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Wu J, Xu X, Duan J, Chai Y, Song J, Gong D, Wang B, Hu Y, Han T, Ding Y, Liu Y, Li J, Cao X. EFHD2 suppresses intestinal inflammation by blocking intestinal epithelial cell TNFR1 internalization and cell death. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1282. [PMID: 38346956 PMCID: PMC10861516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF acts as one pathogenic driver for inducing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death and substantial intestinal inflammation. How the IEC death is regulated to physiologically prevent intestinal inflammation needs further investigation. Here, we report that EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2), highly expressed in normal intestine tissues but decreased in intestinal biopsy samples of ulcerative colitis patients, protects intestinal epithelium from TNF-induced IEC apoptosis. EFHD2 inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis in primary IECs and intestinal organoids (enteroids). Mice deficient of Efhd2 in IECs exhibit excessive IEC death and exacerbated experimental colitis. Mechanistically, EFHD2 interacts with Cofilin and suppresses Cofilin phosphorylation, thus blocking TNF receptor I (TNFR1) internalization to inhibit IEC apoptosis and consequently protecting intestine from inflammation. Our findings deepen the understanding of EFHD2 as the key regulator of membrane receptor trafficking, providing insight into death receptor signals and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaying Song
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dongsheng Gong
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Taotao Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jingnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota Translational Medicine Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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2
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Phospholipase D1 Attenuation Therapeutics Promotes Resilience against Synaptotoxicity in 12-Month-Old 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Progressive Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043372. [PMID: 36834781 PMCID: PMC9967100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrogating synaptotoxicity in age-related neurodegenerative disorders is an extremely promising area of research with significant neurotherapeutic implications in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our studies using human clinical samples and mouse models demonstrated that aberrantly elevated phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau-driven synaptic dysfunction and underlying memory deficits. While knocking out the lipolytic PLD1 gene is not detrimental to survival across species, elevated expression is implicated in cancer, cardiovascular conditions and neuropathologies, leading to the successful development of well-tolerated mammalian PLD isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors. Here, we address the importance of PLD1 attenuation, achieved using repeated 1 mg/kg of VU0155069 (VU01) intraperitoneally every alternate day for a month in 3xTg-AD mice beginning only from ~11 months of age (with greater influence of tau-driven insults) compared to age-matched vehicle (0.9% saline)-injected siblings. A multimodal approach involving behavior, electrophysiology and biochemistry corroborate the impact of this pre-clinical therapeutic intervention. VU01 proved efficacious in preventing in later stage AD-like cognitive decline affecting perirhinal cortex-, hippocampal- and amygdala-dependent behaviors. Glutamate-dependent HFS-LTP and LFS-LTD improved. Dendritic spine morphology showed the preservation of mushroom and filamentous spine characteristics. Differential PLD1 immunofluorescence and co-localization with Aβ were noted.
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Aktories K, Gierschik P, Heringdorf DMZ, Schmidt M, Schultz G, Wieland T. cAMP guided his way: a life for G protein-mediated signal transduction and molecular pharmacology-tribute to Karl H. Jakobs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:887-911. [PMID: 31101932 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Karl H. Jakobs, former editor-in-chief of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology and renowned molecular pharmacologist, passed away in April 2018. In this article, his scientific achievements regarding G protein-mediated signal transduction and regulation of canonical pathways are summarized. Particularly, the discovery of inhibitory G proteins for adenylyl cyclase, methods for the analysis of receptor-G protein interactions, GTP supply by nucleoside diphosphate kinases, mechanisms in phospholipase C and phospholipase D activity regulation, as well as the development of the concept of sphingosine-1-phosphate as extra- and intracellular messenger will presented. His seminal scientific and methodological contributions are put in a general and timely perspective to display and honor his outstanding input to the current knowledge in molecular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Aktories
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89070, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Günter Schultz
- Department of Pharmacology, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13 - 17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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4
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Li M, Keenan CR, Lopez-Campos G, Mangum JE, Chen Q, Prodanovic D, Xia YC, Langenbach SY, Harris T, Hofferek V, Reid GE, Stewart AG. A Non-canonical Pathway with Potential for Safer Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Steroid-Resistant Airway Diseases. iScience 2019; 12:232-246. [PMID: 30711747 PMCID: PMC6360516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired therapeutic responses to anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GC) in chronic respiratory diseases are partly attributable to interleukins and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). However, previous efforts to prevent induction of GC insensitivity by targeting established canonical and non-canonical TGF-β1 pathways have been unsuccessful. Here we elucidate a TGF-β1 signaling pathway modulating GC activity that involves LIM domain kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of cofilin1. Severe, steroid-resistant asthmatic airway epithelium showed increased levels of immunoreactive phospho-cofilin1. Phospho-cofilin1 was implicated in the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) to generate the effector(s) (lyso)phosphatidic acid, which mimics the TGF-β1-induced GC insensitivity. TGF-β1 induction of the nuclear hormone receptor corepressor, SMRT (NCOR2), was dependent on cofilin1 and PLD activities. Depletion of SMRT prevented GC insensitivity. This pathway for GC insensitivity offers several promising drug targets that potentially enable a safer approach to the modulation of TGF-β1 in chronic inflammatory diseases than is afforded by global TGF-β1 inhibition. TGF-β1 extensively impairs GC activity Phospho-cofilin1 is a key link in TGF-β1 signaling cascade subserving GC insensitivity Phospho-cofilin1-activated phospholipase D (PLD) reduces GC activity SMRT induction downstream of PLD mediates TGF-β1 impairment of GC activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christine R Keenan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Campos
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jonathan E Mangum
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Danica Prodanovic
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yuxiu C Xia
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shenna Y Langenbach
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Trudi Harris
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vinzenz Hofferek
- Max Plank Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute. University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Zhang C, Liu X, Chen F, Hu Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Han X, Sun Y, Han L. Gliotoxin destructs the pulmonary epithelium barrier function by reducing cofilin oligomer formation to promote the dissolution of actin stress fibers. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:169-176. [PMID: 30017941 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of pulmonary epithelium is a major feature of lung diseases caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). Gliotoxin, a major mycotoxin of A. fumigatus, is widely postulated to be associated with the tissue invasion. However, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we first discovered that cofilin, a regulator of actin dynamics in the pulmonary epithelial cells, existed mainly in the form of oligomer, which kept it unable to depolymerize actin filaments. Gliotoxin could reduce the formation of cofilin oligomer and promote the release of active cofilin monomer by regulating cofilin phosphorylation balance. Then, the active cofilin induced the dissolution of actin stress fibers to result in the disruption of pulmonary epithelium barrier function. Collectively, our study revealed a novel mechanism of gliotoxin destructing lung epithelium barrier function and for the first time indicated the role of cofilin oligomer in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing, China; Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing, China; Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsong Hu
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing, China; Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, PLA, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Han
- Institute for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing, China.
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6
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Lu Y, Cao L, Egami Y, Kawai K, Araki N. Cofilin contributes to phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles but not non-opsonized particles in RAW264 macrophages. Microscopy (Oxf) 2016; 65:233-42. [PMID: 26754560 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that severs actin filaments. It plays a key role in regulating actin cytoskeletal remodeling, thereby contributing to diverse cellular functions. However, the involvement of cofilin in phagocytosis remains to be elucidated. We examined the spatiotemporal localization of cofilin during phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes, IgG-opsonized latex beads and non-opsonized latex beads. Live-cell imaging showed that GFP-cofilin accumulates in the sites of IgG-opsonized particle binding and in phagocytic cups. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that endogenous cofilin localizes to phagocytic cups engulfing IgG-opsonized particles, but not non-opsonized latex beads. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a notable difference in morphology between phagocytic structures in IgG-dependent and IgG-independent phagocytosis. In phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles, sheet-like pseudopodia extended along the surface of IgG-opsonized particles to form phagocytic cups. In contrast, in opsonin-independent phagocytosis, long finger-like filopodia captured non-opsonized latex beads. Importantly, non-opsonized beads sank into the cells without extending phagocytic cups. Our analysis of cofilin mutant expression demonstrates that phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles is enhanced in cells expressing wild-type cofilin or active mutant cofilin-S3A, whereas the uptake of non-opsonized latex beads is not. These data suggest that cofilin promotes actin cytoskeletal remodeling to form phagocytic cups by accelerating actin turnover and thereby facilitating phagosome formation. In contrast, cofilin is not involved in opsonin-independent phagocytosis of latex beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Lu
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan Department of Information Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Youhei Egami
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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7
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Bao Z, Han X, Chen F, Jia X, Zhao J, Zhang C, Yong C, Tian S, Zhou X, Han L. Evidence for the involvement of cofilin in Aspergillus fumigatus internalization into type II alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:161. [PMID: 26268695 PMCID: PMC4542120 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus into alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is tightly controlled by host cellular actin dynamics, which require close modulation of the ADF (actin depolymerizing factor)/cofilin family. However, the role of cofilin in A. fumigatus internalization into AECs remains unclear. Results Here, we demonstrated that germinated A. fumigatus conidia were able to induce phosphorylation of cofilin in A549 cells during the early stage of internalization. The modulation of cofilin activity by overexpression, knockdown, or mutation of the cofilin gene in A549 cells decreased the efficacy of A. fumigatus internalization. Reducing the phosphorylation status of cofilin with BMS-5 (LIM kinase inhibitor) or overexpression of the slingshot phosphatases also impeded A. fumigatus internalization. Both the C. botulimun C3 transferase (a specific RhoA inhibitor) and Y27632 (a specific ROCK inhibitor) reduced the internalization of A. fumigatus and the level of phosphorylated cofilin. β-1,3-glucan (the major component of the conidial cell wall) and its host cell receptor dectin-1 did not seem to be associated with cofilin phosphorylation during A. fumigatus infection. Conclusion These results indicated that cofilin might be involved in the modulation of A. fumigatus internalization into type II alveolar epithelial cells through the RhoA-ROCK-LIM kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai first people's hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ruijin hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xuelin Han
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Fangyan Chen
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Chen Yong
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Shuguang Tian
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai first people's hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 100, Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Li Han
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Fengtai Dong Street 20, Beijing, 100071, China.
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8
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Zheng K, Kitazato K, Wang Y, He Z. Pathogenic microbes manipulate cofilin activity to subvert actin cytoskeleton. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:677-95. [PMID: 25853495 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin proteins are key players in controlling the temporal and spatial extent of actin dynamics, which is crucial for mediating host-pathogen interactions. Pathogenic microbes have evolved molecular mechanisms to manipulate cofilin activity to subvert the actin cytoskeletal system in host cells, promoting their internalization into the target cells, modifying the replication niche and facilitating their intracellular and intercellular dissemination. The study of how these pathogens exploit cofilin pathways is crucial for understanding infectious disease and providing potential targets for drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China .,c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- b Division of Molecular Pharmacology of Infectious Agents, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology , Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan , and
| | - Yifei Wang
- c Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhendan He
- a Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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9
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Spencer C, Brown HA. Biochemical characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipase D. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1208-18. [PMID: 25565226 PMCID: PMC4337821 DOI: 10.1021/bi501291t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous protein in eukaryotes that hydrolyzes phospholipids to generate the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). PldA, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PLD, is a secreted protein that targets bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Here we have characterized the in vitro factors that modulate enzymatic activity of PldA, including divalent cations and phosphoinositides. We have identified several similarities between the eukaryotic-like PldA and the human PLD isoforms, as well as several properties in which the enzymes diverge. Notable differences include the substrate preference and transphosphatidylation efficiency for PldA. These findings offer new insights into potential regulatory mechanisms of PldA and its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra Spencer
- Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - H. Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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10
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Calabrese B, Saffin JM, Halpain S. Activity-dependent dendritic spine shrinkage and growth involve downregulation of cofilin via distinct mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94787. [PMID: 24740405 PMCID: PMC3989342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A current model posits that cofilin-dependent actin severing negatively impacts dendritic spine volume. Studies suggested that increased cofilin activity underlies activity-dependent spine shrinkage, and that reduced cofilin activity induces activity-dependent spine growth. We suggest instead that both types of structural plasticity correlate with decreased cofilin activity. However, the mechanism of inhibition determines the outcome for spine morphology. RNAi in rat hippocampal cultures demonstrates that cofilin is essential for normal spine maintenance. Cofilin-F-actin binding and filament barbed-end production decrease during the early phase of activity-dependent spine shrinkage; cofilin concentration also decreases. Inhibition of the cathepsin B/L family of proteases prevents both cofilin loss and spine shrinkage. Conversely, during activity-dependent spine growth, LIM kinase stimulates cofilin phosphorylation, which activates phospholipase D-1 to promote actin polymerization. These results implicate novel molecular mechanisms and prompt a revision of the current model for how cofilin functions in activity-dependent structural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Calabrese
- Division of Biological Sciences, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jean-Michel Saffin
- Division of Biological Sciences, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shelley Halpain
- Division of Biological Sciences, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Jia X, Chen F, Pan W, Yu R, Tian S, Han G, Fang H, Wang S, Zhao J, Li X, Zheng D, Tao S, Liao W, Han X, Han L. Gliotoxin promotes Aspergillus fumigatus internalization into type II human pneumocyte A549 cells by inducing host phospholipase D activation. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:491-501. [PMID: 24637030 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus into lung epithelial cells is critical for the infection process in the host. Gliotoxin is the most potent toxin produced by A. fumigatus. However, its role in A. fumigatus internalization into the lung epithelial cells is still largely unknown. In the present study, the deletion of the gliP gene regulating the production of gliotoxin in A. fumigatus suppressed the internalization of conidia into the A549 lung epithelial cells, and this suppression could be rescued by the exogenous addition of gliotoxin. At lower concentrations, gliotoxin enhanced the internalization of the conidia of A. fumigatus into A549 cells; in contrast, it inhibited the phagocytosis of J774 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Under a concentration of 100 ng/ml, gliotoxin had no effect on A549 cell viability but attenuated ROS production in a dose-dependent manner. Gliotoxin significantly stimulated the phospholipase D activity in the A549 cells at a concentration of 50 ng/ml. This stimulation was blocked by the pretreatment of host cells with PLD1- but not PLD2-specific inhibitor. Morphological cell changes induced by gliotoxin were observed in the A549 cells accompanying with obvious actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and a moderate alteration of phospholipase D distribution. Our data indicated that gliotoxin might be responsible for modulating the A. fumigatus internalization into epithelial cells through phospholipase D1 activation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jia
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rentao Yu
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tian
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaige Han
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zheng
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Tao
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Han
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Han
- Department for Hospital Infection Control & Research, Institute of Disease Control & Prevention of PLA, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor-PI3K signaling controls cofilin activity to facilitate herpes simplex virus 1 entry into neuronal cells. mBio 2014; 5:e00958-13. [PMID: 24425731 PMCID: PMC3903278 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00958-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in neurons and can cause severe disseminated infection with neurological impairment and high mortality. This neurodegeneration is thought to be tightly associated with virus-induced cytoskeleton disruption. Currently, the regulation pattern of the actin cytoskeleton and the involved molecular mechanisms during HSV-1 entry into neurons remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the entry of HSV-1 into neuronal cells induces biphasic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and an initial inactivation followed by the subsequent activation of cofilin, a member of the actin depolymerizing factor family that is critical for actin reorganization. The disruption of F-actin dynamics or the modulation of cofilin activity by mutation, knockdown, or overexpression affects HSV-1 entry efficacy and virus-mediated cell ruffle formation. Binding of the HSV-1 envelope initiates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which leads to virus-induced early cofilin phosphorylation and F-actin polymerization. Moreover, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase and Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK) are recruited as downstream mediators of the HSV-1-induced cofilin inactivation pathway. Inhibitors specific for those kinases significantly reduce the virus infectivity without affecting virus binding to the target cells. Additionally, lipid rafts are clustered to promote EGFR-associated signaling cascade transduction. We propose that HSV-1 hijacks cofilin to initiate infection. These results could promote a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HSV-1-induced neurological diseases. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in many crucial cellular processes and acts as an obstacle to pathogen entry into host cells. Because HSV-1 establishes lifelong latency in neurons and because neuronal cytoskeletal disruption is thought to be the main cause of HSV-1-induced neurodegeneration, understanding the F-actin remodeling pattern by HSV-1 infection and the molecular interactions that facilitate HSV-1 entry into neurons is important. In this study, we showed that HSV-1 infection induces the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton as well as the initial inactivation and subsequent activation of cofilin. Then, we determined that activation of the EGFR-PI3K-Erk1/2 signaling pathway inactivates cofilin and promotes F-actin polymerization. We postulate that by regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cofilin biphasic activation could represent the specific cellular machinery usurped by pathogen infection, and these results will greatly contribute to the understanding of HSV-1-induced early and complex changes in host cells that are closely linked to HSV-1 pathogenesis.
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Samstag Y, John I, Wabnitz GH. Cofilin: a redox sensitive mediator of actin dynamics during T-cell activation and migration. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:30-47. [PMID: 24117811 PMCID: PMC3884758 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin is an actin-binding protein that depolymerizes and/or severs actin filaments. This dual function of cofilin makes it one of the major regulators of actin dynamics important for T-cell activation and migration. The activity of cofilin is spatio-temporally regulated. Its main control mechanisms comprise a molecular toolbox of phospho-, phospholipid, and redox regulation. Phosphorylated cofilin is inactive and represents the dominant cofilin fraction in the cytoplasm of resting human T cells. A fraction of dephosphorylated cofilin is kept inactive at the plasma membrane by binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Costimulation via the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex (signal 1) together with accessory receptors (signal 2) or triggering through the chemokine SDF1α (stromal cell-derived factor 1α) induce Ras-dependent dephosphorylation of cofilin, which is important for immune synapse formation, T-cell activation, and T-cell migration. Recently, it became evident that cofilin is also highly sensitive for microenvironmental changes, particularly for alterations in the redox milieu. Cofilin is inactivated by oxidation, provoking T-cell hyporesponsiveness or necrotic-like programmed cell death. In contrast, in a reducing environment, even phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-bound cofilin becomes active, leading to actin dynamics in the vicinity of the plasma membrane. In addition to the well-established three signals for T-cell activation, this microenvironmental control of cofilin delivers a modulating signal for T-cell-dependent immune reactions. This fourth modulating signal highly impacts both initial T-cell activation and the effector phase of T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Samstag
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabel John
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido H Wabnitz
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
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Alphaherpesviral US3 kinase induces cofilin dephosphorylation to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton. J Virol 2013; 87:4121-6. [PMID: 23365433 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03107-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved alphaherpesviral serine/threonine kinase US3 causes dramatic actin rearrangements, associated with increased viral spread. Here, we show that US3 of pseudorabies virus (PRV) leads to activation (dephosphorylation) of the central actin regulator cofilin. A mutation that impairs US3 kinase activity and the group I p21-activated kinase inhibitor IPA-3 inhibited US3-mediated cofilin activation. Additionally, expression of phosphomimetic S3D cofilin significantly suppressed the ability of US3 to cause cell projections and cell rounding. In conclusion, the US3 kinase of PRV leads to activation (dephosphorylation) of cofilin, and cofilin contributes to US3-mediated actin rearrangements.
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Pizarro-Cerdá J, Kühbacher A, Cossart P. Entry of Listeria monocytogenes in mammalian epithelial cells: an updated view. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:2/11/a010009. [PMID: 23125201 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization into host epithelial cells. Interaction between the bacterial surface molecules InlA and InlB and their cellular receptors E-cadherin and Met, respectively, triggers the recruitment of endocytic effectors, the subversion of the phosphoinositide metabolism, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that lead to bacterial engulfment. Additional bacterial surface and secreted virulence factors also contribute to entry, albeit to a lesser extent. Here we review the increasing number of signaling effectors that are reported as being subverted by L. monocytogenes during invasion of cultured cell lines. We also update the current knowledge of the early steps of in vivo cellular infection, which, as shown recently, challenges previous concepts generated from in vitro data.
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Identification of components of the host type IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway that promote internalization of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2011; 80:1252-66. [PMID: 22158742 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06082-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes food-borne illnesses resulting in gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria promotes its internalization into some human cells through binding of the bacterial surface protein InlB to the host receptor tyrosine kinase Met. The interaction of InlB with the Met receptor stimulates host signaling pathways that promote cell surface changes driving bacterial uptake. One human signaling protein that plays a critical role in Listeria entry is type IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The molecular mechanism by which PI 3-kinase promotes bacterial internalization is not understood. Here we perform an RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen to identify components of the type IA PI 3-kinase pathway that control the entry of Listeria into the human cell line HeLa. The 64 genes targeted encode known upstream regulators or downstream effectors of type IA PI 3-kinase. The results of this screen indicate that at least 9 members of the PI 3-kinase pathway play important roles in Listeria uptake. These 9 human proteins include a Rab5 GTPase, several regulators of Arf or Rac1 GTPases, and the serine/threonine kinases phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor), and protein kinase C-ζ. These findings represent a key first step toward understanding the mechanism by which type IA PI 3-kinase controls bacterial internalization.
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Disruption of the phospholipase D gene attenuates the virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 2011; 80:429-40. [PMID: 22083709 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05830-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen that induces serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Phospholipases are key enzymes in pathogenic fungi that cleave host phospholipids, resulting in membrane destabilization and host cell penetration. However, knowledge of the impact of phospholipases on A. fumigatus virulence is rather limited. In this study, disruption of the pld gene encoding phospholipase D (PLD), an important member of the phospholipase protein family in A. fumigatus, was confirmed to significantly decrease both intracellular and extracellular PLD activity of A. fumigatus. The pld gene disruption did not alter conidial morphological characteristics, germination, growth, and biofilm formation but significantly suppressed the internalization of A. fumigatus into A549 epithelial cells without affecting conidial adhesion to epithelial cells. Importantly, the suppressed internalization was fully rescued in the presence of 100 μM phosphatidic acid, the PLD product. Indeed, complementation of pld restored the PLD activity and internalization capacity of A. fumigatus. Phagocytosis of A. fumigatus conidia by J774 macrophages was not affected by the absence of the pld gene. Pretreatment of conidia with 1-butanol and a specific PLD inhibitor decreased the internalization of A. fumigatus into A549 epithelial cells but had no effect on phagocytosis by J774 macrophages. Finally, loss of the pld gene attenuated the virulence of A. fumigatus in mice immunosuppressed with hydrocortisone acetate but not with cyclophosphamide. These data suggest that PLD of A. fumigatus regulates its internalization into lung epithelial cells and may represent an important virulence factor for A. fumigatus infection.
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Bamburg JR. Listeria monocytogenes cell invasion: a new role for cofilin in co-ordinating actin dynamics and membrane lipids. Mol Microbiol 2011; 81:851-4. [PMID: 21762221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Actin reorganization, mediated by the actin dynamizing protein cofilin, is essential for host cell invasion by the intracellular pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. During invasion, the InlB bacterial surface ligands closely interact with host cell Met receptors to induce phagocytosis. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Han et al., 2011 clearly demonstrate that phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent production of membrane phosphatidic acid is required for invasion. They further show that the phosphorylated form of cofilin, which is inactive in actin binding, is necessary for the activation of the PLD1 isoform. Although cofilin-independent PLD2 can also mediate internalization, it is a phospho-cofilin-dependent balanced production of phosphatidic acid that is required for optimal Listeria internalization. Cofilin-dependent membrane lipid remodelling has important implications for cofilin function that go well beyond its direct effects on actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, USA.
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