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Alves GB, de Oliveira EE, Jumbo LOV, dos Santos GR, dos Santos MM, Ootani MA, Ribeiro BM, Aguiar RWDS. Genomic–proteomic analysis of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain: toxicity against two lepidopteran pests, abundance of Cry1Ac5 toxin, and presence of InhA1 virulence factor. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:143. [PMID: 36967401 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a biological alternative to the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides in agriculture. Due to resistance development on insect pests to Bt crops, isolating novel Bt strains is a strategy for screening new pesticidal proteins or strains containing toxin profile variety that can delay resistance. Besides, the combined genomic and proteomic approaches allow identifying pesticidal proteins and virulence factors accurately. Here, the genome of a novel Bt strain (Bt TOL651) was sequenced, and the proteins from the spore-crystal mixture were identified by proteomic analysis. Toxicity bioassays with the spore-crystal mixture against larvae of Diatraea saccharalis and Anticarsia gemmatalis, key pests of sugarcane and soybean, respectively, were performed. The toxicity of Bt TOL651 varies with the insect; A. gemmatalis (LC50 = 1.45 ng cm-2) is more susceptible than D. saccharalis (LC50 = 73.77 ng cm-2). Phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB gene indicates that TOL651 is related to Bt kenyae strains. The genomic analysis revealed the presence of cry1Aa18, cry1Ac5, cry1Ia44, and cry2Aa9 pesticidal genes. Virulence factor genes such as phospholipases (plcA, piplc), metalloproteases (inhA), hemolysins (cytK, hlyIII, hblA, hblC, hblD), and enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, nheC) were also identified. The combined use of the genomic and proteomic data indicated the expression of Cry1Aa18, Cry1Ac5, and Cry2Aa9 proteins, with Cry1Ac5 being the most abundant. InhA1 also was expressed and may contribute to Bt TOL651 pathogenicity. These results provide Bt TOL651 as a new tool for the biocontrol of lepidopteran pests.
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Khorramnejad A, Bel Y, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Escriche B. Activation of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1745-1758. [PMID: 35138453 PMCID: PMC8882101 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I insecticidal proteins are structurally similar to other three-domain Cry proteins, although their size, activity spectrum, and expression at the stationary phase are unique among other members of the Cry1 family. The mode of action of Cry1 proteins is not completely understood but the existence of an activation step prior to specific binding is widely accepted. In this study, we attempted to characterize and determine the importance of the activation process in the mode of action of Cry1I, as Cry1Ia protoxin or its partially processed form showed significantly higher toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis than the fully processed protein either activated with trypsin or with O. nubilalis midgut juice. Oligomerization studies showed that Cry1Ia protoxin, in solution, formed dimers spontaneously, and the incubation of Cry1Ia protoxin with O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) promoted the formation of dimers of the partially processed form. While no oligomerization of fully activated proteins after incubation with BBMV was detected. The results of the in vitro competition assays showed that both the Cry1Ia protoxin and the approx. 50 kDa activated proteins bind specifically to the O. nubilalis BBMV and compete for the same binding sites. Accordingly, the in vivo binding competition assays show a decrease in toxicity following the addition of an excess of 50 kDa activated protein. Consequently, as full activation of Cry1I protein diminishes its toxicity against lepidopterans, preventing or decelerating proteolysis might increase the efficacy of this protein in Bt-based products. KEY POINTS: • Processing Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to O. nubilalis • Partially processed Cry1Ia protoxin retains the toxicity of protoxin vs O. nubilalis • Protoxin and its final processed forms compete for the same functional binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Khorramnejad
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.,Laboratory of Biological Control of Pest, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Laboratory of Biological Control of Pest, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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Sorokan A, Benkovskaya G, Burkhanova G, Blagova D, Maksimov I. Endophytic Strain Bacillus subtilis 26DCryChS Producing Cry1Ia Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Promotes Multifaceted Potato Defense against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and Pest Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091115. [PMID: 32872225 PMCID: PMC7570227 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel properties of a previously obtained Bacillus subtilis 26DCryChS strain are described. The B. subtilis 26DCryChS strain is able to produce Cry1Ia δ-endotoxin from B. thuringiensis B-5351 and to exist in internal plant tissues of potato plants in the same manner as the endophytic B. subtilis 26D source strain (487 ± 53 and 420 ± 63 CFU*103/g, respectively). B. subtilis 26DCryChS, as much as the original B. subtilis 26D strain, inhibited mycelium growth of oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and reduced late blight symptoms development on plants by 35% compared with non-treated ones, as well as showed insecticidal activity against Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Production of the fluorescent GFP protein in the B. subtilis 26D genome allowed visualizing the endophytes around damaged sites on beetle intestines. Bacillus strains under investigation induced systemic resistance to P. infestans and L. decemlineata through the activation of the transcription of PR genes in potato plants. Thus, the B. subtilis 26DCryChS strain was able to induce transcription of jasmonate-dependent genes and acquired the ability to promote transcription of a salicylate-dependent gene (PR1) in plants infected with the late blight agent and damaged by Colorado potato beetle larvae. The B. subtilis 26DCryChS strain could be put forward as a modern approach for biocontrol agents design.
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Tang A, Haruna AO, Majid NMA, Jalloh MB. Potential PGPR Properties of Cellulolytic, Nitrogen-Fixing, Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Rehabilitated Tropical Forest Soil. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030442. [PMID: 32245141 DOI: 10.1101/351916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the midst of the major soil degradation and erosion faced by tropical ecosystems, rehabilitated forests are being established to avoid the further deterioration of forest lands. In this context, cellulolytic, nitrogen-fixing (N-fixing), phosphate-solubilizing bacteria are very important functional groups in regulating the elemental cycle and plant nutrition, hence replenishing the nutrient content in forest soils. As is the case for other potential plant growth-promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria, these functional bacteria could have cross-functional abilities or beneficial traits that are essential for plants and can improve their growth. This study was conducted to isolate, identify, and characterize selected PGP properties of these three functional groups of bacteria from tropical rehabilitated forest soils at Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Malaysia. The bacteria were isolated based on their colonial growth on respective functional media, identified using both molecular and selected biochemical properties, and were assessed for their functional quantitative activities as well as PGP properties based on seed germination tests and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Out of the 15 identified bacterial isolates that exhibited beneficial phenotypic traits, a third belong to the genus Burkholderia and a fifth to Stenotrophomonas sp., with both genera consisting of members from two different functional groups. The results of the experiments confirm the multiple PGP traits of some selected bacterial isolates based on their respective high functional activities, root and shoot lengths, and seedling vigor improvements when bacterized on mung bean seeds, as well as significant IAA production. The results of this study suggest that these functional bacterial strains could potentially be included in bio-fertilizer formulations for crop growth on acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Tang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Osumanu Haruna
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu 97008, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Muhamad Ab Majid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan Branch, Locked Bag No. 3, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia
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Khorramnejad A, Domínguez-Arrizabalaga M, Caballero P, Escriche B, Bel Y. Study of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia Protein Oligomerization Promoted by Midgut Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Lepidopteran and Coleopteran Insects, or Cultured Insect Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020133. [PMID: 32098045 PMCID: PMC7076784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins that are either secreted during the vegetative growth phase or accumulated in the crystal inclusions (Cry proteins) in the stationary phase. Cry1I proteins share the three domain (3D) structure typical of crystal proteins but are secreted to the media early in the stationary growth phase. In the generally accepted mode of action of 3D Cry proteins (sequential binding model), the formation of an oligomer (tetramer) has been described as a major step, necessary for pore formation and subsequent toxicity. To know if this could be extended to Cry1I proteins, the formation of Cry1Ia oligomers was studied by Western blot, after the incubation of trypsin activated Cry1Ia with insect brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) or insect cultured cells, using Cry1Ab as control. Our results showed that Cry1Ia oligomers were observed only after incubation with susceptible coleopteran BBMV, but not following incubation with susceptible lepidopteran BBMV or non-susceptible Sf21 insect cells, while Cry1Ab oligomers were persistently detected after incubation with all insect tissues tested, regardless of its host susceptibility. The data suggested oligomerization may not necessarily be a requirement for the toxicity of Cry1I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Khorramnejad
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31578-77871, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mikel Domínguez-Arrizabalaga
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang K, Shu C, Zhang J. Effective bacterial insecticidal proteins against coleopteran pests: A review. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21558. [PMID: 31094011 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptera, the order of insects commonly referred to as beetles, are able to survive in various environments, and thus, comprise the largest order in the animal kingdom. Coleopterans mainly include coprophagous and phytophagous lineages, and many species of the latter lineage are serious pests. In addition to traditional chemical methods, biocontrol measures using various bacterial insecticidal proteins have also gradually been developed to control these insect pests. In this review, we summarized the possible coleopteran-pest-specific bacteria and insecticidal proteins that have been reported in the literature thus far and have provided a comprehensive overview and long-term guidance for the control of coleopteran pests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Baragamaarachchi RY, Samarasekera JKRR, Weerasena OVDSJ, Lamour K, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Identification of a native Bacillus thuringiensis strain from Sri Lanka active against Dipel-resistant Plutella xylostella. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7535. [PMID: 31497400 PMCID: PMC6709662 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biopesticides based on strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used globally for effective and environmentally friendly pest control. The most serious threat to the sustainable use of these microbial pesticides is the development of resistance on targeted pests. Populations of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) have evolved field resistance to Bt pesticides at diverse locations worldwide. Discovery of novel Bt strains with varied toxin profiles that overcome resistance is one of the strategies to increase sustainability of Bt pesticides against P. xylostella. In this study, we report isolation and characterization of a Bt strain named AB1 from Sri Lanka displaying toxicity towards larvae of P. xylostella resistant to the commercial Bt pesticide Dipel. METHODS Strains of Bt from diverse environments in Sri Lanka were evaluated for protein crystal production through Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopic examination, and for insecticidal activity against P. xylostella in bioassays. The genome of the AB1 strain was sequenced by Hiseq Illumina sequencing to identify the insecticidal genes present in the genome and nano liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC/MS/MS) of purified crystal proteins of AB1 was performed to identify the expressed insecticidal proteins. Multilocus sequence typing and Gyrase B gene sequence analyses were performed to identify the phylogenetic origin of the AB1 strain. RESULTS The AB1 strain was identified as producing high levels of bipyramidal crystals and displaying insecticidal activity against susceptible and Dipel-resistant strains of P. xylostella. Multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analysis of the Gyrase B gene identified that AB1 belongs to the B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai serotype. Comparative analysis of genomic and proteomic data showed that among the insecticidal protein coding genes annotated from the AB1 genome (cry1Aa, cry1Ca, cry1Da, cry1Ia, cry2Ab and cry9), Cry1Ca and Cry1Da toxins represented most of the toxin fraction in parasporal crystals from AB1. Overall findings warrant further development of B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai AB1 strain as a pesticide to control P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashini Yasara Baragamaarachchi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Domínguez-Arrizabalaga M, Villanueva M, Fernandez AB, Caballero P. A Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Containing a Novel cry7Aa2 Gene that Is Toxic to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E259. [PMID: 31438609 PMCID: PMC6780604 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the Bacillus thuringiensis BM311.1 strain was sequenced and assembled in 359 contigs containing a total of 6,390,221 bp. The plasmidic ORF of a putative cry gene from this strain was identified as a potential novel Cry protein of 1138 amino acid residues with a 98% identity compared to Cry7Aa1 and a predicted molecular mass of 129.4 kDa. The primary structure of Cry7Aa2, which had eight conserved blocks and the classical structure of three domains, differed in 28 amino acid residues from that of Cry7Aa1. The cry7Aa2 gene was amplified by PCR and then expressed in the acrystalliferous strain BMB171. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the predicted molecular mass for the Cry7Aa2 protein and revealed that after in vitro trypsin incubation, the protein was degraded to a toxin of 62 kDa. However, when treated with digestive fluids from Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae, one major proteinase-resistant fragment of slightly smaller size was produced. The spore and crystal mixture produced by the wild-type BM311.1 strain against L. decemlineata neonate larvae resulted in a LC50 value of 18.8 μg/mL, which was statistically similar to the estimated LC50 of 20.8 μg/mL for the recombinant BMB17-Cry7Aa2 strain. In addition, when this novel toxin was activated in vitro with commercial trypsin, the LC50 value was reduced 3.8-fold to LC50 = 4.9 μg/mL. The potential advantages of Cry7Aa2 protoxin compared to Cry7Aa1 protoxin when used in the control of insect pests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Domínguez-Arrizabalaga
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Villanueva
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
- Bioinsectis SL, Avda Pamplona 123, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Fernandez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology-IMAB, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain.
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Cao Z, Zhang W, Ning X, Wang B, Liu Y, Li QX. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Linear Epitope: Illustration by Three Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Proteins of Genetically Modified Cotton, Maize, and Tobacco. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10115-10122. [PMID: 29068685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac, Cry1Ia1, and Cry1Ie are δ-endotoxin insecticidal proteins widely implemented in genetically modified organisms (GMO), such as cotton, maize, and potato. Western blot assay integrates electrophoresis separation power and antibody high specificity for monitoring specific exogenous proteins expressed in GMO. Procedures for evoking monoclonal antibody (mAb) for Western blot were poorly documented. In the present study, Cry1Ac partially denatured at 100 °C for 5 min was used as an immunogen to develop mAbs selectively recognizing a linear epitope of Cry1Ac for Western blot. mAb 5E9C6 and 3E6E2 selected with sandwich ELISA strongly recognized the heat semidenatured Cry1Ac. Particularly, 3E6E2 recognized both E. coli and cotton seed expressed Cry1Ac in Western blot. Such strategy of using partially denatured proteins as immunogens and using sandwich ELISA for mAb screening was also successfully demonstrated with production of mAbs against Cry1Ie for Western blot assay in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangxue Ning
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Mushtaq R, Behle R, Liu R, Niu L, Song P, Shakoori AR, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ie2, Cry2Ac7, Vip3Aa11 and Cry7Ab3 proteins against Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chrysodeixis includens and Ceratoma trifurcata. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:70-72. [PMID: 28919015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic soybean producing the Cry1Ac insecticidal protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) and the soybean looper [Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)]. The main threat to the sustainability of this technology is the development of resistance, which could be delayed by using pyramiding of diverse Bt insecticidal genes. We report high activity of Cry2Ac7 and Vip3Aa11 but not Cry1Ie2 against larvae of A. gemmatalis and C. includens. In addition, we also report anti-feeding activity of Cry1Ie2 and Cry7Ab3 in adults of the bean leaf beetle [Ceratoma trifurcata (Foster)], an alternative pest of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mushtaq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Robert Behle
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA-ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Rongmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Pérez MP, Sauka DH, Onco MI, Berretta MF, Benintende GB. Selection of Bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic to cotton boll weevil ( Anthonomus grandis , Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:264-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Adalat R, Saleem F, Crickmore N, Naz S, Shakoori AR. In Vivo Crystallization of Three-Domain Cry Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030080. [PMID: 28282927 PMCID: PMC5371835 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most successful, environmentally-friendly, and intensively studied microbial insecticide. The major characteristic of Bt is the production of proteinaceous crystals containing toxins with specific activity against many pests including dipteran, lepidopteran, and coleopteran insects, as well as nematodes, protozoa, flukes, and mites. These crystals allow large quantities of the protein toxins to remain stable in the environment until ingested by a susceptible host. It has been previously established that 135 kDa Cry proteins have a crystallization domain at their C-terminal end. In the absence of this domain, Cry proteins often need helper proteins or other factors for crystallization. In this review, we classify the Cry proteins based on their requirements for crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooma Adalat
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Faiza Saleem
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Neil Crickmore
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK.
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Zorzetti J, Ricietto APS, Fazion FAP, Meneguim AM, Neves PMOJ, Vilas-Boas LA, Rodrigues RB, Vilas-Bôas GT. Selection and Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) Strains for Ecdytolopha aurantiana (Lima) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Control. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:86-92. [PMID: 27406593 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The citrus fruit borer, Ecdytolopha aurantiana (Lima, 1927) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is responsible for major losses to the citrus industry because it causes rot and drop of fruits. The current study aimed to select and characterize Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) strains toxic to E. aurantiana. For this purpose, 47 B. thuringiensis strains were evaluated in selective bioassays using first instar larvae of E. aurantiana. The lethal concentration (LC50) of the most toxic strains was estimated, and the strains were characterized by morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Of the 47 strains tested, 10 caused mortality above 85% and showed mean lethal concentrations between 1.05E+7 and 1.54E+8 spores mL-1. The lowest LC50 values were obtained for the HD-1 standard strain and the BR145, BR83, BR52, and BR09 strains. The protein profile showed the presence of Cry proteins of 60, 65, 70, 80, and 130 kDa. The molecular characterization showed the presence of cry1, cry2, cry3, and cry11 genes. The morphological analysis identified three different crystalline inclusions: bipyramidal, round, and cuboidal. The cry1 and cry2 genes were the most frequent among the B. thuringiensis strains evaluated and encode Cry proteins toxic to insects of the order Lepidoptera, which agree with the toxicity results obtained by the selective bioassays against E. aurantiana. The results showed four different B. thuringiensis strains toxic to E. aurantiana at the same level as the HD-1 standard strain, and these strains have biotechnological potential for E. aurantiana control through the production of transgenic plants or the formulation of biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zorzetti
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - A P S Ricietto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - F A P Fazion
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - A M Meneguim
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - P M O J Neves
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Agronomia, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - L A Vilas-Boas
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - R B Rodrigues
- Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - G T Vilas-Bôas
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 445, CEP 86047-902, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Silva CR, Monnerat R, Lima LM, Martins ÉS, Melo Filho PA, Pinheiro MP, Santos RC. Stable integration and expression of a cry1Ia gene conferring resistance to fall armyworm and boll weevil in cotton plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1549-1557. [PMID: 26558603 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boll weevil is a serious pest of cotton crop. Effective control involves applications of chemical insecticides, increasing the cost of production and environmental pollution. The current genetically modified Bt crops have allowed great benefits to farmers but show activity limited to lepidopteran pests. This work reports on procedures adopted for integration and expression of a cry transgene conferring resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm by using molecular tools. RESULTS Four Brazilian cotton cultivars were microinjected with a minimal linear cassette generating 1248 putative lines. Complete gene integration was found in only one line (T0-34) containing one copy of cry1Ia detected by Southern blot. Protein was expressed in high concentration at 45 days after emergence (dae), decreasing by approximately 50% at 90 dae. Toxicity of the cry protein was demonstrated in feeding bioassays revealing 56.7% mortality to boll weevil fed buds and 88.1% mortality to fall armyworm fed leaves. A binding of cry1Ia antibody was found in the midgut of boll weevils fed on T0-34 buds in an immunodetection assay. CONCLUSION The gene introduced into plants confers resistance to boll weevil and fall armyworm. Transmission of the transgene occurred normally to T1 progeny. All plants showed phenotypically normal growth, with fertile flowers and abundant seeds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carliane Rc Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rose Monnerat
- Embrapa - Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), SAIN, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Liziane M Lima
- Embrapa - Cotton (Embrapa Algodão), Centenário, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Érica S Martins
- Embrapa - Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (CENARGEN), SAIN, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseane C Santos
- Embrapa - Cotton (Embrapa Algodão), Centenário, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Radosavljevic J, Naimov S. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (L.) Cry proteins against summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rösslerstamm). J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 138:63-5. [PMID: 27311897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The activity of seven Cry1, one Cry9 and one hybrid Cry1 protoxins against neonate larvae of summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana - Fischer von Rösslerstamm) has been investigated. Cry1Ia is identified as the most toxic protein, followed by Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac. Cry1Ca, Cry1Cb, Cry1Da and Cry1Fa were less active, while SN19 (Cry1 hybrid protein with domain composition 1Ba/1Ia/1Ba) and Cry9Aa exhibited negligible toxicity against A. orana. In vitro trypsin-activated Cry1Ac is still less active than Cry1Ia protoxin, suggesting that toxicity of Cry1Ia is most probably due to more complex differences in further downstream processing, toxin-receptor interactions and pore formation in A. orana's midgut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radosavljevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", Tzar Asen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", Tzar Asen 24, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Genome Sequence of the Mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis Strain BR58, a Biopesticide Product Effective against the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01232-15. [PMID: 26659669 PMCID: PMC4675934 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01232-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial control agent against insect pests. The draft genome sequence of the Brazilian strain BR58 described here contains the insecticidal genes cry4A, cry4B, cry10A, cry11A, cry60A, cry60B, and cyt1A, which show toxicity to both Aedes aegypti and Hypothenemus hampei larvae.
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Malik W, Abid MA, Cheema HMN, Khan AA, Iqbal MZ, Qayyum A, Hanif M, Bibi N, Yuan SN, Yasmeen A, Mahmood A, Ashraf J. From Qutn to Bt cotton: Development, adoption and prospects. A review. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Feng D, Chen Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, He K, Guo S. Domain III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ie Toxin Plays an Important Role in Binding to Peritrophic Membrane of Asian Corn Borer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136430. [PMID: 26295704 PMCID: PMC4546665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal IE648 toxin is a truncated Cry1Ie protein with increased toxicity against Asian corn borer (ACB). Cry toxins are pore-forming toxins that disrupt insect midgut cells to kill the larvae. However, the peritrophic membrane (PM) is an important barrier that Cry toxins must cross before binding to midgut cells. Previously, it was shown that Cry toxins are able to bind and accumulate in the PM of several lepidopteran insects. Binding of IE648 toxin to PM of ACB was previously reported and the goal of the current work was the identification of the binding region between Cry1Ie and the PM of ACB. Homologous competition binding assays showed that this interaction was specific. Heterologous competition binding assays performed with different fragments corresponding to domain I, domain II and domain III allowed us to identify that domain III participates in the interaction of IE648 with the PM. Specifically, peptide D3-L8 (corresponding to Cry1Ie toxin residues 607 to 616), located in an exposed loop region of domain III is probably involved in this interaction. Ligand blot assays show that IE648 interact with chitin and PM proteins with sizes of 30, 32 and 80 kDa. The fact that domain III interacts with proteins of similar molecular masses supports that this region of the toxin might be involved in PM interaction. These data provide for the first time the identification of domain III as a putative binding region between PM and 3D-Cry toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Feng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao C, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Abdelgaffar HM, Pan H, Song F, Zhang J. Identification of a New cry1I-Type Gene as a Candidate for Gene Pyramiding in Corn To Control Ostrinia Species Larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3699-705. [PMID: 25795679 PMCID: PMC4421046 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00379-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Considering the dependency of susceptibility to Cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. In this study, we present a novel cry1Ie toxin gene (cry1Ie2) as a candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to control Ostrinia species larvae. The new toxin gene encodes an 81-kDa protein that is processed to a protease-resistant core form of approximately 55 kDa by trypsin digestion. The purified protoxin displayed high toxicity to Ostrinia furnacalis and O. nubilalis larvae but low to no activity against Spodoptera or heliothine species or the coleopteran Tenebrio molitor. Results of binding assays with (125)I-labeled Cry1Ab toxin and brush border membrane vesicles from O. nubilalis larvae demonstrated that Cry1Ie2 does not recognize the Cry1Ab binding sites in that insect. Reciprocal competition binding assays with biotin-labeled Cry1Ie2 confirmed the lack of shared sites with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles. These data support Cry1Ie2 as a good candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to increase the control of O. nubilalis and reduce the risk of resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heba M Abdelgaffar
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Rukarwa RJ, Mukasa SB, Odongo B, Ssemakula G, Ghislain M. Identification of relevant non-target organisms exposed to weevil-resistant Bt sweetpotato in Uganda. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:217-226. [PMID: 28324435 PMCID: PMC4026458 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the impact of transgenic crops on non-target organisms (NTO) is a prerequisite to their release into the target environment for commercial use. Transgenic sweetpotato varieties expressing Cry proteins (Bt sweetpotato) are under development to provide effective protection against sweetpotato weevils (Coleoptera) which cause severe economic losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Like any other pest control technologies, genetically engineered crops expressing insecticidal proteins need to be evaluated to assess potential negative effects on non-target organisms that provide important services to the ecosystem. Beneficial arthropods in sweetpotato production systems can include pollinators, decomposers, and predators and parasitoids of the target insect pest(s). Non-target arthropod species commonly found in sweetpotato fields that are related taxonomically to the target pests were identified through expert consultation and literature review in Uganda where Bt sweetpotato is expected to be initially evaluated. Results indicate the presence of few relevant non-target Coleopterans that could be affected by Coleopteran Bt sweetpotato varieties: ground, rove and ladybird beetles. These insects are important predators in sweetpotato fields. Additionally, honeybee (hymenoptera) is the main pollinator of sweetpotato and used for honey production. Numerous studies have shown that honeybees are unaffected by the Cry proteins currently deployed which are homologous to those of the weevil-resistant Bt sweetpotato. However, because of their feeding behaviour, Bt sweetpotato represents an extremely low hazard due to negligible exposure. Hence, we conclude that there is good evidence from literature and expert opinion that relevant NTOs in sweetpotato fields are unlikely to be affected by the introduction of Bt sweetpotato in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Rukarwa
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - S B Mukasa
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - B Odongo
- African Institute for Capacity Development, P.O. Box 46179, Nairobi GPO, 00100, Kenya
| | - G Ssemakula
- National Crop Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), P.O. Box 7084, Namulonge, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Ghislain
- International Potato Center, P.O. Box 25171, Nairobi, 00603, Kenya
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21
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Naimov S, Zahmanova G, Boncehva R, Kostova M, Minkov I, Dukiandjiev S, de Maagd R. Expression of Synthetic SN 19 Hybrid Delta-Endotoxin Encoding Gene in Transgenic Potato. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2006.10817378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Diversity analysis and characterization of Coleoptera-, Hemiptera- and Nematode-active cry genes in native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Mahadeva Swamy HM, Asokan R, Mahmood R. Insilico Structural 3D Modelling of Novel Cry1Ib9 and Cry3A Toxins from Local Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:94-103. [PMID: 24426173 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) models for the 79.2 kDa activated Cry1Ib9 and 77.4 kDa activated Cry3A δ-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) native isolates that are specifically toxic to Coleopteran insect pests were constructed by utilizing homology modeling online tool. Evidences presented here, based on the identification of structural equivalent residues of Cry1Ib9 and Cry3A toxin through homology modelling indicate that, they share a common Bt toxin tridimensional structure. The main differences observed in Cry1I9 domain I at positions α2b (S56-I60), α4 (F78-l93) and additionally β0 (Q10-L12), α8a (T280-V282) were observed, in domain II at positions α9b (P333-L339), β6(T390-Q393), β7(V398-W404), β8 (V418-W425), β9 (E453-N454), β10 (S470-I479) where as in domain III the changes were observed at positions β19 (R601-F607), β20 (609-L613), β21 (S618-F627) and α11a (K655-F664), α13, α14 components present at downstream sites, where as in Cry3A main differences observed in domain I is at the position of α4 (P105-I152), α5 (Q163-A185), β1A(E190-L192), α6 (F193-Y217), Domain II is not consevered and main variations were observed at β2 (E292-L295), β3(V299-L308), β4(I340-F347), β5(D356-P368), β6(I375-T377), β7(V389-F394), β8(K398-N405), β9(Y416-Y427), β10 (T436-Y439), β12(G476-H495), β12A (M503-I504) where as in domain III main variations observed at positions of β18 (P583-I593), β19(F604-S610), β20(P611-L615), β21(N619-G626). Cry1Ib9 and Cry3A contain the most variable regions in the loops of domain II, which determine the specificity of these toxins. These are the first models of Coleopteran-active protein from native isolates of Bt and its importance can be perceived since members of this group of toxins are potentially important candidates for coleoptera insect pest control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Mahadeva Swamy
- Bio-Pesticide Laboratory (BPL), Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089 India
| | - R Asokan
- Bio-Pesticide Laboratory (BPL), Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089 India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Post-Graduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahayadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga, 577451 Karnataka India
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24
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van Frankenhuyzen K. Cross-order and cross-phylum activity of Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 114:76-85. [PMID: 23747826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins with pesticidal activities across orders and phyla raises the question how widespread cross-activities are and if they are of sufficient biological significance to have implications for ecological safety of those proteins in pest control applications. Cross-activity is reported for 27 proteins and 69 taxa and is substantiated by reasonable evidence (mortality estimates) in 19 cases involving 45 taxa. Cross-activities occur in 13 primary rank families across three classes of pesticidal proteins (Cry, Cyt and Vip), and comprise 13 proteins affecting species across two orders, five proteins affecting three orders and one protein affecting four orders, all within the class Insecta. Cross-activity was quantified (LC50 estimates) for 16 proteins and 25 taxa. Compared to toxicity ranges established for Diptera-, Coleoptera-, Lepidoptera- and Nematoda-active proteins, 13 cross-activities are in the low-toxicity range (10-1000μg/ml), 12 in the medium - (0.10-10μg/ml) and two in the high-toxicity range (0.01-0.10μg/ml). Although cross-activities need to be viewed with caution until they are confirmed through independent testing, current evidence suggests that cross-activity of B. thuringiensis pesticidal proteins needs to be taken into consideration when designing and approving their use in pest control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees van Frankenhuyzen
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada.
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25
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González A, Rodríguez G, Bruzón RY, Díaz M, Companionis A, Menéndez Z, Gato R. Isolation and characterization of entomopathogenic bacteria from soil samples from the western region of Cuba. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:46-52. [PMID: 23701606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of insect pathogens is a viable alternative for insect control because of their relative specificity and lower environmental impact. The search for wild strains against dipterans could have an impact on mosquito control programs. We have made an extensive screening of soil in western Cuba to find bacteria with larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. A total of 150 soil samples were collected and isolates were identifying using the API 50 CHB gallery. Phenotypic characteristics were analyzed by hierarchical ascending classification. Quantitative bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions following the World Health Organization protocol in order to ascertain the toxicity and efficacy of isolates. The protein profiles of the crystal components were determined by SDS-PAGE. Eight hundred and eighty-one bacterial isolates were obtained, and 13 isolates with entomopathogenic activity were isolated from nine samples. Nine isolates displayed higher entomopathogenic activity against both Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti compared with the reference strain 266/2. All toxic isolates showed higher biological potency than the 266/2 strain. These isolates with high entomopathogenic activity displayed a protein pattern similar to the B. thuringiensis var. israelensis IPS-82 and 266/2 strains. These results are a valuable tool for the control of Diptera of medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen González
- LABIOFAM, Havana, Cuba Department of Vector Control, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí, Havana Cuba, Marianao 13, Havana, Cuba.
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Bergamasco V, Mendes D, Fernandes O, Desidério J, Lemos M. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa protein interactions and their toxicity in Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera). J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a New cry1Ab Gene from DOR Bt-1, an Indigenous Isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:795-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Fiuza LM, Schünemann R, Pinto LMN, Zanettini MHB. Two new Brazilian isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:363-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium used for biopesticides production and pest-resistant plants due to the synthesis of protein crystals by cry genes, which are effective in controlling several insect orders such as Lepidoptera. This work aimed at the evaluation and characterisation of two new B. thuringiensis isolates active against A. gemmatalis (Hübner 1818) larvae, which is the soybean major pest. The results showed that Bt117-4 isolate amplified fragments corresponding to cry2 and cry9 genes, and synthesised protein fragments equivalent to 130, 90 and 45 kDa. The Bt3146-4 isolate amplified DNA fragments corresponding to cry9 gene and synthesised protein fragments of 70, 58 and 38 kDa. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of protein crystals in both isolates. CL50 with Cry purified proteins from Bt117-4 and Bt3146-4, corresponded to 0.195 and 0.191 µg larvae-1, respectively. The two B. thuringiensis isolates selected in this study were effective to control velvetbean caterpillar at laboratory conditions. Field tests should be carried on to develop new biopesticides formulation as well for cry genes resource for Anticarsia gemmatalis resistant transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - LMN. Pinto
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
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Guo S, Zhang C, Lin X, Zhang Y, He K, Song F, Zhang J. Purification of an active fragment of Cry1Ie toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 78:204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Construction of a Bacillus thuringiensis genetically-engineered strain harbouring the secreted Cry1Ia delta-endotoxin in its crystal. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:2367-72. [PMID: 21805183 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins, Cry1Ia does not form a crystal since it is a secreted delta-endotoxin. We have engineered a Cry1Iac chimeric protein by substituting the C-terminal part of Cry1Ia by the corresponding Cry1Ac part. When expressed in an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain, Cry1Iac did not crystallize, but when expressed in the crystalliferous strain BNS3, the chimeric protein co-crystallized with the endogenous Cry1A delta-endotoxins forming a typical bipyramidal crystal. The integration of Cry1Ia in the composition of the crystal of BNS3 led to an increase of its delta-endotoxin production (13%) and to an improvement (60%) of its toxicity against Agrotis ipsilon.
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31
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Kaelin P, Morel P, Gadani F. Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from Stored Tobacco and Lasioderma serricorne (F.). Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 60:19-25. [PMID: 16349149 PMCID: PMC201263 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.1.19-25.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from dried tobacco residues and dead tobacco beetles (Lasioderma serricorne (F.); Coleoptera: Anobiidae) collected in a large number of locations worldwide. Eighty-eight samples of stored tobacco were analyzed and yielded 78 B. thuringiensis strains which were characterized on the basis of parasporal crystal morphology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles, and the results of an immunoblot analysis of the insecticidal crystal proteins. Flagellar antigen identification was used to differentiate selected isolates. Strains that produced rhomboidal crystals associated with the Coleoptera-specific pathotype (Cry III group) were the most abundant strains (59% of the isolates). Preliminary toxicity assays were performed with L. serricorne larvae, and the results suggested that activity is not restricted to isolates related to the Coleoptera-specific group. The results of our survey indicate that B. thuringiensis is part of the natural microflora in the stored-tobacco environment and that this special habitat represents a source of B. thuringiensis isolates that may be used to control stored-product pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaelin
- Research and Development Department, Philip Morris Europe S.A., CH-2003 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Lopez-Meza JE, Ibarra JE. Characterization of a Novel Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:1306-10. [PMID: 16535294 PMCID: PMC1388832 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.4.1306-1310.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known species of entomopathogenic bacteria that is widely used as a biopesticide against many insect pests. Insecticidal proteins, coded for by genes located in plasmids, form typical parasporal, crystalline inclusions during sporulation. In this report, an unusual strain of B. thuringiensis subserovar oyamensis (LBIT-113), isolated from living larvae of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico, was characterized by its ultrastructure, the protein composition of its parasporal crystal, plasmid pattern, and toxicological properties against several insect and noninsect targets. The parasporal crystal is enclosed within the spore's outermost envelope (exosporium), as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and exhibits a square, flat shape. Its main components are two proteins with sizes of 88 and 54 kDa. Despite some crystal morphology resemblance, both proteins are immunologically unrelated to the Cry IIIA protein, as shown by immunoblot analysis, when probed with antisera raised against the 88-kDa protein and the Cry IIIA protein. Partial N-terminal sequence of the 88-kDa protein revealed a unique amino acid arrangement among the Cry proteins. Solubilization of the crystal proteins was achieved at 3.3 M NaBr, and its digestion with trypsin showed only one ca. 60-kDa peptide, as observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns of three plasmids of strain LBIT-113 were considerably different from those of B. thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki, tenebrionis, and israelensis. Parasporal crystals showed no toxicity to larvae of four species of caterpillar, three species of mosquito, two species of beetle, one species of cricket, one species of ant, one species of aphid, one species of nematode, one species of ostracod, one species of ameba, and one species of rotifer.
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López-Pazos SA, Rojas Arias AC, Ospina SA, Cerón J. Activity of Bacillus thuringiensisâhybrid protein against a lepidopteran and a coleopteran pest. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 302:93-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Frankenhuyzen KV. Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Silva-Werneck J, Ellar D. Characterization of a novel Cry9Bb δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 98:320-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martins É, Aguiar R, Martins N, Melatti V, Falcão R, Gomes A, Ribeiro B, Monnerat R. Recombinant Cry1Ia protein is highly toxic to cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1363-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Specific activity of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain against Locusta migratoria manilensis. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 98:169-76. [PMID: 18359040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has played an important role in biocontrol of pests. However, insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis against locusts has been rarely reported. Bt strain BTH-13 exhibiting specific activity to locusts was isolated from a soil sample in China and characterized. Its bipyramidal parasporal crystal is mainly composed of a protein of 129kDa, and produces a mature toxin of 64kDa after activation. The pattern of total DNA from BTH-13 showed a large and three small plasmid bands. Known delta-endotoxin genes, cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1C, cry3, cry4 and cry7Aa were not found from strain BTH-13 by PCR amplification. The sequence analysis of a DNA fragment produced by PCR amplification with degenerate cry-selective primers revealed that the fragment encoded a delta-endotoxin segment, which exhibited some similarity to several Cry proteins (41% of the highest similarity to Cry7Ba1). Toxicity tests were performed against Locusta migratoria manilensis, and the results demonstrated that trypsin-treated sporulated cultures and crystal proteins had high toxicity to larval and adult locusts. Cry toxin of BTH-13 was detected on the midguts of treated locusts using immunofluorescent technology, which confirmed the site of action of the crystal proteins in their toxicity for locusts.
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Grossi-De-Sa MF, De Magalhaes MQ, Silva MS, Silva SM, Dias SC, Nakasu EYT, Brunetta PSF, Oliveira GR, De Oliveira Neto OB, De Oliveira RS, Soares LHB, Ayub MAZ, Siqueira HAA, Figueira EL. Susceptibility of Anthonomus grandis (Cotton Boll Weevil) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm) to a Cry1Ia-type Toxin from a Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis Strain. BMB Rep 2007; 40:773-82. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.5.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Armengol G, Escobar MC, Maldonado ME, Orduz S. Diversity of Colombian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis with insecticidal activity against dipteran and lepidopteran insects. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:77-88. [PMID: 17184322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the genetic and molecular diversity and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from all the natural regions of Colombia. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 445 isolates from a collection of B. thuringiensis were characterized. The parasporal crystal morphology that was most abundant was bipyramidal (60%). Almost 10% of the isolates were toxic to Spodoptera frugiperda and 5.6% against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. cry gene content determined by PCR indicated that 10.6% of the isolates contained cry1 genes and 1.1% contained cry2, cry4 or cry11 genes. Protein content of the parasporal crystal was determined by SDS-PAGE; 25 and 18 different protein profiles were found in isolates active against S. frugiperda and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus thuringiensis presents great genetic and molecular diversity even in isolates from the same soil sample. Moreover, the diversity and activity of the isolates might have a relationship with the geographical origin of the samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results obtained here indicate that some of the B. thuringiensis isolates characterized in this study are potential control agents that could be used in programmes against mosquitoes and S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Armengol
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia
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40
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Ruiz de Escudero I, Estela A, Porcar M, Martínez C, Oguiza JA, Escriche B, Ferré J, Caballero P. Molecular and insecticidal characterization of a Cry1I protein toxic to insects of the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Plutellidae, and Chrysomelidae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:4796-804. [PMID: 16820473 PMCID: PMC1489379 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02861-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The most notable characteristic of Bacillus thuringiensis is its ability to produce insecticidal proteins. More than 300 different proteins have been described with specific activity against insect species. We report the molecular and insecticidal characterization of a novel cry gene encoding a protein of the Cry1I group with toxic activity towards insects of the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Plutellidae, and Chrysomelidae. PCR analysis detected a DNA sequence with an open reading frame of 2.2 kb which encodes a protein with a molecular mass of 80.9 kDa. Trypsin digestion of this protein resulted in a fragment of ca. 60 kDa, typical of activated Cry1 proteins. The deduced sequence of the protein has homologies of 96.1% with Cry1Ia1, 92.8% with Cry1Ib1, and 89.6% with Cry1Ic1. According to the Cry protein classification criteria, this protein was named Cry1Ia7. The expression of the gene in Escherichia coli resulted in a protein that was water soluble and toxic to several insect species. The 50% lethal concentrations for larvae of Earias insulana, Lobesia botrana, Plutella xylostella, and Leptinotarsa decemlineata were 21.1, 8.6, 12.3, and 10.0 microg/ml, respectively. Binding assays with biotinylated toxins to E. insulana and L. botrana midgut membrane vesicles revealed that Cry1Ia7 does not share binding sites with Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac proteins, which are commonly present in B. thuringiensis-treated crops and commercial B. thuringiensis-based bioinsecticides. We discuss the potential of Cry1Ia7 as an active ingredient which can be used in combination with Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac in pest control and the management of resistance to B. thuringiensis toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Ruiz de Escudero
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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41
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Tounsi S, Aoun AE, Blight M, Rebaî A, Jaoua S. Evidence of oral toxicity of Photorhabdus temperata strain K122 against Prays oleae and its improvement by heterologous expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Aa and cry1Ia genes. J Invertebr Pathol 2006; 91:131-5. [PMID: 16413572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photorhabdus temperata strain K122 exhibited oral toxicity against Prays oleae with an LC50 of 58.1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). Recombinant P. temperata strains expressing the cry1Aa and/or cry1Ia genes of Bacillus thuringiensis have been constructed. The two cry genes, encoding delta-endotoxins, were placed under the control of the lac promoter and IPTG dependent expression in P. temperata was demonstrated. The presence of the cry genes in K122 resulted in a clear improvement of oral toxicity. This improvement was of 6.2-, 6.6-, and 14.6-fold for the strains K122(pBCcry1Aa), K122(pBScry1Ia), and K122(pBCcry1Aa + pBScry1Ia), respectively. Furthermore, determination of the Synergistic Factor between Cry1Aa and Cry1Ia showed that they act synergistically. This work demonstrates that the heterologous expression of B. thuringiensis cry genes in P. temperata can be used to improve and broaden its host range for insect control.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics
- Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/toxicity
- Bacterial Toxins/genetics
- Bacterial Toxins/toxicity
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Recombinant
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endotoxins/genetics
- Endotoxins/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Genes, Bacterial
- Hemolysin Proteins
- Moths/microbiology
- Pest Control, Biological
- Photorhabdus/genetics
- Photorhabdus/isolation & purification
- Photorhabdus/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Transformation, Bacterial
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Tounsi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box K, 3038. Sfax, Tunisia
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42
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Sauka DH, Cozzi JG, Benintende GB. Detection and identification of cry1I genes in Bacillus thuringiensis using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Curr Microbiol 2005; 52:60-3. [PMID: 16392002 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for detection and identification of cry1I genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was established. Based on the analysis of conserved regions of the cry1I genes, 2 oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 665-bp fragment of the genes. The amplification products were digested with restriction endonuclease HinfI or with RsaI in addition for specific detection of different variants from the known subclasses of cry1I genes. The PCR-RFLP pattern obtained revealed the detection of cry1I genes in 151 of 202 native Bt isolates. Furthermore, cry1I genes were detectable in 10 of 19 standard strains tested. The cry1Ia gene was the most abundant cry1I gene subclass present in 54 of 56 native Bt isolates and in 8 of 10 standard strains. Based on the results obtained, the PCR-RFLP method may be a valuable and reliable tool for specific detection and identification of cry1I genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego H Sauka
- Area Bioinsumos Microbianos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De Los Reseros y Las Cabañas s/nro., C.C. 25, C.P. 1712 Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Tounsi S, Zouari N, Jaoua S. Cloning and study of the expression of a novel cry1Ia-type gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95:23-8. [PMID: 12807450 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.t01-1-01947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cloning and expression of a new cry1Ia-type gene of Bacillus thuringiensis. METHODS AND RESULTS PCR amplification, using gene cry1I-specific primers revealed the presence of such a gene in the strain BNS3 of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. The cloning and sequencing from BNS3 of the cry1Ia-type gene, called crybns3-3, showed an open reading frame of 2160-bp, encoding a protein of 719 amino acid residues. Both nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity analysis revealed that the crybns3-3 is a new cry1Ia-type gene, presenting several differences from the cry1Ia-type genes. The study of the expression of crybns3-3 by Northern blot and RT-PCR showed that it was transcribed. The expression of crybns3-3 under the control of BtI and BtII promoters revealed that Crybns3-3 would co-crystallize with the endogenous delta-endotoxins. CONCLUSIONS crybns3-3 is a novel cry1Ia gene isolated from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BNS3. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The characteristics of crybns3-3 indicate that it is a new cry1Ia-type gene. Amino acid residue substitutions presented in Crybns3-3 could be exploited for both toxicity and specificity studies. Crybns3-3 would interact and co-crystallize at least partially with the endogenous delta-endotoxins of BNS3, and then participate in the formation of the parasporal crystal inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Biopesticides, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Méndez-López I, Basurto-Ríos R, Ibarra JE. Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is highly toxic to the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 226:73-7. [PMID: 13129610 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A native collection of Bacillus thuringiensis strains was screened, once a reliable bioassay technique to assess the toxicity against the coffee berry borer (CBB) first-instar larvae was developed. A first round of bioassays with 170 strains indicated that the great majority of them showed no or very little insecticidal activity and that very few showed significant levels of toxicity. Interestingly, only those strains that had previously been associated with mosquitocidal activity were also toxic to CBB. Qualitative bioassays (using one high dose) were carried out only with those native mosquitocidal strains, corroborating their significant toxicity towards the CBB first-instar larvae. Most of these strains belong to serovar israelensis. In a second approach, strains from the Institut Pasteur type collection, whose mosquitocidal activity had been previously demonstrated, were also subjected to bioassays. Only those strains that showed a comparable protein content in their parasporal crystals to the israelensis type strain also showed high levels of toxicity towards CBB. Finally, an accurate LC(50) was estimated, using purified parasporal crystals from B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis type strain, at 219.5 ng cm(-2) of diet. All the statistical requirements for a reliable estimator were fulfilled. This is the first report of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis being active against a coleopteran species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Méndez-López
- Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agri;colas y Pecuarias, Chris., Rosario Izapa, Mexico
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Song F, Zhang J, Gu A, Wu Y, Han L, He K, Chen Z, Yao J, Hu Y, Li G, Huang D. Identification of cry1I-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a novel cry1I-type gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5207-11. [PMID: 12957903 PMCID: PMC194953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.9.5207-5211.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for identification of cry1I-type genes from Bacillus thuringiensis was established by designing a pair of universal primers based on the conserved regions of the genes to amplify 1,548-bp cry1I-type gene fragments. Amplification products were digested with the Bsp119I and BanI enzymes, and four kinds of known cry1I-type genes were successfully identified. The results showed that cry1I-type genes appeared in 95 of 115 B. thuringiensis isolates and 7 of 13 standard strains. A novel cry1I-type gene was found in one standard strain and six isolates. The novel cry1I gene was cloned from B. thuringiensis isolate Btc007 and subcloned into vector pET-21b. Then it was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The expressed product was shown to be toxic to the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella). However, it was not toxic to the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), or elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta aenescens) in bioassays. Subsequently, the Cry protein encoded by this novel cry gene was designated Cry1Ie1 by the B. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin nomenclature committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biology for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Naimov S, Dukiandjiev S, de Maagd RA. A hybrid Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2003; 1:51-7. [PMID: 17147680 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins has proven to be a successful strategy for obtaining insect resistance in transgenic plants. Drawbacks of expression of a single resistance gene are the limited target spectrum and the potential for rapid adaptation of the pest. Hybrid toxins with a wider target spectrum in combination with existing toxins may be used as tool to mitigate these problems. In this study, Desiree potato plants were genetically modified to resist attack by insect species belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, through the insertion of such a hybrid gene, SN19. Transgenic plants were shown to be resistant against Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults, potato tuber moth larvae, and European corn borer larvae. These are the first transgenic plants resistant to pests belonging to two different insect orders. In addition, the target receptor recognition of this hybrid protein is expected to be different from Cry proteins currently in use for these pests. This makes it a useful tool for resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Street, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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47
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Wang J, Boets A, Van Rie J, Ren G. Characterization of cry1, cry2, and cry9 genes in Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from China. J Invertebr Pathol 2003; 82:63-71. [PMID: 12581721 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from different ecological regions and sources of China were analyzed to study the distribution and diversity of cry genes and to detect the presence of novel cry genes. Strains containing cry1-type genes were the most abundant and represent 237 of the 310 B. thuringiensis isolates (76.5%). About 70 and 15.5% of the isolates contained a cry2 gene or cry9 gene, respectively, while 10.0% of the strains did not contain a cry1, cry2, or cry9 gene. Among the cry1 containing isolates, cry1A (67.7%), cry1I (60.6%), cry1C (43.9%), and cry1D (39.4%) genes were the most abundant. Forty-three different cry1 gene profiles were detected in this collection. Several cry1 genes were associated at a high frequency, such as the cry1C-cry1D and cry1A-cry1I gene combination. The cry1A and cry2 amplicons were digested with selected restriction enzymes to examine sequence diversity. Based on this RFLP analysis, one novel cry1A-type gene was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, PR China.
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48
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Içgen Y, Içgen B, Ozcengiz G. Regulation of crystal protein biosynthesis by Bacillus thuringiensis: I. Effects of mineral elements and pH. Res Microbiol 2002; 153:599-604. [PMID: 12455708 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(02)01367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Crystal protein synthesis by a local isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis was monitored and compared in association with growth and sporulation in media differing in mineral element content. Mg and Cu were the most important metals for the biosynthesis of 135 kDa and 65 kDa toxin components in that the former was essential and the latter was greatly stimulatory at 10(-6) to 10(-7) M concentration. Also the inclusion of Mn favored toxin production at concentrations ranging from 3 x 10(-4) to 10(-5) M. The omission of Zn and Ca had no effect on toxin formation. Crystal protein synthesis and sporulation did not generally seem to be co-regulated by the minerals as these processes responded differently to mineral levels. There was no evidence for suppression of biosynthesis by inorganic phosphate over a range of 3 to 100 mM. Crystal protein production was more efficient in buffered medium, especially when the initial pH was adjusted to 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Içgen
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Biology, Ankara, 06531, Turkey
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Tounsi S, Jaoua S. Identification of a promoter for the crystal protein-encoding gene cry1Ia from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 208:215-8. [PMID: 11959439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of cry1Ia, one of the insecticidal protein genes of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, was studied at the transcriptional level. By primer extension analysis, we have identified for the first time, the transcription start point of cry1Ia. Upstream from the cry1Ia transcription start point, was found a nucleotide sequence partially homologous to the consensus sequence for the E sigma(E) holoenzyme of Bacillus subtilis. Thus, it was strongly suggested that the identified cry1Ia promoter was under the control of sigma(35), the B. thuringiensis homolog of sigma(E). The transcriptional activity from the promoter was detected only for the sporulating cells at T2 and T5 stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Tounsi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Laboratoire de Protection et Transformation des Plantes, Unité Biopesticides et Métabolites, P.O. Box 'K', 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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50
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Naimov S, Weemen-Hendriks M, Dukiandjiev S, de Maagd RA. Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1 hybrid proteins with increased activity against the Colorado potato beetle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5328-30. [PMID: 11679364 PMCID: PMC93309 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.11.5328-5330.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cry1 delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis are generally active against lepidopteran insects, but Cry1Ba and Cry1Ia have additional, though low, levels of activity against coleopterans such as the Colorado potato beetle. Here we report the construction of Cry1Ba/Cry1Ia hybrid toxins which have increased activities against this insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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