1
|
Wang Y, Yu W, Luo L, Li M, Liu X, Guo R, Ma Y, Xu B, Wu G, Zhao C, Jing Z, Wei F, Cui J, Zhang J, Qu D. How do precipitation events modify the stable isotope ratios in leaf water at Lhasa on the southern Tibetan Plateau? ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:229-246. [PMID: 35503680 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2062343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serving as a medium between source water and cellulose, leaf water contributes to the isotope ratios (δ18O, δ2H) of plant organic matter, which can be used for paleoclimate reconstruction. This study is the first to examine the diurnal variations in the δ18O and δ2H of leaf water on the southern Tibetan Plateau. The δ18O and δ2H of leaf water were relatively low when precipitation events occurred. In particular, 18O and 2H of leaf water became extremely depleted 5 h after the precipitation event. Our findings demonstrate that precipitation can modify the isotope ratios of leaf water from external and internal causes. First, precipitation events affect meteorological elements, lead to decreases in leaf transpiration, and immediately weaken the isotope enrichment of leaf water ('rapid effect' of precipitation). Second, precipitation events affect the internal plant-soil water cycle process, causing the plant to preferentially use deeper soil water, and the corresponding isotope ratios of leaf water exhibit extremely low values 5 h after precipitation events ('delay effect' of precipitation). This study suggests that researchers need to be cautious in separating the signals of precipitation and hydrological processes when interpreting isotope records preserved in tree-ring cellulose archives from the Tibetan Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wusheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Zhao
- Land Science Research Center, School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Jing
- Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Feili Wei
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Cui
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mejia-Chang M, Reyes-Garcia C, Seibt U, Royles J, Meyer MT, Jones GD, Winter K, Arnedo M, Griffiths H. Leaf water δ 18O reflects water vapour exchange and uptake by C 3 and CAM epiphytic bromeliads in Panama. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:732-742. [PMID: 34099101 DOI: 10.1071/fp21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of CAM and C3 epiphytic bromeliads across an altitudinal gradient in western Panama were identified from carbon isotope (δ13C) signals, and epiphyte water balance was investigated via oxygen isotopes (δ18O) across wet and dry seasons. There were significant seasonal differences in leaf water (δ18Olw), precipitation, stored 'tank' water and water vapour. Values of δ18Olw were evaporatively enriched at low altitude in the dry season for the C3 epiphytes, associated with low relative humidity (RH) during the day. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) δ18Olw values were relatively depleted, consistent with water vapour uptake during gas exchange under high RH at night. At high altitude, cloudforest locations, C3 δ18Olw also reflected water vapour uptake by day. A mesocosm experiment with Tillandsia fasciculata (CAM) and Werauhia sanguinolenta (C3) was combined with simulations using a non-steady-state oxygen isotope leaf water model. For both C3 and CAM bromeliads, δ18Olw became progressively depleted under saturating water vapour by day and night, although evaporative enrichment was restored in the C3 W. sanguinolenta under low humidity by day. Source water in the overlapping leaf base 'tank' was also modified by evaporative δ18O exchanges. The results demonstrate how stable isotopes in leaf water provide insights for atmospheric water vapour exchanges for both C3 and CAM systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mejia-Chang
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Casandra Reyes-Garcia
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Num. 130 Churburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, 97200, México
| | - Ulli Seibt
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Royles
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Moritz T Meyer
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Glyn D Jones
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Fac. Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lehmann MM, Goldsmith GR, Mirande-Ney C, Weigt RB, Schönbeck L, Kahmen A, Gessler A, Siegwolf RTW, Saurer M. The 18 O-signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:510-523. [PMID: 31732962 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 18 O signature of atmospheric water vapour (δ18 OV ) is known to be transferred via leaf water to assimilates. It remains, however, unclear how the 18 O-signal transfer differs among plant species and growth forms. We performed a 9-hr greenhouse fog experiment (relative humidity ≥ 98%) with 18 O-depleted water vapour (-106.7‰) on 140 plant species of eight different growth forms during daytime. We quantified the 18 O-signal transfer by calculating the mean residence time of O in leaf water (MRTLW ) and sugars (MRTSugars ) and related it to leaf traits and physiological drivers. MRTLW increased with leaf succulence and thickness, varying between 1.4 and 10.8 hr. MRTSugars was shorter in C3 and C4 plants than in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants and highly variable among species and growth forms; MRTSugars was shortest for grasses and aquatic plants, intermediate for broadleaf trees, shrubs, and herbs, and longest for conifers, epiphytes, and succulents. Sucrose was more sensitive to δ18 OV variations than other assimilates. Our comprehensive study shows that plant species and growth forms vary strongly in their sensitivity to δ18 OV variations, which is important for the interpretation of δ18 O values in plant organic material and compounds and thus for the reconstruction of climatic conditions and plant functional responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866
| | | | - Rosemarie B Weigt
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen G, Sun LZ, Auerswald K. Effects of Wilting and Dew on the Water Isotope Composition of Detached Grass in Temperate Grassland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9460-9467. [PMID: 31381328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the water isotopes in feed products derived from grass is fundamental for tracing domestic animal products. Grass silage water was reported to have fewer heavy isotopes than fresh grass, but it is still unknown whether dew formation (either dewfall or dewrise), exchange with soil water, or other processes override the expected enrichment of heavy isotopes due to wilting. The isotopic variations of water (δ2H, δ18O) in fresh grass and cut grass during wilting on soil and on plastic were compared in this study. Drying enriched heavier isotopes, but this was overridden by three processes that finally caused low δ2H and δ18O values: (i) the adsorption of humidity from the surroundings, (ii) the exchange with humidity, and (iii) the depletion of heavy water isotopes close to organic surfaces, called the surface effect, which was the most dominant effect at the end of drying when the water content became low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- College of Earth Science , Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , Sichuan , People's Republic of China
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre , Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12 , Freising-Weihenstephan 85354 , Germany
| | - Luan Zi Sun
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre , Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12 , Freising-Weihenstephan 85354 , Germany
- College of Grassland Agriculture , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre , Technische Universität München , Alte Akademie 12 , Freising-Weihenstephan 85354 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Wright JS, Cui X, Sternberg L, Gan W, Lin G. Leaf anatomical traits determine the 18 O enrichment of leaf water in coastal halophytes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2744-2757. [PMID: 29996176 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical adaptations to high-salinity environments in mangrove leaves may be recorded in leaf water isotopes. Recent studies observed lower 18 O enrichment (ΔL ) of leaf water with respect to source water in three mangrove species relative to adjacent freshwater trees, but the factors that govern this phenomenon remain unclear. To resolve this issue, we investigated leaf traits and ΔL in 15 species of true mangrove plants, 14 species of adjacent freshwater trees, and 4 species of semi-mangrove plants at five study sites along south-eastern coast of China. Our results confirm that ΔL was generally 3-4‰ lower for mangrove species than for adjacent freshwater or semi-mangrove species. We hypothesized that higher leaf water content (LWC) and lower leaf stomatal density (LS) both played important roles in reducing ΔL in mangroves relative to nearby freshwater plants. Both differences acted to elongate effective leaf mixing length (L) in mangroves by about 200% and lower stomatal conductance by about 30%. Péclet models based on both LWC and LS could accurately predict ΔL . Our findings highlight the potential species-specific anatomical determinants of ΔL (or L), which has important implications for the interpretation of environmental information from metabolites produced by leaf water isotopes in palaeoclimate research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jonathan S Wright
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leonel Sternberg
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Weixiu Gan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China
- Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen G, Schnyder H, Auerswald K. Model explanation of the seasonal variation of δ 18O in cow (Bos taurus) hair under temperate conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:320. [PMID: 28337022 PMCID: PMC5428254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in animal and human tissues are expected to be good recorders of geographical origin and migration histories. However, seasonal variation of δ18O may diminish the origin information in the tissues. Here the seasonality of δ18O in tail hair was investigated in a domestic suckler cow (Bos taurus) that underwent different ambient conditions, physiological states, keeping and feeding during five years. A detailed mechanistic model was built to explain this variation. The measured δ18O in hair significantly related (p < 0.05) to the δ18O in meteoric water in a regression analysis. Modelling suggested that this relation was only partly derived from the direct influence of feed moisture. Ambient conditions (temperature, moisture) also affected the animal itself (drinking water demand, transcutaneous vapor etc.). The clear temporal variation thus resulted from complex interactions with multiple influences. The twofold influence of ambient conditions via the feed and via the animal itself is advantageous for tracing the geographic origin because δ18O is then less influenced by variations in moisture uptake; however, it is unfavorable for indicating the production system, e.g. to distinguish between milk produced from fresh grass or from silage. The model is versatile but needs testing under a wider range of conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany
| | - Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85354, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krause GH, Winter K, Krause B, Virgo A. Protection by light against heat stress in leaves of tropical crassulacean acid metabolism plants containing high acid levels. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:1061-1069. [PMID: 32480526 DOI: 10.1071/fp16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance of plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was determined by exposing leaf sections to a range of temperatures both in the dark and the light, followed by measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm and F0) and assessing visible tissue damage. Three CAM species, Clusia rosea Jacq., Clusia pratensis Seem. and Agave angustifolia Haw., were studied. In acidified tissues sampled at the end of the night and exposed to elevated temperatures in the dark, the temperature that caused a 50% decline of Fv/Fm (T50), was remarkably low (40-43°C in leaves of C. rosea). Conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin indicated irreversible tissue damage caused by malic acid released from the vacuoles. By contrast, when acidified leaves were illuminated during heat treatments, T50 was up to 50-51°C. In de-acidified samples taken at the end of the light period, T50 reached ∼54°C, irrespective of whether temperature treatments were done in the dark or light. Acclimation of A. angustifolia to elevated daytime temperatures resulted in a rise of T50 from ∼54° to ∼57°C. In the field, high tissue temperatures always occur during sun exposure. Measurements of the heat tolerance of CAM plants that use heat treatments of acidified tissue in the dark do not provide relevant information on heat tolerance in an ecological context. However, in the physiological context, such studies may provide important clues on vacuolar properties during the CAM cycle (i.e. on the temperature relationships of malic acid storage and malic acid release).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Heinrich Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Barbara Krause
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Aurelio Virgo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Munksgaard NC, Cheesman AW, English NB, Zwart C, Kahmen A, Cernusak LA. Identifying drivers of leaf water and cellulose stable isotope enrichment in Eucalyptus in northern Australia. Oecologia 2016; 183:31-43. [PMID: 27798741 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated the use of the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in plant materials as indicators of palaeoclimate. However, accurate interpretation relies on a detailed understanding of both physiological and environmental drivers of the variations in isotopic enrichments that occur in leaf water and associated organic compounds. To progress this aim we measured δ18O and δ2H values in eucalypt leaf and stem water and δ18O values in leaf cellulose, along with the isotopic compositions of water vapour, across a north-eastern Australian aridity gradient. Here we compare observed leaf water enrichment, along with previously published enrichment data from a similar north Australian transect, to Craig-Gordon-modelled predictions of leaf water isotopic enrichment. Our investigation of model parameters shows that observed 18O enrichment across the aridity gradients is dominated by the relationship between atmospheric and internal leaf water vapour pressure while 2H enrichment is driven mainly by variation in the water vapour-source water isotopic disequilibrium. During exceptionally dry and hot conditions (RH < 21%, T > 37 °C) we observed strong deviations from Craig-Gordon predicted isotope enrichments caused by partial stomatal closure. The atmospheric-leaf vapour pressure relationship is also a strong predictor of the observed leaf cellulose δ18O values across one aridity gradient. Our finding supports a wider applicability of leaf cellulose δ18O composition as a climate proxy for atmospheric humidity conditions during the leaf growing season than previously documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia. .,Earth Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
| | - A W Cheesman
- Terrestrial Ecology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - N B English
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - C Zwart
- Earth Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - A Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L A Cernusak
- Terrestrial Ecology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cernusak LA, Barbour MM, Arndt SK, Cheesman AW, English NB, Feild TS, Helliker BR, Holloway-Phillips MM, Holtum JAM, Kahmen A, McInerney FA, Munksgaard NC, Simonin KA, Song X, Stuart-Williams H, West JB, Farquhar GD. Stable isotopes in leaf water of terrestrial plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1087-102. [PMID: 26715126 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf water contains naturally occurring stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in abundances that vary spatially and temporally. When sufficiently understood, these can be harnessed for a wide range of applications. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of stable isotope enrichment of leaf water, and its relevance for isotopic signals incorporated into plant organic matter and atmospheric gases. Models describing evaporative enrichment of leaf water have become increasingly complex over time, reflecting enhanced spatial and temporal resolution. We recommend that practitioners choose a model with a level of complexity suited to their application, and provide guidance. At the same time, there exists some lingering uncertainty about the biophysical processes relevant to patterns of isotopic enrichment in leaf water. An important goal for future research is to link observed variations in isotopic composition to specific anatomical and physiological features of leaves that reflect differences in hydraulic design. New measurement techniques are developing rapidly, enabling determinations of both transpired and leaf water δ(18) O and δ(2) H to be made more easily and at higher temporal resolution than previously possible. We expect these technological advances to spur new developments in our understanding of patterns of stable isotope fractionation in leaf water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Australia
| | - Alexander W Cheesman
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Nathan B English
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Taylor S Feild
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Brent R Helliker
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Joseph A M Holtum
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Niels C Munksgaard
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Kevin A Simonin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xin Song
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | | | - Jason B West
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song X, Simonin KA, Loucos KE, Barbour MM. Modelling non-steady-state isotope enrichment of leaf water in a gas-exchange cuvette environment. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2618-2628. [PMID: 25993893 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of a gas-exchange system and laser-based isotope measurement is a tool of growing interest in plant ecophysiological studies, owing to its relevance for assessing isotopic variability in leaf water and/or transpiration under non-steady-state (NSS) conditions. However, the current Farquhar & Cernusak (F&C) NSS leaf water model, originally developed for open-field scenarios, is unsuited for use in a gas-exchange cuvette environment where isotope composition of water vapour (δv ) is intrinsically linked to that of transpiration (δE ). Here, we modified the F&C model to make it directly compatible with the δv -δE dynamic characteristic of a typical cuvette setting. The resultant new model suggests a role of 'net-flux' (rather than 'gross-flux' as suggested by the original F&C model)-based leaf water turnover rate in controlling the time constant (τ) for the approach to steady sate. The validity of the new model was subsequently confirmed in a cuvette experiment involving cotton leaves, for which we demonstrated close agreement between τ values predicted from the model and those measured from NSS variations in isotope enrichment of transpiration. Hence, we recommend that our new model be incorporated into future isotope studies involving a cuvette condition where the transpiration flux directly influences δv . There is an increasing popularity among plant ecophysiologists to use a gas-exchange system coupled to laser-based isotope measurement for investigating non-steady state (NSS) isotopic variability in leaf water (and/or transpiration); however, the current Farquhar & Cernusak (F&C) NSS leaf water model is unsuited for use in a gas-exchange cuvette environment due to its implicit assumption of isotope composition of water vapor (δv ) being constant and independent of that of transpiration (δE ). In the present study, we modified the F&C model to make it compatible with the dynamic relationship between δv and δE as is typically associated with a cuvette setting. Using an experiment conducted on cotton leaves, we show that the modified NSS model performed well in predicting the time constant for the exponential approach of leaf water toward steady state under cuvette conditions. Such a result demonstrates the applicability of this new model to gas-exchange cuvette conditions where the transpiration flux directly influences δv , and therefore suggests the need to incorporate this model into future isotope studies that employ a laser-cuvette coupled system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Private Bag 4110, Narellan, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| | - Kevin A Simonin
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Private Bag 4110, Narellan, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| | - Karen E Loucos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Private Bag 4110, Narellan, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Private Bag 4110, Narellan, New South Wales, 2567, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cernusak LA, Kahmen A. The multifaceted relationship between leaf water (18)O enrichment and transpiration rate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1239-1241. [PMID: 23421713 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reyes-García C, Mejia-Chang M, Griffiths H. High but not dry: diverse epiphytic bromeliad adaptations to exposure within a seasonally dry tropical forest community. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:745-754. [PMID: 22066982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
• Vascular epiphytes have developed distinct lifeforms to maximize water uptake and storage, particularly when delivered as pulses of precipitation, dewfall or fog. The seasonally dry forest of Chamela, Mexico, has a community of epiphytic bromeliads with Crassulacean acid metabolism showing diverse morphologies and stratification within the canopy. We hypothesize that niche differentiation may be related to the capacity to use fog and dew effectively to perform photosynthesis and to maintain water status. • Four Tillandsia species with either 'tank' or 'atmospheric' lifeforms were studied using seasonal field data and glasshouse experimentation, and compared on the basis of water use, leaf water δ(18) O, photosynthetic and morphological traits. • The atmospheric species, Tillandsia eistetteri, with narrow leaves and the lowest succulence, was restricted to the upper canopy, but displayed the widest range of physiological responses to pulses of precipitation and fog, and was a fog-catching 'nebulophyte'. The other atmospheric species, Tillandsia intermedia, was highly succulent, restricted to the lower canopy and with a narrower range of physiological responses. Both upper canopy tank species relied on tank water and stomatal closure to avoid desiccation. • Niche differentiation was related to capacity for water storage, dependence on fog or dewfall and physiological plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Reyes-García
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán S.A., Calle 43, Num. 130 Chuburná de Hidalgo 97200, Mérida, México
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - M Mejia-Chang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF-CEAB-CSIC), Campus de Bellaterra Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - H Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cernusak LA, Winter K, Turner BL. Physiological and isotopic (delta(13)C and delta(18)O) responses of three tropical tree species to water and nutrient availability. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1441-55. [PMID: 19558409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Water-use efficiency and stable isotope composition were studied in three tropical tree species. Seedlings of Tectona grandis, Swietenia macrophylla and Platymiscium pinnatum were grown at either high or low water supply, and with or without added fertilizer. These three species previously exhibited low, intermediate and high whole-plant water-use efficiency (TE) when grown at high water supply in unfertilized soil. Responses of TE to water and nutrient availability varied among species. The TE was calculated as experiment-long dry matter production divided by cumulative water use. Species-specific offsets were observed in relationships between TE and whole-plant (13)C discrimination (Delta(13)C(p)). These offsets could be attributed to a breakdown in the relationship between Delta(13)C(p) and the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO(2) partial pressures (c(i)/c(a)) in P. pinnatum, and to variation among species in the leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (v). Thus, a plot of v.TE against c(i)/c(a) showed a general relationship among species. Relationships between delta(18)O of stem dry matter and stomatal conductance ranged from strongly negative for S. macrophylla to no relationship for T. grandis. Results suggest inter-specific variation among tropical tree species in relationships between stable isotope ratios (delta(13)C and delta(18)O) and the gas exchange processes thought to affect them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Cernusak
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Winter K, Garcia M, Holtum JAM. Canopy CO2 exchange of two neotropical tree species exhibiting constitutive and facultative CAM photosynthesis, Clusia rosea and Clusia cylindrica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3167-77. [PMID: 19487388 PMCID: PMC2718218 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photon flux density (PFD) and water availability, the daily and seasonal factors that vary most in tropical environments, were examined to see how they influenced expression of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in 3-year-old Clusia shrubs native to Panama. Instead of the commonly used single-leaf approach, diel CO(2) exchange was measured for whole individual canopies of plants in large soil containers inside a naturally illuminated 8.8 m(3) chamber. In well-watered C. rosea, a mainly constitutive CAM species, nocturnally fixed CO(2) contributed about 50% to 24 h carbon gain on sunny days but the contribution decreased to zero following overcast days. Nonetheless, CO(2) fixation in the light responded in such a way that 24 h carbon gain was largely conserved across the range of daily PFDs. The response of C. rosea to drought was similarly buffered. A facultative component of CAM expression led to reversible increases in nocturnal carbon gain that offset drought-induced reductions of CO(2) fixation in the light. Clusia cylindrica was a C(3) plant when well-watered but exhibited CAM when subjected to water stress. The induction of CAM was fully reversible upon rewatering. C. cylindrica joins C. pratensis as the most unambiguous facultative CAM species reported in the genus Clusia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|