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Boyer JC, Véry AA, Fristot E, Guyot V, Sentenac H, Peltier JB. Cell-free expressed uniporter and symporter systems from the plant HKT transporter family display channel-like gating and unitary conductances. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38992953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Boyer
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Elsa Fristot
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Valentin Guyot
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Peltier
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, CEDEX 2, Montpellier, 34060, France
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2
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Wang X, Shen X, Qu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Yang F, Shen H. Structural insights into ion selectivity and transport mechanisms of Oryza sativa HKT2;1 and HKT2;2/1 transporters. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:633-644. [PMID: 38570642 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of Na+ and K+ ions in plants, thereby influencing plant growth under K+-depleted conditions and enhancing tolerance to salinity stress. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Oryza sativa HKT2;1 and HKT2;2/1 at overall resolutions of 2.5 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. Both transporters adopt a dimeric assembly, with each protomer enclosing an ion permeation pathway. Comparison between the selectivity filters of the two transporters reveals the critical roles of Ser88/Gly88 and Val243/Gly243 in determining ion selectivity. A constriction site along the ion permeation pathway is identified, consisting of Glu114, Asn273, Pro392, Pro393, Arg525, Lys517 and the carboxy-terminal Trp530 from the neighbouring protomer. The linker between domains II and III adopts a stable loop structure oriented towards the constriction site, potentially participating in the gating process. Electrophysiological recordings, yeast complementation assays and molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the functional importance of these structural features. Our findings provide crucial insights into the ion selectivity and transport mechanisms of plant HKTs, offering valuable structural templates for developing new salinity-tolerant cultivars and strategies to increase crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yannan Qu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Huaizong Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Zhao J, Meng X, Zhang Z, Wang M, Nie F, Liu Q. OsLPR5 Encoding Ferroxidase Positively Regulates the Tolerance to Salt Stress in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098115. [PMID: 37175822 PMCID: PMC10179522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress that harms rice growth and productivity. Low phosphate roots (LPRs) play a central role in Pi deficiency-mediated inhibition of primary root growth and have ferroxidase activity. However, the function of LPRs in salt stress response and tolerance in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that the OsLPR5 was induced by NaCl stress and positively regulates the tolerance to salt stress in rice. Under NaCl stress, overexpression of OsLPR5 led to increased ferroxidase activity, more green leaves, higher levels of chlorophyll and lower MDA contents compared with the WT. In addition, OsLPR5 could promote the accumulation of cell osmotic adjustment substances and promote ROS-scavenging enzyme activities. Conversely, the mutant lpr5 had a lower ferroxidase activity and suffered severe damage under salt stress. Moreover, knock out of OsLPR5 caused excessive Na+ levels and Na+/K+ ratios. Taken together, our results exemplify a new molecular link between ferroxidase and salt stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xin Meng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhaonian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fanhao Nie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingpo Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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4
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Song J, Yang H, Qiao C, Zhu C, Bai T, Du H, Ma S, Wang N, Luo C, Zhang Y, Ma T, Li P, Tian L. Natural variations of chlorophyll fluorescence and ion transporter genes influenced the differential response of japonica rice germplasm with different salt tolerances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1095929. [PMID: 37008489 PMCID: PMC10063860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1095929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity seriously restricts rice growth, development, and production globally. Chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content reflect the level of injury and resistance of rice under salt stress. To understand the differences in the response mechanisms of japonica rice with varying degrees of salt tolerance, we analyzed the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and ion homeostasis of 12 japonica rice germplasm accessions by comprehensive evaluation of phenotype, haplotype, and expression of salt tolerance-related genes. The results revealed that salt-sensitive accessions were rapidly affected by the damage due to salinity. Salt tolerance score (STS) and relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD) were extremely significantly reduced (p<0.01), and chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasis were influenced by various degrees under salt stress. The STS, RSPAD, and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of salt-tolerant accessions (STA) were significantly higher than that of salt-sensitive accessions (SSA). Principal component analysis (PCA) with 13 indices suggested three principal components (PCs), with a cumulative contribution rate of 90.254%, which were used to screen Huangluo (typical salt-tolerant germplasm) and Shanfuliya (typical salt-sensitive germplasm) based on the comprehensive evaluation D-value (DCI ). The expression characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence genes (OsABCI7 and OsHCF222) and ion transporter protein genes (OsHKT1;5, OsHKT2;1, OsHAK21, OsAKT2, OsNHX1, and OsSOS1) were analyzed. The expressions of these genes were higher in Huangluo than in Shanfuliya under salt stress. Haplotype analysis revealed four key variations associated with salt tolerance, including an SNP (+1605 bp) within OsABCI7 exon, an SSR (-1231 bp) within OsHAK21 promoter, an indel site at OsNHX1 promoter (-822 bp), and an SNP (-1866 bp) within OsAKT2 promoter. Variation in OsABCI7 protein structure and differential expression of these three ion-transporter genes may contribute to the differential response of japonica rice to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chengbin Qiao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tianliang Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuaiguo Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Agricultural College, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinxia Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tianli Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peifu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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5
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Sun T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wei Q, Zhou B. Transcriptional and metabolic responses of apple to different potassium environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131708. [PMID: 36968411 PMCID: PMC10036783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is one of the most important macronutrients for plant development and growth. The influence mechanism of different potassium stresses on the molecular regulation and metabolites of apple remains largely unknown. In this research, physiological, transcriptome, and metabolite analyses were compared under different K conditions in apple seedlings. The results showed that K deficiency and excess conditions influenced apple phenotypic characteristics, soil plant analytical development (SPAD) values, and photosynthesis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) content were regulated by different K stresses. Transcriptome analysis indicated that there were 2,409 and 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in apple leaves and roots under K deficiency conditions in addition to 1,393 and 1,205 DEGs in apple leaves and roots under potassium excess conditions, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the DEGs were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction metabolite biosynthetic processes in response to different K conditions. There were 527 and 166 differential metabolites (DMAs) in leaves and roots under low-K stress as well as 228 and 150 DMAs in apple leaves and roots under high-K stress, respectively. Apple plants regulate carbon metabolism and the flavonoid pathway to respond to low-K and high-K stresses. This study provides a basis for understanding the metabolic processes underlying different K responses and provides a foundation to improve the utilization efficiency of K in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Minji Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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6
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Jian G, Mo Y, Hu Y, Huang Y, Ren L, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhou S, Liu G, Guo J, Ling Y. Variety-Specific Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Regulations Modulate Salt Tolerance in Rice from Early Stage of Stress. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:56. [PMID: 36326968 PMCID: PMC9633917 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress poses physiological drought, ionic toxicity and oxidative stress to plants, which causes premature senescence and death of the leaves if the stress sustained. Salt tolerance varied between different rice varieties, but how different rice varieties respond at the early stage of salt stress has been seldom studied comprehensively. By employing third generation sequencing technology, we compared gene expressional changes in leaves of three rice varieties that varied in their level of tolerance after salt stress treatment for 6 h. Commonly up-regulated genes in all rice varieties were related to water shortage response and carbon and amino acids metabolism at the early stage of salt stress, while reactive oxygen species cleavage genes were induced more in salt-tolerant rice. Unexpectedly, genes involved in chloroplast development and photosynthesis were more significantly down-regulated in the two salt tolerant rice varieties 'C34' and 'Nona Bokra'. At the same time, genes coding ribosomal protein were suppressed to a more severe extent in the salt-sensitive rice variety 'IR29'. Interestingly, not only variety-specific gene transcriptional regulation, but also variety-specific mRNA alternative splicing, on both coding and long-noncoding genes, were found at the early stage of salt stress. In summary, differential regulation in gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, determine and fine-tune the observed response in level of damage in leaves of specific rice genotypes at early stage of salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Jian
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujian Mo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqiao Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2019, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfu Guo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ling
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China.
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Chen G, Xuan W, Zhao P, Yao X, Peng C, Tian Y, Ye J, Wang B, He J, Chi W, Yu J, Ge Y, Li J, Dai Z, Xu D, Wang C, Wan J. OsTUB1 confers salt insensitivity by interacting with Kinesin13A to stabilize microtubules and ion transporters in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1836-1852. [PMID: 35643887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Although microtubule (MT) organization is known to be involved in response to salt stress, few tubulin genes have been identified that confer salt insensitivity in plants. In this study, we identified a MT encoding gene, OsTUB1, that increased the survival rate of rice plants under salt stress by stabilizing MT organization and ion transporters. We found that OsTUB1 interacted with Kinesin13A protein, which was essential for OsTUB1-regulated MT organization under salt stress. Further molecular evidence revealed that a OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex protected rice from salt stress by sustaining membrane-localized Na+ transporter OsHKT1;5, a key regulator of ionic homeostasis. Our results shed light on the function of tubulin and kinesin in regulating MT organization and stabilizing Na+ transporters and Na+ flux at the plasma membrane in rice. The identification of the OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex provides novel genes for salt insensitivity rice breeding in areas with high soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pingzhi Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenchao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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8
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Rasheed A, Li H, Nawaz M, Mahmood A, Hassan MU, Shah AN, Hussain F, Azmat S, Gillani SFA, Majeed Y, Qari SH, Wu Z. Molecular tools, potential frontiers for enhancing salinity tolerance in rice: A critical review and future prospective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:966749. [PMID: 35968147 PMCID: PMC9366114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.966749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of salinity tolerance in rice can minimize the stress-induced yield losses. Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of Asia's most widely consumed crops, native to the subtropical regions, and is generally associated with sensitivity to salinity stress episodes. Salt-tolerant rice genotypes have been developed using conventional breeding methods; however, the success ratio is limited because of the complex nature of the trait and the high cost of development. The narrow genetic base of rice limited the success of conventional breeding methods. Hence, it is critical to launch the molecular tools for screening rice novel germplasm for salt-tolerant genes. In this regard, the latest molecular techniques like quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genetic engineering (GE), transcription factors (TFs) analysis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are reliable for incorporating the salt tolerance in rice at the molecular level. Large-scale use of these potent genetic approaches leads to identifying and editing several genes/alleles, and QTL/genes are accountable for holding the genetic mechanism of salinity tolerance in rice. Continuous breeding practices resulted in a huge decline in rice genetic diversity, which is a great worry for global food security. However, molecular breeding tools are the only way to conserve genetic diversity by exploring wild germplasm for desired genes in salt tolerance breeding programs. In this review, we have compiled the logical evidences of successful applications of potent molecular tools for boosting salinity tolerance in rice, their limitations, and future prospects. This well-organized information would assist future researchers in understanding the genetic improvement of salinity tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Humanity and Public Administration, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz Hussain
- Directorate of Agronomy, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azmat
- Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Extension and Adaptive Research, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Zhang MX, Bai R, Nan M, Ren W, Wang CM, Shabala S, Zhang JL. Evaluation of salt tolerance of oat cultivars and the mechanism of adaptation to salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153708. [PMID: 35504119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a threat to agricultural production worldwide. Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an irreplaceable crop in areas with fragile ecological conditions. However, there is a lack of research on salt tolerance evaluation of oat germplasm resources. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the salt tolerance of oat cultivars and investigate the mechanism of salt-tolerant oat cultivars' adaptation to salinity. Salt tolerance of 100 oat cultivars was evaluated, and then two salt-tolerant cultivars and two salt-sensitive cultivars were used to compare their physiological responses and expression patterns of Na+- and K+-transport-related genes under salinity. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis had good predictability for salt tolerance evaluation of oat and other crops. The 100 oat cultivars were clustered into three categories, with three salt tolerance levels. Under saline condition, salt-tolerant cultivars maintained higher growth rate, leaf cell membrane integrity, and osmotic adjustment capability via enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and accumulating more osmotic regulators. Furthermore, salt-tolerant cultivars had stronger capability to restrict root Na + uptake through reducing AsAKT1 and AsHKT2;1 expression, exclude more Na+ from root through increasing AsSOS1 expression, compartmentalize more Na + into root vacuoles through increasing AsNHX1 and AsVATP-P1 expression, and absorb more K+ through increasing AsKUP1 expression, compared with salt-sensitive cultivars. The evaluation procedure developed in this work can be applied for screening cereal crop cultivars with higher salt tolerance, and the elucidated mechanism of oat adaptation to salinity lays a foundation for identifying more functional genes related to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Nan
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, PR China; School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering, Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Shahzad B, Rehman A, Tanveer M, Wang L, Park SK, Ali A. Salt Stress in Brassica: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Management. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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11
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Johnson R, Vishwakarma K, Hossen MS, Kumar V, Shackira AM, Puthur JT, Abdi G, Sarraf M, Hasanuzzaman M. Potassium in plants: Growth regulation, signaling, and environmental stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:56-69. [PMID: 35032888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential element for the growth and development of plants; however, its scarcity or excessive level leads to distortion of numerous functions in plants. It takes part in the control of various significant functions in plant advancement. Because of the importance index, K is regarded second after nitrogen for whole plant growth. Approximately, higher than 60 enzymes are reliant on K for activation within the plant system, in which K plays a vital function as a regulator. Potassium provides assistance in plants against abiotic stress conditions in the environment. With this background, the present paper reviews the physiological functions of K in plants like stomatal regulation, photosynthesis and water uptake. The article also focuses upon the uptake and transport mechanisms of K along with its role in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and in conferring tolerance to plants against abiotic stresses. It also highlights the research progress made in the direction of K mediated signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Johnson
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | | | - Md Shahadat Hossen
- Independent Researcher, C/O: Prof. Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, 182144, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarraf
- Department of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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12
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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13
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Ali A, Raddatz N, Pardo JM, Yun D. HKT sodium and potassium transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana and related halophyte species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:546-558. [PMID: 32652584 PMCID: PMC8048799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High salinity induces osmotic stress and often leads to sodium ion-specific toxicity, with inhibitory effects on physiological, biochemical and developmental pathways. To cope with increased Na+ in soil water, plants restrict influx, compartmentalize ions into vacuoles, export excess Na+ from the cell, and distribute ions between the aerial and root organs. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT) contribute to salinity tolerance, focusing on HKT1-like family members primarily involved in long-distance transport, and in the recent research in the model plant Arabidopsis and its halophytic counterparts of the Eutrema genus. Functional characterization of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway and HKT1-type transporters in these species indicate that they utilize similar approaches to deal with salinity, regardless of their tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Institute of Glocal Disease ControlKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Dae‐Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
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14
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Plant HKT Channels: An Updated View on Structure, Function and Gene Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041892. [PMID: 33672907 PMCID: PMC7918770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HKT channels are a plant protein family involved in sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) uptake and Na+-K+ homeostasis. Some HKTs underlie salt tolerance responses in plants, while others provide a mechanism to cope with short-term K+ shortage by allowing increased Na+ uptake under K+ starvation conditions. HKT channels present a functionally versatile family divided into two classes, mainly based on a sequence polymorphism found in the sequences underlying the selectivity filter of the first pore loop. Physiologically, most class I members function as sodium uniporters, and class II members as Na+/K+ symporters. Nevertheless, even within these two classes, there is a high functional diversity that, to date, cannot be explained at the molecular level. The high complexity is also reflected at the regulatory level. HKT expression is modulated at the level of transcription, translation, and functionality of the protein. Here, we summarize and discuss the structure and conservation of the HKT channel family from algae to angiosperms. We also outline the latest findings on gene expression and the regulation of HKT channels.
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15
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Lal SK, Lakra N, Mehta S, Shabek N, Narayan OP. Plant mineral transport systems and the potential for crop improvement. PLANTA 2021; 253:45. [PMID: 33483879 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient transporter genes could be a potential candidate for improving crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. The world's food supply is nearing a crisis in meeting the demands of an ever-growing global population, and an increase in both yield and nutrient value of major crops is vitally necessary to meet the increased population demand. Nutrients play an important role in plant metabolism as well as growth and development, and nutrient deficiency results in retarded plant growth and leads to reduced crop yield. A variety of cellular processes govern crop plant nutrient absorption from the soil. Among these, nutrient membrane transporters play an important role in the acquisition of nutrients from soil and transport of these nutrients to their target sites. In addition, as excess nutrient delivery has toxic effects on plant growth, these membrane transporters also play a significant role in the removal of excess nutrients in the crop plant. The key function provided by membrane transporters is the ability to supply the crop plant with an adequate level of tolerance against environmental stresses, such as soil acidity, alkalinity, salinity, drought, and pathogen attack. Membrane transporter genes have been utilized for the improvement of crop plants, with enhanced nutrient uptake leading to increased crop yield by providing tolerance against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms of nutrient transport in crop plants could facilitate the advanced design of engineered plant crops to achieve increased yield and improve nutrient quality through the use of genetic technologies as well as molecular breeding. This review is focused on nutrient toxicity and tolerance mechanisms in crop plants to aid in understanding and addressing the anticipated global food demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhimanyu Jogawat
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS HAU, Hisar, India
| | - Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Wei H, Wang X, He Y, Xu H, Wang L. Clock component OsPRR73 positively regulates rice salt tolerance by modulating OsHKT2;1-mediated sodium homeostasis. EMBO J 2020; 40:e105086. [PMID: 33347628 PMCID: PMC7849171 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of clock components in salt stress tolerance remain incompletely characterized in rice. Here, we show that, among OsPRR (Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator) family members, OsPRR73 specifically confers salt tolerance in rice. Notably, the grain size and yield of osprr73 null mutants were significantly decreased in the presence of salt stress, with accumulated higher level of reactive oxygen species and sodium ions. RNA sequencing and biochemical assays identified OsHKT2;1, encoding a plasma membrane-localized Na+ transporter, as a transcriptional target of OsPRR73 in mediating salt tolerance. Correspondingly, null mutants of OsHKT2;1 displayed an increased tolerance to salt stress. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) assays further identified HDAC10 as nuclear interactor of OsPRR73 and co-repressor of OsHKT2;1. Consistently, H3K9ac histone marks at OsHKT2;1 promoter regions were significantly reduced in osprr73 mutant. Together, our findings reveal that salt-induced OsPRR73 expression confers salt tolerance by recruiting HDAC10 to transcriptionally repress OsHKT2;1, thus reducing cellular Na+ accumulation. This exemplifies a new molecular link between clock components and salt stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Huang L, Wu DZ, Zhang GP. Advances in studies on ion transporters involved in salt tolerance and breeding crop cultivars with high salt tolerance. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:426-441. [PMID: 32478490 PMCID: PMC7306632 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a global major abiotic stress threatening crop productivity. In salty conditions, plants may suffer from osmotic, ionic, and oxidative stresses, resulting in inhibition of growth and development. To deal with these stresses, plants have developed a series of tolerance mechanisms, including osmotic adjustment through accumulating compatible solutes in the cytoplasm, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging through enhancing the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, and Na+/K+ homeostasis regulation through controlling Na+ uptake and transportation. In this review, recent advances in studies of the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants are described in relation to the ionome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, and the main factor accounting for differences in salt tolerance among plant species or genotypes within a species is presented. We also discuss the application and roles of different breeding methodologies in developing salt-tolerant crop cultivars. In particular, we describe the advantages and perspectives of genome or gene editing in improving the salt tolerance of crops.
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18
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Multiple High-Affinity K + Transporters and ABC Transporters Involved in K + Uptake/Transport in the Potassium-Hyperaccumulator Plant Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040470. [PMID: 32276334 PMCID: PMC7238005 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is an important essential element for plant growth and development. Long-term potassium deprivation can lead to a severe deficiency phenotype in plants. Interestingly, Phytolacca acinosa is a plant with an unusually high potassium content and can grow well and complete its lifecycle even in severely potassium deficient soil. In this study, we found that its stems and leaves were the main tissues for high potassium accumulation, and P. acinosa showed a strong ability of K+ absorption in roots and a large capability of potassium accumulation in shoots. Analysis of plant growth and physiological characteristics indicated that P. acinosa had an adaptability in a wide range of external potassium levels. To reveal the mechanism of K+ uptake and transport in the potassium-hyperaccumulator plant P. acinosa, K+ uptake-/transport-related genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing, and their expression profiles were compared between K+ starved plants and normal cultured plants. Eighteen members of HAK/KT/KUPs, ten members of AKTs, and one member of HKT were identified in P. acinosa. Among them, six HAKs, and two AKTs and PaHKT1 showed significantly different expression. These transporters might be coordinatively involved in K+ uptake/transport in P. acinosa and lead to high potassium accumulation in plant tissues. In addition, significantly changed expression of some ABC transporters indicated that ABC transporters might be important for K+ uptake and transport in P. acinosa under low K+ concentrations.
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19
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Raddatz N, Morales de los Ríos L, Lindahl M, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM. Coordinated Transport of Nitrate, Potassium, and Sodium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32211003 PMCID: PMC7067972 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) and nitrogen (N) are essential nutrients, and their absorption and distribution within the plant must be coordinated for optimal growth and development. Potassium is involved in charge balance of inorganic and organic anions and macromolecules, control of membrane electrical potential, pH homeostasis and the regulation of cell osmotic pressure, whereas nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrate (NO3 -) is often the primary nitrogen source, but it also serves as a signaling molecule to the plant. Nitrate regulates root architecture, stimulates shoot growth, delays flowering, regulates abscisic acid-independent stomata opening, and relieves seed dormancy. Plants can sense K+/NO3 - levels in soils and adjust accordingly the uptake and root-to-shoot transport to balance the distribution of these ions between organs. On the other hand, in small amounts sodium (Na+) is categorized as a "beneficial element" for plants, mainly as a "cheap" osmolyte. However, at high concentrations in the soil, Na+ can inhibit various physiological processes impairing plant growth. Hence, plants have developed specific mechanisms to transport, sense, and respond to a variety of Na+ conditions. Sodium is taken up by many K+ transporters, and a large proportion of Na+ ions accumulated in shoots appear to be loaded into the xylem by systems that show nitrate dependence. Thus, an adequate supply of mineral nutrients is paramount to reduce the noxious effects of salts and to sustain crop productivity under salt stress. In this review, we will focus on recent research unraveling the mechanisms that coordinate the K+-NO3 -; Na+-NO3 -, and K+-Na+ transports, and the regulators controlling their uptake and allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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20
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Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M, Horie T, Shabala S. Doing 'business as usual' comes with a cost: evaluating energy cost of maintaining plant intracellular K + homeostasis under saline conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1097-1104. [PMID: 30993727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of agricultural lands is a major threat to agriculture. Many different factors affect and determine plant salt tolerance. Nonetheless, there is a consensus on the relevance of maintaining an optimal cytosolic potassium : sodium ion (K+ : Na+ ) ratio for salinity tolerance in plants. This ratio depends on the operation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters. In the present review we focus on some aspects related to the energetic cost of maintaining that K+ : Na+ ratio. One of the factors that affect the cost of the first step of K+ acquisition - root K+ uptake through High Affinity K+ transporter and Arabidopsis K+ transport system 1 transport systems - is the value of the plasma membrane potential of root cells, a parameter that may differ amongst plant species. In addition to its role in nutrition, cytosolic K+ also is important for signalling, and K+ efflux through gated outward-rectifying K+ and nonselective cation channels can be regarded as a switch to redirect energy towards defence reactions. In maintaining cytosolic K+ , the great buffer capacity of the vacuole should be considered. The possible role of high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT)2s in mediating K+ uptake under saline conditions and the importance of cycling of K+ throughout the plant also are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rubio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528041, China
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21
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Hartley TN, Thomas AS, Maathuis FJM. A role for the OsHKT 2;1 sodium transporter in potassium use efficiency in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:699-706. [PMID: 30854552 PMCID: PMC6946003 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the potassium use efficiency (KUE) of crops is important for agricultural sustainability. However, a greater understanding of this complex trait is required to develop new, high-KUE cultivars. To this end, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was applied to diverse rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes grown under potassium-stressed and -replete conditions. Using high-stringency criteria, the genetic architecture of KUE was uncovered, together with the breadth of physiological responses to low-potassium stress. Specifically, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, which contained >90 candidate genes. Of these, the sodium transporter gene OsHKT2;1 emerged as a key factor that impacts on KUE based on (i) the correlation between shoot Na+ and KUE, and (ii) higher levels of HKT2;1 expression in high-KUE lines.
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22
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Hmidi D, Messedi D, Corratgï-Faillie C, Marhuenda TO, Fizames CC, Zorrig W, Abdelly C, Sentenac H, Vï Ry AAN. Investigation of Na+ and K+ Transport in Halophytes: Functional Analysis of the HmHKT2;1 Transporter from Hordeum maritimum and Expression under Saline Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2423-2435. [PMID: 31292634 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Control of K+ and Na+ transport plays a central role in plant adaptation to salinity. In the halophyte Hordeum maritimum, we have characterized a transporter gene, named HmHKT2;1, whose homolog HvHKT2;1 in cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, was known to give rise to increased salt tolerance when overexpressed. The encoded protein is strictly identical in two H. maritimum ecotypes, from two biotopes (Tunisian sebkhas) affected by different levels of salinity. These two ecotypes were found to display distinctive responses to salt stress in terms of biomass production, Na+ contents, K+ contents and K+ absorption efficiency. Electrophysiological analysis of HmHKT2;1 in Xenopus oocytes revealed distinctive properties when compared with HvHKT2;1 and other transporters from the same group, especially a much higher affinity for both Na+ and K+, and an Na+-K+ symporter behavior in a very broad range of Na+ and K+ concentrations, due to reduced K+ blockage of the transport pathway. Domain swapping experiments identified the region including the fifth transmembrane segment and the adjacent extracellular loop as playing a major role in the determination of the affinity for Na+ and the level of K+ blockage in these HKT2;1 transporters. The analysis (quantitative reverse transcription-PCR; qRT-PCR) of HmHKT2;1 expression in the two ecotypes submitted to saline conditions revealed that the levels of HmHKT2;1 transcripts were maintained constant in the most salt-tolerant ecotype whereas they decreased in the less tolerant one. Both the unique functional properties of HmHKT2;1 and the regulation of the expression of the encoding gene could contribute to H. maritimum adaptation to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsaf Hmidi
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Messedi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Claire Corratgï-Faillie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thï O Marhuenda
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Cï Cile Fizames
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extr�mophiles, BP 901, Centre de Biotechnologie, Technopole de Borj C�dria, HammamLif, Tunisia
| | - Hervï Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne-Aliï Nor Vï Ry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Mol�culaire des Plantes, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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Park YC, Lim SD, Moon JC, Jang CS. A rice really interesting new gene H2-type E3 ligase, OsSIRH2-14, enhances salinity tolerance via ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation of salt-related proteins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3061-3076. [PMID: 31325169 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a deleterious abiotic stress factor that affects growth, productivity, and physiology of crop plants. Strategies for improving salinity tolerance in plants are critical for crop breeding programmes. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) really interesting new gene (RING) H2-type E3 ligase, OsSIRH2-14 (previously named OsRFPH2-14), which plays a positive role in salinity tolerance by regulating salt-related proteins including an HKT-type Na+ transporter (OsHKT2;1). OsSIRH2-14 expression was induced in root and shoot tissues treated with NaCl. The OsSIRH2-14-EYFP fusion protein was predominately expressed in the cytoplasm, Golgi, and plasma membrane of rice protoplasts. In vitro pull-down assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays revealed that OsSIRH2-14 interacts with salt-related proteins, including OsHKT2;1. OsSIRH2-14 E3 ligase regulates OsHKT2;1 via the 26S proteasome system under high NaCl concentrations but not under normal conditions. Compared with wild type plants, OsSIRH2-14-overexpressing rice plants showed significantly enhanced salinity tolerance and reduced Na+ accumulation in the aerial shoot and root tissues. These results suggest that the OsSIRH2-14 RING E3 ligase positively regulates the salinity stress response by modulating the stability of salt-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Park
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Cheol Moon
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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Adaptation of Plants to Salt Stress: Characterization of Na+ and K+ Transporters and Role of CBL Gene Family in Regulating Salt Stress Response. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most serious factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops, with adverse effects on germination, plant vigor, and crop yield. This salinity may be natural or induced by agricultural activities such as irrigation or the use of certain types of fertilizer. The most detrimental effect of salinity stress is the accumulation of Na+ and Cl− ions in tissues of plants exposed to soils with high NaCl concentrations. The entry of both Na+ and Cl− into the cells causes severe ion imbalance, and excess uptake might cause significant physiological disorder(s). High Na+ concentration inhibits the uptake of K+, which is an element for plant growth and development that results in lower productivity and may even lead to death. The genetic analyses revealed K+ and Na+ transport systems such as SOS1, which belong to the CBL gene family and play a key role in the transport of Na+ from the roots to the aerial parts in the Arabidopsis plant. In this review, we mainly discuss the roles of alkaline cations K+ and Na+, Ion homeostasis-transport determinants, and their regulation. Moreover, we tried to give a synthetic overview of soil salinity, its effects on plants, and tolerance mechanisms to withstand stress.
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25
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Pandey A, Khan MK, Hakki EE, Gezgin S, Hamurcu M. Combined Boron Toxicity and Salinity Stress-An Insight into Its Interaction in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E364. [PMID: 31547605 PMCID: PMC6843824 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuously changing environment has intensified the occurrence of abiotic stress conditions. Individually, boron (B) toxicity and salinity stress are well recognized as severe stress conditions for plants. However, their coexistence in arid and semi-arid agricultural regions has shown ambiguous effects on plant growth and development. Few studies have reported that combined boron toxicity and high salinity stress have more damaging effects on plant growth than individual B and salt stress, while other studies have highlighted less damaging effects of the combined stress. Hence, it is interesting to understand the positive interaction of this combined stress so that it can be effectively employed for the improvement of crops that generally show the negative effects of this combined stress. In this review, we discussed the possible processes that occur in plants in response to this combined stress condition. We highly suggest that the combined B and salinity stress condition should be considered as a novel stress condition by researchers; hence, we recommend the name "BorSal" for this combined boron toxicity and high salinity state in the soil. Membrane-bound activities, mobility of ions, water transport, pH changes, transpiration, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, and different molecular transporters are involved in the effects of BorSal interaction in plants. The discussed mechanisms indicate that the BorSal stress state should be studied in light of the involved physiological and molecular processes that occur after B and salt interaction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mohd Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Erdogan Esref Hakki
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Sait Gezgin
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Konya 42079, Turkey.
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Riedelsberger J, Vergara-Jaque A, Piñeros M, Dreyer I, González W. An extracellular cation coordination site influences ion conduction of OsHKT2;2. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:316. [PMID: 31307394 PMCID: PMC6632200 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HKT channels mediate sodium uniport or sodium and potassium symport in plants. Monocotyledons express a higher number of HKT proteins than dicotyledons, and it is only within this clade of HKT channels that cation symport mechanisms are found. The prevailing ion composition in the extracellular medium affects the transport abilities of various HKT channels by changing their selectivity or ion transport rates. How this mutual effect is achieved at the molecular level is still unknown. Here, we built a homology model of the monocotyledonous OsHKT2;2, which shows sodium and potassium symport activity. We performed molecular dynamics simulations in the presence of sodium and potassium ions to investigate the mutual effect of cation species. RESULTS By analyzing ion-protein interactions, we identified a cation coordination site on the extracellular protein surface, which is formed by residues P71, D75, D501 and K504. Proline and the two aspartate residues coordinate cations, while K504 forms salt bridges with D75 and D501 and may be involved in the forwarding of cations towards the pore entrance. Functional validation via electrophysiological experiments confirmed the biological relevance of the predicted ion coordination site and identified K504 as a central key residue. Mutation of the cation coordinating residues affected the functionality of HKT only slightly. Additional in silico mutants and simulations of K504 supported experimental results. CONCLUSION We identified an extracellular cation coordination site, which is involved in ion coordination and influences the conduction of OsHKT2;2. This finding proposes a new viewpoint in the discussion of how the mutual effect of variable ion species may be achieved in HKT channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariela Vergara-Jaque
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Piñeros
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy González
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
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27
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Neang S, de Ocampo M, Egdane JA, Platten JD, Ismail AM, Skoulding NS, Kano-Nakata M, Yamauchi A, Mitsuya S. Fundamental parenchyma cells are involved in Na + and Cl - removal ability in rice leaf sheath. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:743-755. [PMID: 31046903 DOI: 10.1071/fp18318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salt sensitivity in rice plants is associated with the accumulated amount of Na+ and Cl- in shoots and, more significantly, in photosynthetic tissues. Therefore, salt removal ability at the leaf sheath level is an important mechanism of salt tolerance. In the present study we attempted to determine whether rice leaf sheaths excluded Cl- as well as Na+, and to identify the tissues that were involved in the removal ability of both ions. In two rice genotypes, salt-tolerant FL478 and -sensitive IR29, leaf sheaths excluded Na+ and Cl- under NaCl treatment as estimated using their sheath:blade ratios. The sheath:blade ratio of Na+ but not of Cl-, was increased by NaCl treatment. Under NaCl treatment, Na+ concentration was higher in the basal leaf sheath, whereas Cl- concentration was higher in the middle and tip parts. At the tissue level, fundamental parenchyma cells of leaf sheaths retained the highest amounts of Na and Cl when treated with high amount of NaCl. These results imply that the leaf sheath potentially functions to remove excess Na+ and Cl- from xylem vessels in different locations along the axis, with the fundamental parenchyma cells of leaf sheaths being involved in over-accumulation of both Na+ and Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Neang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Marjorie de Ocampo
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - James A Egdane
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - John D Platten
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Abdelbagi M Ismail
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Nicola S Skoulding
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mana Kano-Nakata
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiro Mitsuya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; and Corresponding author.
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28
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Cao Y, Liang X, Yin P, Zhang M, Jiang C. A domestication-associated reduction in K + -preferring HKT transporter activity underlies maize shoot K + accumulation and salt tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:301-317. [PMID: 30461018 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maize was domesticated from Balsas teosinte c. 10 000 yr ago. Previous studies have suggested that increased tolerance to environmental stress occurred during maize domestication. However, the underlying genetic basis remains largely unknown. We used a maize (W22)-teosinte recombinant inbred line (RIL) to investigate the salt wild-type tolerance aspects of maize domestication. We revealed that ZmHKT2 is a major QTL that regulates K+ homeostasis in saline soils. ZmHKT2 encodes a K+ -preferring HKT family transporter and probably reduces shoot K+ content by removing K+ ions from root-to-shoot flowing xylem sap, ZmHKT2 deficiency increases xylem sap and shoot K+ concentrations, and increases salt tolerance. A coding sequence polymorphism in the ZmHKT2W22 allele (SNP389-G) confers an amino acid variant ZmHKT2 that increases xylem sap K+ concentration, thereby increasing shoot K+ content and salt tolerance. Additional analyses showed that SNP389-G first existed in teosinte (allele frequency 56% in assayed accessions), then swept through the maize population (allele frequency 98%), and that SNP389-G probably underwent positive selection during maize domestication. We conclude that a domestication-associated reduction in K+ transport activity in ZmHKT2 underlies maize shoot K+ content and salt tolerance, and propose that CRISPR-based editing of ZmHKT2 might provide a feasible strategy for improving maize salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Pan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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Ganie SA, Molla KA, Henry RJ, Bhat KV, Mondal TK. Advances in understanding salt tolerance in rice. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:851-870. [PMID: 30759266 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent research on rice salt tolerance in the areas of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and chemical genomics. Salinity is one of the major constraints in rice cultivation globally. Traditionally, rice is a glycophyte except for a few genotypes that have been widely used in salinity tolerance breeding of rice. Both seedling and reproductive stages of rice are considered to be the salt-susceptible stages; however, research efforts have been biased towards improving the understanding of seedling-stage salt tolerance. An extensive literature survey indicated that there have been very few attempts to develop reproductive stage-specific salt tolerance in rice probably due to the lack of salt-tolerant phenotypes at the reproductive stage. Recently, the role of DNA methylation, genome duplication and codon usage bias in salinity tolerance of rice have been studied. Furthermore, the study of exogenous salt stress alleviants in rice has opened up another potential avenue for understanding and improving its salt tolerance. There is a need to not only generate additional genomic resources in the form of salt-responsive QTLs and molecular markers and to characterize the genes and their upstream regulatory regions, but also to use them to gain deep insights into the mechanisms useful for developing tolerant varieties. We analysed the genomic locations of diverse salt-responsive genomic resources and found that rice chromosomes 1-6 possess the majority of these salinity-responsive genomic resources. The review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent research on rice salt tolerance in the areas of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and chemical genomics, which should help in understanding the molecular basis of salinity tolerance and its more effective improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kutubuddin Ali Molla
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - K V Bhat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, IARI Campus, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Tada Y, Endo C, Katsuhara M, Horie T, Shibasaka M, Nakahara Y, Kurusu T. High-Affinity K+ Transporters from a Halophyte, Sporobolus virginicus, Mediate Both K+ and Na+ Transport in Transgenic Arabidopsis, X. laevis Oocytes and Yeast. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:176-187. [PMID: 30325438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Class II high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) have been proposed to mediate Na+-K+ co-transport in plants, as well as Na+ and K+ homeostasis under K+-starved and saline environments. We identified class II HKTs, namely SvHKT2;1 and SvHKT2;2 (SvHKTs), from the halophytic turf grass, Sporobolus virginicus. SvHKT2;2 expression in S. virginicus was up-regulated by NaCl treatment, while SvHKT2;1 expression was assumed to be up-regulated by K+ starvation and down-regulated by NaCl treatment. Localization analysis revealed SvHKTs predominantly targeted the plasma membrane. SvHKTs complemented K+ uptake deficiency in mutant yeast, and showed both inward and outward K+ and Na+ transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes. When constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, SvHKTs mediated K+ and Na+ accumulation in shoots under K+-starved conditions, and the K+ concentration in xylem saps of transformants was also higher than in those of wild-type plants. These results suggest transporter-enhanced K+ and Na+ uploading to the xylem from xylem parenchyma cells. Together, our data demonstrate that SvHKTs mediate both outward and inward K+ and Na+ transport in X. laevis oocytes, and possibly in plant and yeast cells, depending on the ionic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Endo
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mineo Shibasaka
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakahara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Han Y, Yin S, Huang L, Wu X, Zeng J, Liu X, Qiu L, Munns R, Chen ZH, Zhang G. A Sodium Transporter HvHKT1;1 Confers Salt Tolerance in Barley via Regulating Tissue and Cell Ion Homeostasis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1976-1989. [PMID: 29917153 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that high salt tolerance in Tibetan wild barley accessions was associated with HvHKT1;1, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter family. However, molecular mechanisms of HvHKT1;1 for salt tolerance and its roles in K+/Na+ homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Functional characterization of HvHKT1;1 was conducted in the present study. NaCl-induced transcripts of HvHKT1;1 were significantly higher in the roots of Tibetan wild barley XZ16 relative to other genotypes, being closely associated with its higher biomass and lower tissue Na+ content under salt stress. Heterologous expression of HvHKT1;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that HvHKT1;1 had higher selectivity for Na+ over K+ and other monovalent cations. HvHKT1;1 was found to be localized at the cell plasma membrane of root stele and epidermis. Knock-down of HvHKT1;1 in barley led to higher Na+ accumulation in both roots and leaves, while overexpression of HvHKT1;1 in salt-sensitive Arabidopsis hkt1-4 and sos1-12 loss-of-function lines resulted in significantly less shoot and root Na+ accumulation. Additionally, microelectrode ion flux measurements and root elongation assay revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited a remarkable capacity for regulation of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ homeostasis under salt stress. These results indicate that HvHKT1;1 is critical in radial root Na+ transport, which eventually reduces shoot Na+ accumulation. Additionally, HvHKT1;1 may be indirectly involved in retention of K+ and Ca2+ in root cells, which also improves plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Yin
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Wu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zeng
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Qiu
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rana Munns
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology and School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tounsi S, Feki K, Saïdi MN, Maghrebi S, Brini F, Masmoudi K. Promoter of the TmHKT1;4-A1 gene of Triticum monococcum directs stress inducible, developmental regulated and organ specific gene expression in transgenic Arbidopsis thaliana. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:99. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Keisham M, Mukherjee S, Bhatla SC. Mechanisms of Sodium Transport in Plants-Progresses and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E647. [PMID: 29495332 PMCID: PMC5877508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of sodium (Na⁺) influx, effective compartmentalization, and efflux in higher plants is crucial to manipulate Na⁺ accumulation and assure the maintenance of low Na⁺ concentration in the cytosol and, hence, plant tolerance to salt stress. Na⁺ influx across the plasma membrane in the roots occur mainly via nonselective cation channels (NSCCs). Na⁺ is compartmentalized into vacuoles by Na⁺/H⁺ exchangers (NHXs). Na⁺ efflux from the plant roots is mediated by the activity of Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters catalyzed by the salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) protein. In animals, ouabain (OU)-sensitive Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase (a P-type ATPase) mediates sodium efflux. The evolution of P-type ATPases in higher plants does not exclude the possibility of sodium efflux mechanisms similar to the Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase-dependent mechanisms characteristic of animal cells. Using novel fluorescence imaging and spectrofluorometric methodologies, an OU-sensitive sodium efflux system has recently been reported to be physiologically active in roots. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on Na⁺ influx, compartmentalization, and efflux in higher plants in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Keisham
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal 742213, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Jiang Z, Song G, Shan X, Wei Z, Liu Y, Jiang C, Jiang Y, Jin F, Li Y. Association Analysis and Identification of ZmHKT1;5 Variation With Salt-Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1485. [PMID: 30369939 PMCID: PMC6194160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) genes are essential for plant salt stress tolerance. However, there were limited studies on HKTs in maize (Zea mays), and it is basically unknown whether natural sequence variations in these genes are associated with the phenotypic variability of salt tolerance. Here, the characterization of ZmHKT1;5 was reported. Under salt stress, ZmHKT1;5 expression increased strongly in salt-tolerant inbred lines, which accompanied a better-balanced Na+/K+ ratio and preferable plant growth. The association between sequence variations in ZmHKT1;5 and salt tolerance was evaluated in a diverse population comprising 54 maize varieties from different maize production regions of China. Two SNPs (A134G and A511G) in the coding region of ZmHKT1;5 were significantly associated with different salt tolerance levels in maize varieties. In addition, the favorable allele of ZmHKT1; 5 identified in salt tolerant maize varieties effectively endowed plant salt tolerance. Transgenic tobacco plants of overexpressing the favorable allele displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress better than overexpressing the wild type ZmHKT1;5. Our research showed that ZmHKT1;5 expression could effectively enhance salt tolerance by maintaining an optimal Na+/K+ balance and increasing the antioxidant activity that keeps reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a low accumulation level. Especially, the two SNPs in ZmHKT1;5 might be related with new amino acid residues to confer salt tolerance in maize. Key Message: Two SNPs of ZmHKT1;5 related with salt tolerance were identified by association analysis. Overexpressing ZmHKT1;5 in tobaccos showed that the SNPs might enhance its ability to regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangshu Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Shan, Yidan Li,
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengxue Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yidan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Shan, Yidan Li,
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Formentin E, Sudiro C, Perin G, Riccadonna S, Barizza E, Baldoni E, Lavezzo E, Stevanato P, Sacchi GA, Fontana P, Toppo S, Morosinotto T, Zottini M, Lo Schiavo F. Transcriptome and Cell Physiological Analyses in Different Rice Cultivars Provide New Insights Into Adaptive and Salinity Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29556243 PMCID: PMC5844958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity tolerance has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its agricultural importance. Several features, such as the regulation of ionic transporters and metabolic adjustments, have been identified as salt tolerance hallmarks. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the trait, the results achieved to date have met with limited success in improving the salt tolerance of rice plants when tested in the field, thus suggesting that a better understanding of the tolerance mechanisms is still required. In this work, differences between two varieties of rice with contrasting salt sensitivities were revealed by the imaging of photosynthetic parameters, ion content analysis and a transcriptomic approach. The transcriptomic analysis conducted on tolerant plants supported the setting up of an adaptive program consisting of sodium distribution preferentially limited to the roots and older leaves, and in the activation of regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis in the new leaves. As a result, plants resumed grow even under prolonged saline stress. In contrast, in the sensitive variety, RNA-seq analysis revealed a misleading response, ending in senescence and cell death. The physiological response at the cellular level was investigated by measuring the intracellular profile of H2O2 in the roots, using a fluorescent probe. In the roots of tolerant plants, a quick response was observed with an increase in H2O2 production within 5 min after salt treatment. The expression analysis of some of the genes involved in perception, signal transduction and salt stress response confirmed their early induction in the roots of tolerant plants compared to sensitive ones. By inhibiting the synthesis of apoplastic H2O2, a reduction in the expression of these genes was detected. Our results indicate that quick H2O2 signaling in the roots is part of a coordinated response that leads to adaptation instead of senescence in salt-treated rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elide Formentin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elide Formentin,
| | | | - Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Elena Baldoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Fontana
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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AtHKT1 drives adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to salinity by reducing floral sodium content. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007086. [PMID: 29084222 PMCID: PMC5679648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity potassium transporter 1 (AtHKT1) limits the root-to-shoot sodium transportation and is believed to be essential for salt tolerance in A. thaliana. Nevertheless, natural accessions with 'weak allele' of AtHKT1, e.g. Tsu-1, are mainly distributed in saline areas and are more tolerant to salinity. These findings challenge the role of AtHKT1 in salt tolerance and call into question the involvement of AtHKT1 in salinity adaptation in A. thaliana. Here, we report that AtHKT1 indeed drives natural variation in the salt tolerance of A. thaliana and the coastal AtHKT1, so-called weak allele, is actually hyper-functional in reducing flowers sodium content upon salt stress. Our data showed that AtHKT1 positively contributes to saline adaptation in a linear manner. Forward and reverse genetics analysis established that the single AtHKT1 locus is responsible for the variation in the salinity adaptation between Col-0 and Tsu-1. Reciprocal grafting experiments revealed that shoot AtHKT1 determines the salt tolerance of Tsu-1, whereas root AtHKT1 primarily drives the salt tolerance of Col-0. Furthermore, evidence indicated that Tsu-1 AtHKT1 is highly expressed in stems and is more effective compared to Col-0 AtHKT1 at limiting sodium flow to the flowers. Such efficient retrieval of sodium to the reproductive organ endows Tsu-1 with stronger fertility compared to Col-0 upon salt stress, thus improving Tsu-1 adaptation to a coastal environment. To conclude, our data not only confirm the role of AtHKT1 in saline adaptation, but also sheds light on our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanisms in plants.
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Chen L, Liao H. Engineering crop nutrient efficiency for sustainable agriculture. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:710-735. [PMID: 28600834 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yields can provide food, animal feed, bioenergy feedstocks and biomaterials to meet increasing global demand; however, the methods used to increase yield can negatively affect sustainability. For example, application of excess fertilizer can generate and maintain high yields but also increases input costs and contributes to environmental damage through eutrophication, soil acidification and air pollution. Improving crop nutrient efficiency can improve agricultural sustainability by increasing yield while decreasing input costs and harmful environmental effects. Here, we review the mechanisms of nutrient efficiency (primarily for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron) and breeding strategies for improving this trait, along with the role of regulation of gene expression in enhancing crop nutrient efficiency to increase yields. We focus on the importance of root system architecture to improve nutrient acquisition efficiency, as well as the contributions of mineral translocation, remobilization and metabolic efficiency to nutrient utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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38
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Assaha DVM, Ueda A, Saneoka H, Al-Yahyai R, Yaish MW. The Role of Na + and K + Transporters in Salt Stress Adaptation in Glycophytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 28769821 PMCID: PMC5513949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic stress is one of the most important components of salinity and is brought about by excess Na+ accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Since Na+ interferes with K+ homeostasis, and especially given its involvement in numerous metabolic processes, maintaining a balanced cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio has become a key salinity tolerance mechanism. Achieving this homeostatic balance requires the activity of Na+ and K+ transporters and/or channels. The mechanism of Na+ and K+ uptake and translocation in glycophytes and halophytes is essentially the same, but glycophytes are more susceptible to ionic stress than halophytes. The transport mechanisms involve Na+ and/or K+ transporters and channels as well as non-selective cation channels. Thus, the question arises of whether the difference in salt tolerance between glycophytes and halophytes could be the result of differences in the proteins or in the expression of genes coding the transporters. The aim of this review is to seek answers to this question by examining the role of major Na+ and K+ transporters and channels in Na+ and K+ uptake, translocation and intracellular homeostasis in glycophytes. It turns out that these transporters and channels are equally important for the adaptation of glycophytes as they are for halophytes, but differential gene expression, structural differences in the proteins (single nucleotide substitutions, impacting affinity) and post-translational modifications (phosphorylation) account for the differences in their activity and hence the differences in tolerance between the two groups. Furthermore, lack of the ability to maintain stable plasma membrane (PM) potentials following Na+-induced depolarization is also crucial for salt stress tolerance. This stable membrane potential is sustained by the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters such as SOS1 at the PM. Moreover, novel regulators of Na+ and K+ transport pathways including the Nax1 and Nax2 loci regulation of SOS1 expression and activity in the stele, and haem oxygenase involvement in stabilizing membrane potential by activating H+-ATPase activity, favorable for K+ uptake through HAK/AKT1, have been shown and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekoum V. M. Assaha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima, Japan
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
| | - Mahmoud W. Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat, Oman
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Tanveer M, Shah AN. An insight into salt stress tolerance mechanisms of Chenopodium album. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16531-16535. [PMID: 28589277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most dramatic abiotic stresses that induce oxidative and osmotic stress simultaneously. Salt stress is known to be more effective in reducing growth and yield of glycophytes; however, halophytes are able to withstand salt stress. Nonetheless, variability exists among different halophytic plants species from different plant families. Chenopodium album belongs to Chenopodiacea family and is known as weed in many regions of world; however, it is a very interesting halophytic plant. Little research has conducted so far by considering C. album as model plant to study salt stress tolerance mechanisms. This article attempts to compile current literature in order to explain C. album salt stress tolerance mechanism and to highlight the knowledge gap relating to salt stress tolerance mechanism in C. album. Briefly, C. album has remarkable ability of seed dimorphism, sodium exclusion, and potassium retention. C. album further tolerates salt stress by increasing redox potential associated with high production of osmolytes and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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40
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Almeida DM, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:326-345. [PMID: 28350038 PMCID: PMC5452131 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that results in considerable crop yield losses worldwide. However, some plant genotypes show a high tolerance to soil salinity, as they manage to maintain a high K+/Na+ ratio in the cytosol, in contrast to salt stress susceptible genotypes. Although, different plant genotypes show different salt tolerance mechanisms, they all rely on the regulation and function of K+ and Na+ transporters and H+ pumps, which generate the driving force for K+ and Na+ transport. In this review we will introduce salt stress responses in plants and summarize the current knowledge about the most important ion transporters that facilitate intra- and intercellular K+ and Na+ homeostasis in these organisms. We will describe and discuss the regulation and function of the H+-ATPases, H+-PPases, SOS1, HKTs, and NHXs, including the specific tissues where they work and their response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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41
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Mishra S, Singh B, Panda K, Singh BP, Singh N, Misra P, Rai V, Singh NK. Association of SNP Haplotypes of HKT Family Genes with Salt Tolerance in Indian Wild Rice Germplasm. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 35:2295-2308. [PMID: 27025598 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is one of the most important crops for global food security but its productivity is adversely affected by salt stress prevalent in about 30 % of the cultivated land. For developing salt-tolerant rice varieties through conventional breeding or biotechnological interventions, there is an urgent need to identify natural allelic variants that may confer salt tolerance. Here, 299 wild rice accessions collected from different agro-climatic regions of India were evaluated during growth under salt stress. Of these 95 representative accessions were sequenced for members of HKT ion transporter family genes by employing Ion Torrent PGM sequencing platform. RESULTS Haplotype analysis revealed haplotypes H5 and H1 of HKT1;5 and HKT2;3, respectively associated with high salinity tolerance. This is the first study of allele mining of eight members of HKT gene family from Indian wild rice reporting a salt tolerant allele of HKT2;3. HKT1;5 also showed a salt tolerant allele from wild rice. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences showed different grouping of the HKT family genes as compared to the prevailing protein sequence based classification. CONCLUSIONS The salt tolerant alleles of the HKT genes from wild rice may be introgressed into modern high yielding cultivars to widen the existing gene pool and enhance rice production in the salt affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kabita Panda
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikram Pratap Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pragati Misra
- Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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42
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Mishra S, Singh B, Panda K, Singh BP, Singh N, Misra P, Rai V, Singh NK. Association of SNP Haplotypes of HKT Family Genes with Salt Tolerance in Indian Wild Rice Germplasm. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:15. [PMID: 27025598 PMCID: PMC4811800 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is one of the most important crops for global food security but its productivity is adversely affected by salt stress prevalent in about 30 % of the cultivated land. For developing salt-tolerant rice varieties through conventional breeding or biotechnological interventions, there is an urgent need to identify natural allelic variants that may confer salt tolerance. Here, 299 wild rice accessions collected from different agro-climatic regions of India were evaluated during growth under salt stress. Of these 95 representative accessions were sequenced for members of HKT ion transporter family genes by employing Ion Torrent PGM sequencing platform. RESULTS Haplotype analysis revealed haplotypes H5 and H1 of HKT1;5 and HKT2;3, respectively associated with high salinity tolerance. This is the first study of allele mining of eight members of HKT gene family from Indian wild rice reporting a salt tolerant allele of HKT2;3. HKT1;5 also showed a salt tolerant allele from wild rice. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences showed different grouping of the HKT family genes as compared to the prevailing protein sequence based classification. CONCLUSIONS The salt tolerant alleles of the HKT genes from wild rice may be introgressed into modern high yielding cultivars to widen the existing gene pool and enhance rice production in the salt affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kabita Panda
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bikram Pratap Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pragati Misra
- Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Tounsi S, Ben Amar S, Masmoudi K, Sentenac H, Brini F, Véry AA. Characterization of Two HKT1;4 Transporters from Triticum monococcum to Elucidate the Determinants of the Wheat Salt Tolerance Nax1 QTL. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2047-2057. [PMID: 27440547 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TmHKT1;4-A1 and TmHKT1;4-A2 are two Na+ transporter genes that have been identified as associated with the salt tolerance Nax1 locus found in a durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) line issued from a cross with T. monococcum. In the present study, we were interested in getting clues on the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL). By analyzing the phylogenetic relationships between wheat and T. monococcum HKT1;4-type genes, we found that durum and bread wheat genomes possess a close homolog of TmHKT1;4-A1, but no functional close homolog of TmHKT1;4-A2. Furthermore, performing real-time reverse transcription-PCR experiments, we showed that TmHKT1;4-A1 and TmHKT1;4-A2 are similarly expressed in the leaves but that TmHKT1;4-A2 is more strongly expressed in the roots, which would enable it to contribute more to the prevention of Na+ transfer to the shoots upon salt stress. We also functionally characterized the TmHKT1;4-A1 and TmHKT1;4-A2 transporters by expressing them in Xenopus oocytes. The two transporters displayed close functional properties (high Na+/K+ selectivity, low affinity for Na+, stimulation by external K+ of Na+ transport), but differed in some quantitative parameters: Na+ affinity was 3-fold lower and the maximal inward conductance was 3-fold higher in TmHKT1;4-A2 than in TmHKT1;4-A1. The conductance of TmHKT1;4-A2 at high Na+ concentration (>10 mM) was also shown to be higher than that of the two durum wheat HKT1;4-type transporters so far characterized. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that TmHKT1;4-A2 is responsible for the Nax1 trait and provide new insight into the understanding of this QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tounsi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, BP '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Siwar Ben Amar
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, BP '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, BP '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Present address: International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), PO Box 14660, Dubai-United Arab Emirates
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Faiçal Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS)/University of Sfax, BP '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/SupAgro Montpellier/Université Montpellier, Campus SupAgro-INRA, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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Ariyarathna HACK, Francki MG. Phylogenetic relationships and protein modelling revealed two distinct subfamilies of group II HKT genes between crop and model grasses. Genome 2016; 59:509-17. [PMID: 27203707 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular evolution of large protein families in closely related species can provide useful insights on structural functional relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of the grass-specific group II HKT genes identified two distinct subfamilies, I and II. Subfamily II was represented in all species, whereas subfamily I was identified only in the small grain cereals and possibly originated from an ancestral gene duplication post divergence from the coarse grain cereal lineage. The core protein structures were highly analogous despite there being no more than 58% amino acid identity between members of the two subfamilies. Distinctly variable regions in known functional domains, however, indicated functional divergence of the two subfamilies. The subsets of codons residing external to known functional domains predicted signatures of positive Darwinian selection potentially identifying new domains of functional divergence and providing new insights on the structural function and relationships between protein members of the two subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Chandima K Ariyarathna
- a School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.,b State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Michael G Francki
- b State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia.,c Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron Hay Ct, South Perth WA 6151, Australia
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Ariyarathna HACK, Oldach KH, Francki MG. A comparative gene analysis with rice identified orthologous group II HKT genes and their association with Na(+) concentration in bread wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26786911 PMCID: PMC4719669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the HKT transporter genes ascertain some of the key determinants of crop salt tolerance mechanisms, the diversity and functional role of group II HKT genes are not clearly understood in bread wheat. The advanced knowledge on rice HKT and whole genome sequence was, therefore, used in comparative gene analysis to identify orthologous wheat group II HKT genes and their role in trait variation under different saline environments. RESULTS The four group II HKTs in rice identified two orthologous gene families from bread wheat, including the known TaHKT2;1 gene family and a new distinctly different gene family designated as TaHKT2;2. A single copy of TaHKT2;2 was found on each homeologous chromosome arm 7AL, 7BL and 7DL and each gene was expressed in leaf blade, sheath and root tissues under non-stressed and at 200 mM salt stressed conditions. The proteins encoded by genes of the TaHKT2;2 family revealed more than 93% amino acid sequence identity but ≤52% amino acid identity compared to the proteins encoded by TaHKT2;1 family. Specifically, variations in known critical domains predicted functional differences between the two protein families. Similar to orthologous rice genes on chromosome 6L, TaHKT2;1 and TaHKT2;2 genes were located approximately 3 kb apart on wheat chromosomes 7AL, 7BL and 7DL, forming a static syntenic block in the two species. The chromosomal region on 7AL containing TaHKT2;1 7AL-1 co-located with QTL for shoot Na(+) concentration and yield in some saline environments. CONCLUSION The differences in copy number, genes sequences and encoded proteins between TaHKT2;2 homeologous genes and other group II HKT gene families within and across species likely reflect functional diversity for ion selectivity and transport in plants. Evidence indicated that neither TaHKT2;2 nor TaHKT2;1 were associated with primary root Na(+) uptake but TaHKT2;1 may be associated with trait variation for Na(+) exclusion and yield in some but not all saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Chandima K Ariyarathna
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia.
| | - Klaus H Oldach
- South Australia Research Development Institute, Plant Genomics Centre, Waite Research Precinct, Urrbrae, 5064, South Australia.
| | - Michael G Francki
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia.
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, 6151, Western Australia.
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Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez V, Benito B, Rubio F. Comparison between Arabidopsis and Rice for Main Pathways of K(+) and Na(+) Uptake by Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:992. [PMID: 27458473 PMCID: PMC4932104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
K(+) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is acquired by specific uptake systems located in roots. Although the concentrations of K(+) in the soil solution are widely variable, K(+) nutrition is secured by uptake systems that exhibit different affinities for K(+). Two main systems have been described for root K(+) uptake in several species: the high-affinity HAK5-like transporter and the inward-rectifier AKT1-like channel. Other unidentified systems may be also involved in root K(+) uptake, although they only seem to operate when K(+) is not limiting. The use of knock-out lines has allowed demonstrating their role in root K(+) uptake in Arabidopsis and rice. Plant adaptation to the different K(+) supplies relies on the finely tuned regulation of these systems. Low K(+)-induced transcriptional up-regulation of the genes encoding HAK5-like transporters occurs through a signal cascade that includes changes in the membrane potential of root cells and increases in ethylene and reactive oxygen species concentrations. Activation of AKT1 channels occurs through phosphorylation by the CIPK23/CBL1 complex. Recently, activation of the Arabidopsis HAK5 by the same complex has been reported, pointing to CIPK23/CBL as a central regulator of the plant's adaptation to low K(+). Na(+) is not an essential plant nutrient but it may be beneficial for some plants. At low concentrations, Na(+) improves growth, especially under K(+) deficiency. Thus, high-affinity Na(+) uptake systems have been described that belong to the HKT and HAK families of transporters. At high concentrations, typical of saline environments, Na(+) accumulates in plant tissues at high concentrations, producing alterations that include toxicity, water deficit and K(+) deficiency. Data concerning pathways for Na(+) uptake into roots under saline conditions are still scarce, although several possibilities have been proposed. The apoplast is a significant pathway for Na(+) uptake in rice grown under salinity conditions, but in other plant species different mechanisms involving non-selective cation channels or transporters are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2Montpellier, France
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMurcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Rubio,
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Suzuki K, Costa A, Nakayama H, Katsuhara M, Shinmyo A, Horie T. OsHKT2;2/1-mediated Na(+) influx over K(+) uptake in roots potentially increases toxic Na(+) accumulation in a salt-tolerant landrace of rice Nona Bokra upon salinity stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:67-77. [PMID: 26578190 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-015-0764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
HKT transporters are Na(+)-permeable membrane proteins, which mediate Na(+) and K(+) homeostasis in K(+)-depleted and saline environments in plants. Class II HKT transporters, a distinct subgroup found predominantly in monocots, are known to mediate Na(+)-K(+) co-transport in principle. Here we report features of ion transport functions of No-OsHKT2;2/1, a class II transporter identified in a salt tolerant landrace of indica rice, Nona Bokra. We profiled No-OsHKT2;2/1 expression in organs of Nona Bokra plants with or without salinity stress. Dominant accumulation of the No-OsHKT2;2/1 transcript in K(+)-starved roots of Nona Bokra plants largely disappeared in response to 50 mM NaCl. We found that No-OsHKT2;2/1 expressed in the high-affinity K(+) uptake deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis oocytes shows robust K(+) selectivity even in the presence of a large amount of NaCl as reported previously. However, No-OsHKT2;2/1-expressing yeast cells exhibited Na(+) hypersensitive growth under various concentrations of K(+) and Na(+) as the cells expressing Po-OsHKT2;2, a similar class II transporter from another salt tolerant indica rice Pokkali, when compared with the growth of cells harboring empty vector or cells expressing OsHKT2;4. The OsHKT2;4 protein expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed strong K(+) selectivity in the presence of 50 mM NaCl in comparison with No-OsHKT2;2/1 and Po-OsHKT2;2. Together with apparent plasma membrane-localization of No-OsHKT2;2/1, these results point to possibilities that No-OsHKT2;2/1 could mediate destructive Na(+) influx over K(+) uptake in Nona Bokra plants upon salinity stress, and that a predominant physiological function of No-OsHKT2;2/1 might be the acquisition of Na(+) and K(+) in K(+)-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Suzuki
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Shinmyo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.
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Shahzad K, Rauf M, Ahmed M, Malik ZA, Habib I, Ahmed Z, Mahmood K, Ali R, Masmoudi K, Lemtiri-Chlieh F, Gehring C, Berkowitz GA, Saeed NA. Functional characterisation of an intron retaining K(+) transporter of barley reveals intron-mediated alternate splicing. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2015; 17:840-51. [PMID: 25631371 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intron retention in transcripts and the presence of 5' and 3' splice sites within these introns mediate alternate splicing, which is widely observed in animals and plants. Here, functional characterisation of the K(+) transporter, HvHKT2;1, with stably retained introns from barley (Hordeum vulgare) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and transcript profiling in yeast and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is presented. Expression of intron-retaining HvHKT2;1 cDNA (HvHKT2;1-i) in trk1, trk2 yeast strain defective in K(+) uptake restored growth in medium containing hygromycin in the presence of different concentrations of K(+) and mediated hypersensitivity to Na(+) . HvHKT2;1-i produces multiple transcripts via alternate splicing of two regular introns and three exons in different compositions. HKT isoforms with retained introns and exon skipping variants were detected in relative expression analysis of (i) HvHKT2;1-i in barley under native conditions, (ii) in transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing HvHKT2;1-i, and (iii) in trk1, trk2 yeast expressing HvHKT2;1-i under control of an inducible promoter. Mixed proportions of three HKT transcripts: HvHKT2;1-e (first exon region), HvHKT2;1-i1 (first intron) and HvHKT2;1-i2 (second intron) were observed. The variation in transcript accumulation in response to changing K(+) and Na(+) concentrations was observed in both heterologous and plant systems. These findings suggest a link between intron-retaining transcripts and different splice variants to ion homeostasis, and their possible role in salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shahzad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Rauf
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z A Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - I Habib
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - K Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R Ali
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - K Masmoudi
- International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, UAE
| | - F Lemtiri-Chlieh
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Gehring
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - G A Berkowitz
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - N A Saeed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Hamamoto S, Horie T, Hauser F, Deinlein U, Schroeder JI, Uozumi N. HKT transporters mediate salt stress resistance in plants: from structure and function to the field. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 32:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Model of Cation Transportation Mediated by High-Affinity Potassium Transporters (HKTs) in Higher Plants. Biol Proced Online 2015; 17:1. [PMID: 25698907 PMCID: PMC4334588 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-014-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trk/Ktr/HKT transporters probably were evolved from simple K+ channels KcsA. HKT transporters, which mediate Na+-uniport or Na+/K+-symport, maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis and increase salinity tolerance, can be classified into three subfamilies in higher plants. In this review, we systematically analyzed the characteristics of amino acids sequences and physiological functions of HKT transporters in higher plant. Furthermore, we depicted the hypothetical models of cations selection and transportation mediated by HKT transporters according to the highly conserved structure for the goal of better understanding the cations transportation processes.
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