Kerdelhué C. From refugia to contact: Pine processionary moth hybrid zone in a complex biogeographic setting. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1623-1638. [PMID: 32076539 PMCID: PMC7029074 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact zones occur at the crossroad between specific dispersal routes and are facilitated by biogeographic discontinuities. Here, we focused on two Lepidoptera sister species that come in contact near the Turkish Straits System (TSS). We aimed to infer their phylogeographic histories in the Eastern Mediterranean and finely analyze their co-occurrence and hybridization patterns in this biogeographic context. We used molecular mitochondrial and nuclear markers to study 224 individuals from 42 localities. We used discordances between markers and complementary assignment methods to identify and map hybrids and parental individuals. We confirmed the parapatric distribution of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the west and Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the east and identified a narrow contact zone. We identified several glacial refugia of T. wilkinsoni in southern Turkey with a strong east-west differentiation in this species. Unexpectedly, T. pityocampa crossed the TSS and occur in northern Aegean Turkey and some eastern Greek islands. We found robust evidence of introgression between the two species in a restricted zone in northwestern Turkey, but we did not identify any F1 individuals. The identified hybrid zone was mostly bimodal. The distributions and genetic patterns of the studied species were strongly influenced both by the Quaternary climatic oscillations and the complex geological history of the Aegean region. T. pityocampa and T. wilkinsoni survived the last glacial maximum in disjoint refugia and met in western Turkey at the edge of the recolonization routes. Expanding population of T. wilkinsoni constrained T. pityocampa to the western Turkish shore. Additionally, we found evidence of recurrent introgression by T. wilkinsoni males in several T. pityocampa populations. Our results suggest that some prezygotic isolation mechanisms, such as differences in timing of the adult emergences, might be a driver of the isolation between the sister species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laure Sauné
- INRAE, CBGP (INRAE, CIRAD, RD, Montpellier Supagro, Univ. Montpellier)MontpellierFrance
| | | | - Carole Kerdelhué
- INRAE, CBGP (INRAE, CIRAD, RD, Montpellier Supagro, Univ. Montpellier)MontpellierFrance
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15
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Ribardière A, Pabion E, Coudret J, Daguin-Thiébaut C, Houbin C, Loisel S, Henry S, Broquet T. Sexual isolation with and without ecological isolation in marine isopods Jaera albifrons and J. praehirsuta. J Evol Biol 2019; 34:33-48. [PMID: 31631475 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sexual barriers associated with mate choice are often found to be associated with some level of ecological isolation between species. The independence and relative strength of sexual isolation are thus difficult to assess. Here, we take advantage of a pair of marine isopod species (Jaera albifrons and J. praehirsuta) that show sexual isolation and coexist in populations where they share the same microhabitat or not (i.e. without or with ecological isolation). We estimated the strength of sexual isolation between J. albifrons and J. praehirsuta using no-choice trials and a multiple-choice experimental population. We found that sexual isolation is strong in both the presence and the absence of ecological isolation, but that it is asymmetric and fails to prevent interspecific gene flow entirely. First-generation intrinsic post-zygotic barriers were low, and there was no sexual isolation within J. praehirsuta across habitats. The J. albifrons/J. praehirsuta species pair thus provides an example where the role of sexual isolation as a barrier to gene flow (a) does not depend upon current ecological isolation, (b) seems to have evolved independently of local ecological conditions, but (c) is insufficient to complete speciation entirely on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Ribardière
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Elsa Pabion
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Jérôme Coudret
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | | | - Céline Houbin
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.,FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Loisel
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Sébastien Henry
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France.,FR2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
| | - Thomas Broquet
- UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, France
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16
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Saarman NP, Opiro R, Hyseni C, Echodu R, Opiyo EA, Dion K, Johnson T, Aksoy S, Caccone A. The population genomics of multiple tsetse fly (Glossina fuscipes fuscipes) admixture zones in Uganda. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:66-85. [PMID: 30471158 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that enforce, maintain or reverse the process of speciation is an important challenge in evolutionary biology. This study investigates the patterns of divergence and discusses the processes that form and maintain divergent lineages of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in Uganda. We sampled 251 flies from 18 sites spanning known genetic lineages and the four admixture zones between them. We apply population genomics, hybrid zone and approximate Bayesian computation to the analysis of three types of genetic markers: 55,267 double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) SNPs to assess genome-wide admixture, 16 microsatellites to provide continuity with published data and accurate biogeographic modelling, and a 491-bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II to infer maternal inheritance patterns. Admixture zones correspond with regions impacted by the reorganization of Uganda's river networks that occurred during the formation of the West African Rift system over the last several hundred thousand years. Because tsetse fly population distributions are defined by rivers, admixture zones likely represent both old and new regions of secondary contact. Our results indicate that older hybrid zones contain mostly parental types, while younger zones contain variable hybrid types resulting from multiple generations of interbreeding. These findings suggest that reproductive barriers are nearly complete in the older admixture zones, while nearly absent in the younger admixture zones. Findings are consistent with predictions of hybrid zone theory: Populations in zones of secondary contact transition rapidly from early to late stages of speciation or collapse all together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah P Saarman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert Opiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Uganda
| | - Chaz Hyseni
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Uganda
| | | | - Kirstin Dion
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Towards streamlined bank vole odor preference evaluation using Y-mazes. MAMMAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-019-00445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Poikela N, Kinnunen J, Wurdack M, Kauranen H, Schmitt T, Kankare M, Snook RR, Hoikkala A. Strength of sexual and postmating prezygotic barriers varies between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances. Evolution 2019; 73:1182-1199. [PMID: 30957216 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of different reproductive barriers on species or population isolation may vary in different stages of speciation depending on evolutionary forces acting within species and through species' interactions. Genetic incompatibilities between interacting species are expected to reinforce prezygotic barriers in sympatric populations and lead to cascade reinforcement between conspecific populations living within and outside the areas of sympatry. We tested these predictions and studied whether and how the strength and target of reinforcement between Drosophila montana and Drosophila flavomontana vary between sympatric populations with different histories and species abundances. All barriers between D. montana females and D. flavomontana males were nearly complete, while in the reciprocal cross strong postzygotic isolation was accompanied by prezygotic barriers whose strength varied according to population composition. Sexual isolation between D. flavomontana females and D. montana males was increased in long-established sympatric populations, where D. flavomontana is abundant, while postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) barriers were stronger in populations where this species is a new invader and still rare and where female discrimination against heterospecific males was lower. Strengthening of sexual and PMPZ barriers in this cross also induced cascade reinforcement of respective barriers between D. flavomontana populations, which is a classic signature of reinforcement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Poikela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kinnunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mareike Wurdack
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannele Kauranen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maaria Kankare
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rhonda R Snook
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Hoikkala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Kotenkova E, Romachenko A, Ambaryan A, Maltsev A. Effect of early experience on neuronal and behavioral responses to con- and heterospecific odors in closely related Mus taxa: epigenetic contribution in formation of precopulatory isolation. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 30813903 PMCID: PMC6391773 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most effective learning occurs during sensitive periods. Olfactory plasticity to main social olfactory cues is limited to a critical period to a large degree. The objective was to evaluate the influence of early olfactory experience on the behavioral and neuronal responses of males to con- and heterospecific odors of receptive females in two species, M. musculus (subspecies musculus, wagneri) and M. spicilegus, and thus to determine the potential role of epigenetic contribution in the formation of precopulatory isolation. RESULTS Males were reciprocally cross-fostered shortly after the birth and were tested for response to con- and heterospecific urine odors of estrus females using two-choice tests at 70-85 days of age. Neuronal activity of non- and cross-fostered males was evaluated at 90-110 days of age in the MOB and AOB to con- and heterospecific female odor using fMRI (MEMRI). Non-cross-fostered males of three taxa demonstrated a strong preference for odor of conspecific females compared to odor of heterospecific ones. Spicilegus-nursed musculus preferred odor of heterospecific females. Wagneri-nursed spicilegus and spicilegus-nursed wagneri did not demonstrate significant choice of con - or heterospecific female odor. The level of MRI signal obtained from the evaluation of manganese accumulation in AOB neurons was significantly higher when the odor of conspecific estrus females was exposed, compared to urine exposure of heterospecific females. The response pattern changed to the opposite in males raised by heterospecific females. Response patterns of neuronal activity in the MOB to con- and heterospecific female odors were different in cross-fostered and control males. CONCLUSION The maternal environment, including odor, had a greater effect on the level of MRI signal in the AOB than the genetic relationships of the recipient and the donor of the odor stimulus. Behavioral and neuronal responses to con- and heterospecific odors changed in closely related Mus taxa as a result of early experience. We demonstrated the importance of early learning in mate choice in adulthood in mice and the possibility of epigenetic contribution in the formation of precopulatory reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kotenkova
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky Prospect, 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alex Romachenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Ambaryan
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky Prospect, 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Maltsev
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky Prospect, 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Albrecht T, Opletalová K, Reif J, Janoušek V, Piálek L, Cramer ERA, Johnsen A, Reifová R. Sperm divergence in a passerine contact zone: Indication of reinforcement at the gametic level. Evolution 2019; 73:202-213. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Albrecht
- Faculty of Science, Department of ZoologyCharles University in Prague Praha 2 , CZ‐12844 Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, v.v.i.The Czech Academy of Sciences Brno CZ‐60365 Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Opletalová
- Faculty of Science, Department of ZoologyCharles University in Prague Praha 2 , CZ‐12844 Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Reif
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental StudiesCharles University in Prague Praha 2 CZ‐12100 Czech Republic
| | - Václav Janoušek
- Faculty of Science, Department of ZoologyCharles University in Prague Praha 2 , CZ‐12844 Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Faculty of Science, Department of ZoologyUniversity of South Bohemia České Budějovice CZ‐370 05 Czech Republic
| | | | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of Oslo 0318 Oslo Norway
| | - Radka Reifová
- Faculty of Science, Department of ZoologyCharles University in Prague Praha 2 , CZ‐12844 Czech Republic
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21
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Hollander J, Montaño-Rendón M, Bianco G, Yang X, Westram AM, Duvaux L, Reid DG, Butlin RK. Are assortative mating and genital divergence driven by reinforcement? Evol Lett 2018; 2:557-566. [PMID: 30564439 PMCID: PMC6292706 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of assortative mating is a key part of the speciation process. Stronger assortment, or greater divergence in mating traits, between species pairs with overlapping ranges is commonly observed, but possible causes of this pattern of reproductive character displacement are difficult to distinguish. We use a multidisciplinary approach to provide a rare example where it is possible to distinguish among hypotheses concerning the evolution of reproductive character displacement. We build on an earlier comparative analysis that illustrated a strong pattern of greater divergence in penis form between pairs of sister species with overlapping ranges than between allopatric sister‐species pairs, in a large clade of marine gastropods (Littorinidae). We investigate both assortative mating and divergence in male genitalia in one of the sister‐species pairs, discriminating among three contrasting processes each of which can generate a pattern of reproductive character displacement: reinforcement, reproductive interference and the Templeton effect. We demonstrate reproductive character displacement in assortative mating, but not in genital form between this pair of sister species and use demographic models to distinguish among the different processes. Our results support a model with no gene flow since secondary contact and thus favor reproductive interference as the cause of reproductive character displacement for mate choice, rather than reinforcement. High gene flow within species argues against the Templeton effect. Secondary contact appears to have had little impact on genital divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hollander
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Mauricio Montaño-Rendón
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield S10 2TN Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Bianco
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology Lund University 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Anja M Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield S10 2TN Sheffield United Kingdom.,Current address: IST Austria Am Campus 1 3400 Klosterneuburg Austria
| | - Ludovic Duvaux
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield S10 2TN Sheffield United Kingdom.,Current address: UMR 1202 BIOGECO - INRA/Université Bordeaux Site de Recherches Forêt Bois de Pierroton 69 route d'Arcachon 33612 CESTAS Cedex France
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum SW7 5BD London United Kingdom
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield S10 2TN Sheffield United Kingdom.,Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden
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22
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Cerveira AM, Soares JA, Bastos-Silveira C, Mathias MDL. Reproductive isolation between sister species of Iberian pine voles, Microtus duodecimcostatus and M. lusitanicus. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1508075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Cerveira
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Soares
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiane Bastos-Silveira
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Rogers J. Adding resolution and dimensionality to comparative genomics: moving from reference genomes to clade genomics. Genome Biol 2018; 19:115. [PMID: 30107805 PMCID: PMC6090731 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal and promise of comparative genomics has been to create a comprehensive catalog of genomic information and function across the phenomenal diversity of living systems. A recent study has demonstrated the evolutionary insights possible by generating high-quality whole-genome assemblies from multiple species of a clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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24
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Another cat and mouse game: Deciphering the evolution of the SCGB superfamily and exploring the molecular similarity of major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse ABP using computational approaches. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29771985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197618.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian secretoglobin (SCGB) superfamily contains functionally diverse members, among which the major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP) display similar subunits. We searched for molecular similarities between Fel d 1 and ABP to examine the possibility that they play similar roles. We aimed to i) cluster the evolutionary relationships of the SCGB superfamily; ii) identify divergence patterns, structural overlap, and protein-protein docking between Fel d 1 and ABP dimers; and iii) explore the residual interaction between ABP dimers and steroid binding in chemical communication using computational approaches. We also report that the evolutionary tree of the SCGB superfamily comprises seven unique palm-like clusters, showing the evolutionary pattern and divergence time tree of Fel d 1 with 28 ABP paralogs. Three ABP subunits (A27, BG27, and BG26) share phylogenetic relationships with Fel d 1 chains. The Fel d 1 and ABP subunits show similarities in terms of sequence conservation, identical motifs and binding site clefts. Topologically equivalent positions were visualized through superimposition of ABP A27:BG27 (AB) and ABP A27:BG26 (AG) dimers on a heterodimeric Fel d 1 model. In docking, Fel d 1-ABP dimers exhibit the maximum surface binding ability of AG compared with that of AB dimers and the several polar interactions between ABP dimers with steroids. Hence, cat Fel d 1 is an ABP-like molecule in which monomeric chains 1 and 2 are the equivalent of the ABPA and ABPBG monomers, respectively. These findings suggest that the biological and molecular function of Fel d 1 is similar to that of ABP in chemical communication, possibly via pheromone and/or steroid binding.
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25
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Durairaj R, Pageat P, Bienboire-Frosini C. Another cat and mouse game: Deciphering the evolution of the SCGB superfamily and exploring the molecular similarity of major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse ABP using computational approaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197618. [PMID: 29771985 PMCID: PMC5957422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian secretoglobin (SCGB) superfamily contains functionally diverse members, among which the major cat allergen Fel d 1 and mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP) display similar subunits. We searched for molecular similarities between Fel d 1 and ABP to examine the possibility that they play similar roles. We aimed to i) cluster the evolutionary relationships of the SCGB superfamily; ii) identify divergence patterns, structural overlap, and protein-protein docking between Fel d 1 and ABP dimers; and iii) explore the residual interaction between ABP dimers and steroid binding in chemical communication using computational approaches. We also report that the evolutionary tree of the SCGB superfamily comprises seven unique palm-like clusters, showing the evolutionary pattern and divergence time tree of Fel d 1 with 28 ABP paralogs. Three ABP subunits (A27, BG27, and BG26) share phylogenetic relationships with Fel d 1 chains. The Fel d 1 and ABP subunits show similarities in terms of sequence conservation, identical motifs and binding site clefts. Topologically equivalent positions were visualized through superimposition of ABP A27:BG27 (AB) and ABP A27:BG26 (AG) dimers on a heterodimeric Fel d 1 model. In docking, Fel d 1-ABP dimers exhibit the maximum surface binding ability of AG compared with that of AB dimers and the several polar interactions between ABP dimers with steroids. Hence, cat Fel d 1 is an ABP-like molecule in which monomeric chains 1 and 2 are the equivalent of the ABPA and ABPBG monomers, respectively. These findings suggest that the biological and molecular function of Fel d 1 is similar to that of ABP in chemical communication, possibly via pheromone and/or steroid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Durairaj
- Department of Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation (D-MPCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Department of Semiochemicals Identification and Analogs Design (D-ISCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
| | - Cécile Bienboire-Frosini
- Department of Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation (D-MPCA), Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), APT, France
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Garner AG, Goulet BE, Farnitano MC, Molina-Henao YF, Hopkins R. Genomic Signatures of Reinforcement. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E191. [PMID: 29614048 PMCID: PMC5924533 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement is the process by which selection against hybridization increases reproductive isolation between taxa. Much research has focused on demonstrating the existence of reinforcement, yet relatively little is known about the genetic basis of reinforcement or the evolutionary conditions under which reinforcement can occur. Inspired by reinforcement's characteristic phenotypic pattern of reproductive trait divergence in sympatry but not in allopatry, we discuss whether reinforcement also leaves a distinct genomic pattern. First, we describe three patterns of genetic variation we expect as a consequence of reinforcement. Then, we discuss a set of alternative processes and complicating factors that may make the identification of reinforcement at the genomic level difficult. Finally, we consider how genomic analyses can be leveraged to inform if and to what extent reinforcement evolved in the face of gene flow between sympatric lineages and between allopatric and sympatric populations of the same lineage. Our major goals are to understand if genome scans for particular patterns of genetic variation could identify reinforcement, isolate the genetic basis of reinforcement, or infer the conditions under which reinforcement evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Garner
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Benjamin E Goulet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Matthew C Farnitano
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
| | - Y Franchesco Molina-Henao
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
- Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia.
| | - Robin Hopkins
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 021382, USA.
- The Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA.
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Thybert D, Roller M, Navarro FCP, Fiddes I, Streeter I, Feig C, Martin-Galvez D, Kolmogorov M, Janoušek V, Akanni W, Aken B, Aldridge S, Chakrapani V, Chow W, Clarke L, Cummins C, Doran A, Dunn M, Goodstadt L, Howe K, Howell M, Josselin AA, Karn RC, Laukaitis CM, Jingtao L, Martin F, Muffato M, Nachtweide S, Quail MA, Sisu C, Stanke M, Stefflova K, Van Oosterhout C, Veyrunes F, Ward B, Yang F, Yazdanifar G, Zadissa A, Adams DJ, Brazma A, Gerstein M, Paten B, Pham S, Keane TM, Odom DT, Flicek P. Repeat associated mechanisms of genome evolution and function revealed by the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes. Genome Res 2018; 28:448-459. [PMID: 29563166 PMCID: PMC5880236 DOI: 10.1101/gr.234096.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms driving lineage-specific evolution in both primates and rodents has been hindered by the lack of sister clades with a similar phylogenetic structure having high-quality genome assemblies. Here, we have created chromosome-level assemblies of the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes. Together with the Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus genomes, this set of rodent genomes is similar in divergence times to the Hominidae (human-chimpanzee-gorilla-orangutan). By comparing the evolutionary dynamics between the Muridae and Hominidae, we identified punctate events of chromosome reshuffling that shaped the ancestral karyotype of Mus musculus and Mus caroli between 3 and 6 million yr ago, but that are absent in the Hominidae. Hominidae show between four- and sevenfold lower rates of nucleotide change and feature turnover in both neutral and functional sequences, suggesting an underlying coherence to the Muridae acceleration. Our system of matched, high-quality genome assemblies revealed how specific classes of repeats can play lineage-specific roles in related species. Recent LINE activity has remodeled protein-coding loci to a greater extent across the Muridae than the Hominidae, with functional consequences at the species level such as reproductive isolation. Furthermore, we charted a Muridae-specific retrotransposon expansion at unprecedented resolution, revealing how a single nucleotide mutation transformed a specific SINE element into an active CTCF binding site carrier specifically in Mus caroli, which resulted in thousands of novel, species-specific CTCF binding sites. Our results show that the comparison of matched phylogenetic sets of genomes will be an increasingly powerful strategy for understanding mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thybert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Maša Roller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Fábio C P Navarro
- Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Ian Fiddes
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Feig
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - David Martin-Galvez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Kolmogorov
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92092, USA
| | - Václav Janoušek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wasiu Akanni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Bronwen Aken
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldridge
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Varshith Chakrapani
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - William Chow
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Cummins
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Doran
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Goodstadt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Matthew Howell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Ambre-Aurore Josselin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Karn
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Christina M Laukaitis
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Lilue Jingtao
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Fergal Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Muffato
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Nachtweide
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - Michael A Quail
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Sisu
- Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Mario Stanke
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - Klara Stefflova
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Cock Van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Veyrunes
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier/CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ben Ward
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Golbahar Yazdanifar
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Amonida Zadissa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Yale University Medical School, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Benedict Paten
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Son Pham
- Bioturing Inc, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Thomas M Keane
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan T Odom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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28
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Pezer Ž, Chung AG, Karn RC, Laukaitis CM. Analysis of Copy Number Variation in the Abp Gene Regions of Two House Mouse Subspecies Suggests Divergence during the Gene Family Expansions. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:3858091. [PMID: 28575204 PMCID: PMC5513543 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Androgen-binding protein (Abp) gene region of the mouse genome contains 64 genes, some encoding pheromones that influence assortative mating between mice from different subspecies. Using CNVnator and quantitative PCR, we explored copy number variation in this gene family in natural populations of Mus musculus domesticus (Mmd) and Mus musculus musculus (Mmm), two subspecies of house mice that form a narrow hybrid zone in Central Europe. We found that copy number variation in the center of the Abp gene region is very common in wild Mmd, primarily representing the presence/absence of the final duplications described for the mouse genome. Clustering of Mmd individuals based on this variation did not reflect their geographical origin, suggesting no population divergence in the Abp gene cluster. However, copy number variation patterns differ substantially between Mmd and other mouse taxa. Large blocks of Abp genes are absent in Mmm, Mus musculus castaneus and an outgroup, Mus spretus, although with differences in variation and breakpoint locations. Our analysis calls into question the reliance on a reference genome for interpreting the detailed organization of genes in taxa more distant from the Mmd reference genome. The polymorphic nature of the gene family expansion in all four taxa suggests that the number of Abp genes, especially in the central gene region, is not critical to the survival and reproduction of the mouse. However, Abp haplotypes of variable length may serve as a source of raw genetic material for new signals influencing reproductive communication and thus speciation of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Pezer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amanda G Chung
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona
| | - Robert C Karn
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona
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29
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Gompert Z, Mandeville EG, Buerkle CA. Analysis of Population Genomic Data from Hybrid Zones. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Gompert
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Elizabeth G. Mandeville
- Department of Botany and Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - C. Alex Buerkle
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
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30
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Loire E, Tusso S, Caminade P, Severac D, Boursot P, Ganem G, Smadja CM. Do changes in gene expression contribute to sexual isolation and reinforcement in the house mouse? Mol Ecol 2017. [PMID: 28626946 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression divergence, rather than sequence divergence, has been shown to be important in speciation, particularly in the early stages of divergence of traits involved in reproductive isolation. In the two European subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus, earlier studies have demonstrated olfactory-based assortative mate preference in populations close to their hybrid zone. It has been suggested that this behaviour evolved following the recent secondary contact between the two taxa (~3,000 years ago) in response to selection against hybridization. To test for a role of changes in gene expression in the observed behavioural shift, we conducted a RNA sequencing experiment on mouse vomeronasal organs. Key candidate genes for pheromone-based subspecies recognition, the vomeronasal receptors, are expressed in these organs. Overall patterns of gene expression varied significantly between samples from the two subspecies, with a large number of differentially expressed genes between the two taxa. In contrast, only ~200 genes were found repeatedly differentially expressed between populations within M. m. musculus that did or did not display assortative mate preferences (close to or more distant from the hybrid zone, respectively), with an overrepresentation of genes belonging to vomeronasal receptor family 2. These receptors are known to play a key role in recognition of chemical cues that handle information about genetic identity. Interestingly, four of five of these differentially expressed receptors belong to the same phylogenetic cluster, suggesting specialization of a group of closely related receptors in the recognition of odorant signals that may allow subspecies recognition and assortative mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Loire
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sergio Tusso
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Caminade
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dany Severac
- Montpellier GenomiX (MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pierre Boursot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole M Smadja
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement (IRD), EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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31
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Molecular heterogeneity in major urinary proteins of Mus musculus subspecies: potential candidates involved in speciation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44992. [PMID: 28337988 PMCID: PMC5364487 DOI: 10.1038/srep44992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When hybridisation carries a cost, natural selection is predicted to favour evolution of traits that allow assortative mating (reinforcement). Incipient speciation between the two European house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus and M.m.musculus, sharing a hybrid zone, provides an opportunity to understand evolution of assortative mating at a molecular level. Mouse urine odours allow subspecific mate discrimination, with assortative preferences evident in the hybrid zone but not in allopatry. Here we assess the potential of MUPs (major urinary proteins) as candidates for signal divergence by comparing MUP expression in urine samples from the Danish hybrid zone border (contact) and from allopatric populations. Mass spectrometric characterisation identified novel MUPs in both subspecies involving mostly new combinations of amino acid changes previously observed in M.m.domesticus. The subspecies expressed distinct MUP signatures, with most MUPs expressed by only one subspecies. Expression of at least eight MUPs showed significant subspecies divergence both in allopatry and contact zone. Another seven MUPs showed divergence in expression between the subspecies only in the contact zone, consistent with divergence by reinforcement. These proteins are candidates for the semiochemical barrier to hybridisation, providing an opportunity to characterise the nature and evolution of a putative species recognition signal.
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32
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Studies of an Androgen-Binding Protein Knockout Corroborate a Role for Salivary ABP in Mouse Communication. Genetics 2017; 205:1517-1527. [PMID: 28159752 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.194571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The house mouse Androgen-binding protein (Abp) gene family is comprised of 64 paralogs, 30 Abpa and 34 Abpbg, encoding the alpha (ABPA) and beta-gamma (ABPBG) protein subunits that are disulfide-bridged to form dimers in secretions. Only 14 Abp genes are expressed in distinct patterns in the lacrimal (11) and submandibular glands (3). We created a knockout mouse line lacking two of the three genes expressed in submandibular glands, Abpa27 and Abpbg27, by replacing them with the neomycin resistance gene. The knockout genotype (-/-) showed no Abpa27 or Abpbg27 transcripts in submandibular gland complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries and there was a concomitant lack of protein expression of ABPA27 and ABPBG27 in the -/- genotype saliva, shown by elimination of these two proteins from the saliva proteome and the loss of cross-reactive material in the acinar cells of the submandibular glands. We also observed a decrease in BG26 protein in the -/- animals, suggesting monomer instability. Overall, we observed no major phenotypic changes in the -/- genotype, compared with their +/+ and +/- siblings raised in a laboratory setting, including normal growth curves, tissue histology, fecundity, and longevity. The only difference is that male and female C57BL/6 mice preferred saliva of the opposite sex containing ABP statistically significantly more than saliva of the opposite sex without ABP in a Y-maze test. These results show for the first time that mice can sense the presence of ABP between saliva targets with and without ABPs, and that they spend more time investigating the target containing ABP.
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33
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Latour Y, Ganem G. Does competitive interaction drive species recognition in a house mouse secondary contact zone? Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Wilson JD, Schmidt DJ, Hughes JM. Movement of a Hybrid Zone Between Lineages of the Australian Glass Shrimp (Paratya australiensis). J Hered 2016; 107:413-22. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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35
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Vošlajerová Bímová B, Mikula O, Macholán M, Janotová K, Hiadlovská Z. Female House Mice do not Differ in Their Exploratory Behaviour from Males. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vošlajerová Bímová
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mikula
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Macholán
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Janotová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hiadlovská
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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36
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Hiadlovská Z, Mikula O, Macholán M, Hamplová P, Vošlajerová Bímová B, Daniszová K. Shaking the myth: Body mass, aggression, steroid hormones, and social dominance in wild house mouse. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:16-26. [PMID: 26433061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In social mammals, the position of a male in the group's hierarchy strongly affects his reproductive success. Since a high social rank is often gained through competition with other males, selection should favour bigger males over smaller ones. We may therefore predict faster growth and/or delayed sexual maturity in dominant males. Likewise, dominants should have higher levels of testosterone, hormone important in many aspects of male dominance. Less obvious is the relationship between dominance and levels of corticosterone but generally higher concentrations are expected in subordinate individuals. We studied body growth, sexual maturation and endocrinal changes in males of two house mouse subspecies, raised in fraternal pairs. Since Mus musculus domesticus is the subspecies which dominates mutual encounters with Mus musculus musculus we predicted higher growth rate, delayed puberty and aggression, and higher testosterone and corticosterone levels in domesticus males compared to musculus. In all comparisons, no differences were found between dominant and subordinate musculus brothers. On the other hand, in M. m. domesticus, dominant males revealed a different growth trajectory and lower corticosterone levels than subordinate males but not delayed puberty and higher testosterone concentrations, thus contradicting our predictions. In inter-subspecific comparisons, musculus males matured earlier but became aggressive at the same time as domesticus males. The musculus testosterone ontogeny suggests that social positions in this subspecies remain unfixed for an extended period and that the increasing levels probably reflect prolonged hierarchy contests. It appears that the ontogeny of behaviour and physiological traits diverge cryptically between the two subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hiadlovská
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - O Mikula
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Macholán
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Hamplová
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Vošlajerová Bímová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veveří 97, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Květná 8, CZ-603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Daniszová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Květná 8, CZ-603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 13 Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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37
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Suzuki TA, Nachman MW. Speciation and reduced hybrid female fertility in house mice. Evolution 2015; 69:2468-81. [PMID: 26299202 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, intrinsic postzygotic isolation has been well studied in males but has been less studied in females, despite the fact that female gametogenesis and pregnancy provide arenas for hybrid sterility or inviability that are absent in males. Here, we asked whether inviability or sterility is observed in female hybrids of Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus, taxa which hybridize in nature and for which male sterility has been well characterized. We looked for parent-of-origin growth phenotypes by measuring adult body weights in F1 hybrids. We evaluated hybrid female fertility by crossing F1 females to a tester male and comparing multiple reproductive parameters between intrasubspecific controls and intersubspecific hybrids. Hybrid females showed no evidence of parent-of-origin overgrowth or undergrowth, providing no evidence for reduced viability. However, hybrid females had smaller litter sizes, reduced embryo survival, fewer ovulations, and fewer small follicles relative to controls. Significant variation in reproductive parameters was seen among different hybrid genotypes, suggesting that hybrid incompatibilities are polymorphic within subspecies. Differences in reproductive phenotypes in reciprocal genotypes were observed and are consistent with cyto-nuclear incompatibilities or incompatibilities involving genomic imprinting. These findings highlight the potential importance of reduced hybrid female fertility in the early stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi A Suzuki
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721. .,Current Address: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720.
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.,Current Address: Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720
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Karn RC, Laukaitis CM. Comparative Proteomics of Mouse Tears and Saliva: Evidence from Large Protein Families for Functional Adaptation. Proteomes 2015; 3:283-297. [PMID: 28248272 PMCID: PMC5217377 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We produced a tear proteome of the genome mouse, C57BL/6, that contained 139 different protein identifications: 110 from a two-dimensional (2D) gel with subsequent trypsin digestion, 19 from a one-dimensional (1D) gel with subsequent trypsin digestion and ten from a 1D gel with subsequent Asp-N digestion. We compared this tear proteome with a C57BL/6 mouse saliva proteome produced previously. Sixteen of the 139 tear proteins are shared between the two proteomes, including six proteins that combat microbial growth. Among the 123 other tear proteins, were members of four large protein families that have no counterparts in humans: Androgen-binding proteins (ABPs) with different members expressed in the two proteomes, Exocrine secreted peptides (ESPs) expressed exclusively in the tear proteome, major urinary proteins (MUPs) expressed in one or both proteomes and the mouse-specific Kallikreins (subfamily b KLKs) expressed exclusively in the saliva proteome. All four families have members with suggested roles in mouse communication, which may influence some aspect of reproductive behavior. We discuss this in the context of functional adaptation involving tear and saliva proteins in the secretions of mouse lacrimal and salivary glands, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Karn
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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39
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Beysard M, Krebs-Wheaton R, Heckel G. Tracing reinforcement through asymmetrical partner preference in the European common vole Microtus arvalis. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:170. [PMID: 26303785 PMCID: PMC4548911 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanistic basis of speciation and in particular the contribution of behaviour to the completion of the speciation process is often contentious. Contact zones between related taxa provide a situation where selection against hybridization might reinforce separation by behavioural mechanisms, which could ultimately fully isolate the taxa. One of the most abundant European mammals, the common vole Microtus arvalis, forms multiple natural hybrid zones where rapidly diverging evolutionary lineages meet in secondary contact. Very narrow zones of hybridization spanning only a few kilometres and sex-specific gene flow patterns indicate reduced fitness of natural hybrids and incipient speciation between some of the evolutionary lineages. In this study, we examined the contribution of behavioural mechanisms to the speciation process in these rodents by fine-mapping allopatric and parapatric populations in the hybrid zone between the Western and Central lineages and experimental testing of the partner preferences of wild, pure-bred and hybrid female common voles. Results Genetic analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of multiple parapatric and largely non-admixed populations at distances of about 10 km at the edge of the area of natural hybridization between the Western and Central lineages. Wild females from Western parapatric populations and lab-born F1 hybrids preferred males from the Western lineage whereas wild females of Central parapatric origin showed no measurable preference. Furthermore, wild and lab-born females from allopatric populations of the Western or Central lineages showed no detectable preference for males from either lineage. Conclusions The detected partner preferences are consistent with asymmetrical reinforcement of pre-mating reproductive isolation mechanisms in the European common vole and with earlier results suggesting that hybridization is more detrimental to the Western lineage. As a consequence, these differences in behaviour might contribute to a further geographical stabilization of this moving hybrid zone. Such behavioural processes could also provide a mechanistic perspective for frequently-detected asymmetrical introgression patterns in the largely allopatrically diversifying Microtus genus and other rapidly speciating rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Beysard
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Krebs-Wheaton
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Present Address: Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemannstrasse 2, 24306, Ploen, Germany.
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics (CMPG), Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Genopode, CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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40
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Smadja CM, Loire E, Caminade P, Thoma M, Latour Y, Roux C, Thoss M, Penn DJ, Ganem G, Boursot P. Seeking signatures of reinforcement at the genetic level: a hitchhiking mapping and candidate gene approach in the house mouse. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4222-4237. [PMID: 26132782 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement is the process by which prezygotic isolation is strengthened as a response to selection against hybridization. Most empirical support for reinforcement comes from the observation of its possible phenotypic signature: an accentuated degree of prezygotic isolation in the hybrid zone as compared to allopatry. Here, we implemented a novel approach to this question by seeking for the signature of reinforcement at the genetic level. In the house mouse, selection against hybrids and enhanced olfactory-based assortative mate preferences are observed in a hybrid zone between the two European subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus, suggesting a possible recent reinforcement event. To test for the genetic signature of reinforcing selection and identify genes involved in sexual isolation, we adopted a hitchhiking mapping approach targeting genomic regions containing candidate genes for assortative mating in mice. We densely scanned these genomic regions in hybrid zone and allopatric samples using a large number of fast evolving microsatellite loci that allow the detection of recent selection events. We found a handful of loci showing the expected pattern of significant reduction in variability in populations close to the hybrid zone, showing assortative odour preference in mate choice experiments as compared to populations further away and displaying no such preference. These loci lie close to genes that we pinpoint as testable candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole M Smadja
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Loire
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Caminade
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Marios Thoma
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Yasmin Latour
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Roux
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michaela Thoss
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dustin J Penn
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Boursot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution UMR 5554 (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement IRD, Université de Montpellier), cc065 Université de Montpellier, Campus Triolet, 34095 Montpellier, France
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41
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Selection shaped the evolution of mouse androgen-binding protein (ABP) function and promoted the duplication of Abp genes. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:851-60. [PMID: 25109968 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present article, we summarize two aspects of our work on mouse ABP (androgen-binding protein): (i) the sexual selection function producing incipient reinforcement on the European house mouse hybrid zone, and (ii) the mechanism behind the dramatic expansion of the Abp gene region in the mouse genome. Selection unifies these two components, although the ways in which selection has acted differ. At the functional level, strong positive selection has acted on key sites on the surface of one face of the ABP dimer, possibly to influence binding to a receptor. A different kind of selection has apparently driven the recent and rapid expansion of the gene region, probably by increasing the amount of Abp transcript, in one or both of two ways. We have shown previously that groups of Abp genes behave as LCRs (low-copy repeats), duplicating as relatively large blocks of genes by NAHR (non-allelic homologous recombination). The second type of selection involves the close link between the accumulation of L1 elements and the expansion of the Abp gene family by NAHR. It is probably predicated on an initial selection for increased transcription of existing Abp genes and/or an increase in Abp gene number providing more transcriptional sites. Either or both could increase initial transcript production, a quantitative change similar to increasing the volume of a radio transmission. In closing, we also provide a note on Abp gene nomenclature.
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42
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Jones EP, Searle JB. Differing Y chromosome versus mitochondrial DNA ancestry, phylogeography, and introgression in the house mouse. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor P. Jones
- Population Biology and Conservation Biology; Evolutionary Biology Centre; University of Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
- Food and Environment Research Agency; Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK
| | - Jeremy B. Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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43
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Kropáčková L, Piálek J, Gergelits V, Forejt J, Reifová R. Maternal-foetal genomic conflict and speciation: no evidence for hybrid placental dysplasia in crosses between two house mouse subspecies. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:688-98. [PMID: 25682889 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization between closely related mammalian species, including various species of the genus Mus, is commonly associated with abnormal growth of the placenta and hybrid foetuses, a phenomenon known as hybrid placental dysplasia (HPD). The role of HPD in speciation is anticipated but still poorly understood. Here, we studied placental and foetal growth in F1 crosses between four inbred mouse strains derived from two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. These subspecies are in the early stage of speciation and still hybridize in nature. In accordance with the maternal-foetal genomic conflict hypothesis, we found different parental influences on placental and foetal development, with placental weight most affected by the father's body weight and foetal weight by the mother's body weight. After removing the effects of parents' body weight, we did not find any significant differences in foetal or placental weights between intra-subspecific and inter-subspecific F1 crosses. Nevertheless, we found that the variability in placental weight in inter-subspecific crosses is linked to the X chromosome, similarly as for HPD in interspecific mouse crosses. Our results suggest that maternal-foetal genomic conflict occurs in the house mouse system, but has not yet diverged sufficiently to cause abnormalities in placental and foetal growth in inter-subspecific crosses. HPD is thus unlikely to contribute to speciation in the house mouse system. However, we cannot rule out that it might have contributed to other speciation events in the genus Mus, where differences in the levels of polyandry exist between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kropáčková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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44
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Janoušek V, Munclinger P, Wang L, Teeter KC, Tucker PK. Functional organization of the genome may shape the species boundary in the house mouse. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:1208-20. [PMID: 25631927 PMCID: PMC4408407 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic features such as rate of recombination and differentiation have been suggested to play a role in species divergence. However, the relationship of these phenomena to functional organization of the genome in the context of reproductive isolation remains unexplored. Here, we examine genomic characteristics of the species boundaries between two house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus/M. m. domesticus). These taxa form a narrow semipermeable zone of secondary contact across Central Europe. Due to the incomplete nature of reproductive isolation, gene flow in the zone varies across the genome. We present an analysis of genomic differentiation, rate of recombination, and functional composition of genes relative to varying amounts of introgression. We assessed introgression using 1,316 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers, previously genotyped in hybrid populations from three transects. We found a significant relationship between amounts of introgression and both genomic differentiation and rate of recombination with genomic regions of reduced introgression associated with higher genomic differentiation and lower rates of recombination, and the opposite for genomic regions of extensive introgression. We also found a striking functional polarization of genes based on where they are expressed in the cell. Regions of elevated introgression exhibit a disproportionate number of genes involved in signal transduction functioning at the cell periphery, among which olfactory receptor genes were found to be the most prominent group. Conversely, genes expressed intracellularly and involved in DNA binding were the most prevalent in regions of reduced introgression. We hypothesize that functional organization of the genome is an important driver of species divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Janoušek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Munclinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan
| | | | - Priscilla K Tucker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan
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45
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Karn RC, Chung AG, Laukaitis CM. Did androgen-binding protein paralogs undergo neo- and/or Subfunctionalization as the Abp gene region expanded in the mouse genome? PLoS One 2014; 9:e115454. [PMID: 25531410 PMCID: PMC4274081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Androgen-binding protein (Abp) region of the mouse genome contains 30 Abpa genes encoding alpha subunits and 34 Abpbg genes encoding betagamma subunits, their products forming dimers composed of an alpha and a betagamma subunit. We endeavored to determine how many Abp genes are expressed as proteins in tears and saliva, and as transcripts in the exocrine glands producing them. Using standard PCR, we amplified Abp transcripts from cDNA libraries of C57BL/6 mice and found fifteen Abp gene transcripts in the lacrimal gland and five in the submandibular gland. Proteomic analyses identified proteins corresponding to eleven of the lacrimal gland transcripts, all of them different from the three salivary ABPs reported previously. Our qPCR results showed that five of the six transcripts that lacked corresponding proteins are expressed at very low levels compared to those transcripts with proteins. We found 1) no overlap in the repertoires of expressed Abp paralogs in lacrimal gland/tears and salivary glands/saliva; 2) substantial sex-limited expression of lacrimal gland/tear expressed-paralogs in males but no sex-limited expression in females; and 3) that the lacrimal gland/tear expressed-paralogs are found exclusively in ancestral clades 1, 2 and 3 of the five clades described previously while the salivary glands/saliva expressed-paralogs are found only in clade 5. The number of instances of extremely low levels of transcription without corresponding protein production in paralogs specific to tears and saliva suggested the role of subfunctionalization, a derived condition wherein genes that may have been expressed highly in both glands ancestrally were down-regulated subsequent to duplication. Thus, evidence for subfunctionalization can be seen in our data and we argue that the partitioning of paralog expression between lacrimal and salivary glands that we report here occurred as the result of adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Karn
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda G. Chung
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Laukaitis
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85724, United States of America
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46
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Bewick ER, Dyer KA. Reinforcement shapes clines in female mate discrimination in Drosophila subquinaria. Evolution 2014; 68:3082-94. [PMID: 25163510 PMCID: PMC4278409 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcement of species boundaries may alter mate recognition in a way that also affects patterns of mate preference among conspecific populations. In the fly Drosophila subquinaria, females sympatric with the closely related species D. recens reject mating with heterospecific males as well as with conspecific males from allopatric populations. Here, we assess geographic variation in behavioral isolation within and among populations of D. subquinaria and use cline theory to understand patterns of selection on reinforced discrimination and its consequences for sexual isolation within species. We find that selection has fixed rejection of D. recens males in sympatry, while significant genetic variation in this behavior occurs within allopatric populations. In conspecific matings sexual isolation is also asymmetric and stronger in populations that are sympatric with D. recens. The clines in behavioral discrimination within and between species are similar in shape and are maintained by strong selection in the face of gene flow, and we show that some of their genetic basis may be either shared or linked. Thus, while reinforcement can drive extremely strong phenotypic divergence, the long-term consequences for incipient speciation depend on gene flow, genetic linkage of discrimination traits, and the cost of these behaviors in allopatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bewick
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602.
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47
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Kreisinger J, Cížková D, Vohánka J, Piálek J. Gastrointestinal microbiota of wild and inbred individuals of two house mouse subspecies assessed using high-throughput parallel pyrosequencing. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5048-60. [PMID: 25204516 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of gastrointestinal tract microbiota (GTM) on host physiology and health have been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. While a variety of captive bred species have been used in experiments, the extent to which GTM of captive and/or inbred individuals resembles natural composition and variation in wild populations is poorly understood. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we performed 16S rDNA GTM barcoding for 30 wild house mice (Mus musculus) and wild-derived inbred strain mice belonging to two subspecies (M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus). Sequenced individuals were selected according to a 2 × 2 experimental design: wild (14) vs. inbred origin (16) and M. m. musculus (15) vs. M. m. domesticus (15). We compared alpha diversity (i.e. number of operational taxonomic units - OTUs), beta diversity (i.e. interindividual variability) and microbiota composition across the four groups. We found no difference between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus subspecies, suggesting low effect of genetic differentiation between these two subspecies on GTM structure. Both inbred and wild populations showed the same level of microbial alpha and beta diversity; however, we found strong differentiation in microbiota composition between wild and inbred populations. Relative abundance of ~ 16% of OTUs differed significantly between wild and inbred individuals. As laboratory mice represent the most abundant model for studying the effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity and neurology, we suggest that the distinctness of laboratory-kept mouse microbiota, which differs from wild mouse microbiota, needs to be considered in future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kreisinger
- Studenec Research Facility, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
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48
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Hiadlovská Z, Macholán M, Mikula O, Vošlajerová Bímová B. The meek inherit the earth: less aggressive wild mice are more successful in challenging situations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hiadlovská
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Sciences; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Macholán
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Sciences; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mikula
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vošlajerová Bímová
- Laboratory of Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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49
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Della Croce P, Poole GC, Payn RA, Izurieta C. Simulating the effects of stream network topology on the spread of introgressive hybridization across fish populations. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Seehausen O, Butlin RK, Keller I, Wagner CE, Boughman JW, Hohenlohe PA, Peichel CL, Saetre GP, Bank C, Brännström A, Brelsford A, Clarkson CS, Eroukhmanoff F, Feder JL, Fischer MC, Foote AD, Franchini P, Jiggins CD, Jones FC, Lindholm AK, Lucek K, Maan ME, Marques DA, Martin SH, Matthews B, Meier JI, Möst M, Nachman MW, Nonaka E, Rennison DJ, Schwarzer J, Watson ET, Westram AM, Widmer A. Genomics and the origin of species. Nat Rev Genet 2014; 15:176-92. [PMID: 24535286 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, the knowledge of which is crucial for understanding the origins of biodiversity. Genomic approaches are an increasingly important aspect of this research field. We review current understanding of genome-wide effects of accumulating reproductive isolation and of genomic properties that influence the process of speciation. Building on this work, we identify emergent trends and gaps in our understanding, propose new approaches to more fully integrate genomics into speciation research, translate speciation theory into hypotheses that are testable using genomic tools and provide an integrative definition of the field of speciation genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; and Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; and the Sven Lovén Centre - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, S-452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Irene Keller
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; and the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum CHN, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E Wagner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; and the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janette W Boughman
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; and the Department of Zoology; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program; BEACON Center, Michigan State University, 203 Natural Sciences, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Paul A Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, USA
| | - Catherine L Peichel
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Glenn-Peter Saetre
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, PO BOX 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Bank
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ake Brännström
- Integrated Science Laboratory and the Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alan Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabrice Eroukhmanoff
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, PO BOX 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0369 USA
| | - Martin C Fischer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum CHN, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Foote
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Present address: the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Felicity C Jones
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna K Lindholm
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; and the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martine E Maan
- Behavioural Biology Group, Centre for Behaviour and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, PO BOX 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Marques
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, and the Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon H Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Joana I Meier
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, and the Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Möst
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; and the Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3160, USA
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Integrated Science Laboratory and Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Diana J Rennison
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Julia Schwarzer
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland; the Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eric T Watson
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, 76010-0498 Texas, USA
| | - Anja M Westram
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alex Widmer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, ETH Zentrum CHN, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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