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Cherkashchenko L, Gros N, Trausch A, Neyret A, Hénaut M, Dubois G, Villeneuve M, Chable-Bessia C, Lyonnais S, Merits A, Muriaux D. Validation of flavivirus infectious clones carrying fluorescent markers for antiviral drug screening and replication studies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1201640. [PMID: 37779700 PMCID: PMC10541152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses have emerged as major arthropod-transmitted pathogens and represent an increasing public health problem worldwide. High-throughput screening can be facilitated using viruses that easily express detectable marker proteins. Therefore, developing molecular tools, such as reporter-carrying versions of flaviviruses, for studying viral replication and screening antiviral compounds represents a top priority. However, the engineering of flaviviruses carrying either fluorescent or luminescent reporters remains challenging due to the genetic instability caused by marker insertion; therefore, new approaches to overcome these limitations are needed. Here, we describe reverse genetic methods that include the design and validation of infectious clones of Zika, Kunjin, and Dengue viruses harboring different reporter genes for infection, rescue, imaging, and morphology using super-resolution microscopy. It was observed that different flavivirus constructs with identical designs displayed strikingly different genetic stabilities, and corresponding virions resembled wild-type virus particles in shape and size. A successful strategy was assessed to increase the stability of rescued reporter virus and permit antiviral drug screening based on quantitative automated fluorescence microscopy and replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Cherkashchenko
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nathalie Gros
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alice Trausch
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Neyret
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregor Dubois
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- CEMIPAI UAR3725 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IRIM UMR9004 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Constant O, Barthelemy J, Bolloré K, Tuaillon E, Gosselet F, Chable-Bessia C, Merida P, Muriaux D, Van de Perre P, Salinas S, Simonin Y. SARS-CoV-2 Poorly Replicates in Cells of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Without Associated Deleterious Effects. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697329. [PMID: 34386007 PMCID: PMC8353323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various neurological symptoms have been associated to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection including headache, fever, anosmia, ageusia, but also, encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and ischemic stroke. Responsible for the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 may access and affect the central nervous system (CNS) by several pathways such as axonal retrograde transport or through interaction with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Here, we explored the molecular and cellular effects of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of human BBB cells. We observed low replication of SARS-CoV-2 that was accompanied by very moderate inflammatory response. Using a human in vitro BBB model, we also described low replication levels without strong inflammatory response or modulation of endothelium integrity. Finally, using serum samples from COVID-19 patients, we highlighted strong concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors that did not perturb BBB integrity after short term exposure. Altogether, our results show that the main mechanism of brain access following SARS-CoV-2 infection does not seem to be directed by brain infection through endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Constant
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jonathan Barthelemy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Bolloré
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Univ. Artois, UR 2465, Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Lens, France
| | - Christine Chable-Bessia
- Centre d’Etude des Maladies Infectieuses et de Pharmacologie Anti-Infectieuses, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peggy Merida
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Centre d’Etude des Maladies Infectieuses et de Pharmacologie Anti-Infectieuses, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, INSERM, EFS, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
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3
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Lyonnais S, Hénaut M, Neyret A, Merida P, Cazevieille C, Gros N, Chable-Bessia C, Muriaux D. Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11885. [PMID: 34088957 PMCID: PMC8178396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, single viruses were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating directly in a level 3 biosafety (BSL3) facility, which appeared as a fast and powerful method to assess at the nanoscale level and in 3D infectious virus morphology in its native conformation, or upon inactivation treatments. AFM imaging reveals structurally intact infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 upon low concentration of formaldehyde treatment. This protocol combining AFM and plaque assays allows the preparation of intact inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles for safe use of samples out of level 3 laboratory to accelerate researches against the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, we illustrate how adapted BSL3-AFM is a remarkable toolbox for rapid and direct virus analysis based on nanoscale morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Hénaut
- CEMIPAI, University of Montpellier, UAR3725 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Neyret
- CEMIPAI, University of Montpellier, UAR3725 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Peggy Merida
- Institute of Research in Infectiology of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Cazevieille
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Gros
- CEMIPAI, University of Montpellier, UAR3725 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Delphine Muriaux
- CEMIPAI, University of Montpellier, UAR3725 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Institute of Research in Infectiology of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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4
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Descours B, Cribier A, Chable-Bessia C, Ayinde D, Rice G, Crow Y, Yatim A, Schwartz O, Laguette N, Benkirane M. SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 reverse transcription in quiescent CD4(+) T-cells. Retrovirology 2012; 9:87. [PMID: 23092122 PMCID: PMC3494655 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quiescent CD4+ T lymphocytes are highly refractory to HIV-1 infection due to a block at reverse transcription. RESULTS Examination of SAMHD1 expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes shows that SAMHD1 is expressed in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at levels comparable to those found in myeloid cells. Treatment of CD4+ T cells with Virus-Like Particles (VLP) containing Vpx results in the loss of SAMHD1 expression that correlates with an increased permissiveness to HIV-1 infection and accumulation of reverse transcribed viral DNA without promoting transcription from the viral LTR. Importantly, CD4+ T-cells from patients with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome harboring mutation in the SAMHD1 gene display an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection that is not further enhanced by VLP-Vpx-treatment. CONCLUSION Here, we identified SAMHD1 as the restriction factor preventing efficient viral DNA synthesis in non-cycling resting CD4+ T-cells. These results highlight the crucial role of SAMHD1 in mediating restriction of HIV-1 infection in quiescent CD4+ T-cells and could impact our understanding of HIV-1 mediated CD4+ T-cell depletion and establishment of the viral reservoir, two of the HIV/AIDS hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Descours
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Laboratoires de Virologie Moléculaire, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Laguette N, Rahm N, Sobhian B, Chable-Bessia C, Münch J, Snoeck J, Sauter D, Switzer WM, Heneine W, Kirchhoff F, Delsuc F, Telenti A, Benkirane M. Evolutionary and functional analyses of the interaction between the myeloid restriction factor SAMHD1 and the lentiviral Vpx protein. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:205-17. [PMID: 22305291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SAMHD1 has recently been identified as an HIV-1 restriction factor operating in myeloid cells. As a countermeasure, the Vpx accessory protein from HIV-2 and certain lineages of SIV have evolved to antagonize SAMHD1 by inducing its ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation. Here, we show that SAMHD1 experienced strong positive selection episodes during primate evolution that occurred in the Catarrhini ancestral branch prior to the separation between hominoids (gibbons and great apes) and Old World monkeys. The identification of SAMHD1 residues under positive selection led to mapping the Vpx-interaction domain of SAMHD1 to its C-terminal region. Importantly, we found that while SAMHD1 restriction activity toward HIV-1 is evolutionarily maintained, antagonism of SAMHD1 by Vpx is species-specific. The distinct evolutionary signature of SAMHD1 sheds light on the development of its antiviral specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 1142, Laboratoires de Virologie Moléculaire, 34000 Montpellier, France
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6
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Laguette N, Sobhian B, Casartelli N, Ringeard M, Chable-Bessia C, Ségéral E, Yatim A, Emiliani S, Schwartz O, Benkirane M. SAMHD1 is the dendritic- and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx. Nature 2011; 474:654-7. [PMID: 21613998 DOI: 10.1038/nature10117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1148] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primate lentivirus auxiliary protein Vpx counteracts an unknown restriction factor that renders human dendritic and myeloid cells largely refractory to HIV-1 infection. Here we identify SAMHD1 as this restriction factor. SAMHD1 is a protein involved in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, a genetic encephalopathy with symptoms mimicking congenital viral infection, that has been proposed to act as a negative regulator of the interferon response. We show that Vpx induces proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1. Silencing of SAMHD1 in non-permissive cell lines alleviates HIV-1 restriction and is associated with a significant accumulation of viral DNA in infected cells. Concurrently, overexpression of SAMHD1 in sensitive cells inhibits HIV-1 infection. The putative phosphohydrolase activity of SAMHD1 is probably required for HIV-1 restriction. Vpx-mediated relief of restriction is abolished in SAMHD1-negative cells. Finally, silencing of SAMHD1 markedly increases the susceptibility of monocytic-derived dendritic cells to infection. Our results demonstrate that SAMHD1 is an antiretroviral protein expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage that inhibits an early step of the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier 34000, France.
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7
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Bennasser Y, Chable-Bessia C, Triboulet R, Gibbings D, Gwizdek C, Dargemont C, Kremer EJ, Voinnet O, Benkirane M. Competition for XPO5 binding between Dicer mRNA, pre-miRNA and viral RNA regulates human Dicer levels. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:323-7. [PMID: 21297638 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNAs that function by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Alterations in miRNA expression can strongly influence cellular physiology. Here we demonstrated cross-regulation between two components of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery in human cells. Inhibition of exportin-5, the karyopherin responsible for pre-miRNA export, downregulated expression of Dicer, the RNase III required for pre-miRNA maturation. This effect was post-transcriptional and resulted from an increased nuclear localization of Dicer mRNA. In vitro assays and cellular RNA immunoprecipitation experiments showed that exportin-5 interacted directly with Dicer mRNA. Titration of exportin-5 by overexpression of either pre-miRNA or the adenoviral VA1 RNA resulted in loss of Dicer mRNA-exportin-5 interaction and reduction of Dicer level. This saturation also occurred during adenoviral infection and enhanced viral replication. Our study reveals an important cross-regulatory mechanism between pre-miRNA or viral small RNAs and Dicer through exportin-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Bennasser
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Génétique Humaine UPR1142, Montpellier, France
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8
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Chable-Bessia C, Oussama M, Daniel L, Robinson T, Stéphane E, Olivier S, Yamina B, Monsef B. Interplay between HIV-1 replication and RNAi effectors. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2766967 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s2-o13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Chable-Bessia C, Meziane O, Latreille D, Triboulet R, Zamborlini A, Wagschal A, Jacquet JM, Reynes J, Levy Y, Saib A, Bennasser Y, Benkirane M. Suppression of HIV-1 replication by microRNA effectors. Retrovirology 2009; 6:26. [PMID: 19272132 PMCID: PMC2657893 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of HIV-1 gene expression is a key step that determines the kinetics of virus spread and AIDS progression. Viral entry and gene expression were described to be the key determinants for cell permissiveness to HIV. Recent reports highlighted the involvement of miRNA in regulating HIV-1 replication post-transcriptionally. In this study we explored the role of cellular factors required for miRNA-mediated mRNA translational inhibition in regulating HIV-1 gene expression. Here we show that HIV-1 mRNAs associate and co-localize with components of the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), and we characterize some of the proteins required for miRNA-mediated silencing (miRNA effectors). RCK/p54, GW182, LSm-1 and XRN1 negatively regulate HIV-1 gene expression by preventing viral mRNA association with polysomes. Interestingly, knockdown of RCK/p54 or DGCR8 resulted in virus reactivation in PBMCs isolated from HIV infected patients treated with suppressive HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chable-Bessia
- Institut de Génétique Humaine CNRS UPR1142, Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Montpellier, France.
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10
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Chéné ID, Basyuk E, Lin YL, Triboulet R, Knezevich A, Chable-Bessia C, Mettling C, Baillat V, Reynes J, Corbeau P, Bertrand E, Marcello A, Emiliani S, Kiernan R, Benkirane M. Suv39H1 and HP1gamma are responsible for chromatin-mediated HIV-1 transcriptional silencing and post-integration latency. EMBO J 2007; 26:424-35. [PMID: 17245432 PMCID: PMC1783455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 gene expression is the major determinant regulating the rate of virus replication and, consequently, AIDS progression. Following primary infection, most infected cells produce virus. However, a small population becomes latently infected and constitutes the viral reservoir. This stable viral reservoir seriously challenges the hope of complete viral eradication. Viewed in this context, it is critical to define the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of transcriptional latency and the reactivation of viral expression. We show that Suv39H1, HP1gamma and histone H3Lys9 trimethylation play a major role in chromatin-mediated repression of integrated HIV-1 gene expression. Suv39H1, HP1gamma and histone H3Lys9 trimethylation are reversibly associated with HIV-1 in a transcription-dependent manner. Finally, we show in different cellular models, including PBMCs from HIV-1-infected donors, that HIV-1 reactivation could be achieved after HP1gamma RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaure du Chéné
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Euguenia Basyuk
- Traffic et Assemblage des RNPs, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5355, Montpellier, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Lentivirus et Transfert de Gènes, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Robinson Triboulet
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Knezevich
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Christine Chable-Bessia
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Clement Mettling
- Lentivirus et Transfert de Gènes, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Baillat
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5355, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Reynes
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5355, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Lentivirus et Transfert de Gènes, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Traffic et Assemblage des RNPs, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5355, Montpellier, France
| | - Alessandro Marcello
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephane Emiliani
- Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Rosemary Kiernan
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR 1142, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, UPR 1142, Montpellier, 141 rue la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Tel.: +33 4 99 61 99 32; Fax: + 33 4 99 61 99 01; E-mail:
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11
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Lassot I, Latreille D, Rousset E, Sourisseau M, Linares LK, Chable-Bessia C, Coux O, Benkirane M, Kiernan RE. The proteasome regulates HIV-1 transcription by both proteolytic and nonproteolytic mechanisms. Mol Cell 2007; 25:369-83. [PMID: 17289585 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the proteasome facilitates transcription from several yeast promoters, it is unclear if its role is proteolytic or which subunits are involved. We show that the proteasome regulates the HIV-1 promoter in both proteolytic and nonproteolytic modes. In the absence of transcription factor, Tat, proteasome was associated with promoter and coding regions, and its proteolytic activity regulated the level of basal transcription emanating from the promoter. Tat switched the proteasome to a nonproteolytic mode by recruiting a proteasome-associated protein, PAAF1, which favors proteasome dissociation into 19S and 20S particles. Gel filtration chromatography showed that expression of both Tat and PAAF1 enhanced the abundance of a 19S-like complex in nuclear extracts. 19S, but not 20S, subunits were strongly recruited to the promoter in the presence of Tat and PAAF1 and coactivated Tat-dependent transcription. 19S components facilitated transcriptional elongation and may be involved in clearance of paused transcriptional elongation complexes from the promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lassot
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR1142, Montpellier, France
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12
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Triboulet R, Mari B, Lin YL, Chable-Bessia C, Bennasser Y, Lebrigand K, Cardinaud B, Maurin T, Barbry P, Baillat V, Reynes J, Corbeau P, Jeang KT, Benkirane M. Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication. Science 2007; 315:1579-82. [PMID: 17322031 DOI: 10.1126/science.1136319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 19 to 25 nucleotides that function as gene regulators and as a host cell defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. We provide evidence for a physiological role of the miRNA-silencing machinery in controlling HIV-1 replication. Type III RNAses Dicer and Drosha, responsible for miRNA processing, inhibited virus replication both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected donors and in latently infected cells. In turn, HIV-1 actively suppressed the expression of the polycistronic miRNA cluster miR-17/92. This suppression was found to be required for efficient viral replication and was dependent on the histone acetyltransferase Tat cofactor PCAF. Our results highlight the involvement of the miRNA-silencing pathway in HIV-1 replication and latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Triboulet
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, Montpellier, France
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13
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Linares LK, Kiernan R, Triboulet R, Chable-Bessia C, Latreille D, Cuvier O, Lacroix M, Le Cam L, Coux O, Benkirane M. Intrinsic ubiquitination activity of PCAF controls the stability of the oncoprotein Hdm2. Nat Cell Biol 2007; 9:331-8. [PMID: 17293853 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The p300-CBP-associated factor (PCAF) is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) involved in the reversible acetylation of various transcriptional regulators, including the tumour suppressor p53. It is implicated in many cellular processes, such as transcription, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. We observed that knockdown of PCAF expression in HeLa or U2OS cell lines induces stabilization of the oncoprotein Hdm2, a RING finger E3 ligase primarily known for its role in controlling p53 stability. To investigate the molecular basis of this effect, we examined whether PCAF is involved in Hdm2 ubiquitination. Here, we show that PCAF, in addition to its acetyltransferase activity, possesses an intrinsic ubiquitination activity that is critical for controlling Hdm2 expression levels, and thus p53 functions. Our data highlight a regulatory crosstalk between PCAF and Hdm2 activities, which is likely to have a central role in the subtle control of p53 activity after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia K Linares
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS-UMII UMR5237, Montpellier, France
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14
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Garaude J, Cherni S, Kaminski S, Delepine E, Chable-Bessia C, Benkirane M, Borges J, Pandiella A, Iñiguez MA, Fresno M, Hipskind RA, Villalba M. ERK5 Activates NF-κB in Leukemic T Cells and Is Essential for Their Growth In Vivo. J Immunol 2006; 177:7607-17. [PMID: 17114430 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MAPK cascades play a central role in the cellular response to the environment. The pathway involving the MAPK ERK5 mediates growth factor- and stress-induced intracellular signaling that controls proliferation or survival depending upon the cell context. In this study, we show that reducing ERK5 levels with a specific small hairpin RNA 5 (shERK5) reduced cell viability, sensitized cells to death receptor-induced apoptosis, and blocked the palliative effects of phorbol ester in anti-Fas Ab-treated cells. shERK5 decreased nuclear accumulation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and conversely, ectopic activation of ERK5 led to constitutive nuclear localization of p65 and increased its ability to trans activate specific reporter genes. Finally, the T lymphoma cell line EL-4, upon expression of shERK5, proliferated in vitro, but failed to induce s.c. tumors in mice. Our results suggest that ERK5 is essential for survival of leukemic T cells in vivo, and thus represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention in this type of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Garaude
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, IFR 122, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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15
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Col E, Caron C, Chable-Bessia C, Legube G, Gazzeri S, Komatsu Y, Yoshida M, Benkirane M, Trouche D, Khochbin S. HIV-1 Tat targets Tip60 to impair the apoptotic cell response to genotoxic stresses. EMBO J 2005; 24:2634-45. [PMID: 16001085 PMCID: PMC1176461 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator Tat uses cellular acetylation signalling by targeting several cellular histone acetyltransferases (HAT) to optimize its various functions. Although Tip60 was the first HAT identified to interact with Tat, the biological significance of this interaction has remained obscure. We had previously shown that Tat represses Tip60 HAT activity. Here, a new mechanism of Tip60 neutralization by Tat is described, where Tip60 is identified as a substrate for the newly reported p300/CBP-associated E4-type ubiquitin-ligase activity, and Tat uses this mechanism to induce the polyubiquitination and degradation of Tip60. Tip60 targeting by Tat results in a dramatic impairment of the Tip60-dependent apoptotic cell response to DNA damage. These data reveal yet unknown strategies developed by HIV-1 to increase cell resistance to genotoxic stresses and show a role of Tat as a modulator of cellular protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Col
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Cécile Caron
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Chable-Bessia
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaelle Legube
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS UMR 5099, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Gazzeri
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Cancer du Poumon, INSERM U578, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Yasuhiko Komatsu
- CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Trouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS UMR 5099, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Tel.: +33 4 76 54 95 83; Fax: +33 4 76 54 95 95; E-mail:
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16
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Courtois G, Smahi A, Reichenbach J, Döffinger R, Cancrini C, Bonnet M, Puel A, Chable-Bessia C, Yamaoka S, Feinberg J, Dupuis-Girod S, Bodemer C, Livadiotti S, Novelli F, Rossi P, Fischer A, Israël A, Munnich A, Le Deist F, Casanova JL. A hypermorphic IkappaBalpha mutation is associated with autosomal dominant anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and T cell immunodeficiency. J Clin Invest 2003; 112:1108-15. [PMID: 14523047 PMCID: PMC198529 DOI: 10.1172/jci18714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (XL-EDA-ID) is caused by hypomorphic mutations in the gene encoding NEMO/IKKgamma, the regulatory subunit of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. IKK normally phosphorylates the IkappaB-inhibitors of NF-kappaB at specific serine residues, thereby promoting their ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This allows NF-kappaB complexes to translocate into the nucleus where they activate their target genes. Here, we describe an autosomal-dominant (AD) form of EDA-ID associated with a heterozygous missense mutation at serine 32 of IkappaBalpha. This mutation is gain-of-function, as it enhances the inhibitory capacity of IkappaBalpha by preventing its phosphorylation and degradation, and results in impaired NF-kappaB activation. The developmental, immunologic, and infectious phenotypes associated with hypomorphic NEMO and hypermorphic IKBA mutations largely overlap and include EDA, impaired cellular responses to ligands of TIR (TLR-ligands, IL-1beta, and IL-18), and TNFR (TNF-alpha, LTalpha1/beta2, and CD154) superfamily members and severe bacterial diseases. However, AD-EDA-ID but not XL-EDA-ID is associated with a severe and unique T cell immunodeficiency. Despite a marked blood lymphocytosis, there are no detectable memory T cells in vivo, and naive T cells do not respond to CD3-TCR activation in vitro. Our report highlights both the diversity of genotypes associated with EDA-ID and the diversity of immunologic phenotypes associated with mutations in different components of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Courtois
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Expression Génique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2582, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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17
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Kovalenko A, Chable-Bessia C, Cantarella G, Israël A, Wallach D, Courtois G. The tumour suppressor CYLD negatively regulates NF-kappaB signalling by deubiquitination. Nature 2003; 424:801-5. [PMID: 12917691 DOI: 10.1038/nature01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NF-kappaB transcription factors have key roles in inflammation, immune response, oncogenesis and protection against apoptosis. In most cells, these factors are kept inactive in the cytoplasm through association with IkappaB inhibitors. After stimulation by various reagents, IkappaB is phosphorylated by the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex and degraded by the proteasome, allowing NF-kappaB to translocate to the nucleus and activate its target genes. Here we report that CYLD, a tumour suppressor that is mutated in familial cylindromatosis, interacts with NEMO, the regulatory subunit of IKK. CYLD also interacts directly with tumour-necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), an adaptor molecule involved in signalling by members of the family of TNF/nerve growth factor receptors. CYLD has deubiquitinating activity that is directed towards non-K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and negatively modulates TRAF-mediated activation of IKK, strengthening the notion that ubiquitination is involved in IKK activation by TRAFs and suggesting that CYLD functions in this process. Truncations of CYLD found in cylindromatosis result in reduced enzymatic activity, indicating a link between impaired deubiquitination of CYLD substrates and human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kovalenko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Brès V, Kiernan RE, Linares LK, Chable-Bessia C, Plechakova O, Tréand C, Emiliani S, Peloponese JM, Jeang KT, Coux O, Scheffner M, Benkirane M. A non-proteolytic role for ubiquitin in Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 promoter. Nat Cell Biol 2003; 5:754-61. [PMID: 12883554 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2002] [Accepted: 05/30/2003] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a potent transactivator, Tat, which functions through binding to a short leader RNA, called transactivation responsive element (TAR). Recent studies suggest that Tat activates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR), mainly by adapting co-activator complexes, such as p300, PCAF and the positive transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, to the promoter. Here, we show that the proto-oncoprotein Hdm2 interacts with Tat and mediates its ubiquitination in vitro and in vivo. In addition, Hdm2 is a positive regulator of Tat-mediated transactivation, indicating that the transcriptional properties of Tat are stimulated by ubiquitination. Fusion of ubiquitin to Tat bypasses the requirement of Hdm2 for efficient transactivation, supporting the notion that ubiquitin has a non-proteolytic function in Tat-mediated transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brès
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
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