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Li Z, Gao Z, Sun T, Zhang S, Yang S, Zheng M, Shen H. Meteorin-like/Metrnl, a novel secreted protein implicated in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098570. [PMID: 36911663 PMCID: PMC9998503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like, also known as Metrnl, Meteorin-β, Subfatin, and Cometin, is a novel secreted protein exerting pleiotropic effects on inflammation, immunology, and metabolism. Earlier research on this hormone focused on regulating energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the molecule mechanism of Metrnl in glucose metabolism and obesity-related disorders but reported contradictory clinical results. Recent studies gradually noticed its multiple protective functions in inflammatory immune regulations and cardiometabolic diseases, such as inducing macrophage activation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, bone formation, and preventing dyslipidemias. A comprehensive understanding of this novel protein is essential to identify its significance as a potential therapeutic drug or a biomarker of certain diseases. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of Metrnl and its roles in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism, including animal/cell interventional preclinical studies and human clinical studies. We also describe controversies regarding the data of circulation Metrnl in different disease states to determine its clinical application better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Meilin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
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Gao Y, Qian Q, Xun G, Zhang J, Sun S, Liu X, Liu F, Ge J, Zhang H, Fu Y, Su S, Wang X, Wang Q. Integrated metabolomics and network analysis reveal changes in lipid metabolisms of tripterygium glycosides tablets in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1828-1842. [PMID: 36923473 PMCID: PMC10009339 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGT) are the commonly used preparation for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the changes in TGT on RA are still unclear at the metabolic level. This study aimed to reveal the biological processes of TGT in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats through integrated metabolomics and network analysis. First, the CIA model in rats was established, and the CIA rats were given three doses of TGT. Then, the endogenous metabolites in the serum from normal rats, CIA rats, and CIA rats treated with varying doses of TGT were detected by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Next, univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to find the differential metabolites. Finally, differential metabolites, metabolic pathways, and hub genes were analyzed integrally to reveal the biological processes of TGT in CIA rats. The paw diameter, arthritis score, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, CT image, and histological assay showed that TGT had evident therapeutic effects on CIA rats. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that TGT could ameliorate the down-regulation of lipid levels in CIA rats. Four key differential metabolites were found including LysoP(18:0), LysoPA(20:4), LysoPA(18:2), and PS(O-20:0/17:1). The glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway was perturbed in treating CIA with TGT. A total of 24 genes, including PLD1, LPCAT4, AGPAT1, and PLA2G4A, were found to be the hub genes of TGT in CIA rats. In conclusion, the integrated analysis provided a novel and holistic perspective on the biological processes of TGT in CIA rats, which could give helpful guidance for further TGT on RA. Future studies based on human samples are necessary.
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Key Words
- CDS, Calibrant Delivery System
- CFA, Complete Freund’s adjuvant
- CIA, collagen-induced arthritis
- CUR, curtain gas
- DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FC, fold change
- GS1, nebulizer gas
- GS2, heater gas
- HMDB, Human Metabolome Database
- IDA, Information Dependent Acquisition
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Lipid metabolisms
- Metabolomics
- Micro-CT, Micro-computed tomography
- Network analysis
- QC, quality control
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- TGT, Tripterygium glycosides tablets
- Tripterygium glycosides tablets
- VIP, variable importance in projection
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Xun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fu
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for New Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
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Šteigerová M, Šíma M, Slanař O. Pathogenesis of Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Role of Immune Cells with Associated Cytokines and Antibodies, Comparison with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:41-49. [PMID: 38063000 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis is the most com-mon in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis used for investigation of new potential therapies in preclinical research. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting joints, accompanied by significant extra-articular symptoms. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis involves a so far properly unexplored network of immune cells, cytokines, antibodies and other factors. These agents trigger the autoimmune response leading to polyarthritis with cell infiltration, bone and cartilage degeneration and synovial cell proliferation. Our review covers the knowledge about cytokines present in the rat collagen-induced arthritis model and the factors affecting them. In addition, we provide a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and a description of their important effects on the development of both diseases. We discuss the crucial roles of various immune cells (subtypes of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages), fibroblast-like synoviocy-tes, and their related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, GM-CSF, TGF-β). Finally, we also focus on key antibodies (rheu-matoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, anti-collagen II antibodies) and tissue-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šteigerová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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Piedra-Quintero ZL, Wilson Z, Nava P, Guerau-de-Arellano M. CD38: An Immunomodulatory Molecule in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:597959. [PMID: 33329591 PMCID: PMC7734206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.597959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is a molecule that can act as an enzyme, with NAD-depleting and intracellular signaling activity, or as a receptor with adhesive functions. CD38 can be found expressed either on the cell surface, where it may face the extracellular milieu or the cytosol, or in intracellular compartments, such as endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and mitochondria. The main expression of CD38 is observed in hematopoietic cells, with some cell-type specific differences between mouse and human. The role of CD38 in immune cells ranges from modulating cell differentiation to effector functions during inflammation, where CD38 may regulate cell recruitment, cytokine release, and NAD availability. In line with a role in inflammation, CD38 appears to also play a critical role in inflammatory processes during autoimmunity, although whether CD38 has pathogenic or regulatory effects varies depending on the disease, immune cell, or animal model analyzed. Given the complexity of the physiology of CD38 it has been difficult to completely understand the biology of this molecule during autoimmune inflammation. In this review, we analyze current knowledge and controversies regarding the role of CD38 during inflammation and autoimmunity and novel molecular tools that may clarify current gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayda L. Piedra-Quintero
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Wilson
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), México City, México
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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miRNA Expression and Interaction with Genes Involved in Susceptibility to Pristane-Induced Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1928405. [PMID: 30648118 PMCID: PMC6311868 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1928405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in mice is an experimental model that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects joints and is characterized by synovial inflammation and articular cartilage and bone destruction. AIRmax and AIRmin mouse lines differ in their susceptibility to PIA, and linkage analysis in this model mapped arthritis severity QTLs in chromosomes 5 and 8. miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that have been extensively studied in the development of arthritis. We analyzed miRNA and gene expression profiles in peritoneal cells of AIRmax and AIRmin lines, in order to evaluate the genetic architecture in this model. Susceptible AIRmax mice showed higher gene (2025 vs 1043) and miRNA (240 vs 59) modulation than resistant AIRmin mice at the onset of disease symptoms. miR-132-3p/212-3p, miR-106-5p, miR-27b-3p, and miR-25-3p were among the miRNAs with the highest expression in susceptible animals, showing a negative correlation with the expression of predicted target genes (Il10, Cd69, and Sp1r1). Our study showed that global gene and miRNA expression profiles in peritoneal cells of susceptible AIRmax and resistant AIRmin lines during pristane-induced arthritis are distinct, evidencing interesting targets for further validation.
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Ushach I, Burkhardt AM, Martinez C, Hevezi PA, Gerber PA, Buhren BA, Schrumpf H, Valle-Rios R, Vazquez MI, Homey B, Zlotnik A. METEORIN-LIKE is a cytokine associated with barrier tissues and alternatively activated macrophages. Clin Immunol 2014; 156:119-27. [PMID: 25486603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in many functions of the immune system including initiating, amplifying and resolving immune responses. Through bioinformatics analyses of a comprehensive database of gene expression (BIGE: Body Index of Gene Expression) we observed that a small secreted protein encoded by a poorly characterized gene called meteorin-like (METRNL), is highly expressed in mucosal tissues, skin and activated macrophages. Further studies indicate that Metrnl is produced by Alternatively Activated Macrophages (AAM) and M-CSF cultured bone marrow macrophages (M2-like macrophages). In the skin, METRNL is expressed by resting fibroblasts and IFNγ-treated keratinocytes. A screen of human skin-associated diseases showed significant over-expression of METRNL in psoriasis, prurigo nodularis, actinic keratosis and atopic dermatitis. METRNL is also up-regulated in synovial membranes of human rheumatoid arthritis. Taken together, these results indicate that Metrnl represents a novel cytokine, which is likely involved in both innate and acquired immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ushach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amanda M Burkhardt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter A Hevezi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Peter Arne Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Holger Schrumpf
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ricardo Valle-Rios
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Present address: Laboratory of Immunology and Proteomics, Children's Hospital of Mexico, Mexico, D.F. 06720, Mexico
| | - Monica I Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Piscianz E, Valencic E, Cuzzoni E, De Iudicibus S, De Lorenzo E, Decorti G, Tommasini A. Fate of lymphocytes after withdrawal of tofacitinib treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85463. [PMID: 24416411 PMCID: PMC3887061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib (Tofa) is an inhibitor of Janus Kinase 3, developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and for the prevention of transplant rejection. Due to its selective action on proliferating cells, Tofa can offer a way to block T cell activation, without toxic effects on resting cells. However, few studies have investigated the effects of Tofa on lymphocyte activation in vitro. Our aim was to study the action of Tofa on different lymphocyte subsets after in vitro stimulation and to track the behaviour of treated cells after interruption of the treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with mitogen and treated with two concentrations of Tofa. After a first period in culture, cells were washed and further incubated for an additional time. Lymphocyte subsets, activation phenotype and proliferation were assessed at the different time frames. As expected, Tofa was able to reduce the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes in the first four days of treatment. In addition the drug led to a relative decrease of Natural Killer, B cells and CD8 T cells compared to CD4 T cells. However, treated cells were still viable after the first period in culture and begun to proliferate, strikingly, in a dose dependent manner when the drug was removed from the environment by replacing the culture medium. This novel data does not necessarily predict a similar behaviour in vivo, but can warn about the clinical use of this drug when a discontinuation of treatment with Tofa is considered for any reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Piscianz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Erica Valencic
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Cuzzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara De Iudicibus
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa De Lorenzo
- Department of Translational Research, National Cancer Institute CRO-IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
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Luu VP, Vazquez MI, Zlotnik A. B cells participate in tolerance and autoimmunity through cytokine production. Autoimmunity 2013; 47:1-12. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.856006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Liu Z, Bethunaickan R, Sahu R, Brenner M, Laragione T, Gulko PS, Davidson A. The Multiple Chemokine-Binding Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein G (BHV1gG) Inhibits Polymorphonuclear Cell but Not Monocyte Migration into Inflammatory Sites. Mol Med 2013. [DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Luu VP, Hevezi P, Vences-Catalan F, Maravillas-Montero JL, White CA, Casali P, Llorente L, Jakez-Ocampo J, Lima G, Vilches-Cisneros N, Flores-Gutiérrez JP, Santos-Argumedo L, Zlotnik A. TSPAN33 is a novel marker of activated and malignant B cells. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:388-99. [PMID: 24211713 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have identified Tspan33 as a gene encoding a transmembrane protein exhibiting a restricted expression pattern including expression in activated B cells. TSPAN33 is a member of the tetraspanin family. TSPAN33 is not expressed in resting B cells, but is strongly induced in primary human B cells following activation. Human 2E2 cells, a Burkitt's lymphoma-derived B cell model of activation and differentiation, also upregulate TSPAN33 upon activation. TSPAN33 is expressed in several lymphomas including Hodgkin's and Diffuse large B cell lymphoma. TSPAN33 is also expressed in some autoimmune diseases where B cells participate in the pathology, including rheumatoid arthritis patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and in spleen B cells from MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice (a mouse model of SLE). We conclude that TSPAN33 may be used as a diagnostic biomarker or as a target for therapeutic antibodies for treatment of certain B cell lymphomas or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phi Luu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Gómez-Valadés AG, Llamas M, Blanch S, Perales JC, Román J, Gómez-Casajús L, Mascaró C. Specific Jak3 Downregulation in Lymphocytes Impairs γc Cytokine Signal Transduction and Alleviates Antigen-driven Inflammation In Vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e42. [PMID: 23344234 PMCID: PMC3464880 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Jak3, one of the four members comprising the Jak family of cytosolic tyrosine kinases, has emerged as a promising target for nontoxic immunotherapies. Although a number of Jak inhibitors has already demonstrated efficacy, they suffer from secondary effects apparently associated to their pan-Jak activity. However, whether selective Jak3 inhibition would afford therapeutic efficacy remains unclear. To address this question we have investigated the immunosuppressive potential of selective Jak3 intervention in lymphocytes using RNA interference (RNAi) technology in vitro and in vivo. Using synthetic small interference RNA (siRNA) sequences we achieved successful transfections into human and mouse primary T lymphocytes. We found that Jak3 knockdown was sufficient to impair not only interleukin-2 (IL-2) and T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cell activation in vitro, but also antigen-triggereds welling, inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine raise in vivo. Furthermore, Jak1 (which mediates γc cytokine signaling in conjunction with Jak3) cosilencing did not provide higher potency to the aforementioned immunosuppressant effects. Our data provides direct evidences indicating that Jak3 protein plays an important role in γc cytokine and antigen-mediated T cell activation and modulates Th1-mediated inflammatory disorders, all in all highlighting its potential as a target in immunosuppressive therapies.
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12
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Toonen EJM, Gilissen C, Franke B, Kievit W, Eijsbouts AM, den Broeder AA, van Reijmersdal SV, Veltman JA, Scheffer H, Radstake TRDJ, van Riel PLCM, Barrera P, Coenen MJH. Validation study of existing gene expression signatures for anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33199. [PMID: 22457743 PMCID: PMC3310059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, there are no means of identifying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who will fail to respond to tumour necrosis factor blocking agents (anti-TNF), prior to treatment. We set out to validate eight previously reported gene expression signatures predicting therapy outcome. Genome-wide expression profiling using Affymetrix GeneChip Exon 1.0 ST arrays was performed on RNA isolated from whole blood of 42 RA patients starting treatment with infliximab or adalimumab. Clinical response according to EULAR criteria was determined at week 14 of therapy. Genes that have been reported to be associated with anti-TNF treatment were extracted from our dataset. K-means partition clustering was performed to assess the predictive value of the gene-sets. We performed a hypothesis-driven analysis of the dataset using eight existing gene sets predictive of anti-TNF treatment outcome. The set that performed best reached a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 61%, for classifying the patients in the current study. We successfully validated one of eight previously reported predictive expression profile. This replicated expression signature is a good starting point for developing a prediction model for anti-TNF treatment outcome that can be used in a daily clinical setting. Our results confirm that gene expression profiling prior to treatment is a useful tool to predict anti-TNF (non) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. M. Toonen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes M. Eijsbouts
- Department of Rheumatology of the St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Simon V. van Reijmersdal
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A. Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Scheffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Piet L. C. M. van Riel
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Barrera
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Yu H, Lu C, Tan MT, Moudgil KD. The gene expression profile of preclinical autoimmune arthritis and its modulation by a tolerogenic disease-protective antigenic challenge. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R143. [PMID: 21914168 PMCID: PMC3308071 DOI: 10.1186/ar3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autoimmune inflammation is a characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. In the natural course of human autoimmune diseases, it is rather difficult to pinpoint the precise timing of the initial event that triggers the cascade of pathogenic events that later culminate into clinically overt disease. Therefore, it is a challenge to examine the early preclinical events in these disorders. Animal models are an invaluable resource in this regard. Furthermore, considering the complex nature of the pathogenic immune events in arthritis, microarray analysis offers a versatile tool to define the dynamic patterns of gene expression during the disease course. Methods In this study, we defined the profiles of gene expression at different phases of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in Lewis rats and compared them with those of antigen mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (Bhsp65)-tolerized syngeneic rats. Purified total RNA (100 ng) extracted from the draining lymph node cells was used to generate biotin-labeled fragment cRNA, which was then hybridized with an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray chip. Significance analysis of microarrays was used to compare gene expression levels between the two different groups by limiting the false discovery rate to < 5%. Some of the data were further analyzed using a fold change ≥2.0 as the cutoff. The gene expression of select genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Intriguingly, the most dramatic changes in gene expression in the draining lymphoid tissue ex vivo were observed at the preclinical (incubation) phase of the disease. The affected genes represented many of the known proteins that participate in the cellular immune response. Interestingly, the preclinical gene expression profile was significantly altered by a disease-modulating, antigen-based tolerogenic regimen. The changes mostly included upregulation of several genes, suggesting that immune tolerance suppressed disease by activating disease-regulating pathways. We identified a molecular signature comprising at least 12 arthritis-related genes altered by Bhsp65-induced tolerance. Conclusions This is the first report of microarray analysis in the rat AA model. The results of this study not only advance our understanding of the early phase events in autoimmune arthritis but also help in identifying potential targets for the immunomodulation of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-1, Suite 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Lauzier A, Charbonneau M, Harper K, Jilaveanu-Pelmus M, Dubois CM. Formation of invadopodia-like structures by synovial cells promotes cartilage breakdown in collagen-induced arthritis: Involvement of the protein tyrosine kinase Src. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1591-602. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yun TJ, Harning EK, Giza K, Rabah D, Li P, Arndt JW, Luchetti D, Biamonte MA, Shi J, Lundgren K, Manning A, Kehry MR. EC144, a synthetic inhibitor of heat shock protein 90, blocks innate and adaptive immune responses in models of inflammation and autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:563-75. [PMID: 21131419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in folding and stabilizing multiple intracellular proteins that have roles in cell activation and proliferation. Many Hsp90 client proteins in tumor cells are mutated or overexpressed oncogenic proteins driving cancer cell growth, leading to the acceptance of Hsp90 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Because several signal transduction molecules that are dependent on Hsp90 function are also involved in activation of innate and adaptive cells of the immune system, we investigated the mechanism by which inhibiting Hsp90 leads to therapeutic efficacy in rodent models of inflammation and autoimmunity. EC144, a synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, blocked LPS-induced TLR4 signaling in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting activation of ERK1/2, MEK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK but not NF-κB. Ex vivo LPS-stimulated CD11b(+) peritoneal exudate cells from EC144-treated mice were blocked from phosphorylating tumor progression locus 2, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2. Consequently, EC144-treated mice were resistant to LPS administration and had suppressed systemic TNF-α release. Inhibiting Hsp90 also blocked in vitro CD4(+) T cell proliferation in mouse and human MLRs. In vivo, semitherapeutic administration of EC144 blocked disease development in rat collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing the inflammatory response. In a mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, EC144 also suppressed disease development, which correlated with a suppressed Ag-specific Ab response and a block in activation of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. Our results describe mechanisms by which blocking Hsp90 function may be applicable to treatment of autoimmune diseases involving inflammation and activation of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Yun
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA 92122, USA.
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Bevaart L, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. Evaluation of therapeutic targets in animal models of arthritis: How does it relate to rheumatoid arthritis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2192-205. [DOI: 10.1002/art.27503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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