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Brar T, Marino MJ, Lal D. Unified Airway Disease: Genetics and Epigenetics. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Lee SY, Lee HS, Park HW. Transcriptome analysis of sputum cells reveals two distinct molecular phenotypes of “asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap” in the elderly. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:215. [DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). This study examined the molecular phenotypes of ACO in the elderly.
Methods
A genome-wide investigation of gene expression in sputum cells from the elderly with asthma, ACO, or COPD was performed using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) with predefined asthma- or COPD-specific gene signatures. We then performed a subsequent cluster analysis using enrichment scores (ESs) to identify molecular clusters in the elderly with ACO. Finally, a second GSVA was conducted with curated gene signatures to gain insight into the pathogenesis of ACO associated with the identified molecular clusters.
Results
Seventy elderly individuals were enrolled (17 with asthma, 41 with ACO, and 12 with COPD). Two distinct molecular clusters of ACO were identified. Clinically, ACO cluster 1 (N = 23) was characterized by male and smoker dominance, more obstructive lung function, and higher proportions of both neutrophil and eosinophil in induced sputum compared to ACO cluster 2 (N = 18). ACO cluster 1 had molecular features similar to both asthma and COPD, with mitochondria and peroxisome dysfunction as important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The molecular features of ACO cluster 2 differed from those of asthma and COPD, with enhanced innate immune reactions to microorganisms identified as being important in the pathogenesis of this form of ACO.
Conclusion
Recognition of the unique biological pathways associated with the two distinct molecular phenotypes of ACO will deepen our understanding of ACO in the elderly.
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Chen M, Ge Y, Lin W, Ying H, Zhang W, Yu X, Li C, Cao C. Clinical features and nasal inflammation in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:25-32. [PMID: 35348596 PMCID: PMC9113297 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are widely considered to be the most common chronic inflammatory disorders. This study was performed to investigate the clinical features, disease severity, and upper airway inflammation among patients with asthma, AR, and asthma comorbid AR. Blood and nasal lavage fluid samples were collected from patients with isolated asthma (n = 23), isolated AR (n = 22), and asthma comorbid AR (n = 22). Demographic data, symptom evaluation, and spirometry were obtained from all subjects. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, IL-33, and S100 proteins were measured in the nasal lavage fluid. Compared with isolated asthma, patients with asthma comorbid AR showed a lower quality of life according to the asthma quality-of-life questionnaire (AQLQ) score (6.11 ± 0.47 vs. 6.45 ± 0.35, P = 0.007). Additionally, no significant difference in the levels of IL-4 (P = 0.116), IL-25 (P = 0.235), and S100A12 (P = 0.392) was observed in nasal lavage fluid among three groups. However, miniscule levels of IL-5, IL-17, IL-13, IL-33, S100A8, and S100A9 were detected in nasal lavage fluid in all three groups. Patients with asthma comorbid AR showed an increased level of systemic cytokine in plasma than that of patients with isolated AR or asthma alone. The finding from our study may help clinicians to better understand the airway inflammation among asthma patients with or without AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yijun Ge
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wanmi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haiping Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuechan Yu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Huang C, Ni Y, Du W, Shi G. Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on microbiome and microbial correlations in asthma over a nine-month period. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1723-1736. [PMID: 35514165 PMCID: PMC9283747 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on airway microbiome requires longitudinal research to be corroborated. Asthma patients, not undergoing ICS treatment (baseline), were enrolled and prescribed with ICS; all of these patients were followed up with regular visits at 3 months (visit 1) and 9 months (visit 2). Induced sputum was collected, fungal microbiota (mycobiome) and bacterial microbiota (bacteriome) were estimated using 16S rRNA and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Bacterial α diversity indices were not significantly different among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Visit 1 showed lower fungal evenness than the baseline, visit 2 showed lower fungal diversity and evenness than the baseline. Fungal, but not bacterial, community compositions differed significantly among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. The most abundant bacterial phyla and genera did not differ significantly among the baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Compared with the baseline, visit 1 showed significantly increased frequency of fungal phylum Ascomycota and lower frequency of Basidiomycota. We found sharply decreased fungal genera Wallemia, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Alternaria in visit 1 and visit 2 compared with the baseline, although the differences were not statistically significant. We also found the proportion of Basidiomycota was positively correlated with percentages of sputum eosinophils and neutrophils. The proportions of Saccharomyces, Wallemia, and Aplosporella were positively correlated with percentage of sputum eosinophils. Moreover, we identified distinct inter- and intra-kingdom interactions in baseline, visit 1 and visit 2. Therefore, ICS use altered the airway microbial diversity, evenness, community composition and microbial connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Huang C, Du W, Ni Y, Lan G, Shi G. The effect of short-chain fatty acids on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:53-64. [PMID: 35020860 PMCID: PMC8802183 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 polarization) play an important role in asthma. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) possessed immune-regulatory functions, but their effects on M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In our study, murine alveolar macrophage MH-S cell line and human monocyte-derived macrophages were used to polarize to M2 subset with interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment. The underlying mechanisms involved were investigated using molecule inhibitors/agonists. In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: CON group, ovalbumin (OVA) asthma group, OVA+Acetate group, OVA+Butyrate group, and OVA+Propionate group. Mice were fed with or without SCFAs (Acetate, Butyrate, Propionate) in drinking water for 20 days before developing OVA-induced asthma model. In MH-S, SCFAs inhibited IL-4-incuced protein or mRNA expressions of M2-associated genes in a dose-dependent manner. G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) agonist 4-CMTB and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (trichostatin A, TSA), but not GPR41 agonist AR420626 could inhibit the protein or mRNA expressions M2-associated genes. 4-CMTB, but not TSA, had no synergistic role in the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on M2 polarization. In vivo study indicated Butyrate and Propionate, but not Acetate, attenuated OVA-induced M2 polarization in the lung and airway inflammation. We also found the inhibitory effect of SCFAs on M2 polarization in human-derived macrophages. Therefore, SCFAs inhibited M2 polarization in MH-S likely through GPR43 activation and/or HDAC inhibition. Butyrate and Propionate but not Acetate could inhibit M2 polarization and airway inflammation in asthma model. SCFAs also abrogated M2 polarization in human-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gelei Lan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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Huang C, Yu Y, Du W, Liu Y, Dai R, Tang W, Wang P, Zhang C, Shi G. Fungal and bacterial microbiome dysbiosis and imbalance of trans-kingdom network in asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:42. [PMID: 33110490 PMCID: PMC7583303 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal and bacterial microbiota play an important role in development of asthma. We aim to characterize airway microbiome (mycobiome, bacteriome) and functional genes in asthmatics and controls. Methods Sputum microbiome of controls, untreated asthma patients and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) receiving patients was detected using high throughput sequencing. Metagenomic sequencing was used to examine the functional genes of microbiome. Results 1. Mycobiome: α diversity was lower in untreated asthma group than that in controls. Mycobiome compositions differed among the three groups. Compared with controls, untreated asthma group has higher abundance of Wallemia, Mortierella and Fusarium. Compared with untreated asthma patients, ICS receiving patients has higher abundance of Fusarium and Mortierella, lower frequency of Wallemia, Alternaria and Aspergillus. 2. Bacteriome: α diversity was lower in untreated asthma group than that in controls. There are some overlaps of bacteriome compositions between controls and untreated asthma patients which were distinct from ICS receiving patients. Untreated asthma group has higher Streptococcus than controls. 3. Potential fungal and bacterial biomarkers of asthma: Trametes, Aspergillus, Streptococcus, Gemella, Neisseria, etc. 4. Correlation network: There are dense and homogenous correlations in controls but a dramatically unbalanced network in untreated asthma and ICS receiving patients, which suggested the existence of disease-specific inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom alterations. 5. Metagenomic analysis: functional pathways were associated with the status of asthma, microbiome and functional genes showed different correlations in different environment. Conclusion We showed mycobiome and bacteriome dysbiosis in asthma featured by alterations in biodiversity, community composition, inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom network. We also observed several functional genes associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Youchao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 People's Republic of China
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7
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Liu X, Wang X, Yao X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang L. Value of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and FEF 25-75 in Identifying Factors Associated With Chronic Cough in Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:830-845. [PMID: 31552718 PMCID: PMC6761070 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.6.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Chronic cough in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients is common with multiple etiologies including cough variant asthma (CVA), non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB), gastroesophageal reflux-related cough (GERC), and upper airway cough syndrome (UACS). Practical indicators that distinguish these categories are lacking. We aimed to explore the diagnostic value of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and forced expiratory flow at 25% and 75% of pulmonary volume (FEF25–75) in specifically identifying CVA and NAEB in these patients. Methods Consecutive AR patients with chronic cough were screened and underwent induced sputum, FeNO, nasal nitric oxide, spirometry, and methacholine bronchial provocation testing. All patients also completed gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaires. Results Among 1,680 AR patients, 324 (19.3%) were identified with chronic cough, of whom 316 (97.5%) underwent etiology analyses. Overall, 87 (27.5%) patients had chronic cough caused by NAEB, 78 (24.7%) by CVA, 16 (5.1%) by GERC, and 81 (25.6%) by UACS. Patients with either NAEB or CVA (n = 165, in total) were further assigned to a common group designated as CVA/NAEB, because they both responded to corticosteroid therapy. Receiver operating characteristic curves of FeNO revealed obvious differences among CVA, NAEB, and CVA/NAEB (area under the curve = 0.855, 0.699, and 0.923, respectively). The cutoff values of FeNO at 43.5 and 32.5 ppb were shown to best differentiate CVA and CVA/NAEB, respectively. FEF25–75 was significantly lower in patients with CVA than in those with other causes. A FEF25–75 value of 74.6% showed good sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with CVA. Conclusions NAEB, CVA, and UACS are common causes of chronic cough in patients with AR. FeNO can first be used to discriminate patients with CVA/NAEB, then FEF25–75 (or combined with FeNO) can further discriminate patients with CVA from those with CVA/NAEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
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Kim BK, Lee HS, Sohn KH, Lee SY, Cho SH, Park HW. Different Biological Pathways Are Up-regulated in the Elderly With Asthma: Sputum Transcriptomic Analysis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:104-115. [PMID: 30479081 PMCID: PMC6267191 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly asthma (EA) is increasing, but the pathogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to identify EA-related biological pathways by analyzing genome-wide gene expression profiles in sputum cells. METHODS A total of 3,156 gene probes with significantly differential expressions between EA and healthy elderly controls were used for a hierarchical clustering of genes to identify gene clusters. Gene set enrichment analysis provided biological information, with replication from Gene Expression Omnibus expression profiles. RESULTS Fifty-five EA patients and 10 elderly control subjects were enrolled. Two distinct gene clusters were found. Cluster 1 (n = 35) showed a lower eosinophil proportion in sputum and less severe airway obstruction compared to cluster 2 (n = 20). The replication data set also identified 2 gene clusters (clusters 1' and 2'). Among 5 gene sets significantly enriched in cluster 1 and 3 gene sets significantly enriched in cluster 2, we confirmed that 2 were significantly enriched in the replication data set (OXIDATIVE_PHOSPHORYLATION gene set in cluster 1 and EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION gene set in cluster 2'). CONCLUSIONS The findings of 2 distinct gene clusters in EA and different biological pathways in each gene cluster suggest 2 different pathogenesis mechanisms underlying EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, KyungHee University Medical center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suh Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim J, Chang Y, Bae B, Sohn KH, Cho SH, Chung DH, Kang HR, Kim HY. Innate immune crosstalk in asthmatic airways: Innate lymphoid cells coordinate polarization of lung macrophages. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1769-1782.e11. [PMID: 30414858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have emphasized the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the development of asthma. The involvement of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in asthma is well studied: however, the participation of other types of ILCs in the development of asthma remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the role of various ILCs in patients with asthma, especially their effect on macrophage polarization. METHODS Each subset of ILCs and macrophages in induced sputum from 51 steroid-naive patients with asthma and 18 healthy donors was analyzed by using flow cytometry. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were sorted and cocultured with each subset of ILCs to determine whether the polarization of macrophages could be regulated by ILCs. RESULTS In addition to ILC2s, numbers of group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) were increased in induced sputum from asthmatic patients when compared with those in healthy control subjects. The dominance of macrophages in induced sputum was more prominent in asthmatic patients than in healthy control subjects. A positive correlation between numbers of ILC2s and numbers of M2 macrophages and those of ILC1s/ILC3s and M1 macrophages was observed. Coculture of ILC2s with AMs induced expression of M2 macrophage-related genes, whereas coculture of ILC1s and ILC3s with AMs induced expression of M1 macrophage-related genes through cytokine secretion, as well as cell-cell contact. According to the inflammatory signature, patients with eosinophilic asthma have more ILC2s and M2 macrophages, and those with noneosinophilic asthma have an M1 macrophage-dominant profile. CONCLUSION A different subset of ILCs regulates macrophage polarization, contributing to developing the distinct phenotype of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuna Chang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Bae
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Sohn
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Jung JW, Choi JC, Shin JW, Kim JY, Park IW, Choi BW, Park HW, Cho SH, Kim K, Kang HR. Lung Microbiome Analysis in Steroid-Naїve Asthma Patients by Using Whole Sputum. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 79:165-78. [PMID: 27433177 PMCID: PMC4943901 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2016.79.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent metagenomic approaches have characterized the distinguished microbial compositions in airways of asthmatics, these results did not reach a consensus due to the small sample size, non-standardization of specimens and medication status. We conducted a metagenomics approach by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the induced whole sputum representing both the cellular and fluid phases in a relative large number of steroid naïve asthmatics. Methods Induced whole sputum samples obtained from 36 healthy subjects and 89 steroid-naїve asthma patients were analyzed through T-RFLP analysis. Results In contrast to previous reports about microbiota in the asthmatic airways, the diversity of microbial composition was not significantly different between the controls and asthma patients (p=0.937). In an analysis of similarities, the global R-value showed a statistically significant difference but a very low separation (0.148, p=0.002). The dissimilarity in the bacterial communities between groups was 28.74%, and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) contributing to this difference were as follows: OTU 789 (Lachnospiraceae), 517 (Comamonadaceae, Acetobacteraceae , and Chloroplast), 633 (Prevotella), 645 (Actinobacteria and Propionibacterium acnes), 607 (Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus otakiensis, Lactobacillus sunkii, and Rhodobacteraceae), and 661 (Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Leptotrichiaceae), and they were significantly more prevalent in the sputum of asthma patients than in the sputum of the controls. Conclusion Before starting anti-asthmatic treatment, the microbiota in the whole sputum of patients with asthma showed a marginal difference from the microbiota in the whole sputum of the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Chol Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Whui Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kijeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Nesterova KI, Nesterova AA. [The effectiveness of topical antihistamine monotherapy in the patients presenting with the manifestations of seasonal allergic rhinitis]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2015; 80:77-80. [PMID: 26525329 DOI: 10.17116/otorino201580477-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of monotherapy with the use of allergoferon gel composed of topical recombinant human interferon-α-2β and loratadine. A total of 105 patients at the age varying from 18 to 55 years presenting with the manifest form of seasonal allergic rhinitis were available for the examination. They were given the topical treatment in the recommended standard doses. The patients included in group 1 (n=65) were treated with allergoferon while those comprising group 3 (n=40) received mometasonefuorate (nasonex). Changes in the clinical symptoms were recorded on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The best results of the treatment were documented in the patients of group 1 on day 3 afterthe onset of therapy; this effect was attributed to the rapid beginning of the drug action that was apparent within15 minutes after the topical application of the medication. There were no significant difference between the manifestations of the symptoms on days 7 and 14 in the patients of both groups. None of the patients in group 1 refused to continue therapy up to day 28. Two patients in group 2 (5%) wished to discontinue the treatment due to side effects. It is concluded that the treatment with the allergoferon gel for the topical and external applications extends the possibilities for efficacious and safe therapy of the clinical manifestations of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Nesterova
- Omsk State Medical Academy, Omsk, Russia, 644111; 'Ultramed' Clinical and Diagnostic Centre, Omsk, Russia, 646010
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Bocşan CI, Bujor AI, Miron N, Vesa ŞC, Deleanu D, Buzoianu AD. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effect of H1 Antihistamines in Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Balkan Med J 2015; 32:352-8. [PMID: 26740893 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa and represents a risk factor for asthma occurrence. H1 antihistamines reduce the symptoms of rhinitis, but some compounds may have anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS We evaluated the plasma level of some cytokines in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) and their evolution after a 4-week treatment with H1 anti-histamines, as well as the risk of asthma after 1.5 years. STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. METHODS Eighty-five patients with PAR and 30 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The patients with PAR were randomly divided into 2 groups: 41 patients treated with 5 mg/day desloratadine and 44 patients under 5 mg/day levocetirizine for 4 weeks. The clinical and biological evaluations were performed before and after treatment and included rhinitis symptoms and total symptoms score, type of sensitization, and plasmatic levels of total IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. RESULTS IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly increased in patients with PAR compared to healthy volunteers (5.85 vs 3.12, p<0.001 and 2.32 vs 1.06, p<0.001, respectively). Both H1 antihistamines reduce all symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion and the plasmatic level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, after 4 weeks of treatment. The reduction of cytokine levels was not influenced by patients' age, sex, duration or severity of rhinitis, or type of sensitization. Levocetirizine has a superior effect compared to desloratadine in reducing the rhinitis symptoms and cytokines' level. Twenty eight (32.9%) of the patients presented asthma symptoms after 1.5 years. The occurrence of asthma was influenced by house dust sensitization (OR-14.6; CI 95% 1.8-116.3; p=0.01), but baseline values of cytokines were not predictive factors for its appearance. CONCLUSION Levocetirizine and desloratadine as a prolonged therapy reduce plasmatic levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with PAR. Levocetirizine has a better effect on decreasing the symptoms and plasmatic levels of IL-1β and IL-8. (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT02507635). FOUNDING POSDRU and University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu, Cluj Napoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina I Bocşan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana I Bujor
- Department of Allergology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Miron
- Department of Allergology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ştefan C Vesa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Deleanu
- Department of Allergology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Allergology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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13
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Powell H, Murphy VE, Hensley MJ, Giles W, Clifton VL, Gibson PG. Rhinitis in pregnant women with asthma is associated with poorer asthma control and quality of life. J Asthma 2015; 52:1023-30. [PMID: 26365758 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1054403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the pattern and severity of rhinitis in pregnancy and the impact rhinitis has on asthma control and quality of life (QoL) in pregnant women with asthma. METHODS Two hundred and eighteen non-smoking pregnant women with asthma were participants in a randomised controlled trial of exhaled nitric oxide guided treatment adjustment. Rhinitis was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) scored from 0 to 10 and classified as current (VAS > 2.5), moderate/severe versus mild (VAS > 6 vs <5), atopic versus non-atopic and pregnancy rhinitis. At baseline, women completed the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT20), asthma-specific (AQLQ-M) QoL questionnaires and the Six-Item Short-Form State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6). Asthma control was assessed using the asthma control questionnaire (ACQ). Perinatal outcomes were collected after delivery. RESULTS Current rhinitis was present in 142 (65%) women including 45 (20%) women who developed pregnancy rhinitis. Women with current rhinitis had higher scores for ACQ (p = 0.004), SNOT20 (p < 0.0001) and AQLQ-M (p < 0.0001) compared to women with no rhinitis. Current rhinitis was associated with increased anxiety symptoms (p = 0.002), rhinitis severity was associated with higher ACQ score (p = 0.004) and atopic rhinitis was associated with poorer lung function (p = 0.037). Rhinitis symptom severity improved significantly during gestation (p < 0.0001). There was no impact on perinatal outcomes. Improved asthma control was associated with improvement in rhinitis. CONCLUSION Rhinitis in pregnant women with asthma is common and associated with poorer asthma control, sino-nasal and asthma-specific QoL impairment and anxiety. In the context of active asthma management there was significant improvement in rhinitis symptoms and severity as pregnancy progressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Powell
- a Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia .,b Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine , John Hunter Hospital , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Vanessa E Murphy
- a Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Michael J Hensley
- a Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia .,b Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine , John Hunter Hospital , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
| | - Warwick Giles
- c Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatal, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia .,d Royal North Shore Hospital , Sydney , NSW , Australia , and
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- e Robinson Institute, Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- a Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute , Newcastle , NSW , Australia .,b Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine , John Hunter Hospital , Newcastle , NSW , Australia
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14
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists upregulate VEGF secretion from bronchial epithelial cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1257-69. [PMID: 26076680 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are characterized by airway remodeling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical regulator of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, important components of airway remodeling. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is the principle receptor for many environmental toxicants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the regulatory role of AhR on the expression of VEGF in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) remains elusive. This study was conducted to determine the role of AhR in regulating bronchial epithelial VEGF expression, which might contribute to angiogenesis of airway remodeling. The plasma VEGF levels of asthmatic patients and healthy subjects were compared. By treating HBE-135, Beas-2B, and primary human BECs with AhR agonists, the mechanisms through which AhR modulated VEGF expression in human BECs were investigated. The plasma VEGF level was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in healthy subjects. AhR agonists significantly upregulated VEGF secretion from human BECs, which promoted the migratory and tube-forming ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The secretion of VEGF was increased via a canonical AhR pathway, followed by the 15-LOX/15-HETE/STAT3 pathway. C57BL/6JNarl mice treated with TCDD intratracheally also showed increased VEGF expression in BECs. This hitherto unrecognized pathway may provide a potential target for the treatment of airway remodeling in many pulmonary diseases, especially those related to environmental toxicants. KEY MESSAGE AhR agonists increase VEGF secretion from bronchial epithelial cells. The mechanism involves the canonical AhR pathway and 15-LOX/15-HETE/STAT3 pathway. Asthmatic patients have higher plasma VEGF level. Mice treated with intratracheal TCDD show increased VEGF expression in BECs. This novel regulatory pathway is a potential target for treating asthma and COPD.
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15
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Yılmaz I, Bayraktar N, Ceyhan K, Seçil D, Yüksel S, Mısırlıgil Z, Bavbek S. Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and Endostatin levels in induced sputum and relationship to bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis monosensitized to house dust. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2015; 21:S2173-5115(15)00094-9. [PMID: 26051834 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis (PAR) and its relationship with lower airway remodeling are extremely limited. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated bronchial vascular remodeling via the measurement of angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and anti-angiogenic factor, Endostatin, and evaluated their relationship with BHR in patients with PAR. METHODS The study group consisted of 30 patients with PAR monosensitized to house dust mites and 14 non-allergic healthy controls. All subjects underwent induced sputum and methacholine (M) bronchial provocation tests. VEGF-A and Endostatin levels were measured by ELISA in induced sputum supernatants. RESULTS The percentages of eosinophils in induced sputum were significantly increased in patients with PAR compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences between patients with PAR and healthy controls in terms of levels of VEGF (37.9pg/ml, min-max: 5-373pg/ml vs. 24.9, min-max: 8-67pg/ml, p=0.8 respectively), Endostatin (532.5pg/ml, min-max: 150-2125pg/ml vs. 644, min-max: 223-1123pg/ml, p=0.2 respectively) and VEGF/Endostatin ratio (0.057 vs. 0.045, p=0.8 respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences between patients who are BHR positive (n=8), or negative to M (n=22) in terms of levels of VEGF, Endostatin and VEGF/Endostatin ratio and no correlations among value of PD20 to M and levels of VEGF, Endostatin and VEGF/Endostatin ratio. CONCLUSION We conclude that VEGF-A and Endostatin did not differ between patients with PAR and healthy controls regardless of BHR to M.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yılmaz
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - N Bayraktar
- Baskent University, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Ceyhan
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Cytology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Seçil
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Yüksel
- Ankara University, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Mısırlıgil
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Bavbek
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Jung JW, Kang HR, Lee HS, Park HW, Cho SH, Min KU, Sohn SW. Expression levels of eosinophil granule protein mRNAs in induced sputum reflect airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2014; 233:49-56. [PMID: 24814827 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.233.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils are regarded as the major effector cells that produce symptoms in allergic diseases. Activation of eosinophils induces extracellular release of a number of eosinophil granule proteins, including major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences and significance of the sputum eosinophil% and expression levels of eosinophilic granule protein mRNAs in allergic airway disease. Induced sputum samples were obtained from non-smokers with 25 asthma, 54 eosinophilic bronchitis, 16 allergic rhinitis, and 19 healthy control subjects. The eosinophil granule protein mRNAs were measured with real time RT-PCR. There was no correlation between the sputum eosinophil% and the mRNA level of any of eosinophil granule proteins. However, the expression levels of MBP and ECP mRNAs were higher in subjects with each of the specified allergic diseases than those in control subjects (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the subjects with allergic sensitization, the expression levels of MBP and EPO mRNAs were significantly higher in those with airway hyperresponsiveness (13 subjects) than in those without airway hyperresponsiveness (32 subjects) (P = 0.004 and 0.010, respectively). In asthma patients, the FEV1% was negatively correlated with ECP mRNA levels (r = -0.510, P = 0.022), but showed no correlation with sputum eosinophil%. In conclusion, mRNA levels of eosinophil granule proteins, rather than sputum eosinophil%, may reflect airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. In practice, consideration for the eosinophil% as well as the eosinophil granule proteins levels in induced sputum is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Jung
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center
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17
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Diamant Z, Tufvesson E, Bjermer L. Which biomarkers are effective for identifying Th2-driven inflammation in asthma? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 13:477-86. [PMID: 23918590 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of asthma as a heterogeneous disease revealed different potential molecular targets and urged the development of targeted, customized treatment modalities. Evidence was provided for different inflammatory subsets of asthma and more recently, further refined to T helper (Th)2-high and Th2-low subphenotypes with different responsiveness to standard and targeted pharmacotherapy. Given these differences in immunology and pathophysiology, proof of concept studies of novel treatment modalities for asthma should be performed in adequate, well-defined phenotypes. In this review, we describe both existing and novel biomarkers of Th2-inflammation in asthma that can be applied to classify asthma subphenotypes in clinical studies and for treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Diamant
- Institute for Clinical Science, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Klinikgatan 18, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden,
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18
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Jo EJ, Kim MY, Lee SE, Lee SY, Kim MH, Song WJ, Kim SH, Kang HR, Chang YS, Cho SH, Min KU. Eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness according to aeroallergen sensitization pattern in patients with lower airway symptoms. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 6:39-46. [PMID: 24404392 PMCID: PMC3881399 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sensitization to specific allergens may be important in the development of allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We evaluated the effect of specific aeroallergen sensitization on eosinophilic airway inflammation and AHR. Methods We reviewed retrospectively the clinical data of subjects who underwent skin prick tests to aeroallergens, induced sputum analysis, and methacholine bronchial provocation tests to evaluate lower airway symptoms as well as analyzed the associations between the pattern of aeroallergen sensitization and sputum eosinophilia or AHR. Results Of the 1,202 subjects be enrolled, 534 (44.4%) were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen in skin tests. AHR was demonstrated in 23.5% and sputum eosinophilia in 38.8%. Sputum eosinophilia was significantly associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), house dust mite (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.3), dog (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3), and cat (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.4). AHR was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.0-3.7), house dust mite (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.6 3.2), Alternaria (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.7), and cat (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3). Sensitization to more perennial allergens increased the risk for sputum eosinophilia and AHR. There was no relationship with individual seasonal allergens. Conclusion The development of airway eosinophilic inflammation and AHR in an adult Korean population was associated with sensitization to perennial allergens rather than seasonal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi-Yeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hye Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Up Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Shim EJ, Chun E, Kang HR, Cho SH, Min KU, Park HW. Expression of semaphorin 3A and neuropilin 1 in asthma. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1435-42. [PMID: 24133346 PMCID: PMC3792596 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.10.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NP1) is a part of essential receptor complexes mediating both semaphorin3A (SEMA3A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is one of important mediators involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, it is possible that SEMA3A plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma through attenuation of VEGF-mediated effects. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate expression levels of SEMA3A and NP1 using induced sputum of asthmatics and a murine model of asthma. Firstly, SEMA3A and NP1 expressions in induced sputum of asthmatics and SEMA3A and NP1 expression on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung homogenates of asthmatic mice were determined. Then we evaluated the immunolocalization of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and NP1 expressions on asthmatic mice lung tissue and their subcellular distributions using fibroblast and BEAS2B cell lines. Sputum SEMA3A and NP1 expressions were significantly higher in asthmatics than controls. Similarly, SEMA3A and NP1 expressions on BAL cells and lung homogenates were significantly elevated in asthmatic mice compared to control mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and NP1 expressions were also uniformly increased in asthmatic mice. Our observations suggest that SEMA3A and NP1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Up Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Matsune S. Allergic rhinitis and vascular endothelial growth factor. J NIPPON MED SCH 2013; 79:170-5. [PMID: 22791116 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.79.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was identified in 1980s as a protein that increases vascular permeability and induces endothelial cell-specific mitosis. VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis during the embryonic stage and in angiogenesis and in increasing vascular permeability during postnatal life, both physiologically and pathologically. Great progress has been made in studies of VEGF, mainly in the field of oncology, and VEGF-targeted therapy has been successfully used to treat patients with cancer. In research related to chronic inflammation, several reports concerning rheumatoid arthritis or retinopathy and VEGF have been published. In the lower respiratory tract, increased levels of VEGF have been detected in biological samples from patients with asthma. However, VEGF has not been studied in detail in upper-airway diseases, such as rhinosinusitis. This review article focuses on VEGF and allergic rhinitis to advance studies of VEGF in chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. VEGF levels in nasal secretions and nasal lavage fluid were higher in perennial allergic rhinitis than in nonallergic rhinosinusitis, after, rather than before, the antigen provocation test. The major VEGF isoforms were confirmed to be VEGF₁₂₁ and VEGF₁₆₅ in allergic rhinitis. Expression of VEGF mRNA was higher in serous versus mucous acini. In allergic rhinitis, serous acini produced significant quantities of VEGF, which was hypersecreted after antigen provocation. VEGF seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. Modulation of VEGF function seems to contribute to the successful treatment of conditions with airway inflammation such as allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Matsune
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
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21
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Sohn SW, Jung JW, Lee SY, Kang HR, Park HW, Min KU, Cho SH. Expression pattern of GSTP1 and GSTA1 in the pathogenesis of asthma. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:173-81. [PMID: 23647087 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.789572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known aggravating factors for airway inflammation in asthma. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify ROS and toxic compounds in environmental exposures. However, little is known about the regulation of GST and expression of GST subtypes in asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate how GSTs are regulated in asthma. We observed total GST activity and expression of GST subtypes in murine asthma models and GST expressions in induced sputum cells of asthmatics. Total GST activity was increased in BAL fluids of OVA-treated murine asthma model. GSTP and GSTA are highly expressed in peribronchiolar mononuclear inflammatory cells and epithelial cells in OVA-treated mice. GSTM are expressed in epithelial cells in both OVA and PBS-treated groups. GSTP1 mRNA expression was increased in the lung of OVA-treated mice compared with PBS-treated mice. GSTA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 mRNA expressions were not different between both groups. GSTA1 mRNA expression was increased in induced sputum cells of asthmatics compared with healthy controls. GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 mRNA expressions were not different between asthmatics and healthy controls. In asthmatics, GSTP1 and GSTA1 mRNA expressions were higher in induced sputum cells of asthmatics with PC20 ≤ 4 mg/ml than those with PC20 > 4 mg/ml. GSTM1 and GSTT1 mRNA expressions were not different between two groups. These findings suggest that GSTs are upregulated in the airways of asthmatics in response to increased oxidative stress. GSTP and GSTA are thought to play an important role in protecting the airways of asthmatics compared with GSTM and GSTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Wook Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Yang MS, Lee HS, Kim MH, Song WJ, Kim TW, Kwon JW, Kim SH, Park HW, Chang YS, Cho SH, Min KU. Rhinitis patients with sputum eosinophilia show decreased lung function in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:232-8. [PMID: 23814677 PMCID: PMC3695238 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.4.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Sputum eosinophilia is observed frequently in patients with rhinitis. Sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic allergic rhinitis has been suggested to be related to nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, the clinical significance of sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic rhinitis without AHR has not been determined. We conducted a retrospective study examining the influence of sputum eosinophilia in patients with non-asthmatic rhinitis without AHR on pulmonary function and expression of fibrosis-related mediators. Methods Eighty-nine patients with moderate-to-severe perennial rhinitis without AHR were included. All underwent lung function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]), skin tests to inhalant allergens, methacholine bronchial challenge tests, and hypertonic saline-induced sputum to determine eosinophil counts. Sputum mRNA levels for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were also examined. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of sputum eosinophilia (≥3%, eosinophilia-positive [EP] and <3%, eosinophilia-negative [EN] groups). Results FEV1 was significantly lower (P=0.04) and FEV1/FVC tended to be lower (P=0.1) in the EP group than in the EN group. In sputum analyses, the MMP-9 mRNA level (P=0.005) and the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1 expression (P=0.01) were significantly higher in the EP group than in the EN group. There was no significant difference in TGF-β mRNA expression between the two groups. Conclusions Sputum eosinophilia in patients with moderate-to-severe perennial rhinitis without AHR influenced FEV1 and the expression pattern of fibrosis-related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Suk Yang
- Department of Internal medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Internal medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Yılmaz İ, Bayraktar N, Ceyhan K, Seçil D, Yüksel S, Mısırlıgil Z, Bavbek S. Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and Endostatin Levels in Induced Sputum and Relationship to Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013; 27:181-6. [DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies about the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and its relationship with lower airway remodeling are extremely limited. In this study, bronchial vascular remodeling and its relationship with BHR were evaluated by measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and endostatin in patients with seasonal AR (SAR). Methods The study group consisted of 30 patients with SAR (positive skin test to grass pollens) and 14 healthy controls. Induced sputum and bronchial provocation test (BPT) to methacholine (M) were performed in season. VEGF-A and endostatin levels were measured by ELISA in induced sputum supernatant. Results The percentages of eosinophils in induced sputum were significantly increased in BHR+ patients (n = 10) with SAR compared with BHR– patients (n = 20) with SAR (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between eosinophils and provocative concentration of M required to produce a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The levels of VEGF-A were significantly higher in SAR patients with BHR than in SAR patients without BHR and healthy controls (respectively, p = 0.014 and p = 0.04). The levels of endostatin were significantly lower in SAR patients with BHR than in SAR patients without BHR and healthy controls (respectively, p = 0.020 and p = 0.014). The ratio of VEGF-A/endostatin was significantly higher in SAR patients with BHR than in SAR patients without BHR and healthy controls (respectively, p = 0.009 and p = 0.019). Conclusion In this first study comparing the VEGF-A and endostatin levels of patients with SAR in sputum supernatant, the presence of BHR was shown to be associated with the vascular component of remodeling “angiogenesis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- İnsu Yılmaz
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Koray Ceyhan
- Division of Clinical Cytology, Department of Pathology
| | - Derya Seçil
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcen Yüksel
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mısırlıgil
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Bavbek
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Shim EJ, Chun E, Lee HS, Bang BR, Kim TW, Cho SH, Min KU, Park HW. The role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:958-65. [PMID: 22909167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) belonging to endogenous danger signals prolongs eosinophil survival and acts as a chemoattractant. OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of asthma characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation. METHODS Firstly, HMGB1 expressions in induced sputum obtained from human asthmatics were determined. This was followed by an evaluation of the role of HMGB1 in a murine model of asthma using anti-HMGB1 antibodies. Then the effect of HMGB1 on the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions on CD11b-CD11c(+) cells isolated from a murine model of asthma were measured to elucidate the mechanisms involved. RESULTS Sputum HMGB1 expressions were markedly higher in asthmatics than in normal controls, and were positively correlated with sputum eosinophilia and sputum TNF-α, IL-5 and IL-13 expressions. In a murine model of asthma, HMGB1 expressions in lung tissue and HMGB1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly elevated and eosinophilic airway inflammation, non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness, and pathological changes were attenuated by blocking HMGB1 activity. Furthermore, we found that enhanced RAGE expressions on CD11b-CD11c(+) also significantly decreased when HMGB1 activity was blocked. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggest that HMGB1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental asthma characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-J Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon JW, Kim TW, Kim KM, Jung JW, Cho SH, Min KU, Kim YY, Park HW. Differences in airway inflammation according to atopic status in patients with chronic rhinitis. Asia Pac Allergy 2012; 2:248-55. [PMID: 23130330 PMCID: PMC3486969 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that cause nasal inflammation. And the nose may be a window into the lung in the concept of "one airway one disease." Objective This study was conducted to evaluate differences between the different forms of chronic rhinitis in terms of lower airway inflammation. Methods Patients that attended the allergy clinic and presented with moderate/severe persistent rhinitis symptoms for more than 1 year were enrolled. The patients with chronic rhinitis were classified into two groups (house dust mites [HDM]-sensitive allergic rhinitis [AR] or non-allergic rhinitis [NAR]) according to the presence of atopy, and additionally according to nasal polyposis and airway hyperresponsiveness, respectively. Medical records were reviewed and the mRNA expression levels of IL-5, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, IL-17A, and IL-25 were evaluated in induced sputum samples in each group. Results Induced sputum samples of 53 patients were evaluated. Patients with NAR were significantly older than patients with HDM-sensitive AR (p < 0.05). Nasal polyposis was more prevalent in NAR patients than in HDM-sensitive AR patients (10.2% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001). The expression levels of IL-17A mRNA were higher in NAR patients, regardless of the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness (p = 0.005). Conclusion These results suggest that patients with different forms of chronic rhinitis could have different inflammatory environments in their lower airway and NAR patients might have bronchial inflammation related to the elevated levels of IL-17A compared to HDM-sensitive AR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-460, Korea. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea
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Marra SMG, Borges RO, Alves R, Silva DAO, Taketomi EA, Segundo GRS. Spirometric parameters and levels of interferon gamma and IL-5 in induced sputum from patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012; 25:196-199. [PMID: 22186238 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to analyze spirometric parameters and cytokine (interferon [IFN] gamma and IL-5) levels in induced sputum from patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonatopic subjects. METHODS Thirty-three subjects aged 18-60 years were enrolled in the present study. Eight patients had asthma without AR symptoms, 16 had AR without asthma symptoms or history, and both groups had positive skin-prick test (SPT) to aeroallergens. The nine remaining subjects were healthy nonatopic subjects with negative SPT to aeroallergens. Spirometry was performed by evaluating the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV(1)), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% (FEF(25-75)) of FVC before and after bronchodilator use. Induced sputum samples were also collected for measuring cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-5) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Significant pre- and postbronchodilator change was observed only for FEV(1) with higher variation values in asthmatic subjects compared with patients with AR (p < 0.05) and nonatopic subjects (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in pre- and postbronchodilator spirometric parameters among the three groups, although asthmatic patients showed lower prebronchodilator FEF(25-75) values (p = 0.065). IL-5 levels were higher in induced sputum from patients with asthma and AR compared with nonatopic subjects (p = 0.020 and p = 0.032, respectively), but IFN-gamma levels showed no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION Spirometric measurements were not able to show any occurrence of bronchial constriction in patients with AR, but predominant IL-5 levels in induced sputum from these patients reinforce the role of Th2-type immune response in lower respiratory airways that could contribute to the concept of "one airway, one disease."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M G Marra
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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Marseglia GL, Merli P, Caimmi D, Licari A, Labó E, Marseglia A, Ciprandi G, La Rosa M. Nasal disease and asthma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:7-12. [PMID: 22032779 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nose plays a primary role within the airways, working as a filter and air-conditioner, together with other important functions. Thus, it is not surprising that nasal diseases are associated with several other comorbidities, including both upper and lower airways, such as bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma. Several studies have investigated the relationship existing between the upper and the lower airways and new insights are rising. Nevertheless, some uncertainties still remain, mainly because nasal disorders are quite heterogeneous, overlapping (i.e. rhinitis-rhinosinusitis-sinusitis, acute or chronic, allergic or non-allergic) and difficult to diagnose, so that, frequently, many studies dont differentiate between the various conditions. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to systematically analyze present epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical data on the relationship between nasal diseases and asthma, splitting up three main conditions: allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia - Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Jung JW, Kim SH, Kwon JW, Kim TW, Kang HR, Park HW, Kim SS, Chang YS, Cho SH, Min KU. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes related to sputum eosinophilia in Korean asthmatics. Asia Pac Allergy 2011; 1:16-24. [PMID: 22053292 PMCID: PMC3206232 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2011.1.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is usually associated with high sputum eosinophil levels. However, recent reports have suggested the importance of noneosinophilic asthma (NEA) as a distinct phenotype of asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical significance of sputum eosinophilia and long-term treatment outcomes related to sputum eosinophilia in Korean asthmatics. METHODS A total of 201 steroid-naive asthmatics who had undergone induced sputum analysis at baseline were selected from the Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma study population. Clinical evaluation, spirometry, a skin-prick test, a methacholine bronchial provocation test, and sputum eosinophil analysis were performed initially, and patients received the treatment recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma. Lung function was evaluated every 6 months, and 53 patients completed 24 months of regular follow-up visits. Sputum eosinophilia was defined as a sputum eosinophil count of >3%. RESULTS Of the 201 steroid-naive asthmatics, 97 patients had NEA and 104 had eosinophilic asthma (EA). Only 52% of steroid-naive asthmatic subjects had elevated baseline sputum eosinophil levels. A higher percentage of sputum eosinophils was associated with a lower PC20 (r = -0.193; p = 0.009, Spearman correlation), but not with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r = 0.045; p = 0.525). During the 24-month study period, the percentage change of FEV1 was significantly lower in the NEA group than in the EA group at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (p < 0.05). The NEA group, unlike the EA group, showed no significant improvement in FEV1 at 6, 12, 18, or 24 months (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION A higher sputum eosinophil percentage was correlated with a higher airway hyperresponsiveness. Compared with EA patients, NEA patients had poor treatment outcomes in the 2-year follow-up of a Korean asthma cohort population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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Schnuch A, Oppel E, Oppel T, Römmelt H, Kramer M, Riu E, Darsow U, Przybilla B, Nowak D, Jörres R. Experimental inhalation of fragrance allergens in predisposed subjects: effects on skin and airways. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:598-606. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9:177-84. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328329f9ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15:79-87. [PMID: 19077710 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32831fb1f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disease of the nose and sinuses is the most common comorbidity associated with asthma. Rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma may represent part of one disease process with manifestations at different sites. The purpose of this review is to highlight significant new findings on the epidemiological and pathophysiological link between the upper and lower airway. Finally, we will review recent data assessing the impact of treating sinonasal disease on both the development of asthma and asthma control. RECENT FINDINGS Studies illustrate that rhinitis is very common in asthma, and associated with worse asthma control. Rhinitis typically precedes the development of asthma. Even in patients with rhinitis without asthma, there is evidence of subclinical change in the lower airways as measured by physiological changes and the presence of inflammatory mediators. There is much interest on the impact of treating allergic rhinitis on the development of asthma. SUMMARY Rhinitis, sinusitis and asthma are likely part of one disease process. Treatment of established rhinitis may have some impact on measures of airway obstruction, but an effect on lower airway inflammation is yet to be established. Prospective studies are required to determine whether treatment of rhinitis can prevent the development of asthma, or decrease airway inflammation to improve asthma outcomes in those with established asthma or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dixon
- Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA.
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Kristan SS, Malovrh MM, Silar M, Kern I, Flezar M, Kosnik M, Suskovic S, Korosec P. Airway angiogenesis in patients with rhinitis and controlled asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:354-60. [PMID: 19178538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway angiogenesis may be an important part of structural remodelling in the pathogenesis of asthma. The development of asthma is frequently preceded by rhinitis. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the levels of angiogenesis-related factors are elevated in airways of patients with rhinitis or controlled asthma. METHODS We analysed the induced sputum of 18 rhinitis patients, 16 asthmatic patients, and 15 healthy controls. The concentrations of angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and TNF-alpha were measured by cytometric bead arrays. RESULTS We found significantly increased angiogenin and VEGF concentrations in the induced sputum supernatant of both rhinitis and asthma patients compared with that of the healthy control group (P< or =0.0005). With the exception of TNF-alpha, there was no difference in the other angiogenic factors; TNF-alpha levels were higher in the rhinitis group than in the control group (P=0.02). CONCLUSION These in vivo results suggest increased airway angiogenesis in patients with rhinitis without asthma as well as in corticosteroid-treated and well-controlled asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kristan
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Distribution
- Asthma/diagnosis
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/therapy
- Child
- Comorbidity
- Female
- France/epidemiology
- Humans
- Male
- Prevalence
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Severity of Illness Index
- Sex Distribution
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