1
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Kameda-Smith MM, Zhu H, Luo EC, Suk Y, Xella A, Yee B, Chokshi C, Xing S, Tan F, Fox RG, Adile AA, Bakhshinyan D, Brown K, Gwynne WD, Subapanditha M, Miletic P, Picard D, Burns I, Moffat J, Paruch K, Fleming A, Hope K, Provias JP, Remke M, Lu Y, Reya T, Venugopal C, Reimand J, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Yeo GW, Singh SK. Characterization of an RNA binding protein interactome reveals a context-specific post-transcriptional landscape of MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7506. [PMID: 36473869 PMCID: PMC9726987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common solid malignant brain neoplasm, with Group 3 (G3) MB representing the most aggressive subgroup. MYC amplification is an independent poor prognostic factor in G3 MB, however, therapeutic targeting of the MYC pathway remains limited and alternative therapies for G3 MB are urgently needed. Here we show that the RNA-binding protein, Musashi-1 (MSI1) is an essential mediator of G3 MB in both MYC-overexpressing mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. MSI1 inhibition abrogates tumor initiation and significantly prolongs survival in both models. We identify binding targets of MSI1 in normal neural and G3 MB stem cells and then cross referenced these data with unbiased large-scale screens at the transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic levels to systematically dissect its functional role. Comparative integrative multi-omic analyses of these large datasets reveal cancer-selective MSI1-bound targets sharing multiple MYC associated pathways, providing a valuable resource for context-specific therapeutic targeting of G3 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Kameda-Smith
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.494618.6Vector Institute Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - En-Ching Luo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujin Suk
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Agata Xella
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Brian Yee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Chirayu Chokshi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sansi Xing
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Frederick Tan
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Raymond G. Fox
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ashley A. Adile
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Kevin Brown
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William D. Gwynne
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Minomi Subapanditha
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Daniel Picard
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ian Burns
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Donnelly Centre, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamil Paruch
- grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic ,grid.483343.bInternational Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital in Brno, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Fleming
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kristin Hope
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - John P. Provias
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Departments of Neuropathology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu Lu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Tannishtha Reya
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- grid.419890.d0000 0004 0626 690XComputational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675Present Address: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.468218.10000 0004 5913 3393Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster University, Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton, Canada
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2
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Bley N, Hmedat A, Müller S, Rolnik R, Rausch A, Lederer M, Hüttelmaier S. Musashi-1-A Stemness RBP for Cancer Therapy? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:407. [PMID: 34062997 PMCID: PMC8148009 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) promotes stemness during development and cancer. By controlling target mRNA turnover and translation, MSI1 is implicated in the regulation of cancer hallmarks such as cell cycle or Notch signaling. Thereby, the protein enhanced cancer growth and therapy resistance to standard regimes. Due to its specific expression pattern and diverse functions, MSI1 represents an interesting target for cancer therapy in the future. In this review we summarize previous findings on MSI1's implications in developmental processes of other organisms. We revisit MSI1's expression in a set of solid cancers, describe mechanistic details and implications in MSI1 associated cancer hallmark pathways and highlight current research in drug development identifying the first MSI1-directed inhibitors with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bley
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Simon Müller
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Robin Rolnik
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
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3
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A tumorsphere model of glioblastoma multiforme with intratumoral heterogeneity for quantitative analysis of cellular migration and drug response. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Mettang M, Meyer-Pannwitt V, Karpel-Massler G, Zhou S, Carragher NO, Föhr KJ, Baumann B, Nonnenmacher L, Enzenmüller S, Dahlhaus M, Siegelin MD, Stroh S, Mertens D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Schneider EM, Halatsch ME, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. Blocking distinct interactions between Glioblastoma cells and their tissue microenvironment: A novel multi-targeted therapeutic approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5527. [PMID: 29615749 PMCID: PMC5882900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the highly invasive nature of Glioblastoma (GB), complete surgical resection is not feasible, while motile tumour cells are often associated with several specific brain structures that enhance treatment-resistance. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of Disulfiram and Carbenoxolone, that inhibit two distinct interactions between GB and the brain tissue microenvironment: stress-induced cell-matrix adhesion and gap junction mediated cell-cell communication, respectively. Increase in cell numbers of tumour-initiating cells, which are cultured in suspension as cell clusters, and adherent differentiated cells can be blocked to a similar extent by Carbenoxolone, as both cell populations form gap junctions, but the adherent differentiated cells are much more sensitive to Disulfiram treatment, which - via modulation of NF-κB signalling - interferes with cell-substrate adhesion. Interestingly, inducing adhesion in tumour-initiating cells without differentiating them does not sensitize for Disulfiram. Importantly, combining Disulfiram, Carbenoxolone and the standard chemotherapeutic drug Temozolomide reduces tumour size in an orthotopic mouse model. Isolating GB cells from their direct environment within the brain represents an important addition to current therapeutic approaches. The blockage of cellular interactions via the clinically relevant substances Disulfiram and Carbenoxolone, has distinct effects on different cell populations within a tumour, potentially reducing motility and/or resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mettang
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Viola Meyer-Pannwitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Shaoxia Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center UK, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Josef Föhr
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie Enzenmüller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Dahlhaus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastien Stroh
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - E Marion Schneider
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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5
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Aaberg-Jessen C, Sørensen MD, Matos ALSA, Moreira JM, Brünner N, Knudsen A, Kristensen BW. Co-expression of TIMP-1 and its cell surface binding partner CD63 in glioblastomas. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29523123 PMCID: PMC5845145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) as a prognostic marker in glioblastomas. TIMP-1 has been associated with chemotherapy resistance, and CD63, a known TIMP-1-binding protein, has been suggested to be responsible for this effect. The aim of this study was to assess CD63 expression in astrocytomas focusing on the prognostic potential of CD63 alone and in combination with TIMP-1. Methods CD63 expression was investigated immunohistochemically in a cohort of 111 astrocytomas and correlated to tumor grade and overall survival by semi-quantitative scoring. CD63 expression in tumor-associated microglia/macrophages was examined by double-immunofluorescence with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). The association between CD63 and TIMP-1 was investigated using previously obtained TIMP-1 data from our astrocytoma cohort. Cellular co-expression of TIMP-1 and CD63 as well as TIMP-1 and the tumor stem cell-related markers CD133 and Sox2 was investigated with immunofluorescence. TIMP-1 and CD63 protein interaction was detected by an oligonucleotide-based proximity ligation assay and verified using co-immunoprecipitation. Results The expression of CD63 was widely distributed in astrocytomas with a significantly increased level in glioblastomas. CD63 levels did not significantly correlate with patient survival at a protein level, and CD63 did not augment the prognostic significance of TIMP-1. Up to 38% of the CD63+ cells expressed Iba1; however, Iba1 did not appear to impact the prognostic value of CD63. A significant correlation was found between TIMP-1 and CD63, and the TIMP-1 and CD63 proteins were co-expressed at the cellular level and located in close molecular proximity, suggesting that TIMP-1 and CD63 could be co-players in glioblastomas. Some TIMP-1+ cells expressed CD133 and Sox2. Conclusion The present study suggests that CD63 is highly expressed in glioblastomas and that TIMP-1 and CD63 interact. CD63 does not add to the prognostic value of TIMP-1. Co-expression of TIMP-1 and stem cell markers as well as the wide expression of CD63 might suggest a role for TIMP-1 and CD63 in glioblastoma stemness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4179-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 15, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mia D Sørensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 15, 5000, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Ana L S A Matos
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José M Moreira
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Brünner
- Cancer Research Group, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnon Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 15, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 15, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 19, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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6
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Leiss L, Mutlu E, Øyan A, Yan T, Tsinkalovsky O, Sleire L, Petersen K, Rahman MA, Johannessen M, Mitra SS, Jacobsen HK, Talasila KM, Miletic H, Jonassen I, Li X, Brons NH, Kalland KH, Wang J, Enger PØ. Tumour-associated glial host cells display a stem-like phenotype with a distinct gene expression profile and promote growth of GBM xenografts. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:108. [PMID: 28173797 PMCID: PMC5294893 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of glial host cells in brain tumours. However, supporting stromal cells have been shown to foster tumour growth in other cancers. METHODS We isolated stromal cells from patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) xenografts established in GFP-NOD/scid mice. With simultaneous removal of CD11b+ immune and CD31+ endothelial cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), we obtained a population of tumour-associated glial cells, TAGs, expressing markers of terminally differentiaed glial cell types or glial progenitors. This cell population was subsequently characterised using gene expression analyses and immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, sphere formation was assessed in vitro and their glioma growth-promoting ability was examined in vivo. Finally, the expression of TAG related markers was validated in human GBMs. RESULTS TAGs were highly enriched for the expression of glial cell proteins including GFAP and myelin basic protein (MBP), and immature markers such as Nestin and O4. A fraction of TAGs displayed sphere formation in stem cell medium. Moreover, TAGs promoted brain tumour growth in vivo when co-implanted with glioma cells, compared to implanting only glioma cells, or glioma cells and unconditioned glial cells from mice without tumours. Genome-wide microarray analysis of TAGs showed an expression profile distinct from glial cells from healthy mice brains. Notably, TAGs upregulated genes associated with immature cell types and self-renewal, including Pou3f2 and Sox2. In addition, TAGs from highly angiogenic tumours showed upregulation of angiogenic factors, including Vegf and Angiopoietin 2. Immunohistochemistry of three GBMs, two patient biopsies and one GBM xenograft, confirmed that the expression of these genes was mainly confined to TAGs in the tumour bed. Furthermore, their expression profiles displayed a significant overlap with gene clusters defining prognostic subclasses of human GBMs. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that glial host cells in brain tumours are functionally distinct from glial cells of healthy mice brains. Furthermore, TAGs display a gene expression profile with enrichment for genes related to stem cells, immature cell types and developmental processes. Future studies are needed to delineate the biological mechanisms regulating the brain tumour-host interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Leiss
- Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ercan Mutlu
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anne Øyan
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tao Yan
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg Tsinkalovsky
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Linda Sleire
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mohummad Aminur Rahman
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mireille Johannessen
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sidhartha S Mitra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hege K Jacobsen
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krishna M Talasila
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicolaas H Brons
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé (CRP-Santé), L-1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karl-Henning Kalland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jian Wang
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107# Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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7
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Targeting Netrin-1 in glioblastoma stem-like cells inhibits growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14949-14960. [PMID: 27651158 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor that still lacks effective therapy. Glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) were identified to contribute to aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes for GBM. Netrin-1, an axon guidance molecule, has been found in several tumors in adults. However, the role of Netrin-1 in GBM-SCs remains largely unknown. In this study, CD133-positive U251 GBM cells were used as a putative GBM-SC population to identify the functions of Netrin-1. Using lentiviral transduction, Netrin-1 miR RNAi vectors were transduced into CD133-positive U251 cells. We demonstrated that cell proliferation and survival were decreased following targeted deletion of Netrin-1. Cell invasion was dramatically diminished in Netrin-1 knockdown GBM-SCs. Moreover, Netrin-1 knockdown GBM-SCs exhibited less proangiogenic activity. In conclusion, Netrin-1 may represent a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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8
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Jensen SS, Meyer M, Petterson SA, Halle B, Rosager AM, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thomassen M, Burton M, Kruse TA, Kristensen BW. Establishment and Characterization of a Tumor Stem Cell-Based Glioblastoma Invasion Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159746. [PMID: 27454178 PMCID: PMC4959755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant brain tumor. Recurrence is inevitable and most likely connected to tumor invasion and presence of therapy resistant stem-like tumor cells. The aim was therefore to establish and characterize a three-dimensional in vivo-like in vitro model taking invasion and tumor stemness into account. Methods Glioblastoma stem cell-like containing spheroid (GSS) cultures derived from three different patients were established and characterized. The spheroids were implanted in vitro into rat brain slice cultures grown in stem cell medium and in vivo into brains of immuno-compromised mice. Invasion was followed in the slice cultures by confocal time-lapse microscopy. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared tumor cell invasion as well as expression of proliferation and stem cell markers between the models. Results We observed a pronounced invasion into brain slice cultures both by confocal time-lapse microscopy and immunohistochemistry. This invasion closely resembled the invasion in vivo. The Ki-67 proliferation indexes in spheroids implanted into brain slices were lower than in free-floating spheroids. The expression of stem cell markers varied between free-floating spheroids, spheroids implanted into brain slices and tumors in vivo. Conclusion The established invasion model kept in stem cell medium closely mimics tumor cell invasion into the brain in vivo preserving also to some extent the expression of stem cell markers. The model is feasible and robust and we suggest the model as an in vivo-like model with a great potential in glioma studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Skov Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stine Asferg Petterson
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Halle
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Mark Burton
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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9
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Netland IA, Førde HE, Sleire L, Leiss L, Rahman MA, Skeie BS, Miletic H, Enger PØ, Goplen D. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (NVP-BKM120) suppresses the growth of established patient-derived GBM xenografts and prolongs survival in nude rats. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:57-66. [PMID: 27283525 PMCID: PMC4972854 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive brain tumours with a dismal prognosis, despite combined surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. Close to 90 % of all GBMs harbour a deregulated PI3K pathway, which is essential in regulating central cellular functions such as proliferation, cell growth, motility and survival. Thus, PI3K represents a potential target for molecular therapy in GBM. We investigated the anti-tumour efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor buparlisib (NVP-BKM120) in GBM cell lines in vitro and in vivo, when treatment was initiated after MRI-confirmed tumour engraftment. We found that buparlisib inhibited glioma cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, demonstrated by MTS assay, manual cell count and BrdU incorporation. A dose dependent increase in apoptosis was observed through flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, by immunocytochemistry and western blot, we found a dose dependent inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, buparlisib prolonged survival of nude rats harboring human GBM xenografts in three independent studies and reduced the tumours’ volumetric increase, as determined by MRI. In addition, histological analyses of xenograft rat brains showed necrotic areas and change in tumour cell nuclei in buparlisib-treated animals. The rats receiving buparlisib maintained their weight, activity level and food- and water intake. In conclusion, buparlisib effectively inhibits glioma cell proliferation in vitro and growth of human GBM xenografts in nude rats. Moreover, the compound is well tolerated when administered at doses providing anti-tumour efficacy. Thus, buparlisib may have a future role in glioma therapy, and further studies are warranted to validate this compound for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Netland
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H E Førde
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Sleire
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Leiss
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M A Rahman
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B S Skeie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Ø Enger
- Oncomatrix Research Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D Goplen
- Department of Biomedicine, Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumour Research Center, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Mukherjee S, Tucker-Burden C, Zhang C, Moberg K, Read R, Hadjipanayis C, Brat DJ. Drosophila Brat and Human Ortholog TRIM3 Maintain Stem Cell Equilibrium and Suppress Brain Tumorigenesis by Attenuating Notch Nuclear Transport. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2443-52. [PMID: 26893479 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells exert enormous influence on neoplastic behavior, in part by governing asymmetric cell division and the balance between self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Growth is favored by deregulated stem cell division, which enhances the self-renewing population and diminishes the differentiation program. Mutation of a single gene in Drosophila, Brain Tumor (Brat), leads to disrupted asymmetric cell division resulting in dramatic neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts and massive larval brain overgrowth. To uncover the mechanisms relevant to deregulated cell division in human glioma stem cells, we first developed a novel adult Drosophila brain tumor model using brat-RNAi driven by the neuroblast-specific promoter inscuteable Suppressing Brat in this population led to the accumulation of actively proliferating neuroblasts and a lethal brain tumor phenotype. brat-RNAi caused upregulation of Notch signaling, a node critical for self-renewal, by increasing protein expression and enhancing nuclear transport of Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In human glioblastoma, we demonstrated that the human ortholog of Drosophila Brat, tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3), similarly suppressed NOTCH1 signaling and markedly attenuated the stem cell component. We also found that TRIM3 suppressed nuclear transport of active NOTCH1 (NICD) in glioblastoma and demonstrated that these effects are mediated by direct binding of TRIM3 to the Importin complex. Together, our results support a novel role for Brat/TRIM3 in maintaining stem cell equilibrium and suppressing tumor growth by regulating NICD nuclear transport. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2443-52. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhas Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carol Tucker-Burden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Changming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Renee Read
- Department of Pharmacology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Costas Hadjipanayis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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11
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Hou T, Zhang W, Tong C, Kazobinka G, Huang X, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Putative stem cell markers in cervical squamous cell carcinoma are correlated with poor clinical outcome. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:785. [PMID: 26499463 PMCID: PMC4619529 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to elucidate the value of putative cancer stem cell markers Musashi-1, ALDH1, Sox2, and CD49f in predicting the prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to examine Musashi-1, ALDH1, Sox2, and CD49f expression in archived specimens of CSCC patients with postoperative chemotherapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the prognostic impact of CSC markers for overall survival (OS) and recurrent-free survival (RFS). Results The Real-time PCR data showed that the expression of all markers were increased in CSCC tissues compared with in paired normal cervical tissues (P < 0.05). The IHC result showed that high expression of Msi1, ALDH1, Sox2, and CD49f was found in 25.7 %, 43.0 %, 62.0 % and 29.0 % CSCC samples, respectively. Moreover, high expression of Msi1 (P = 0.033 and P = 0.003, respectively), ALDH1 (P = 0.015 and P = 0.002, respectively), and Sox2 (P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively), and low expression of CD49f (P = 0.027 and P = 0.025, respectively) were correlated with poor OS and PFS in CSCC patients. Interestingly, tumors with Msi1high/CD49flow expression had the poorest prognosis according to Msi1/CD49f stratification. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, Sox2 expression (P = 0.047 and P = 0.018, respectively), ALDH1 expression (P = 0.013 and P = 0.003, respectively), and CD49f expression (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively) were independent prognostic markers for both OS and RFS. Conclusions Our results suggest that cancer stem cell markers are linked with poor prognosis of CSCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1826-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China. .,Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, 430022, China.
| | - Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China.
| | - Chongjie Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China.
| | - Gallina Kazobinka
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, HB, 430022, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China.
| | - Yongwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China.
| | - Yanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, GD, 510060, China.
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12
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Interrogation of gossypol therapy in glioblastoma implementing cell line and patient-derived tumour models. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2275-86. [PMID: 25375271 PMCID: PMC4264441 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), being a highly vascularised and locally invasive tumour, is an attractive target for anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive therapies. The GBM/endothelial cell response to gossypol/temozolomide (TMZ) treatment was investigated with a particular aim to assess treatment effects on cancer hallmarks. METHODS Cell viability, endothelial tube formation and GBM tumour cell invasion were variously assessed following combined treatment in vitro. The U87MG-luc2 subcutaneous xenograft model was used to investigate therapeutic response in vivo. Viable tumour response to treatment was interrogated using immunohistochemistry. Combined treatment protocols were also tested in primary GBM patient-derived cultures. RESULTS An endothelial/GBM cell viability inhibitory effect, as well as an anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive response, to combined treatment have been demonstrated in vitro. A significantly greater anti-proliferative (P=0.020, P=0.030), anti-angiogenic (P=0.040, P<0.0001) and pro-apoptotic (P=0.0083, P=0.0149) response was observed when combined treatment was compared with single gossypol/TMZ treatment response, respectively. GBM cell line and patient-specific response to gossypol/TMZ treatment was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that response to a combined gossypol/TMZ treatment is related to inhibition of tumour-associated angiogenesis, invasion and proliferation and warrants further investigation as a novel targeted GBM treatment strategy.
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13
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Brower JV, Clark PA, Lyon W, Kuo JS. MicroRNAs in cancer: glioblastoma and glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Neurochem Int 2014; 77:68-77. [PMID: 24937770 PMCID: PMC4390175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent an abundant class of endogenously expressed 18-25 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that function to silence gene expression through a process of post-transcriptional modification. They exhibit varied and widespread functions during normal development and tissue homeostasis, and accordingly their dysregulation plays major roles in many cancer types. Gliomas are cancers arising from the central nervous system. The most malignant and common glioma is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and even with aggressive treatment (surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation), average patient survival remains less than 2 years. In this review we will summarize the current findings regarding microRNAs in GBM and the biological and clinical implications of this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey V Brower
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Paul A Clark
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Will Lyon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John S Kuo
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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14
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Iacopino F, Angelucci C, Piacentini R, Biamonte F, Mangiola A, Maira G, Grassi C, Sica G. Isolation of cancer stem cells from three human glioblastoma cell lines: characterization of two selected clones. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105166. [PMID: 25121761 PMCID: PMC4133365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) were isolated via a non-adherent neurosphere assay from three glioma cell lines: LI, U87, and U373. Using a clonal assay, two clones (D2 and F11) were selected from spheres derived from LI cells and were characterized for the: expression of stem cell markers (CD133, Nestin, Musashi-1 and Sox2); proliferation; differentiation capability (determined by the expression of GalC, βIII-Tubulin and GFAP); Ca2+ signaling and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Both D2 and F11 clones expressed higher levels of all stem cell markers with respect to the parental cell line. Clones grew more slowly than LI cells with a two-fold increase in duplication time. Markers of differentiation (βIII-Tubulin and GFAP) were expressed at high levels in both LI cells and in neurospheres. The expression of Nestin, Sox2, and βIII-Tubulin was down-regulated in D2 and F11 when cultured in serum-containing medium, whereas Musashi-1 was increased. In this condition, duplication time of D2 and F11 increased without reaching that of LI cells. D2, F11 and parental cells did not express voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels but they exhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to ATP. These Ca2+ signals were larger in LI cells and in spheres cultured in serum-containing medium, while they were smaller in serum-free medium. The ATP treatment did not affect cell proliferation. Both D2 and F11 induced the appearance of tumors when ortotopically injected in athymic nude mice at a density 50-fold lower than that of LI cells. All these data indicate that both clones have characteristics of CSC and share the same stemness properties. The findings regarding the expression of differentiation markers and Ca2+-channels show that both clones are unable to reach the terminal differentiation. Both D2 and F11 might represent a good model to improve the knowledge on CSC in glioblastoma and to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunata Iacopino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristiana Angelucci
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Maira
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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15
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Bae IH, Lee WS, Yun DH, Han YH, Lee JS. 3-Hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone suppresses Bcl-w-induced invasive potentials and stemness in glioblastoma multiforme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:704-10. [PMID: 24946210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (HDMF) is a natural chemical product that is not currently regarded as a drug. In our study, we employed glioblastoma cells and cell biology and biochemistry approaches to investigate the potential of HDMF as a natural anticancer therapy option. FACS analysis showed that treatment concentration of HDMF does not exert cytotoxicity on U251 cells. Wound-healing and invasion assays showed that HDMF dose-dependently decreased the migratory and invasive potentials of these cells, likely by indirectly inhibiting MMP-3 activity as a result of the inhibition of p38 and ERK signaling proteins - an effect of HDMF also shown by Western blotting. HDMF inhibits Bcl-w-induced neurosphere formation and the expression of glioma stem cell markers, such as Musashi, Sox-2 and c-myc. These results indicate that HDMF suppresses migratory or invasive potentials and stemness and functions as a negative agent against the aggressiveness of glioblastoma cells. We propose that HDMF has potential as anticancer drug for inhibiting the aggressiveness of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Sang Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Yun
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Li Y, Tan BB, Zhao Q, Fan LQ, Liu Y, Wang D. Regulatory mechanism of ZNF139 in multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3603-10. [PMID: 24515389 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study found increased zinc finger protein 139 (ZNF139) expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells. Purpose of the study is to further clarify the role and mechanism of ZNF139 in multi-drug resistance (MDR) of GC cells. MTT assay, RT-PCR, Western blotting were employed to detect susceptibility of GC cells to chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, L-OHP) in vitro, and expressions of ZNF139 and MDR associated genes MDR1/P-gp, MRP1, Bcl-2, Bax were also detected. siRNA specific to ZNF139 was transfected into MKN28 cells, then chemosensitivity of GC cells as well as changes of ZNF139 and MDR associated genes were detected. It's found the inhibition rate of 5-FU, L-OHP to well-differentiated GC tissues and cell line was lower than that in the poorly differentiated tissues and cell line; expressions of ZNF139 and MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 in well-differentiated GC tissues and cell line MKN28 were higher, while Bax expression was lower. After ZNF139-siRNA was transfected into MKN28, ZNF139 expression in GC cells was inhibited by 90%; inhibition rate of 5-FU, L-OHP to tumor cells increased, and expressions of MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 were down-regulated, while Bax was up-regulated. ZNF139 was involved in GC MDR by promoting expressions of MDR1/P-gp, MRP1 and Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No.12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China,
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17
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Age-Dependent Association between Protein Expression of the Embryonic Stem Cell Marker Cripto-1 and Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:732-41. [PMID: 24466376 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the re-emergence of embryonic signaling pathways may reveal important information for cancer biology. Nodal is a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related morphogen that plays a critical role during embryonic development. Nodal signaling is regulated by the Cripto-1 co-receptor and another TGF-β member, Lefty. Although these molecules are poorly detected in differentiated tissues, they have been found in different human cancers. Poor prognosis of glioblastomas justifies the search for novel signaling pathways that can be exploited as potential therapeutic targets. Because our intracranial glioblastoma rat xenograft model has revealed importance of gene ontology categories related to development and differentiation, we hypothesized that increased activity of Nodal signaling could be found in glioblastomas. We examined the gene expressions of Nodal, Cripto-1, and Lefty in microarrays of invasive and angiogenic xenograft samples developed from four patients with glioblastoma. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 199 primary glioblastomas, and expression levels were analyzed for detection of correlations with available clinical information. Gene expression of Nodal, Lefty, and Cripto-1 was detected in the glioblastoma xenografts. Most patient samples showed significant levels of Cripto-1 detected by immunohistochemistry, whereas only weak to moderate levels were detected for Nodal and Lefty. Most importantly, the higher Cripto-1 scores were associated with shorter survival in a subset of younger patients. These findings suggest for the first time that Cripto-1, an important molecule in developmental biology, may represent a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in categories of younger patients with glioblastoma.
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18
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Goffart N, Kroonen J, Rogister B. Glioblastoma-initiating cells: relationship with neural stem cells and the micro-environment. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1049-71. [PMID: 24202333 PMCID: PMC3795378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV) is the most common and lethal subtype of primary brain tumor with a median overall survival of 15 months from the time of diagnosis. The presence in GBM of a cancer population displaying neural stem cell (NSC) properties as well as tumor-initiating abilities and resistance to current therapies suggests that these glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs) play a central role in tumor development and are closely related to NSCs. However, it is nowadays still unclear whether GICs derive from NSCs, neural progenitor cells or differentiated cells such as astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. On the other hand, NSCs are located in specific regions of the adult brain called neurogenic niches that have been shown to control critical stem cell properties, to nourish NSCs and to support their self-renewal. This “seed-and-soil” relationship has also been adapted to cancer stem cell research as GICs also require a specific micro-environment to maintain their “stem cell” properties. In this review, we will discuss the controversies surrounding the origin and the identification of GBM stem cells and highlight the micro-environment impact on their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goffart
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; E-Mail:
| | - Jérôme Kroonen
- Human Genetics, CHU and University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3556, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, GIGA-Neurosciences Research Center, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; E-Mail:
- Department of Neurology, CHU and University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
- GIGA-Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-5950; Fax: +32-4-366-5912
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Riganti C, Salaroglio IC, Caldera V, Campia I, Kopecka J, Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Bosia A, Ghigo D, Schiffer D. Temozolomide downregulates P-glycoprotein expression in glioblastoma stem cells by interfering with the Wnt3a/glycogen synthase-3 kinase/β-catenin pathway. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1502-17. [PMID: 23897632 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme stem cells display a highly chemoresistant phenotype, whose molecular basis is poorly known. We aim to clarify this issue and to investigate the effects of temozolomide on chemoresistant stem cells. METHODS A panel of human glioblastoma cultures, grown as stem cells (neurospheres) and adherent cells, was used. RESULTS Neurospheres had a multidrug resistant phenotype compared with adherent cells. Such chemoresistance was overcome by apparently noncytotoxic doses of temozolomide, which chemosensitized glioblastoma cells to doxorubicin, vinblastine, and etoposide. This effect was selective for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrates and for stem cells, leading to an investigation of whether there was a correlation between the expression of Pgp and the activity of typical stemness pathways. We found that Wnt3a and ABCB1, which encodes for Pgp, were both highly expressed in glioblastoma stem cells and reduced by temozolomide. Temozolomide-treated cells had increased methylation of the cytosine-phosphate-guanine islands in the Wnt3a gene promoter, decreased expression of Wnt3a, disrupted glycogen synthase-3 kinase/β-catenin axis, reduced transcriptional activation of ABCB1, and a lower amount and activity of Pgp. Wnt3a overexpression was sufficient to transform adherent cells into neurospheres and to simultaneously increase proliferation and ABCB1 expression. On the contrary, glioblastoma stem cells silenced for Wnt3a lost the ability to form neurospheres and reduced at the same time the proliferation rate and ABCB1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that Wnt3a is an autocrine mediator of stemness, proliferation, and chemoresistance in human glioblastoma and that temozolomide may chemosensitize the stem cell population by downregulating Wnt3a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Riganti
- Corresponding Author: Chiara Riganti, MD, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Petersen K, Rajcevic U, Abdul Rahim SA, Jonassen I, Kalland KH, Jimenez CR, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP. Gene set based integrated data analysis reveals phenotypic differences in a brain cancer model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68288. [PMID: 23874576 PMCID: PMC3706599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in the data analysis of biological high-throughput experiments is to handle the often low number of samples in the experiments compared to the number of biomolecules that are simultaneously measured. Combining experimental data using independent technologies to illuminate the same biological trends, as well as complementing each other in a larger perspective, is one natural way to overcome this challenge. In this work we investigated if integrating proteomics and transcriptomics data from a brain cancer animal model using gene set based analysis methodology, could enhance the biological interpretation of the data relative to more traditional analysis of the two datasets individually. The brain cancer model used is based on serial passaging of transplanted human brain tumor material (glioblastoma--GBM) through several generations in rats. These serial transplantations lead over time to genotypic and phenotypic changes in the tumors and represent a medically relevant model with a rare access to samples and where consequent analyses of individual datasets have revealed relatively few significant findings on their own. We found that the integrated analysis both performed better in terms of significance measure of its findings compared to individual analyses, as well as providing independent verification of the individual results. Thus a better context for overall biological interpretation of the data can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Petersen
- Computational Biology Unit, Uni Computing, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway.
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21
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Yuan S, Wang F, Chen G, Zhang H, Feng L, Wang L, Colman H, Keating MJ, Li X, Xu RH, Wang J, Huang P. Effective elimination of cancer stem cells by a novel drug combination strategy. Stem Cells 2013; 31:23-34. [PMID: 23132831 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer stem cells, which play a major role in drug resistance and disease recurrence, is critical to improve cancer treatment outcomes. Our study showed that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibited low mitochondrial respiration and high glycolytic activity. These GSCs were highly resistant to standard drugs such as carmustine and temozolomide (TMZ), but showed high sensitivity to a glycolytic inhibitor 3-bromo-2-oxopropionate-1-propyl ester (3-BrOP), especially under hypoxic conditions. We further showed that combination of 3-BrOP with carmustine but not with TMZ achieved a striking synergistic effect and effectively killed GSCs through a rapid depletion of cellular ATP and inhibition of carmustine-induced DNA repair. This drug combination significantly impaired the sphere-forming ability of GSCs in vitro and tumor formation in vivo, leading to increase in the overall survival of mice bearing orthotopic inoculation of GSCs. Further mechanistic study showed that 3-BrOP and carmustine inhibited glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and caused a severe energy crisis in GSCs. Our study suggests that GSCs are highly glycolytic and that certain drug combination strategies can be used to effectively overcome their drug resistance based on their metabolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Jarzabek MA, Huszthy PC, Skaftnesmo KO, McCormack E, Dicker P, Prehn JH, Bjerkvig R, Byrne AT. In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Validation of a Human Biopsy–Derived Orthotopic Mouse Model of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Jarzabek
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter C. Huszthy
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kai O. Skaftnesmo
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emmet McCormack
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Dicker
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H.M. Prehn
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- From the Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, and PHS Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NorLux Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; and University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen L, Chen XR, Chen FF, Liu Y, Li P, Zhang R, Yan K, Yi YJ, Xu ZM, Jiang XD. MicroRNA-107 inhibits U87 glioma stem cells growth and invasion. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:651-7. [PMID: 23572380 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be critical for resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and for tumor recurrence after surgery in glioma patients. Identification of new therapeutic strategies that can target GSCs may thus be critical for improving patient survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In this study, we confirmed that miR-107 was down-regulated in GSCs. To investigate the role of miR-107 in tumorigenesis of GSCs, a lentiviral vector over-expressing miR-107 in U87GSCs was constructed. We found that over-expression of miR-107 suppressed proliferation and down-regulated Notch2 protein and stem cell marker (CD133 and Nestin) expression in U87GSCs. Furthermore, enhanced miR-107 expression significantly inhibited U87GSC invasion and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression. miR-107 also suppressed U87GSCs xenograft growth in vivo. These findings suggest that miR-107 is involved in U87GSCs growth and invasion and may provide a potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Akiyama M, Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Naito Z, Kawana S. Inhibition of the stem cell marker nestin reduces tumor growth and invasion of malignant melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1384-7. [PMID: 23389394 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Shin GY, Shim JK, Lee JH, Shin HJ, Lee SJ, Huh YM, Kim EH, Park EK, Kim SH, Chang JH, Kim DS, Hong YK, Kim SH, Kang SG, Lang FF. Changes in the biological characteristics of glioma cancer stem cells after serial in vivo subtransplantation. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:55-64. [PMID: 23143001 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the interaction between the niche and glioma cancer stem cells (gCSCs) is gaining attention. However, there are few studies concerned with the effects of repeated exposure to a new microenvironment on gCSCs characteristics. In this study, serial in vivo subtransplantation was performed to create a new microenvironment. We evaluated and compared the biological characteristics of gCSCs after serial in vivo subtransplantation. METHODS We cultured gCSCs from human glioma specimens according to cultured gliomasphere methods. The isolated gCSCs were termed zero-generation gCSCs (G0-gCSCs). By subsequent serial subtransplantation, we obtained first-generation gCSCs (G1-gCSCs) and second-generation gCSCs (G2-gCSCs). We evaluated and compared the biological characteristics of G0-gCSCs, G1-gCSCs, and G2-gCSCs. The in vitro characteristics included the morphology, surface marker profiles, and neural differentiation capacity and the in vivo characteristics was the survival of mice xenografts. Additionally, brain sections were analyzed using PCNA, TUNEL, and CD31 staining. RESULTS We observed no significant differences in the in vitro characteristics of G0-gCSCs, G1-gCSCs, and G2-gCSCs. However, the survival time of mice glioma xenografts was significantly decreased upon serial subtransplantation. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses showed that the number of TUNEL(+) cells was significantly decreased while the number of CD31(+) cells was significantly increased with serial in vivo subtransplantation. CONCLUSIONS There were significant in vivo biological changes in gCSCs upon serial in vivo subtransplantation, which were shorter xenograft survival, increased angiogenesis, and decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that the repeated exposure to new microenvironments may affect the biological changes in gCSCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yeong Shin
- Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Johannessen TCA, Prestegarden L, Grudic A, Hegi ME, Tysnes BB, Bjerkvig R. The DNA repair protein ALKBH2 mediates temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2012; 15:269-78. [PMID: 23258843 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; World Health Organization astrocytoma grade IV) is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodal therapy, all such tumors practically recur during the course of therapy, causing a median survival of only 14.6 months in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The present study was aimed at examining the expression of the DNA repair protein AlkB homolog 2 (ALKBH2) in human GBM and determining whether it could promote resistance to temozolomide chemotherapy. METHODS ALKBH2 expression in GBM cell lines and in human GBM was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and gene expression analysis, respectively. Drug sensitivity was assessed in GBM cells overexpressing ALKBH2 and in cells in which ALKBH2 expression was silenced by small-interfering (si)RNA. ALKBH2 expression following activation of the p53 pathway was examined by western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS ALKBH2 was abundantly expressed in established GBM cell lines and human GBM, and temozolomide exposure increased cellular ALKBH2 expression levels. Overexpression of ALKBH2 in the U87 and U251 GBM cell lines enhanced resistance to the methylating agents temozolomide and methyl methanesulfonate but not to the nonmethylating agent doxorubicin. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ALKBH2 increased sensitivity of GBM cells to temozolomide and methyl methanesulfonate but not to doxorubicin or cisplatin. Nongenotoxic activation of the p53 pathway by the selective murine double minute 2 antagonist nutlin-3 caused a significant decrease in cellular ALKBH2 transcription levels. CONCLUSION Our findings identify ALKBH2 as a novel mediator of temozolomide resistance in human GBM cells. Furthermore, we place ALKBH2 into a new cellular context by showing its regulation by the p53 pathway.
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Johannessen TCA, Bjerkvig R. Molecular mechanisms of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12:635-42. [PMID: 22594898 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO astrocytoma grade IV) is considered incurable owing to its inherently profound resistance towards current standards of therapy. Considerable effort is being devoted to identifying the molecular basis of temozolomide resistance in GBMs and exploring novel therapeutic regimens that may improve overall survival. Several independent DNA repair mechanisms that normally safeguard genome integrity can facilitate drug resistance and cancer cell survival by removing chemotherapy-induced DNA adducts. Furthermore, subpopulations of cancer stem-like cells have been implicated in the treatment resistance of several malignancies including GBMs. Thus, a growing number of molecular mechanisms contributing to temozolomide resistance are being uncovered in preclinical studies and, consequently, we are being presented with a broad range of potentially novel targets for therapy. A substantial future challenge is to successfully exploit the increasing molecular knowledge contributing to temozolomide resistance in robust clinical trials and to ultimately improve overall survival for GBM patients.
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Hu B, Nandhu MS, Sim H, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Saldivar JC, Dolan CE, Mora ME, Nuovo GJ, Cole SE, Viapiano MS. Fibulin-3 promotes glioma growth and resistance through a novel paracrine regulation of Notch signaling. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3873-85. [PMID: 22665268 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly invasive and chemoresistant brain tumors with extremely poor prognosis. Targeting of the soluble factors that trigger invasion and resistance, therefore, could have a significant impact against the infiltrative glioma cells that are a major source of recurrence. Fibulin-3 is a matrix protein that is absent in normal brain but upregulated in gliomas and promotes tumor invasion by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that fibulin-3 is a novel soluble activator of Notch signaling that antagonizes DLL3, an autocrine inhibitor or Notch, and promotes tumor cell survival and invasion in a Notch-dependent manner. Using a strategy for inducible knockdown, we found that controlled downregulation of fibulin-3 reduced Notch signaling and led to increased apoptosis, reduced self-renewal of glioblastoma-initiating cells, and impaired growth and dispersion of intracranial tumors. In addition, fibulin-3 expression correlated with expression levels of Notch-dependent genes and was a marker of Notch activation in patient-derived glioma samples. These findings underscore a major role for the tumor extracellular matrix in regulating glioma invasion and resistance to apoptosis via activation of the key Notch pathway. More importantly, this work describes a noncanonical, soluble activator of Notch in a cancer model and shows how Notch signaling can be reduced by targeting tumor-specific accessible molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Antigenic and Genotypic Similarity between Primary Glioblastomas and Their Derived Neurospheres. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2011:314962. [PMID: 21869887 PMCID: PMC3159011 DOI: 10.1155/2011/314962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Formation of neurospheres (NS) in cultures of glioblastomas (GBMs), with self-renewal, clonogenic capacities, and tumorigenicity following transplantation into immunodeficient mice, may denounce the existence of brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) in vivo. In sixteen cell lines from resected primary glioblastomas, NS showed the same genetic alterations as primary tumors and the expression of stemness antigens. Adherent cells (AC), after adding 10% of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the culture, were genetically different from NS and prevailingly expressed differentiation antigens. NS developed from a highly malignant tumor phenotype with proliferation, circumscribed necrosis, and high vessel density. Beside originating from transformed neural stem cells (NSCs), BTSCs may be contained within or correspond to dedifferentiated cells after mutation accumulation, which reacquire the expression of stemness antigens.
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Tumor-initiating and -propagating cells: cells that we would like to identify and control. Neoplasia 2010; 12:506-15. [PMID: 20651980 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the cell types capable of initiating and sustaining growth of the neoplastic clone in vivo is a fundamental problem in cancer research. It is likely that tumor growth can be sustained both by rare cancer stem-like cells and selected aggressive clones and that the nature of the mutations, the cell of origin, and its environment will contribute to tumor propagation. Genomic instability, suggested as a driving force in tumorigenesis, may be induced by genetic and epigenetic changes. The feature of self-renewal in stem cells is shared with tumor cells, and deviant function of the stem cell regulatory networks may, in complex ways, contribute to malignant transformation and the establishment of a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Understanding the nature of the more quiescent cancer stem-like cells and their niches has the potential to develop novel cancer therapeutic protocols including pharmacological targeting of self-renewal pathways. Drugs that target cancer-related inflammation may have the potential to reeducate a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Because most epigenetic modifications may be reversible, DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors can be used to induce reexpression of genes that have been silenced epigenetically. Design of therapies that eliminate cancer stem-like cells without eliminating normal stem cells will be important. Further insight into the mechanisms by which pluripotency transcription factors (e.g., OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog), polycomb repressive complexes and microRNA balance selfrenewal and differentiation will be essential for our understanding of both embryonic differentiation and human carcinogenesis and for the development of new treatment strategies.
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31
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Invasive glioblastoma cells acquire stemness and increased Akt activation. Neoplasia 2010; 12:453-63. [PMID: 20563248 DOI: 10.1593/neo.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and most aggressive brain tumor in adults. The dismal prognosis is due to postsurgery recurrences arising from escaped invasive tumor cells. The signaling pathways activated in invasive cells are under investigation, and models are currently designed in search for therapeutic targets. We developed here an in vivo model of human invasive GBM in mouse brain from a GBM cell line with moderate tumorigenicity that allowed simultaneous primary tumor growth and dispersal of tumor cells in the brain parenchyma. This strategy allowed for the first time the isolation and characterization of matched sets of tumor mass (Core) and invasive (Inv) cells. Both cell populations, but more markedly Inv cells, acquired stem cell markers, neurosphere renewal ability, and resistance to rapamycin-induced apoptosis relative to parental cells. The comparative phenotypic analysis between Inv and Core cells showed significantly increased tumorigenicity in vivo and increased invasion with decreased proliferation in vitro for Inv cells. Examination of a large array of signaling pathways revealed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) down-modulation and Akt activation in Inv cells and an opposite profile in Core cells. Akt activation correlated with the increased tumorigenicity, stemness, and invasiveness, whereas Erk activation correlated with the proliferation of the cells. These results underscore complementary roles of the Erk and Akt pathways for GBM proliferation and dispersal and raise important implications for a concurrent inhibitory therapy.
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32
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Potential therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:654-65. [PMID: 20457135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. Despite recent therapeutic advances in other cancers, the treatment of glioblastomas remains ineffective and essentially palliative. The treatment failure is a result of a number of causes, but we and others have demonstrated that a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) display relative resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. GSCs also contribute to tumor growth through the stimulation of angiogenesis, which has been shown to be a useful therapeutic target in the treatment of recurrent or progressive malignant gliomas. Cancer stem cells also have been hypothesized as a contributor to systemic metastases. While glioblastomas rarely metastasize beyond the central nervous system, glioblastomas invade into brain structures to prevent surgical cure and GSCs have an extremely invasive phenotype. Collectively, these studies and others suggest that GSCs may be important therapeutic targets not only to achieve cure but even reduce tumor relapse and improve overall survival. Many recent studies suggest that GSCs share core regulatory pathways with normal embryonic and somatic stem cells, but display important distinctions that provide clues into useful treatment targets. The cancer stem cell hypothesis may also modify our approaches in tumor imaging and biomarker development, but clinical validation waits. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of GSC biology with a focus on potential anti-GSC therapies.
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Ong CW, Kim LG, Kong HH, Low LY, Iacopetta B, Soong R, Salto-Tellez M. CD133 expression predicts for non-response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:450-7. [PMID: 20081809 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell hypothesis may explain why conventional chemotherapies are unable to fully eradicate cancers. In this study, we examined both the prognostic and predictive significance of putative cancer stem cell markers in colorectal cancer. In this study, immunohistochemistry for three candidate cancer stem cell markers (CD133, Oct-4 and Sox-2) and for six other postulated prognostic markers (CK7, CK20, Cox-2, Ki-67, p27 and p53) were performed using tissue microarrays containing 501 primary colorectal cancer cases. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to determine cut-off scores for positive protein expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive expression for CD133 and Oct-4 was associated with significantly worse survival in patients treated by surgery alone (P=0.023 and P<0.001, respectively) and in patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (P=0.001 and P=0.021, respectively). Stage III patients with negative CD133 expression showed an apparent survival benefit from 5-fluorouracil treatment (P=0.002), but not those with positive CD133 expression. Positive expression of CD133 was also associated with poorer clinical response to chemotherapy in stage IV patients (P=0.006). In summary, the putative cancer stem cell markers CD133 and Oct-4 showed strong prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Our results show for the first time that CD133+ colorectal tumors are more resistant to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee W Ong
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System & Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Vangipuram SD, Wang ZJ, Lyman WD. Resistance of stem-like cells from neuroblastoma cell lines to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:361-8. [PMID: 19927294 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cell theory suggests that the presence of tumor initiating stem-like cells in cancers may be responsible for cancer progression and relapse. CD133 cell surface maker expression has been used to identify stem-like cells in cancer cell lines. Our goal was to identify such cells in neuroblastoma cell lines and to study the cytotoxicity of common anticancer drugs for those cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD133+ cells from SK-N-SH and SK-N-BE cell lines were isolated using magnetic microbeads. Cytotoxicity of four anticancer drugs was studied on CD133+ and CD133- populations. The percentage of live, apoptotic, and dead cells in each population after drug treatment was estimated by MTT and PI/Annexin-binding assays. Western blot analyses were used to identify differences in the expression of kinases. RESULTS Eight to 10% of SK-N-SH and 3-5% of SK-N-BE cells were CD133+. These cells were more resistant than CD133- cells to all four chemotherapeutic agents tested in the MTT assay. Decreased apoptosis was observed in CD133+ cells compared to CD133- cells by PI/Annexin V-binding assay. Western blot analysis showed that CD133+ cells expressed less MKP-1. Phosphorylated forms of both ERK and P-38 kinases were expressed at higher levels in CD133+ cells than in CD133- cells. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that CD133+ cells are more resistant to anticancer drugs than CD133- cells. Differences in the expression and phosphorylation of kinases could be partially responsible for this difference. Targeting CD133-expressing cells could be a strategy to develop more effective treatments for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada D Vangipuram
- The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Center of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit,MI 48201, USA.
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