1
|
Ghosh A. Elucidation of cellular signaling mechanism involved in Vibrio cholerae chitin-binding protein GbpA mediated IL-8 secretion in the intestinal cells. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100113. [PMID: 39006003 PMCID: PMC11239689 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Vibrio cholerae N-acetylglucosamine-binding protein (GbpA) is a four-domain, secretory colonization factor which is essential for chitin utilization in the environment, as well as in adherence to intestinal cells. GbpA is also involved in inducing intestinal inflammation by enhancing mucin and interleukin-8 secretion. The underlying cell signaling mechanism involved in the induction of the pro-inflammatory response and IL-8 secretion has yet to be deciphered in detail. Methods Herein, the process through which GbpA triggers the induction of IL-8 in intestinal cells was investigated by examining the role of GbpA in intestinal cell line HT 29. Results GbpA, specifically through the fourth domain, forms a binding connection with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and additionally, recruits TLR1 along with CD14 within a lipid raft micro-domain to initiate the signaling pathway. Notably, disruption of this micro-domain complex resulted in a reduction in IL-8 secretion. The lipid raft association served as the catalyst that invoked a downstream cellular inflammatory signaling pathway. This cascade involved the activation of various MAP kinases and NFκB and assembly of the AP-1 complex. This coordinated activation of signaling molecules eventually leads to enhanced IL-8 transcription via increased promoter activity. These findings suggested that GbpA is a crucial protein in V. cholerae, capable of inciting a pro-inflammatory response during infection by orchestrating the formation of the GbpA-TLR1/2-CD14 lipid raft complex. Activation of AP-1 and NFκB in the nucleus eventually enhanced IL-8 transcription through increased promoter activity. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicated that GbpA plays a pivotal role within V. cholerae by triggering a pro-inflammatory response during infection. This response is instrumented by the formation of the GbpA-TLR1/2-CD14 lipid raft complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin X, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 34090326 PMCID: PMC8180125 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date. RESULTS This study established a lifespan model of C. elegans, enabling the preselection of LAB to counter C. jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to C. elegans against C. jejuni. The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of C. jejuni in C. elegans. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of C. elegans was verified using mice and chickens infected with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect C. elegans against C. jejuni. C. elegans provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to C. jejuni on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and in medium containing bile, and to adhere to enterocytes. Furthermore LGG is able to produces both a biofilm that can mechanically protect the mucosa, and different soluble factors beneficial to the gut by enhancing intestinal crypt survival, diminishing apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium, and preserving cytoskeletal integrity. Moreover LGG thanks to its lectin-like protein 1 and 2 inhibits some pathogens such as Salmonella species. Finally LGG is able to promote type 1 immune-responsiveness by reducing the expression of several activation and inflammation markers on monocytes and by increasing the production of interleukin-10, interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α in macrophages. A large number of research data on Lactobacillus GG is the basis for the use of this probiotic for human health. In this review we have considered predominantly randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis, Cochrane Review, guide lines of Scientific Societies and anyway studies whose results were evaluated by means of relative risk, odds ratio, weighted mean difference 95% confidence interval. The effectiveness of LGG in gastrointestinal infections and diarrhea, antibiotic and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory tract infections, allergy, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cystic fibrosis, cancer, elderly end sport were analyzed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pathogen-induced secretory diarrhea and its prevention. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1721-1739. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
5
|
Anti-infective activities of lactobacillus strains in the human intestinal microbiota: from probiotics to gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 27:167-99. [PMID: 24696432 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00080-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions and the production of antimicrobial molecules. The human intestinal microbiota is a source from which Lactobacillus probiotic strains have often been isolated. Only six probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from human intestinal microbiota, i.e., L. rhamnosus GG, L. casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, L. johnsonii NCC 533, L. acidophilus LB, and L. reuteri DSM 17938, have been well characterized with regard to their potential antimicrobial effects against the major gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens and rotavirus. In this review, we describe the current knowledge concerning the experimental antibacterial activities, including antibiotic-like and cell-regulating activities, and therapeutic effects demonstrated in well-conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of these probiotic Lactobacillus strains. What is known about the antimicrobial activities supported by the molecules secreted by such probiotic Lactobacillus strains suggests that they constitute a promising new source for the development of innovative anti-infectious agents that act luminally and intracellularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
6
|
Capability of exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11 and its non-producing isogenic strain NB1, to counteract the effect of enteropathogens upon the epithelial cell line HT29-MTX. Food Res Int 2015; 74:199-207. [PMID: 28411984 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The putative protective role of the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11, and its non-EPS-producing isogenic strain NB1, was tested upon HT29-MTX monolayers challenged with seven opportunistic pathogens. The probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMG18243 (GG) was used as a reference bacterium. Tested lactobacilli were able to efficiently reduce the attachment to HT29-MTX of most pathogens. Lb. paraplantarum NB1 and Lb. rhamnosus GG were more efficient reducing the adhesion of Clostridium difficile or Yersinia enterocolitica than Lb. paraplantarum BGCG11, while strain BGCG11 reduced, to a greater extent, the adhesion of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The detachment and cell lysis of HT29-MTX monolayers in the presence of pathogens alone and co-incubated with lactobacilli or purified EPS was followed. L. monocytogenes induced the strongest cell detachment among the seven tested pathogens and this effect was prevented by addition of purified EPS-CG11. The results suggest that this EPS could be an effective macromolecule in protection of HT29-MTX cells from the pathogen-induced lysis. Regarding innate intestinal barrier, the presence of C. difficile induced the highest IL-8 production in HT29-MTX cells and this capability was reinforced by the co-incubation with Lb. paraplantarum NB1 and Lb. rhamnosus GG. However, the increase in IL-8 production was not noticed when C. difficile was co-incubated with EPS-producing Lb. paraplantarum BGCG11 strain or its purified EPS-CG11 polymer, thus indicating that the polymer could hinder the contact of bacteria with the intestinal epithelium. The measurement of mucus secreted by HT29-MTX and the expression of muc1, muc2, muc3B and muc5AC genes in the presence of pathogens and lactobacilli suggested that all lactobacilli strains are weak "co-adjuvants" helping some pathogens to slightly increase the secretion of mucus by HT29-MTX, while purified EPS-CG11 did not induce mucus secretion. Taking altogether, Lb. paraplantarum BGCG11 could act towards the reinforcement of the innate mucosal barrier through the synthesis of a physical-protective EPS layer which could make difficult the contact of the pathogens with the epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Smaldini PL, Stanford J, Romanin DE, Fossati CA, Docena GH. Down-regulation of NF-κB signaling by Gordonia bronchialis prevents the activation of gut epithelial cells. Innate Immun 2013; 20:626-38. [PMID: 24055879 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913503577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory power of heat-killed Gordonia bronchialis was studied on gut epithelial cells activated with pro-inflammatory stimuli (flagellin, TNF-α or IL-1β). Light emission of luciferase-transfected epithelial cells and mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CCL20, IL-8 and MCP-1 were measured. NF-κB activation was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated. In vivo inhibitory properties of G. bronchialis were studied with ligated intestinal loop assay and in a mouse model of food allergy. G. bronchialis promoted the down-regulation of the expression of CCL20 and IL-1β on activated epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. A concomitant blocking of nuclear p65 translocation with increased production of ROS was found. In vivo experiments confirmed the inhibition of CCL20 expression and the suppression of IgE sensitization and hypersensitivity symptoms in the food allergy mouse model. In conclusion, heat-killed G. bronchialis inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway in human epithelial cells, and suppressed the expression of CCL20. These results indicate that G. bronchialis may be used to modulate the initial steps of innate immune activation, which further suppress the allergic sensitization. This approach may be exploited as a therapy for intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Smaldini
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - John Stanford
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London UK and BioEos Ltd, London, UK
| | - David E Romanin
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Fossati
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Docena
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wong SS, Quan Toh Z, Dunne EM, Mulholland EK, Tang MLK, Robins-Browne RM, Licciardi PV, Satzke C. Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae adherence to human epithelial cells in vitro by the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:135. [PMID: 23561014 PMCID: PMC3641997 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colonization of the nasopharynx by Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered a prerequisite for pneumococcal infections such as pneumonia and otitis media. Probiotic bacteria can influence disease outcomes through various mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen colonization. Here, we examine the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on S. pneumoniae colonization of human epithelial cells using an in vitro model. We investigated the effects of LGG administered before, at the same time as, or after the addition of S. pneumoniae on the adherence of four pneumococcal isolates. Results LGG significantly inhibited the adherence of all the pneumococcal isolates tested. The magnitude of inhibition varied with LGG dose, time of administration, and the pneumococcal isolate used. Inhibition was most effective when a higher dose of LGG was administered prior to establishment of pneumococcal colonization. Mechanistic studies showed that LGG binds to epithelial cells but does not affect pneumococcal growth or viability. Administration of LGG did not lead to any significant changes in host cytokine responses. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that LGG can inhibit pneumococcal colonization of human epithelial cells in vitro and suggest that probiotics could be used clinically to prevent the establishment of pneumococcal carriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-San Wong
- Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhowmick S, Chatterjee D, Chaudhuri K. Human epithelial cells stimulated with Vibrio cholerae produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin and promote dendritic cell-mediated inflammatory Th2 response. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1779-90. [PMID: 22750414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae induces acute inflammatory response at intestinal epithelial surface; the underlying cellular immune mechanisms for such effects are largely unexplored. Mucosal immune response is controlled by crosstalk between the intestinal epithelial cells (ECs) and dendritic cells (DCs). An EC-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been found a critical regulator of several human inflammatory conditions. TSLP is highly elevated in ECs stimulated with V. cholerae and its recombinant flagellin (rFlaA). V. cholerae treated human ECs produce DC-attracting chemokine MIP-3α (CCL20). Flagellin, a potent V. cholerae factor was responsible for maximum stimulation of epithelial CCL20 production and subsequent DC activation. Activated DCs express high levels of costimulatory molecules and secrete inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Bacteria stimulated ECs conditioned DCs to produce Th2 cell-attracting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. TSLP and other mediators present in the V. cholerae stimulated EC-culture filtrate potently activated DCs, which subsequently primed CD4(+)T cells to differentiate into T helper type 2 (Th2) cells that produce high amounts of IL-4, IL-13 and TNF-α and low IFN-γ. TSLP-induced proinflammatory response in DCs involved the transcriptional mechanisms, MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) and STAT3 activation. This study suggests TSLP and other mediators released from ECs in response to V. cholerae colonization actively influence DCs in initiating inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhowmick
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee SK, Yang KM, Cheon JH, Kim TI, Kim WH. Anti-inflammatory Mechanism ofLactobacillus rhamnosus GGin Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HT-29 Cell. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 60:86-93. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2012.60.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kil Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wagar L, Champagne C, Buckley N, Raymond Y, Green-Johnson J. Immunomodulatory Properties of Fermented Soy and Dairy Milks Prepared with Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Food Sci 2009; 74:M423-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|