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Xue Z, Wang J, Yu W, Li D, Zhang Y, Wan F, Kou X. Biochanin A protects against PM 2.5-induced acute pulmonary cell injury by interacting with the target protein MEK5. Food Funct 2019; 10:7188-7203. [PMID: 31608342 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01382b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with an increased risk for cardiopulmonary diseases. The MEK5/ERK5 and NF-κB signaling pathways are closely related to the regulation of acute pulmonary cell injury (APCI) and may play an important role in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Related studies have shown that Biochanin A (BCA) effectively interferes with APCI, but the underlying mechanism through which this occurs is not fully understood. Previously, based on proteomic and bioinformatic research, we found the indispensable role of MEK5 in mediating remission effects of BCA against PM2.5-induced lung toxicity. Therefore, using A549 adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells), we combined western blot and qRT-PCR to study the protective signaling pathways induced by BCA, indicating that MEK5/ERK5 and NF-κB are both involved in mediating APCI in response to PM2.5, and MEK5/ERK5 positively activated NF-κB and its downstream cellular regulatory factors. BCA significantly suppressed PM2.5-induced upregulation of MEK5/ERK5 expression and phosphorylation and activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, due to the specificity of the MEK5/ERK5 protein structure, the binding sites and binding patterns of BCA and MEK5 were analyzed using molecular docking correlation techniques, which showed that there are stable hydrogen bonds between BCA and the PB1 domain of MEK5 as well as its kinase domain. BCA forms a stable complex with MEK5, which has potential effects on MEKK2/3-MEK5-ERK5 ternary interactions, p62/αPKC-mediated NF-κB regulation, and inhibition of MEK5 target protein phosphorylation. Therefore, our study suggests that MEK5 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling of APCI in response to PM2.5 exposure. BCA may exert anti-APCI activity by targeting MEK5 to inhibit activation of the MEK5/ERK5/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wancong Yu
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Science, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yixia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China.
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Mitochondrial Complex I activity signals antioxidant response through ERK5. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7420. [PMID: 29743487 PMCID: PMC5943249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generates ROS as a byproduct of mitochondrial complex I activity. ROS-detoxifying enzymes are made available through the activation of their antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their gene promoters. NRF2 binds to AREs and induces this anti-oxidant response. We show that cells from multiple origins performing OXPHOS induced NRF2 expression and its transcriptional activity. The NRF2 promoter contains MEF2 binding sites and the MAPK ERK5 induced MEF2-dependent NRF2 expression. Blocking OXPHOS in a mouse model decreased Erk5 and Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, fibroblasts derived from patients with mitochondrial disorders also showed low expression of ERK5 and NRF2 mRNAs. Notably, in cells lacking functional mitochondrial complex I activity OXPHOS did not induce ERK5 expression and failed to generate this anti-oxidant response. Complex I activity induces ERK5 expression through fumarate accumulation. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a genetic program to prevent oxidative stress directly linked to OXPHOS and not requiring ROS.
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Rovira-Clavé X, Angulo-Ibáñez M, Tournier C, Reina M, Espel E. Dual role of ERK5 in the regulation of T cell receptor expression at the T cell surface. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:143-52. [PMID: 26302753 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0115-034r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the levels of the TCR/CD3 complex at the cell surface is critical to proper T cell development and mature T cell activation. We provide evidence that the MAPK ERK5 regulates the surface expression of the TCR/CD3 complex by controlling the degradation of the CD3ζ chain and the recovery of the complex after anti-CD3ε stimulation. ERK5 knockdown led to TCR/CD3 up-regulation at the cell surface and increased amounts of the CD3ζ chain. Inhibition of the MEK5-dependent phosphorylation status of the kinase domain of ERK5 in human T CD4(+) cells reduced CD3ζ ubiquitination and degradation, limiting TCR/CD3 down-regulation in anti-CD3-stimulated cells. Moreover, TCR/CD3 recovery at the cell surface, after anti-CD3ε treatment, is impaired by ERK5 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of autophosphorylation in the ERK5 C-terminal region. ERK5 loss in thymocytes augmented cellular CD3ζ and increased cell surface levels of TCR/CD3 on CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. This correlated with enhanced generation of CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+) thymocytes. Our findings define ERK5 as a novel kinase that modulates the levels of TCR/CD3 at the cell surface by promoting CD3ζ degradation and TCR/CD3 recovery after TCR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rovira-Clavé
- *Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Angulo-Ibáñez
- *Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Tournier
- *Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Reina
- *Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Enric Espel
- *Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Villalba M, Lopez-Royuela N, Krzywinska E, Rathore MG, Hipskind RA, Haouas H, Allende-Vega N. Chemical metabolic inhibitors for the treatment of blood-borne cancers. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:223-32. [PMID: 24237221 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells, including leukemic cells, remodel their bioenergetic system in favor of aerobic glycolysis. This process is called "the Warburg effect" and offers an attractive pharmacological target to preferentially eliminate malignant cells. In addition, recent results show that metabolic changes can be linked to tumor immune evasion. Mouse models demonstrate the importance of this metabolic remodeling in leukemogenesis. Some leukemias, although treatable, remain incurable and resistance to chemotherapy produces an elevated percentage of relapse in most leukemia cases. Several groups have targeted the specific metabolism of leukemia cells in preclinical and clinical studies to improve the prognosis of these patients, i.e. using L-asparaginase to treat pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Additional metabolic drugs that are currently being used to treat other diseases or tumors could also be exploited for leukemia, based on preclinical studies. Finally, we discuss the potential use of several metabolic drugs in combination therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) or immune cell-based therapies, to increase their efficacy and reduce side effects in the treatment of hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1040, Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, 80, avenue Augustin Fliche. 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Lopez-Royuela N, Rathore MG, Allende-Vega N, Annicotte JS, Fajas L, Ramachandran B, Gulick T, Villalba M. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5 modulates the antioxidant response by transcriptionally controlling Sirtuin 1 expression in leukemic cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:253-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Suzuki T, Yang J. Hydrogen peroxide activation of ERK5 confers resistance to Jurkat cells against apoptosis induced by the extrinsic pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:248-53. [PMID: 24462874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) exhibit both pro-survival and pro-death signaling in leukemic cells. We examined the effect of exogenous H₂O₂ on Fas ligand (FasL) -induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. H₂O₂ applied prior to (pre-conditioning) and during (post-conditioning) FasL stimulation attenuated early apoptosis through activation of EKR5. H₂O₂ increased the activated caspase-8 sequestered in the mitochondria thereby decreasing cell death through the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, inhibition of a protein tyrosine phosphatase likely explains the post-conditioning requirement for H₂O₂. Given that chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are thought to work partly through production of ROS, a simultaneous inhibition of the ERK5 pathway may abrogate the ROS-initiated pro-survival signaling for an enhanced cell kill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
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Murugaiyan J, Rockstroh M, Wagner J, Baumann S, Schorsch K, Trump S, Lehmann I, Bergen MV, Tomm JM. Benzo[a]pyrene affects Jurkat T cells in the activated state via the antioxidant response element dependent Nrf2 pathway leading to decreased IL-2 secretion and redirecting glutamine metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ahn G, Bing SJ, Kang SM, Lee WW, Lee SH, Matsuda H, Tanaka A, Cho IH, Jeon YJ, Jee Y. The JNk/NFkappaB pathway is required to activate murine lymphocytes induced by a sulfated polysaccharide from Ecklonia cava. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1830:2820-9. [PMID: 23262141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proven immunomodulatory and immune system activating properties of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) have been attributed to its plentiful polysaccharide content. Therefore, we investigated whether the sulfated polysaccharide (SP) of E. cava specifically activates the protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) to incite immune responses. METHODS To assess immune responsiveness, lymphocytes were isolated from spleens of ICR mice and cultured with SP and its inhibitors. Assays included 3H-thymidine incorporation, flow cytometry, real time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), intracellular cytokine assay. Western blot, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS SP dose-dependently increased the proliferation of lymphocytes without cytotoxicity. In particular, SP markedly enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of CD3+ mature T cells and CD45R/B220+ pan B cells. Additionally, SP increased the expression and/or production of IL-2, IgG(1a), and IgG(2b) compared to that in untreated cells. The subsequent application of JNK (SP600125), NFkappaB (PDTC), and serine protease (TPCK) inhibitors significantly inhibited the proliferation and IL-2 production of SP-treated lymphocytes as well as the phosphorylation of JNK and IkappaB, the activation of nuclear NFkappaB p65, and binding of NFkappaB p65 DNA. Moreover, co-application of both JNK and NFkappaB inhibitors completely blocked the proliferation of lymphocytes even in the presence of SP. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SP induced T and B cell responses via both JNK and NFkappaB pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The effect of SP on splenic lymphocyte activation was assayed here for the first time and indicated the underlying functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginnae Ahn
- Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Charni S, de Bettignies G, Rathore MG, Aguiló JI, van den Elsen PJ, Haouzi D, Hipskind RA, Enriquez JA, Sanchez-Beato M, Pardo J, Anel A, Villalba M. Oxidative Phosphorylation Induces De Novo Expression of the MHC Class I in Tumor Cells through the ERK5 Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3498-503. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Govarts C, Somers K, Hupperts R, Stinissen P, Somers V. Analysis of antibody reactivity in paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum of a relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patient. Autoimmunity 2010; 42:699-704. [PMID: 19835487 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903176513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates an involvement of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about antigenic targets recognized by antibodies present in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients. This study was therefore aimed at identifying the antigen reactivity of antibodies present in CSF and compares the identified antibody profile with that of the serum of the same patient using cDNA phage display. Selection rounds on paired CSF and serum of this patient identified 13 antigenic targets of which 5 were enriched by serum antibodies and 2 were identified by CSF antibodies. Interestingly, the six remaining antigenic targets were shown to be recognized by both CSF and serum antibodies. These findings point towards both common as well as distinct antibody profiles in CSF and serum of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Govarts
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Andrographolide reduces IL-2 production in T-cells by interfering with NFAT and MAPK activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 602:413-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ananieva O, Macdonald A, Wang X, McCoy CE, McIlrath J, Tournier C, Arthur JSC. ERK5 regulation in naïve T-cell activation and survival. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:2534-47. [PMID: 18792406 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ERK5 has been implicated in regulating the MEF2-dependent genes Klf2 and nur77 downstream of the TCR and the maintenance of expression of CD62L on peripheral T cells. Based on this data, knockout of ERK5 would be predicted to compromise T-cell development and the maintenance of T cells in the periphery. Using an ERK5 conditional knockout, driven by CD4-CRE or Vav-CRE transgenes resulting in the loss of ERK5 in T cells, we have found that ERK5 is not required for T-cell development. In addition, normal numbers of T cells were found in the spleens and lymph nodes of these mice. We also find that TCR stimulation is not a strong signal for ERK5 activation in primary murine T cells. ERK5 was found to contribute to the induction of Klf2 but not nur77 mRNA following TCR activation. Despite the reduction in Klf2 mRNA, no effect was seen in ERK5 knockouts on either the mRNA levels for the Klf2 target genes CD62L, CCR7 and S1P, or the cell surface expression of CD62L. These results suggest that while ERK5 does contribute to Klf2 regulation in T cells, it is not essential for the expression of CD62L or T-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ananieva
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Garaude J, Cherni S, Kaminski S, Delepine E, Chable-Bessia C, Benkirane M, Borges J, Pandiella A, Iñiguez MA, Fresno M, Hipskind RA, Villalba M. ERK5 Activates NF-κB in Leukemic T Cells and Is Essential for Their Growth In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:7607-17. [PMID: 17114430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MAPK cascades play a central role in the cellular response to the environment. The pathway involving the MAPK ERK5 mediates growth factor- and stress-induced intracellular signaling that controls proliferation or survival depending upon the cell context. In this study, we show that reducing ERK5 levels with a specific small hairpin RNA 5 (shERK5) reduced cell viability, sensitized cells to death receptor-induced apoptosis, and blocked the palliative effects of phorbol ester in anti-Fas Ab-treated cells. shERK5 decreased nuclear accumulation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and conversely, ectopic activation of ERK5 led to constitutive nuclear localization of p65 and increased its ability to trans activate specific reporter genes. Finally, the T lymphoma cell line EL-4, upon expression of shERK5, proliferated in vitro, but failed to induce s.c. tumors in mice. Our results suggest that ERK5 is essential for survival of leukemic T cells in vivo, and thus represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention in this type of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Garaude
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, IFR 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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